ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15

EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE (SENA)

GESTIÓN LOGÍSTICA
BARRANCABERMEJA
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada
texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en
inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships are
as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires
little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of the business
name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep
accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss statement for the
business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue
Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus

other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate lower

than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import business
can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other sources. Sole
proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt retirement accounts.
(Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought to
protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner
may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the death or
disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

 o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.
vocabulario
Advantages: Circumstance or
situation that gives superiority in
something.
Disadvantages: Circumstance of
being worse or being in a worse
situation one thing with respect
to others of the same nature with
which it is compared. Less
favorable situation in which a
person or thing is with respect to
others with which it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally
authorized to advise and defend
the rights and interests of
another person in legal matters
and represent it in a lawsuit.
Without: Indica falta o carencia
de alguna cosa material o
inmaterial.
Proprietorships: Property rights
In the right, the domain or
property, is the direct and
immediate power over an object
or good, by which is attributed to
its owner the ability to dispose of
it, without further limitations than
those imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of
giving something back to
someone. It is a process that is
based on a right of possession of
a certain person with respect to
a certain good that was
delivered with some type of
specific objective.
significado
Ventajas: Circunstancia o
situación que da superioridad
en alguna cosa.
Desventajas: Circunstancia
de ser peor o estar en peor
situación una cosa respecto a
otras de la misma naturaleza
con la que se compara.
Situación menos favorable en
que se halla una persona o cosa
respecto a otras con las que se
compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente
autorizada para asesorar y
defender los derechos e
intereses de otra persona en
materia jurídica y representarla
en un pleito.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or
immaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el
dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato sobre
un objeto o bien, por la que se
atribuye a su titular la capacidad
de disponer del mismo, sin más
limitaciones que las que
imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución es
el acto de entregar algo
nuevamente a alguien. Es un
proceso de se sustenta en un
derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado bien
que fue entregado con algún
tipo de objetivo específico.
Applied: That puts effort,
interest and perseverance in the
accomplishment of a work or in
the development of an activity,
especially in the study.
Loans: A loan is an operation by
which a financial institution puts
at our disposal a certain amount
of money through a contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate
aptitude, talent, skill or ability
that a person holds to carry out
and of course with success,
certain activity, work
Losses: Small amount of blood
or discharge from the womb that
is abnormally expelled outside of
the menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin
origin that enters the formation
of names with the meaning of
'above', 'besides'.
Judgment: Faculty of
understanding, by virtue of
which man can distinguish good
from evil and true from false.
Income: Amount of money
earned or collected.
Little: That has a smaller size
than normal.
Sole: It applies to one or several
things of which or of whose
species there are no others.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo,
interés y constancia en la
realización de un trabajo o en el
desarrollo de una actividad, en
especial en el estudio.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es
una operación por la cual una
entidad financiera pone a
nuestra disposición una
cantidad determinada de dinero
mediante un contrato.
Habilidades: La habilidad es la
aptitud innata, talento, destreza
o capacidad que ostenta una
persona para llevar a cabo y por
supuesto con éxito,
determinada actividad, trabajo
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de
sangre o flujo procedente de la
matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del período
menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de
origen latino que entra en la
formación de nombres con el
significado de ‘por encima de’,
‘además de’.
Juicio: Facultad del
entendimiento, por cuya virtud
el hombre puede distinguir el
bien del mal y lo verdadero de
lo falso.
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero
ganada o recaudada.
Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño
menor de lo normal.
Único: Se aplica a una o varias
cosas de las cuales o de cuya
especie no hay otras.
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al
interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIN IDEAS

How to carry out a business

There are different forms of commercial organizations

The director controls all export and import operations

The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

The individual companies are governamental

The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate

The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción
literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a presente
progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a business
There's are different forms of There's are differenting forms of
commercial organizations commercial organizations
The director controls all export and The director controlling all export and
import operations import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and The sole proprietors are simple and
lows in costs low in costsing
The owners are in charges of make all The owners are in charge of making all
the decisions the decisions
The individual companies are The individual companying are
governamental governamental
 The individual owners have a lower The individual owners having a lower
rate than the tax rate rate than the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their The owners are responsible for their
business business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where the
sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front of the
business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than the tax
rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply
different processes why you should know what you should apply to have greater
knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even with a single
administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax aspects for
a better export or import in order to provide the company with better quality and good
recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach large countries for its
advertising and industry growth
Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de
formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato .doc
o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades propuestas,
saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.