ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is great pleasure to present this report on the project named "AutoCAD” undertaken by me as
part of my Mechanical Engineering curriculum.

I am thankful to I.K.G Punjab Technical University and "Quest Group of Institutions" for
offering me such a wonderful challenging opportunity and I express my deepest thanks to all
coordinators for providing all the possible help and assistance and their constant encouragement.

It is a pleasure that we find ourselves penning down these lines to express our sincere thanks to
the people who helped us along the way in completing our project. We find inadequate words to
express our sincere gratitude towards them.

First of all we would like to express our gratitude towards our raining guide Mr. Navdeep Sir
for placing complete faith and confidence in our ability to carry out this project and for providing
us his time, inspiration, encouragement, help, valuable guidance, constructive criticism and
constant interest. He took personal interest in spite of numerous commitments and busy schedule
to help us complete this project. Without the sincere and honest guidance of our respected project
guide we would have not been to reach the present stage.

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 PREFACE

CAD/CAM is a term which means Computer Aided Design & Computer Aided Manufacturing.
It is the technology concerned with the use of digital computers to perform certain functions in
design and production. Electronics brains in the form of microprocessors are parts of cars we
drive, the planes in which we fly, the televisions we watch and the automated tools we use to
produce such products. The Computer Aided Design or CAD systems are used to design such
products.

The CAD hardware typically includes computer, one or more graphics display
terminals, keywords and other peripheral equipment. The CAD software consists of the computer
programs to facilitate the engineering functions of the user company. Examples of these
application programs include stress-strain analysis of components, dynamics response of
mechanisms, heat transfer calculations and customer’s markers are different.

These factors give rise to differences in CAD systems requirements. Ultimately

CAD/CAM will provide the technology base for the computer-integrated factory of the future.

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 CONTENTS
Title Page No

a) Certificate..................................................................................................................I
b) Acknowledgement.....................................................................................................II
c) Preface………………………………………………………………………...…...III

1) Introduction............................................................................................................2
2) History....................................................................................................................2
3) Screen of AutoCAD................................................................................................3
4) The AutoCAD Advantage......................................................................................3
5) The Disadvantages of AutoCAD............................................................................4
6) What Is the Difference Between CAD and AutoCAD?.........................................7
7) Basic Drawing Commands for AutoCAD..............................................................8

a) Line Commands......................................................................................8

b) Xline Commands....................................................................................9

c) Pline Commands.........................................................................................10

d) Polygon Commands.........................................................................................11
e) Rectang Commands................................................................................13
f) Arc Command.................................................................................15

g) Circle Command................................................................................16

h) Ellipse Command………………………………………………………..

i) Erase Command………………………………………………………….

j) Copy Command………………………………………………………

k) Mirror Command…………………………………………………..

l) Array Command……………………………………………….

m) Move……………………………………..

8) Exercise

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 History

AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called Interact CAD,
also referred to in early Autodesk documents as Micro CAD, which was written prior to
Autodesk's (then Marin chip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Mike Riddle.

The first version by the Autodesk Company was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released
that December. The 2016 release marked the 30th major release for the AutoCAD for Windows.
The 2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac.

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AutoCAD

AutoCAD, developed by Autodesk Inc., is the most popular PC – CAD system available in the
market. This design package is a general purpose computer aided design and drafting application
for your computer. The speed and ease with which a drawing can be prepared and modified
using a computer offer a phenomenal advantage over hand preparation.

 Here I’m going to mention a few of the applications for which AutoCAD is being used
today:-
 Architectural drawings of all kinds.
 Interior designs on facility planning.
 Drawings for Electronics, Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, Automotives and
Aerospace engineering applications.
 Theatre set lighting designs.
 Line drawing for the Fine Arts, Textiles, Fashion and Dress designing.

 Some other CAD packages developed by the same company are:-

 Auto Shade
 Auto Flix
 Auto Ketch
 Animator
 3D Studio

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AutoCAD Screen

Various components of the initial AutoCAD screen are drawing area, command window, menu
bar, several toolbars, model and layouts, and the status bar (Fig. 1). A title bar that has AutoCAD
symbol and the current drawing name is displayed on top of the screen.

Figure 1 AutoCAD Screen

 The AutoCAD Advantage

Striker Systems sheet metal fabrication products are available as a plug-in to AutoCAD or, for
non-AutoCAD users, as a stand-alone solution based on the AutoCAD OEM Engine. Either way,
this combination provides a unique CAD/CAM environment with features not found in many
conventional manufacturing products.

 Removal of Data Translations

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Striker Systems provides a truly integrated CAD/CAM solution that supports the entire
manufacturing process from initial part design through the generation of NC programs with no
data translations required. And unlike many manufacturing software products with limited design
capability, Striker Systems includes an advanced engineering system for the most demanding
sheet metal design requirements.

 SolidWorks / Solid Edge / Inventor Compatibility

The industry is rapidly embracing 3D solid modelling technology. Being based on Autodesk’s
industry standard DWG file format, Striker Systems offers a level of compatibility not found in
other manufacturing solutions. Many products, such as Inventor and SolidWorks, support
Striker’s standard DWG file format directly. And Striker also offers direct OLE links into
SolidWorks, Inventor and Solid Edge for seamless sharing of data.

 Industry Standard Translators

Many Striker Systems clients must accept drawings from a variety of sources. In the event it is
necessary to import data from (or export data to) another CAD software, Striker Systems relies
on the same industry standard DXF, IGES, and STEP translators that are found in AutoCAD.
Autodesk is the author of the DXF file format and therefore defines this standard. And because
AutoCAD is the most popular CAD software in the world, it is a benchmark for the development
of translators by many other CAD software organizations. You are guaranteed the highest level
of compatibility in the industry.

 Reduced Training Time/Cost

Both the AutoCAD based and stand-alone Striker Systems products provide an enhanced user
interface that will be immediately recognizable to individuals familiar with AutoCAD. They will
readily adapt to the Striker environment thereby minimizing the learning curve and for
organizations that use AutoCAD as their engineering solution, it is not necessary for employees
to learn multiple operating environments as they would with separate CAD and CAM solutions.

 Rapid Product Advancements

Unlike the developers of stand-alone manufacturing products, the development team at Striker
Systems is not forced to continually maintain and advance an underlying graphics database. The
Striker graphics database is an AutoCAD engine, the world’s de facto standard CAD solution.

 The Disadvantages of AutoCAD

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Autodesk AutoCAD is one of the most popular computer-aided design (CAD) programs, and it
creates accurate, professional drawings. However, the program falls short for computer
modelling and graphic design. The application has modeling tools, as well as color and fills
tools, but AutoCAD does not compare well to contemporary building information modelling
(BIM), three-dimensional modeling or illustration software.

Line

 AutoCAD produces drawings using line and shape tools. Curves, arcs and straight lines
produce the shapes, but AutoCAD cannot edit the line and location as freely as
illustration programs-- editing and overlapping lines and line weights is limited to a few
options. In addition, AutoCAD creates drawings from only lines, never volumetric
models, such as with BIM. Nevertheless, the application can produce precise three-
dimensional geometry with limited material effects.

Limited File Formats

 Because AutoCAD is one of the leading CAD programs, it limits the number of file
formats it can import or export, because Autodesk expects other programs to export to
AutoCAD formats, such as DWG and DXF. Unfortunately, this creates problems when
using other programs with more powerful tools and exporting the program to AutoCAD
format-- geometry, color and effects are lost often.

Colour, Fill and Texture

 AutoCAD drawings and models can have color, fill and texture, using the line and hatch
tools. However, the application limits the number of possible colors to 256 and the
hatching provides only a handful of textures, so you cannot create photo realistic images
like illustration programs. Instead, you can import image files and create material maps
for AutoCAD renderings, but AutoCAD's rendering abilities cannot compete with three-
dimensional modeling programs or illustration programs.

Non-Parametric

 AutoCAD provides tools to create three-dimensional models, but editing the models requires
many steps, unlike BIM parametric models, which automatically adjust all of the model
components while editing elements. Furthermore, information is not attached to the models,

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 such as with BIM parametric models-- BIM gives the designer data about the material and
volumetric properties of the building project.

 What Is the Difference Between CAD and AutoCAD?

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the general term that applies to the use of computers in the
design of houses, office buildings, interiors and anything else that previously required hands-on
drafting. AutoCAD is a specific piece of software used by many architects and designers for
commercial design purposes. Read on to find out about the uses of CAD and AutoCAD. Schools
offering.

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SCREEN COMPONENTS

Drawing Area

The drawing area covers the major portion of the screen. Here we can draw the objects and use
the commands. To draw the objects, we need to define the coordinate points, which can be
selected by using our pointing device

Command Window

Figure 2 Command Window

The command window at the bottom of the drawing area has the command prompt where we can
enter the commands. It also displays the subsequent prompt sequences and the messages. We can
change the size of the window by placing the cursor on the top edge and then dragging it

Application Status Bar

Figure 3 Application Status Bar

The Status Bar is displayed at the bottom of the screen (Fig. 3). It contains some useful
information and buttons that will make it easy to change the status of some AutoCAD functions.
We can toggle between on and off states of most of these functions by choosing them.

 Coordinates
The coordinate’s information is displayed on the left corner of the Status Bar. We can select this
coordinate button to toggle between on and off states. If the COORDS system variable controls
the type of display of coordinates.

 Snap Mode
The snap mode allows you to move the cursor in fixed increments. If snap mode is on, the Snap
Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar; otherwise it is not displayed.

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 Grid Display
The grid lines are used as a reference lines to draw objects in AutoCAD. If the Grid Display
button is chosen, the grid lines are displayed on the screen.

 Ortho Mode
If the Ortho Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar, we can draw lines at right angles only.

 Polar Tracking
If we turn the polar tracking on, the movement of cursor is restricted along a path based on set as
the polar angle settings. Choosing the Polar Tracking button in the Status Bar turns it on.
Remember that turning the polar tracking on, automatically turns off the ortho mode.

 Object Snap

When the Object Snap button is chosen in the Status Bar, we can use the running object snaps to
snap a point.

 Allow/Disallow Dynamic UCS

Choosing the button allows or disallows the use of dynamic UCS. Allowing the dynamic UCS
ensures that the XY plane of the UCS got dynamically aligned with the selected face of the
model.

 Dynamic Input
The Dynamic input button is used to turn the Dynamic Input on or off. Turning it on facilitates
the heads-up design approach because all commands, prompts and the dimensional inputs will
now be displayed in the drawing area and we do not need to look at the command prompt all the
time. This saves the design time and also increases the efficiency of the user.

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 Show/Hide Lineweight

Choosing this button in the Status Bar allows you to turn on or off the display of lineweights in
the drawing.

 Model
The Model button is chosen by default because you are working in the model space to create
drawings.

 Annotation Scale
The annotation scale controls the size and display of the annotative objects in the model space.
The Annotation Scale button has a drop-down list that displays all the annotation scales available
for the current drawing.

 Annotation Visibility
This button is used to control the visibility of the annotative objects that do not support the
current annotation scale in drawing area.

 Automatically Add Scale

This button, if chosen, automatically adds all the annotation scales that are set current to all the
annotative objects present in the drawing.

 Quick Properties
If you select a sketched entity when this button is chosen in the Status Bar, the properties of
selected entity will be displayed in a panel.

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COMMANDS

LINE

Line command is used to draw a continuing series of line segments, but each line segment is a
separate object. We can invoke the LINE command from the Draw toolbar, as shown in fig. 4

Figure 4 Draw Toolbar

We can also invoke the LINE command by entering LINE or L at the command
prompt. Once you have invoked the LINE command, the next prompt, the Specify first point,
requires us to specify the starting point. After first point is selected, AutoCAD will prompt you
to enter the second point at the Specify next point prompt. At this point we may continue to
select points or terminate the LINE command by pressing ENTER, ESC, or the SPACEBAR.
The prompt sequence of invoking LINE command is as follows:

Command: LINE > Enter

Specify first point: Move the cursor (mouse) and left click to specify the first point.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Move the cursor and left click to specify the second point.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify the third point.

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Enter.

(Press ENTER to exit LINE command.)

XLINE

The XLINE command can be used to draw construction or projection lines. These lines are the
lines that aid in construction or projection and are drawn very lightly, when manually drafting.
An xline (construction line) is a 3D line that extends to infinity at both ends. As the line is
infinite in length, it does not have any end points. The prompt sequence of invoking the XLINE
command is as follows:

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Command: XLINE > Enter

Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bsect/Offset]: Specify an option or select a point through which

the xline will pass.

PLINE

The PLINE command is used to draw a polyline. A polyline is a line that has different features.
The term POLYLINE can be broken into two parts: POLY and LINE. POLY means “many”.
This signifies that a poly line can have many lines. Some features of polylines are listed next.

Polylines can be thick lines with a desired width. They are very flexible and can be used to draw
any shape, such as a filled circle or a doughnut.

Polylines can be used to draw objects in any line type.

Advanced editing commands can be used to edit them (for example, the PEDIT command).

The command prompt for invoking the PLINE command is as follows:

Command: PLINE < Enter

Specify start point: Specify the starting point or enter its coordinates.

Current line width is nn.nnn

Current line width is nn.nnn is displayed automatically, which indicates the width of the
polyline drawn. If we need a different width, invoke the Width option at the next prompt and set
it. Next the following prompt is displayed.

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or enter an option.

POLYGON

A regular polygon is a closed geometric figure with equal sides. The number of side varies from
3 to 1024. For example, a triangle is a three sided polygon and a pentagon is a five sided
polygon. In AutoCAD, the POLYGON command is used to draw regular 2D polygons. A
polygon is said to be inscribed when it is drawn inside an imaginary circle and its vertices touch
the circle. Likewise, a polygon is circumscribed when it is drawn outside imaginary circle and
sides of polygon are tangent to circle. We can easily choose one option from these two available
options during the invoking process. The prompt sequence of invoking POLYGON command is
given next.

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Command: POLYGON < Enter

Enter number of sides <4>: Enter a value between 3 and 1024.

Specify center of polygon: Specify the center point or enter its coordinates.

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]: Enter I or C.

Specify radius of circle: Specify the radius of circle, which will inscribe or circumscribe the
polygon.

RECTANG

The RECTANG command is used to draw rectangles in AutoCAD. We can draw rectangles by
specifying two opposite corners of the rectangle, by specifying the area and the size of one of the
sides, or by specifying the dimensions of rectangles. The prompt sequence of invoking
RECTANG command is as follows:

Command: RECTANG < Enter

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify first corner

point or enter its coordinates.

Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: Specify opposite corner point or enter
its coordinates.

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 ARC

An arc is defined as a part of a circle. In AutoCAD, it can be drawn using the ARC command.
AutoCAD provides eleven different options to draw an arc. To view these options, click on
Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout option will appear as shown in fig. 5

Figure 5 Options in Menu Bar for Creating an Arc

The default setting is for creating a three point arc. The command prompt for invoking ARC
command is as follows:
Command: ARC < Enter

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify first point of arc or enter its coordinates.

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify the through point for arc or enter its
coordinates.

Specify the end point of arc: Specify the end point or enter its coordinates.

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 CIRCLE

The CIRCLE command is used to draw circles. AutoCAD provides six different options to draw
a circle. To view and choose from the available options, click on Draw option in the Menu Bar, a
flyout will appear as shown in fig. 6

Figure 6 Options in Menu Bar for creating a Circle

The default setting is for creating a circle with Center and Radius option. The other options can
be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the command window or by the method stated
earlier. The prompt sequence for invoking CIRCLE command is stated next.

Command: CIRCLE < Enter

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify center point or enter its
coordinates.

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Enter the required value of radius.

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 ELLIPSE

If a circle is observed from an angle, the shape is called an ellipse, which can be created in
AutoCAD using the ELLIPSE command. An ellipse can be created by two different options and
these options are grouped together in the Draw option of the Menu Bar as shown in fig.7

Figure 7 Options in Menu Bar for creating an Ellipse

The default setting is for creating an ellipse with Axis and End point option. The Other options
can be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the command window or by method stated
above. The prompt sequence for invoking ELLIPSE command is stated next.

Command: ELLIPSE < Enter

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Enter coordinates of axis end point or choose
an option.

Specify other endpoint of axis: Specify other end point or enter its coordinates.

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Specify distance to the other axis or [rotation]: Specify the half length of second axis.

ERASE

After drawing some objects, you may need to erase some of them from the screen. To erase, we
can use ERASE command in AutoCAD. This command is used exactly the same way as an
eraser is used in manual drafting to delete unwanted information. We can invoke ERASE
command from the Modify toolbar

Figure 8 Modify Toolbar

When we invoke the ERASE command, a small box, known as pick box, replaces the screen
cursor. To erase an object, move the pick box so that it touches the object. Select the object.
AutoCAD confirms the selection by changing the selected objects into dashed lines and the
select objects prompt returns again. We can continue selecting objects or press ENTER to
terminate object selection and erase the selected objects. The prompt sequence is given next.

Command: ERASE < Enter

Select objects: Select first object.

Select objects: Select second object.

Select objects: Enter

COPY

The COPY command is used to copy an existing object. This command makes copies of the
selected objects and places them at specified locations, but the orignals are left intact. In this
command we need to select the objects and specify the base point. Next we need to specify the
second point; this point is where we want the copied objects to be placed. The prompt sequence
that is followed when you invoke COPY command is given next.

Command: COPY < Enter

Select objects: Select objects to copy.

Select objects: Enter

Specify base point or [Displacement/mode] <Displacement>: Specify base point.

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Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Specify a new position on the screen
using pointing device or entering coordinates.

Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Enter

MIRROR

The MIRROR command creates a mirror copy of the selected objects. The objects can be
mirrored at any angle. This command is helpful in drawing symmetrical figures. This command
is available in Modify toolbar but it can be invoked by using command window as well. When
we invoke this command, AutoCAD prompts us to select the objects and then the mirror line.

After we select the objects to be mirrored, AutoCAD prompts you to enter the first point of
mirror line and the second point of mirror line. A mirror line is an imaginary line about which
objects are reflected. We can specify the end point of mirror line by specifying points on screen
or by entering their coordinates. The mirror line can be selected at any angle. The prompt
sequence of invoking MIRROR command is given next.

Command: MIRROR < Enter

Select objects: Select objects to be mirrored.

Select objects: Enter

Specify first point of mirror line: Specify the first endpoint.

Specify second point of mirror line: Specify the second endpoint.

Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Enter Y for deletion, N for retaining the objects.

OFFSET

To draw parallel lines, concentric circles, arcs, curves, and so on, we can use the OFFSET
command. This command creates another object that is similar to the selected one. Remember
that we are allowed to select only one entity at a time to be offset. While offsetting an object, we
can specify the offset distance and the side to offset, or we can specify a distance through which
you want to offset the selected object. The prompt sequence which follows when we invoke
OFFSET command using command window is given next.

Command: OFFSET < Enter

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: Specify the offset distance.

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{

Through Option

Using this option we do not need to specify a distance; we simply specify an offset point and the
distance between them is stored as offset distance.

Erase Option

The Erase option is used to specify whether the source object has to be deleted or not.

Layer Option

Use the Layer option to specify whether the offset entity will be placed in the current layer or the
layer of source object.

Specify the object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify the object to offset.

Specify point on side to offset or <Exit/Multiple/Undo>: Specify a point on side to offset.

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Select another object to offset or press Enter.

ARRAY

An array is defined as the method of creating multiple copies of the selected object and arranging
them in a rectangular or circular fashion. In some drawings, we may need to specify an object
multiple times in a rectangular or circular arrangement. For example, suppose you have to draw
six chairs around a table. This job can be accomplished by drawing each chair separately or by
using the COPY command to make multiple copies of the chair. But it is a very tedious process
and also the alignment of the chairs will have to be adjusted. Using ARRAY command, all we
need to do is create just one chair and the remaining five will be created and automatically
arranged around the table by the ARRAY command. This method is more efficient and less
time-consuming.

ARRAY command can be invoked by different methods such as from Modify toolbar, or by
making use of the Command Window, or from the Modify option of Menu Bar.

RECTANGULAR ARRAY

A rectangular array is formed by making copies of the selected object along the X and Y
directions of an imaginary rectangle (along rows and columns). It can be created by selecting the

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Rectangular Array button in the array dialog box (fig. 9) that appears on invoking ARRAY
command.

ROWS

This edit box is used to specify the number of rows in rectangular array.

COLUMNS

This edit box is used to specify the number of columns in the rectangular array.

Figure 9 Rectangular Array option in Array dialog box

Offset distance and direction Area

The options under this area are used to define the distance between the rows and the columns and
the angle of array.

Row Offset - This edit box is used to specify the distance between the rows. We can either
enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the Pick Row Offset button to define the row
offset distance by specifying two points on screen.

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 Column Offset - This edit box is used to specify the distance between the columns. We can
either enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the Pick Column Offset button to
define the column offset distance by specifying two points on screen.

Angle of Array - This edit box is used to define the angle of array. This is the value by which
the rows and columns will be rotated.

POLAR ARRAY

A polar array is an arrangement of the objects around a point in a circular fashion. This kind of
array is created by selecting the Polar Array button in the Array dialog box (fig. 10) that
appears on invoking ARRAY command.

Figure 10 Polar Array option in Array dialog box

CENTER POINT

The center point of the array is defined as the point around which the selected items will be
arranged. It is defined as the center point of the imaginary circle on whose circumference the
items will be placed. The coordinates of the center of array can be specified in the X and Y edit
boxes. We can either enter the values in these edit boxes or select the center point of array from
the screen using Pick Center Point button.

Method and values Area

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The options under this area are used to set the parameters related to the method that will be
employed to create the polar array.

Method - This drop-down list provides us three methods for creating the polar array. These
three methods are discussed next.

Total number of items & Angle to fill - This method is used to create a polar array
specifying number of items in array and the total included angle between the first and the last
item. The number of items and the angle to be filled can be specified in the Total number of
items and Angle to fill edit boxes respectively. We can also specify the angle to fill on screen by
choosing Angle to fill button provided.

Total number of items & Angle between items - This method is used when we want to
create a polar array by specifying the total number of items in the array and the included angle
between two adjacent items. The angle between items is also called as incremental angle. The
number items and the angle between the items can be specified in the Total number of items
and Angle between items edits boxes, respectively. We can also specify the angle between items
on the screen by choosing Angle between items button.

Angle to fill & Angle between items - This method is used when we want to specify angle
between the items and total angle to fill. In this case the number of items is not specified, but is
automatically calculated using the total angle and angle between the items. The angle to fill and
the angle between the items can be entered in their respective boxes.

MOVE

Sometimes the objects are not located where they should actually be. In these situations, we can
use the MOVE command. This command allows you to move one or more objects from their
current location to a new location. This change of location of the objects does not change their
size or orientation. On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be moved
and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be picked
and moved.

ROTATE

Sometimes we require an object or any sketch in angular position. In these situations, we can use
the ROTATE command. This command allows you to rotate one or more objects from their
current location to a specific angle. This change of the objects does not change their size. On
invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be rotated and the base point. This
base point is the reference point with which the object will be rotated.

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 SCALE

With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of any object or a sketch.
Sometimes we require an object in numbers, only with the difference of sizes. So in this
situation, we can use the SCALE command. This command allows you to scale one or more
objects from the selected base point. On invoking this command we are prompted to select
objects to be scaled and the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the
object will be scaled.

STRETCH

With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of some selected part of any
object in a specific direction. In this command, the sketch is stretched as much we required.
Sometimes we requires an object in numbers, only with the difference of sizes some part of the
sketched object. So in this situation, we can use the STRETCH command. This command allows
you to stretch the objects from the selected base point. On invoking this command we are
prompted to select the portion to be scaled with the help of green window and the base point.
This base point is the reference point with which the object will be stretched.

TRIM

With the use of this command, we can remove the line or any sketched entity. In this command,
the sketch is trimmed as much we required. It removes the extra drawn line or sketch as per our
specific requirement. This command allows you to trim the objects from the selected side. On
invoking this command, we have to right click in the drawing area and we are prompted to left
click on the portion to be trimmed.

EXTEND

With the use of this command, we can increase the line the line upto the specific point or
location. In this command, the sketch is extended as much we required. It removes the extra
drawn line or sketch as per our specific requirement. On invoking this command, we have to
right click in the drawing area and we are prompted to left click on the portion to be extended.

BREAK AT A POINT

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With the use of this command, we can break the line at a point where we required. In this
command, the sketch is broken from that point where we required. We can create the number of
break points as much we required. On invoking this command, we have to select the line and
after that click on that point from where we want to break the selected line, after using this
command the line or any selected entity will be converted into numbers.

BREAK

With the use of this command, we can break the line with a specific distance or upto a specific
point as much we required. On invoking this command, we have to select the point on the line
and after that click on that point upto where we want to break the line. After using this command
on the line or any selected entity, there will be space between the selected points in the line or
entity.

JOIN

With the use of this command, we can join the line drawn or placed in the same plane. On
invoking this command, we have to select the first line and after that second lines placed at the
same plane and then right click. After using this command, there will be no space between the
lines or entities.

CHAMFER

This command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this command, we have to
press A then ENTER, after that fill the distance and then ENTER, then fill the value of ANGLE
and ENTER, after that select the line on which we want to create the chamfer.

FILLET

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This command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this command, we have to
press R then ENTER, after that fill the value and then ENTER, after that selects the lines on
which we want to create the radius.

REGION

This command is used for converting the relation of LINE into POLYLINE. Before using this
command the sketch should be closed from all sides. On invoking this command, we have to
select all lines and then right click.

EXPLODE

This command is used for converting the relation of POLYLINE into LINE. On invoking this
command, we have to select the POLYLINE and then right click.

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 Exercise

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