Abstract

Increase in population has increased the number of automobiles leading to a

steep increase in traffic. Often Traffic jams occur due to the increase in the
number of vehicles on the road. An ambulance or any emergency vehicle stuck in
traffic is unable to move due to poor traffic signal control. This project aims at
providing a solution to the above problem by alerting or controlling the traffic
signal before the ambulance reaches the traffic signal using the concept of
Internet of Things(IoT). This system uses a central server to control the traffic
controllers. The traffic signal controller is implemented using ESP8266-12E.
The ambulance driver uses a web application to request the traffic controller to
make the signal green in which the ambulance is present. A low-cost system
which can be implemented throughout the city thereby reducing the number of
deaths due to traffic situations has been aimed at.

INTRODUCTION
The vehicle traffic in cities has been exponentially increased due to a large
number of vehicles plying on the road. Due to this heavy traffic, often traffic jams
occur on roads because of which the emergency vehicles like ambulance and fire
engines get stuck in traffic which may be the cause for losing human lives.
Current traffic control systems are a static case wherein vehicles have to wait
for a predefined amount of time until the microcontroller switches the green light
for that lane. If the ambulance is stuck near to the traffic signal, then the traffic
police can give priority to the ambulance by giving necessary symbol or signs to
the vehicles so that the ambulance can get out of the traffic as quickly as
possible. Moreover, if the emergency vehicles are stuck in a lane far from the
traffic signal, the siren of the ambulance is unable to reach the traffic police, in
which case the emergency vehicles have to wait until the traffic gets clear or we
have to depend on other vehicles to move aside which is not an easy task in
traffic situations.
The project proposes a system in which the ambulance driver can control the
 traffic signal using the web app developed. The ambulance driver can request the
traffic light to turn on green lights for the lane in which he is present. This way the
ambulance will be able to quickly skip the traffic and reach the destination as fast
as possible.

Problem statement:-
The design and implementation of this technique is directly targeted for traffic
management so that emergency vehicle on road gets clear way to reach their
destination in less time and without any human interruption.

With automatic traffic signal control based on the traffic density in the route, the
manual effort on the part of the traffic policeman is saved.

Source of Problem statement:-internet

IMPLEMENTATION(input/output)
The system is divided into three modules. First module is a software module which
consists of android and web application. Second module is the ambulance
module(ESP8266)ambulance module will continuously tracking (communicate)
with vehicle , traffic signal and android and web application. Third module is
hardware module of traffic signal implementation.

Objective of project:-
Whenever medical emergency vehicles or ambulance reaches to the accident spot.
This information will be sent to the hospital's server for further processes. On the
way whenever medical vehicles halts at the traffic signal, the ambulance driver will
send emergency command to the server. Also the current GPS coordinates of
ambulance is also sent to the server. At the server, depending upon the co-ordinates
of the medical vehicles , the nearest signal is detected and the emergency
command along with the direction is sent to that particular signal. Depending on
the direction received from the server that particular signal is made green.

Application:-
An idea is proposed in this paper for saving patient’s life in a fastest way possible.
So whenever ambulance halts at the signal, the ambulance driver sends emergency
command to the server along with the GPS co-ordinates. The nearest signal is
detected and emergency command is send to the particular signal. Depending on
the direction received from the server that particular signal is made green.
Considering the real time scenario, the system is improved by embedding GPS
navigation system. So we can reduce the chance of death rate during emergencies.

Literature surway:-

Sr.n Paper Author yea Description

o r
1 IMPROVED Mrs.ESha 201 In this project Due to rapid
TRAFFIC nthini.E1, 6 urbanization there is a need for
CONTROL Sreeja.G2 implementing an effective traffic
SYSTEMS FOR control systems to avoid heavy
EMERGENCY congestion. And also to make a
VEHICLE better solution for ambulance
CLEARANCE clearance helps to protect the
AND STOLEN human life.
VEHICLE
DETECTION
2 IoT BASED S.Dhivya, 201 In this paper Now a day many
TRAFFIC M.palani 8 people are died in accident
SIGNAL s.venkates because main reason some time’s
CONTROL FOR h delay occur before the person
AMBULANCE reaches the hospital in
ambulance. The emergency
condition, each and every
seconds are very important to
saving a patient’s life.
3 DESIGN AND B.Bhavani 201 This paper describes Nowadays
IMPLEMENTATI , 6 the road accidents in modern
ON OF Y.Vishwa urban areas are increased to
INTELLIGENT sri, uncertain level. The loss of
SMART B.Chandr human life due to accident is to
TRAFFIC akala3 be avoided. Traffic congestion
CONTROL and tidal flow are major facts that
SYSTEM FOR cause delay to ambulance. To bar
EMERGENCY loss of human life due to
AMBULANCE accidents we introduce a scheme
CLEARANCE Intelligent Traffic Control for
AND STOLEN Congestion,
VEHICLE
DETECTION
4 Intelligent Traffic B.Nandhu 201 Due to the heavy traffic in the
Control System Rathi1 , 7 road many people are suffering.
for Congestion M.Radha2 Even though there is traffic signal
Control, , available at various places it is
Emergency T.U.Sugit not easy to control the crowd. In
Vehicle Clearance ha3 , order to avoid traffic problem
and Stolen Vehicle V.Tharani heavily on the road, we designed
Detection 4 and and developed a system so called
V.Karthik as traffic controller with wireless
eyan5 control for ambulance and VIP
vehicles. I
Block Diagram:

Building APK File

MIT app inventor is a visual, drag-n-drop tool for building mobile apps on the
android platform. The Design Window, or simply designer is where we design
layout the look and feel of mobile app, and specify what functionalities it should
have. We can choose things for the user interface things like Buttons, Images, and
Text boxes, and functionalities like Text-to-Speech and much more[6].
 Figure3.18 Designer Block

One of the neatest things about App Inventor is that one can see and test your app
while you're building it, on a connected device. If you have an android phone or
tablet, follow the steps below. If you do not have a device, then follow the
instructions for setting up the on-screen emulator (opens a new page) and then
come back to this tutorial once you've gotten the emulator connected to App
Inventor.

Figure 3.19 Emulator

 Figure 3.20 Designer Block of app

The Blocks Editor is where we program the behavior of app. There are Built-in
blocks that handle things like math, logic, and text. Below that are the blocks that
go with each of the components in the app. In order to get the blocks for a certain
component to show up in the Blocks Editor, first we have to add that component to
your app through the Designer.
 Figure 3.21 Block Editor

Arduino IDE:

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors
and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.
The microcontroller on the board isprogrammed using the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on
Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with
software on running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).Arduino is a
cross-platoform program. You’ll have to follow different instructions for your
personalOS. Check on the Arduino site for the latest instructions.
http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

Once we have downloaded/unzipped the arduino IDE, you can Plug the Arduino
to PC via USB cable.

Now you’re actually ready to “burn” first program on the arduino board. To

select “blink led”, the physical translation of the well known programming “hello

world”, select File>Sketchbook> Arduino-0017>Examples>

Digital>Blink Once you have your skecth you’ll see something very close to the

screenshot on the right.In Tools>Board select MEGA Now you have to go to

Tools>SerialPort and select the right serial port, the one arduino is attached to.
Figure 3.23 Arduino compilation
Wi-fi Module Esp 8266 12e

ESP-12E WiFi module is developed by Ai-thinker Team. core processor ESP8266

in smaller sizes of the module encapsulates Tensilica L106 integrates industry-
leading ultra low power 32-bit MCU micro, with the 16-bit short mode, Clock
speed support 80 MHz, 160 MHz, supports the RTOS, integrated Wi-Fi
MAC/BB/RF/PA/LNA, on-board antenna. The module supports standard
IEEE802.11 b/g/n agreement, complete TCP/IP protocol stack. Users can use the
add modules to an existing device networking, or building a separate network
controller. ESP8266 is high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and
power constrained mobile platform designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to
embed Wi-Fi capabilities within other systems, or to function as a standalone
application, with the lowest cost, and minimal space requirement[8].
 Figure 3.24 Wi-fi Module ESP8266

How to add ESP 8266 library file in Arduino:

Before we are able to compile and upload a demo example, we need to prepare
Arduino IDE to work with ESP8266 boards[9].

This is relatively simple. Follow the steps below:

• Start Arduino.

• Select File → Preferences as shown below:

 Figure 3.25 File selection

• A dialog window would pop-up.

• The only thing we need to edit here is the field called “Additional Boards
Manager URLs:”. In the blank space we need to provide a link to the .json file
which would add ESP8266 support to Arduino. By the time of writing the correct
address is:

http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

Figure 3.26 Link To Download

• Click “OK” to apply the changes and close the dialog window

• Navigate to Tools → Board → Boards Manager… and install the esp8266

platform. A properly

installed library should show similar to this:

 Figure 3.27 Library Installation

• Now at the bottom of the selector Tools → Board you should see different
ESP8266 boards available[5] .

This is shown below:

Figure 3.28 Board Selection

Features wi-fi module are as follows:

 • 802.11 b/g/n
• Integrated low power 32-bit MCU
• Integrated 10-bit ADC
• Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
• Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching
network
• Integrated PLL, regulators, and power management units
• Supports antenna diversity
• WiFi 2.4 GHz, support WPA/WPA2
• Support STA/AP/STA+AP operation modes
• Support Smart Link Function for both Android and iOS devices
• SDIO 2.0, (H) SPI, UART, I2C, I2S, IR Remote Control, PWM, GPIO
• STBC, 1x1 MIMO, 2x1 MIMO
• A-MPDU & A-MSDU aggregation & 0.4s guard interval
• Deep sleep power < 5uA
• Wake up and transmit packets in < 2ms
• Standby power consumption of < 1.0mW (DTIM3)
• +20 dBm output power in 802.11b mode
• Operating temperature range -40C ~ 125C
• FCC, CE, TELEC, WiFi Alliance, and SRRC certified

The parameters of wi-fi module are as follows:

Table 3.3 Parameters of Wi-fi module
Categories Items Values
Certificates FCC/CE/TELEC/SRRC
WiFi Protocles 802.11 b/g/n
Frequency Range 2.4G-2.5G (2400M-2483.5M)
802.11 b: +20 dBm
Tx Power 802.11 g: +17 dBm
WiFi Parameters 802.11 n: +14 dBm
 802.11 b: -91 dbm (11 Mbps)
Rx Sensitivity 802.11 g: -75 dbm (54 Mbps)
802.11 n: -72 dbm (MCS7)

Types of Antenna PCB Trace, External, IPEX

Connector, Ceramic Chip
UART/SDIO/SPI/I2C/I2S/IR
Peripheral Bus Remote Control
GPIO/PWM
Operating Voltage 3.0~3.6V
Operating Current Average value: 80mA
Hardware Paramaters Operating Temperature -40°~125°
Range
Ambient Temperature Normal temperature
Range
Package Size 5x5mm
External Interface N/A
WiFi mode station/softAP/SoftAP+station
Security WPA/WPA2
Encryption WEP/TKIP/AES
Software Parameters Firmware Upgrade UART Download / OTA (via
network)
Ssoftware Supports Cloud Server
Development Development / SDK for
custom firmware
development
Network Protocols IPv4, TCP/UDP/HTTP/FTP
User Configuration AT Instruction Set, Cloud
Server, Android/ iOS App

Pin descriptions of wi-fi module are as follows:

Table 3.4 Pin Discription of ESP8266

NO. Pin Name Function
1 RST Reset the module
2 ADC A/D Conversion
result.Input voltage
range 0-1v,scope:0-
 1024
3 EN tage range 0-
1v,scope:0-1024 3 EN
C
4 IO16 GPIO16; can be used to
wake up the chipset
from deep sleep mode.

5 IO14 GPIO14; HSPI_CLK

6 IO12 GPIO12; HSPI_MISO
7 IO13 GPIO13; HSPI_MOSI;
UART0_CTS
8 VCC 3.3V power supply
(VDD)
9 CS0 Chip selection
10 MISO Salve output Main input
11 IO9 GPIO9
12 IO10 GBIO10
13 MOSI Main output slave input
14 SCLK Clock
15 GND GND
16 IO15 GPIO15; MTDO;
HSPICS; UART0_RTS
17 IO2 GPIO2; UART1_TXD
18 IO0 GPIO0
19 IO4 GPIO4
20 IO5 GPIO5
21 RXD UART0_RXD; GPIO3
22 TXD UART0_TXD; GPIO1

Ultra Low Power Technology

ESP8266EX has been designed for mobile, wearable electronics and Internet of
Things applications with the aim of achieving the lowest power consumption with
a combination of several proprietary techniques. The power saving architecture
operates mainly in 3 modes: active mode, sleep mode and deep sleep mode.
By using advance power management techniques and logic to power-down
functions not required and to control switching between sleep and active modes,
ESP8266EX consumes about than 60uA in deep sleep mode (with RTC clock still
running) and less than 1.0mA or less than 0.5mA to stay connected to the access
point. When in sleep mode, only the calibrated real-time clock and watchdog
remains active. The real-time clock can be programmed to wake up the
ESP8266EX at any required interval. The ESP8266EX can be programmed to
wake up when a specified condition is detected. This minimal wake-up time
feature of the ESP8266EX can be utilized by mobile device SOCs, allowing them
to remain in the low-power standby mode until WiFi is needed. In order to satisfy
the power demand of mobile and wearable electronics, ESP8266EX can be
programmed to reduce the output power of the PA to fit various application
profiles, by trading off range for power consumption[8].

Major fields of ESP8266EX applications to Internet-of-Things include:

• Home Automation
• Home Appliances
• Smart Plug and lights
• Mesh Network
• Industrial Wireless Control
• Baby Monitors
• IP Cameras
• Sensor Networks
• Wearable Electronics
• WiFi Location-aware Devices
• Security ID Tags
• WiFi Position System Beacons

NEO-6MV2 GPS Module

 NEO-6MV2 GPS Module NEO-6MV2 GPS Module Pinout

The NEO-6MV2 is a GPS (Global Positioning System) module and is used for
navigation. The module simply checks its location on earth and provides output
data which is longitude and latitude of its position.It is from a family of stand-
alone GPS receivers featuring the high performance u-blox 6 positioning engine.
These flexible and cost effective receivers offer numerous connectivity options in a
miniature (16 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm) package. The compact architecture, power and
memory options make NEO-6 modules ideal for battery operated mobile
devices with very strict cost and space constraints. Its Innovative design
gives NEO-6MV2 excellent navigation performance even in the most challenging
environments.

NEO-6MV2 GPS Module Pin Configuration

The module has four output pins and we will describe the function each pin of
them below. The powering of module and communication interface is done
through these four pins.

Pin Name Description

VCC Positive power pin

RX UART receive pin

TX UART transmit pin

 GND Ground

Features and Electrical Characteristics

 Standalone GPS receiver

 Anti-jamming technology
 UART Interface at the output pins (Can use SPI ,I2C and USB by soldering pins
to the chip core)
 Under 1 second time-to-first-fix for hot and aided starts
 Receiver type: 50 Channels - GPS L1 frequency - SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS,
MSAS, GAGAN)
 Time-To-First-fix: For Cold Start 32s, For Warm Start 23s, For Hot Start <1s
 Maximum navigation update rate: 5Hz
 Default baud rate: 9600bps
 EEPROM with battery backup
 Sensitivity: -160dBm
 Supply voltage: 3.6V
 Maximum DC current at any output: 10mA
 Operation limits: Gravity-4g, Altitude-50000m, Velocity-500m/s
 Operating temperature range: -40ºC TO 85°C

Overview of the NEO-6MV2 GPS Module

This module is one of popular GPS modules on the market and is also cheap to
buy. The location data provided by it is accurate enough to satisfy most
applications. And for it to be included in smart phones and tablets design points out
its efficiency. This module is famous among hobbyist and engineers altogether
who want to work on applications involving navigation.

How to use the NEO-6MV2 GPS Module

Getting this module to work is very easy. For the application circuit below we have
connected the power to board and interfaced the output to the microcontroller
UART to get it done.
 After circuitry you need to set the baud rate of the controller matching the module,
if it’s not matched you will get error. With baud rate setting done you can read the
serial data directly from the module. This data will be longitude and latitude values
and the user can play with them as desired.
The raw values provided by the module are cumbersome to read directly and so a
simple decimal calculation can be done in programming for getting easy to read
values.

Applications

 GPS application
 Smart phone and tablets
 Navigation systems
 Drones
 Hobby projects
 2-D Model

5mm Round LED

5mm Round LED LED Pinout

 Pin Configuration

Pin Name Description

Anode Positive terminal of LED

Cathode Negative terminal of LED

Features and Technical Specifications

 Superior weather resistance

 5mm Round Standard Directivity
 UV Resistant Eproxy
 Forward Current (IF): 30mA
 Forward Voltage (VF): 1.8V to 2.4V
 Reverse Voltage: 5V
 Operating Temperature: -30℃ to +85℃
 Storage Temperature: -40℃ to +100℃
 Luminous Intensity: 20mcd

Brief Description
An LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source, which emits lights when
activated. When an appropriate voltage is applied to the LED terminal, then the
electrons are able to recombine with the electron holes within the device and
release energy in the form of photons. This effect is known as electroluminescence.
The color of the LED is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.
LED Color Forward Voltage

Red 1.63 ~ 2.03V

Yellow 2.10 ~ 2.18V

Orange 2.03 ~ 2.10V

Blue 2.48 ~ 3.7V

Green 1.9 ~ 4.0V

Violet 2.76 ~ 4.0V

UV 3.1 ~ 4.4V

White 3.2 ~ 3.6V

Applications

 Indication
 Toys & Games
 Lighting Products
 Electronic projects
 CONCLUSION

Death due to ambulance delay is one of the important issues which are faced
by most of the countries in the world. During the emergency situation, the
Traffic signal switches to green and allows the ambulance to pass through the
road intersections. This method can help the ambulance to reach the hospital
with lesser time consumption. In critical situations, this system can help save
lives which would not have been possible otherwise.

REFERENCES:-
[1] Intelligent Ambulance with Traffic Control (Gargi Beri, Pankaj Ganjare,
Amruta Gate, Ashwin Channawar, Vijay Gaikwad)

[2] An Intelligent Ambulance with some Advance features of Telecommunication

(Pratyush Parida, Sudeep Kumar Dhurua, P. Santhi Priya)

[3] Automated Emergency System in Ambulance to Control Traffic Signals using

IoT (Dr. A. Balamurugan, G. Navin Siva Kumar, S. Raj Thilak, P. Selvakumar)

: [4] Smart Traffic Control System Using Image Processing (Prashant Jadhav,
Pratiksha Kelkar, Kunal Patil, Snehal Thorat):

[5] Ambulance Controlled Traffic System Using RFID Technology with

LabVIEW Simulation (S. Chandrakanth Sagar, Dr. M. Narayana)

[6] Intelligent Ambulance Rescue System (Nangare Yogini K. and Prof. Hate S.G)

[7] Mr.S.Iyyappan 1, Mr.V.Nandagopal “Automatic Accident Detection And

Ambulance Rescue with Intelligent Traffic Light System”
[8] Mrs Manasi Patil, Aanchal Rawat, Prateek Singh, Srishtie dixit” Accident
Detection and Ambulance Control using Intelligent Traffic Control System”

[9] Prof.Mrs.Bhagya Lakshmi V, Prof.Savitha Hiremath, Prof.Sanjeev Mhamane “

FPGA Based Vehicle Tracking and Accident Warning using GPS”

[10] Niketa Chellani, Chirag Tahilyani Student, Electronics and

Telecommunication Dept., TSEC, Mumbai University “ Traffic Congestion
Detection and Control using RFID Technology “.