TABLE 10.

2 Formulas for torsional properties and stresses in thin-walled open cross sections
NOTATION: Point 0 indicates the shear center. e ¼ distance from a reference to the shear center; K ¼ torsional stiffness constant (length to the fourth power); Cw ¼ warping constant (length to the

SEC.
sixth power); t1 ¼ shear stress due to torsional rigidity of the cross section (force per unit area); t2 ¼ shear stress due to warping rigidity of the cross section (force per unit area); sx ¼ bending stress
due to warping rigidity of the cross section (force per unit area); E ¼ modulus of elasticity of the material (force per unit area); and G ¼ modulus of rigidity (shear modulus) of the material (force per

10.7]
unit area)
The appropriate values of y0 ; y00 , and y000 are found in Table 10.3 for the loading and boundary restraints desired

Cross section, reference no. Constants Selected maximum values

1. Channel 3b2 hb h þ 3b 00
e¼ ðsx Þmax ¼ Ey throughout the thickness at corners A and D
h þ 6b 2 h þ 6b
 2
t3 hb2 h þ 3b h þ 3b
K¼ ðh þ 2bÞ ðt2 Þmax ¼ Ey000 throughout the thickness at a distance b from corners A and D
3 4 h þ 6b h þ 6b

h2 b3 t 2h þ 3b ðt1 Þmax ¼ tGy0 at the surface everywhere

Cw ¼
12 h þ 6b

 
2. C-section 3h2 b þ 6h2 b1  8b31 h
e¼b ðsx Þmax ¼ ðb  eÞ þ b1 ðb þ eÞ Ey00 throughout the thickness at corners A and F
h þ 6h2 b þ 6h2 b1 þ 8b31  12hb21
3 2
 
t3 h b2
K¼ ðh þ 2b þ 2b1 Þ ðt2 Þmax ¼ ðb  eÞð2b1 þ b  eÞ þ 1 ðb þ eÞ Ey000 throughout the thickness on the top and bottom flanges at a
3 4 2
 2 2  distance e from corners C and D
h b b 2eb1 2b21
Cw ¼ t b1 þ  e  þ
2 3 b h ðt1 Þmax ¼ tGy0 at the surface everywhere
  
h2 e2 h 2b2 2b3
þ b þ b1 þ  1 þ 1 ðb þ eÞ2
2 6 h 3
 
3. Hat section 3h2 b þ 6h2 b1  8b31 h
e¼b sx ¼ ðb  eÞ  b1 ðb þ eÞ Ey00 throughout the thickness at corners A and F
h3 þ 6h2 b þ 6h2 b1 þ 8b31 þ 12hb21 2

t3 h
K¼ ðh þ 2b þ 2b1 Þ sx ¼ ðb  eÞEy00 throughout the thickness at corners B and E
3 2
 2 2  " #

Torsion
h b b 2eb1 2b21 h2 ðb  eÞ2 b21 hb hðb  eÞ
Cw ¼ t b1 þ  e   t2 ¼ þ ðb þ eÞ  1 ðb  eÞ Ey000 throughout the thickness at a distance
2 3 b h 8ðb þ eÞ 2 2 2ðb þ eÞ
  from corner B toward corner A
h2 e2 h 2b2 2b3
þ b þ b1 þ þ 1 þ 1 ðb þ eÞ2   2 
2 6 h 3 b hb h
t2 ¼ 1 ðb þ eÞ  1 ðb  eÞ  ðb  eÞ2 Ey000 throughout the thickness at a distance e

413
2 2 4
from corner C toward corner B

t1 ¼ tGy0 at the surface everywhere