Ni-Cr-Fe Alloys

Superferritic 303, 303 Se

stainless steels
Add Ni for corrosion resistance in high
temperature environment Add S or Se for
machinability
Add Cr.
309, 310, 314, Duplex
330 stainless
Increase Cr,
430 steel
lower Ni for
Add Cr and Ni for
higher strength,
strength and
347 No Ni, ferritic Add austenising
oxidation resistance
agent

Add Nb to reduce Add Cu, Ti, Al, lower

Precipitation
sensitization 304 (“18-8”) Ni for precipitation
Hardening
Fe-18 to 20 Cr. hardening
stainless steels
8 to 10 Ni
Add Ti to reduce
321
sensitization
Add Mo for pitting resistance Add Mn and N,
lower Ni for higher
strength
304L
201, 202
316
316L Lower C to
No Ni addition,
reduce
lower Cr,
sensitization
Add more Mo for pitting martensitic
317L
resistance

403, 410,
420
Superaustenitic Add Ni, Mo, N for 317
stainless steel corrosion resistance

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

•MARTENSITE MICRO STRUCTURE

•STRUCTURE FORMED DUE TO FAST COOLING

•CHROMIUM 10.5 TO 18%, CARBON GREATER THAN 1.2%

•NACE REQUIREMENT
– HARDNESS MAX 22HRC
•HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE
–NORMALISE OR AUSTENITIZE & QUENCH
–TEMPERING TWICE AT 620 DEG. CEL.AND THEN COOLING TO AMBIENT TEMP.
–AFTER COLD WORK STRESS RELIEVED AT 620 DEG CEL

• COMMON MATERIAL APPROVED BY NACE AND ARE COMMONLY USED ARE

–UNS S41000 (410 stainless steel SST) (FORGE)
–A217 GR CA 15 (CASTINGS)
–A486 CL CA6NM(CASTINGS)

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL

•HAVING FERRITIC MICROSTRUCTURE

•COMPOSITION MAINLY CHROMIUM 11 TO 30%

•NOT USUALY USED FOR INSTRUMENTATION ONLY FOR PIPES & AUTOMOTIVE

PARTS

•SUPERALLOYED FERRITE HAVING GOOD RESSTANCE AGAINST SSC

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

•AUSTENITE MICRO STRUCTURE(FACE CENTRE CRYSTALLINE PHASE)

•COMPOSITION CHROMIUM 16 TO 26% ,NICKEL LESS THAN 35%, MANGENESE

LESS THAN 15%

•NACE REQUIREMENT
–MAX HARDNESS 22HRC
–GOOD RESISTANCE TO SSC IN ANNEALED CONDITION
–COMMONLY USED MATERIAL IN CAST FORM & WROUGHT FORM ARE
302,304,304L,305,308,309,310,316,316,316L,317,321,347 AND UNSN08020(ALLOY 20-
UPTO 32HRC)

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
PRECIPITATION -HARDENING STAINLESS STEEL

• CHROMIUM NICKEL GRADE STEEL HARDENED BY AGEING (AUSTENITIC (A-286),

SEMI AUSTENITIC(17-7PH), MARTENSITIC(17-4PH))

•HIGH YIELD STRENGTH,GOOD DUCTILITY & TOUGHNESS

•NACE REQUIREMENT
– 17-4PH CAN BE USED IN WROUGHT FORM(S17400) ALSO IN CAST FORM
(CB7Cu-1) FOR MAX 33HRC
–S66268(A286 GRADE 660) FOR MAX 35HRC
–S20910 (NITRONIC 50) FOR MAX 35 HRC COMMONLY USED FOR SHAFTS,STEM
&PINS

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
DUPLEX STEEL

•CONSIST OF TWO MICROSTRUCTURES(AUSTENITIC / FERRITIC)

•TYPICAL COMPOSITION CARBON LESS THAN

0.3%,MOLYBDENUM,NITROGEN,TUNGESTEN,COPPER,CHROMIUM(20 TO 30%) &

NICKEL (5 TO 8%)

•HIGH STRENGTH,DUCTILITY,GOOD RESISTANCE TO CHLORIDE SSC & PITTING

•GENERALLY NOT USED IN INSTRUMENT APPLICATION USED MOSTLY FOR VESSEL

MANUFACTURING DUE TO HIGH STRENGTH THIN WALL THICKNESS REQUIRED

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
 F E R R IT IC M A R T E N S IT IC P R E C IP IT A T IO N A U S T E N IT E DUPLEX
H A R D E N IN G ( A U S T E N IT IC /F E R R IT I
C)
(W R O U G H T
C O N D IT IO N O N L Y )
A IS I A IS I ASTM A IS I U N S -S 3 1 2 6 0
405 410 A453 G R 660 302 U N S -S 3 1 8 0 3
430 501 A638 G R 660 304 U N S -S 3 2 4 0 4
304L U N S -S 3 2 5 5 0
305 U N S -S 3 2 7 6 0
308 U N S -S 3 9 2 7 4
309 U N S -S 3 9 2 7 7
310
316
316L
317
321
347

ASTM ASTM U N S S17400 ASTM C AST D U PLEX

A268 A217G R C A15 U N S S45000 A182 (A U S T E N T IC /F E R R IT IC
)
T P 405, A268 G R TP410 U N S S66286 A193 S T A IN L E S S S T E E L
T P 430
T P XM 27, A743 G R C A 15M G R B 8 R ,B 8 R A ,B 8 Z 6 C N D U 2 8 .0 8 M
T P XM 33
A487 C I C A 15M B 8 M ,B 8 M A N F A 3 2 0 -5 5 F R E N C H
A487 C I C A6N M A194 N A T IO N A L S T A N D A R D
U N S S42400 G R 8 R ,8 R A ,8 A ,8 M A U N S J93380
A320 U N S J93404
G R B 8 ,B 8 M
A351
G R C F 3 ,C F 8 ,C F 3 M
C F 8 M ,C F 7 M
A743
G R C N 7M
A744
G R C N 7M
B463
B473

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
HEAT TREATMENTS
Stress Relieving

•Mainly intended for relieving locked in stresses in weld joints & cold working stresses in
base metal by heating the metal below critical temperature holding the constant temp. and
then cooling slowly.No change in microstructure.
•Many people have the misunderstanding that stress relieving following machining is
required by MR0175. Provided good machining practices are followed using sharp tools
and proper lubrication, the amount of cold work produced is negligible. SSC resistance will
not be affected.
MR0175 actually permits the cold rolling of threads, provided the component will meet the
heat treat conditions and hardness requirements specified for the given parent material.
Cold deformation processes such as burnishing are also acceptable. Below table gives the
details of temperature at which the metal has to be heated as per MR0175.(BASED ON
THICKNESSES ASME SECTION VIII HAS ALSO TO BE REFFERED )

Sno. MATERIAL TEMPERATURE DEG CEN.

1 CARBON STEEL 595 (min)
2 MARTENSITIC STEEL 620 (MIN)
3 LOW CARBON MARTENSIC STEEL 620 (MIN)
3 LOW CARBON MARTENSIC STEEL 620 (MIN)
N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT
Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
 ANNEALING

Annealing is a generic term denoting a treatment that consists of heating to and holding at
a suitable to a suitable temperature followed by cooling at an appropriate rate,primarily for
softening of metallic materials.As the hardness of steel increases during cold working,
ductility decreases and additional cold reduction becomes so difficult that the material
must be annealed to restore its ductility.In this procedure the heating is above the critical
temperature and due to this micro structure changes occur.

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination
NORMALISING

Heating a ferrous alloy to a suitable temperature above the transformation range and then
cooling in air to a temperature substantially below transformation range. With this process
basically the steel microstructure is getting uniformly distributed and the mechanical
properties are changing (e.g. carbon steel normalization leads to higher strength )

N.A.C.E FOR SULFIDE ENVIRONMENT

Z:\Dat\Training\Experienced\JBTermination