.

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Let us fix some notation.
• K stands for R or C.
• On is zero matrix and In is identity matrix of order n.
• J2n is the matrix [ ]
On In
−In On

• GLn (K) is collection of all invertible n × n matrix and SLn (K) is collection of n × n matrix of determinant
1.
• On (K) = {A ∈ GLn (K) : At A = In } and Un (C) = {A ∈ GLn (C) : A∗ A = In }
• SOn (K) = On (K) ∩ SLn (K).
• Sp2n (K) = {A ∈ GL2n (K) : At J2n A = J2n } These matrices are called simplectic matrix.
• let [ ]
A B
P = where A, B, C, D are matrices of order n
C D
If AC = CA, then det(P ) = det(AD − CB). If DC = CD, then det(P ) = det(AD − BC).
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2
We can consider matrix as a points in Kn and as a linear continuous function on Kn . So matrices inherit the
2
topology from Kn .
1. (Done) Let (X, τ ) be topological space. Let H(X) = {f : X → X such that f is bijective and f, f −1 are continuous }
. Then H(X) is a group with respect to mapping composition. Let G be subgroup of H(X). Show that
(f ,x) 7→ f (x) is a group action on X by G.
Asume any linear function on Kn is continuous. Hence GLn (K) acts on Kn . Sp2n (K) acts on Kn .
2. Show that the action of GLn (K) on Mn (K), by (A, P ) 7→ AP A−1 is a group action.
3. (Done) Show that the action of GLn (K) on Mn (K), by (A, P ) 7→ AP At is a group action.
4. (Done) GLn (R) is open and unbounded.
5. (Done) Find a subgroup of GL2 (R) which is isomorphic to (C \ {0},·) .
6. Prove that GLn (C) is isomorphic to a subgroup of GL2n (R), for any natural number n.
7. Justify the statement: “SLn (K) is normal subgroup of GLn (K).” If above statement is true, find
GLn (K)/SLn (K).
8. Show that the action of GLn (C) on Mn (C), by (A, P ) 7→ AP A∗ is a group action. Find stabilizer of In .
Hence conclude that unitary matrices form a group. Show that Un (C) is compact and path connected.
9. Show that SO2 (C) is closed in C4 . Is SO2 (C) compact in C4 ? Show that SUn (C) is compact and
path-connected.
10. Show that any isometry fixing origin in Rn is given by orthogonal matrix. Can you get similar result for
unitary matrix in Cn ? Deduce all isometry on Kn .
11. GLn (K) acts transitively on Kn \ {0} and On+1 (R) acts transitively on S n . [ Group action inherits from
problem 1]
12. Let K = R. Consider the group action (A, P ) 7→ AP At describe in problem 3. Show that symmetric
matrices can be written as union of orbits. Can you identify the representative of each orbits?
13. Let K = R. Consider the action in problem 3 and find the stabilizer of {In }. Check compactness and
connectedness of On (R). Check SOn (R) is normal subgroup of On (R) Identify On (R)/SOn (R)
14. U2 (C) is homeomorphic to S 3 × S 1
15. Show that there exists a continuous group isomorphism from S 1 to SO2 (R)