MEEG 309 Hydraulic Machine

Module 4:
Pelton Turbine-02

B i r aj S i n gh T h a p a , P h D
A s st. P r o fessor, D e p a rtmen t o f M e c ha nic al
E ng ineering
2 0 M a y, 2 0 1 9

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
The flow rate and head are given
∗𝐻 = 1130 𝑚
∗𝑄 = 28.5 𝑚3/𝑠
∗𝑃 = 288 𝑀𝑊
Follow the following steps:
1. Calculate actual velocity of jet
2. Choose speed ratio 0.48 and calculate 𝑢
3. Choose the number of nozzles, (Refer to
specific speed)
4. Calculate 𝑑𝑠 from continuity for one
nozzle
5. Find the diameter by interpolation
Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa
6. Calculate the speed
7. Choose the number of poles on the
generator
8. Recalculate the speed
9. Recalculate the diameter
10. Choose the number of buckets
11. Define bucket geometry
12. Diameter of the turbine housing
13. Calculate the height from the runner
to the water level at the outlet
14. Dimension other components as
nozzle, manifold etc.
5/20/2019
 Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
The flow rate and head are given
∗𝐻 = 1130 𝑚
∗𝑄 = 28.5 𝑚3/𝑠
∗𝑃 = 288 𝑀𝑊
1. Calculate actual velocity of jet
𝑐1 = 𝐶𝑑 . 2. 𝑔. 𝐻𝑛 = 147.33 𝑚/𝑠
2. Choose speed ratio 0.48 and calculate 𝑢
𝑢
𝜙 = = 0.48 ⇒ 𝑢 = 70.7 𝑚/𝑠
𝑐1
3. Choose the number of nozzles, 𝑧 = 5 (Refer to specific speed)
4. Calculate 𝑑𝑠 from continuity for one nozzle
4. 𝑄
𝑑𝑠 = = 0.22 𝑚
𝑧. 𝜋. 𝑐1
Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019
 𝒛𝒃
Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
5. Find the diameter by interpolation
𝐷
= 0.005 ⋅ 𝐻𝑛 + 8
𝑑𝑠

𝐷 = 13.65 ⋅ 𝑑𝑠 = 3.0 𝑚

D/ds
15

10

400 1400 Hn [m]

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
6. Choose the bucket width and length
𝐵 = 3.3 · 𝑑𝑠 = 0.73 𝑚 ; 𝐿 = 2.3 𝑡𝑜 2.8 · 𝑑𝑠 = 2.5 · 𝑑𝑠 = 0.55 𝑚
7. Calculate the speed:
𝐷 2. π. 𝑁 𝐷 𝑢1∙ 60
𝑢1 = 𝜔 ∙ = ∙ ⟹𝑁= = 452 𝑟𝑝𝑚
2 60 2 𝜋∙𝐷
8. Choose the number of poles on the generator:
The speed of the runner is given by the generator and the net
frequency:
3000
𝑁= [𝑟𝑝𝑚] where 𝑧𝑝 = pair of poles on the generator
𝑍𝑝
3000
The pair of poles will be: 𝑧𝑝 = = 6.64 ≈ 7
𝑁

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
9. Recalculate the speed:
3000
𝑁= = 428.6 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑍𝑝

10. Recalculate the diameter:

𝐷 2. π. 𝑁 𝐷 𝑢1∙ 60
𝑢1 = 𝜔 ∙ = ∙ ⟹𝐷= = 3.16 𝑚
2 60 2 𝜋∙𝑁
11. Choose the number of buckets

𝑧𝑏 = 0.5𝑚 + 15 Tygun formula

𝑧𝑏 = 22

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
12. Diameter of the turbine housing (for vertical
turbines)
𝐷𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐷 + 𝐾 ∙ 𝐵 = 9.4 𝑚
K
9

1 4 6 z

13. Calculate the height from the runner to the

water level at the outlet (for vertical turbines)
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ≈ 3.5 𝐵 ≈ 𝐷 = 3.1 𝑚

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Dimensioning of a Pelton Turbine
Given values: Chosen values: Calculated values:

*Q = 28.5 m3/s 𝜙 =0.48 ds = 0.22 m

*H = 1130 m z=5 N = 428.6 rpm

*P = 288 MW B = 0.73 m D = 3.16 m

zb = 22 Height = 3.1 m

zp = 7 Dhousing= 9.4 m

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Jostedal Powerplant, Norway

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Example: Khimti Power Plant, Nepal
The flow rate and head are given
*H = 660 m
*Q = 2.15 m3/s
*P = 12 MW

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Example: Khimti Power Plant, Nepal
The flow rate and head are given
*H = 660 m
*Q = 2.15 m3/s
*P = 12 MW

1. Calculate actual velocity of jet and choose speed ratio 0.48 and calculate 𝑢1
𝑐1 = 𝐶𝑑 . 2. 𝑔. 𝐻𝑛 = ∗∗ 𝑚/𝑠
2. Choose the number of nozzles
z=1
3. Calculate actual velocity of jet
𝑐1 = 𝐶𝑑 . 2. 𝑔. 𝐻𝑛 =∗∗ 𝑚/𝑠
4. Choose speed ratio 0.48 and calculate 𝑢
𝑢
𝜙 = = 0.48 ⇒ 𝑢 =∗∗ 𝑚/𝑠
𝑐1

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Example: Khimti Power Plant, Nepal
5. Calculate ds from continuity for one nozzle
4. 𝑄
𝑑𝑠 = =∗∗ 𝑚
𝑧. 𝜋. 𝑣1

6. Choose the bucket width

𝐵 = 3.3 · 𝑑𝑠 =∗∗ 𝑚 ; 𝐿 = 2.3 𝑡𝑜 2.8 · 𝑑𝑠 = 2.5 · 𝑑𝑠 =∗∗ 𝑚

7. Find the diameter by interpolation

𝐷
= 0.005 ⋅ 𝐻𝑛 + 8 =∗∗
𝑑𝑠
𝐷 =∗∗ 𝑚

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Example: Khimti Power Plant, Nepal
8. Calculate the speed:
𝐷 2. π. 𝑁 𝐷
𝑢1 = 𝜔 ∙ = ∙
2 60 2

𝑢1∙ 60
𝑁= =∗∗ 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜋∙𝐷
9. Choose the number of poles on the generator:
The speed of the runner is given by the generator and the net
frequency:
3000
𝑁= [𝑟𝑝𝑚] where 𝑍𝑝 = pair of poles on the generator
𝑍𝑝
3000
The pair of poles will be: 𝑍𝑝 = = 4.9 ≈ 5
𝑁
Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019
 Example: Khimti Power Plant, Nepal
10. Recalculate the speed:
3000
𝑁= =∗∗ 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑍𝑝

11. Recalculate the diameter:

𝐷 2. π. 𝑁 𝐷 𝑢1∙ 60
𝑢1 = 𝜔 ∙ = ∙ ⟹𝐷= =∗∗ 𝑚
2 60 2 𝜋∙𝑁

12. Choose the number of buckets

𝑧𝑏 = 0.5𝑚 + 15 Tygun formula

𝑍 =∗∗

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Example: Khimti Power Plant, Nepal
Given values: Chosen values: Calculated values:

*Q = 2.15 m3/s 𝜙 = 0.48 ds = 0.15 m

*H = 660 m z=1 D = 1.7 m

zb = 22 B = 0.495 m
*P = 12 MW
L = 0.39 m
zp = 5
N = 600 rpm

Height = 1.8 m

Dhousing= 5.5 m
Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019
 Assignment
1. A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10 m/s with a jet of water flowing at
the rate of 700 l/s under a head of 30m. The bucket deflect the jet through an
angle of 160˚. Calculate the power given by water to the runner and the
hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume the coefficient of discharge as 0.98.
(Ans Power given to turbine = 186.97 kW, ηh= 94.54%)
2. A pelton wheel is to be designed for following specifications: Shaft power = 11,772
kW; Head = 380 m; Speed = 750 rpm; Overall efficiency = 86%; Jet diameter is
not to exceed one-sixth of the wheel diameter. Determine: (i) The wheel diameter
(ii) The number of jet required (iii) Diameter of jet (Take Cd=0.985, 𝜙=0.45)
3. Design a Pelton wheel for a head of 60 m when running at 200 rpm and
developing 95.64 kW shaft power. The velocity of the buckets = 0.45 times the
velocity of the jet, over all efficiency = 0.85 and coefficient of discharge is 0.98.

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019

 Mini Project
Develop Excel/Matlab program to design main dimensions of a
Pelton turbine from given head and net flow to the power plant.
Head= 100m Flow=0.33m3/sec Rated Speed 500 rpm
The program should be detailed and should include features as,
selection of no of units, show velocity triangles, drawings of main
parts etc.
Develop a CAD drawing of Pelton turbine based on the
calculation for the reference project
Link the CAD drawing with the design program for automatic
update of design for the different cases

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 07/06/2017 17

 End of Lecture 06

Kathmandu University Slides Developed by Biraj Singh Thapa 5/20/2019