Chinese Design Code DL T 5180 2003

DL 5180-2003 www.ccc-uus.
com
Your fastesst way to enter China market
ICS 227.140
P 59
File n
number: J229-22003
Electric-power Industtrial Sttandard

d of the Peop
ple’s
Repu
ublic off Chinaa
P DL 5180—20003
S
Superseding SDJ 12-19778, SDJ 2177-1987
Classificattion and d
design saafety stan
ndard of h
hydropow
wer projeects
Issuance D
Date 20033-01-09 Effecttive Date 22003-06-001
State Ecoonomic and

d Trade Commission oof the People's Republlic of
Relleased by
China
DL 5180-2003 www.ccc-us.com
Your fastest way to enter China market
Table of Contents
Foreword
1 Scope ……………………………………………………5
2 Normative references ……………………………………………………6
3 Basic requirements ……………………………………………………7
4 Terms and definitions ……………………………………………………8
5 Scale of project and grade of structure ………………………………12
6 Design standard of flood control …………………………………………16
7 Anti-seismic design standard ……………………………………………………20
8 Freeboard of structure ……………………………………………………21
9 Safety standard for overall stability of structure ……………………………23
10 Anti-sliding stability safety standard for slopes in structures ………………24
This Standard in English is translated 2 info@ccc-us.com

by CCC US Office in Quality Level Three
Foreword
All technical contents of this standard are mandatory.

SDJ12-1978 <Classification and design standards of water conservancy and hydropower
projects (mountainous, hilly areas) > and SDJ217-1987 < Classification and design
standards of water conservancy and hydropower projects (plain, coastal areas) > were
issued successively in year 1978 and 1987 as the trial. In year 1990, the supplementary
provisions of the mountainous, hilly areas were issued. The implementation of these
standards played a significant guiding role in the construction of China's hydropower
projects.
Since the issuance and the implementation of the above standards for more than 20 years,
hydropower engineering technology in China has made a great progress; the levels of
design, construction and management are improved constantly, and a lot of new
experiences have been accumulated; at the same time, the technology standard system
related to hydropower project construction is gradually perfected, some provisions in the
original standards are not coordinated and unified well with the design codes of hydraulic
structures formulated or revised later, especially after the issuance of GB50201-1994
<Flood control standard > and GB50199-1994 <Unified design standard for reliability of
hydraulic engineering structures>, original <Classification and design standards of water
conservancy and hydropower projects> is urgently needed to be modified, supplemented
and perfected.
According to the arrangement of <Notification about the order of drafting, revising the
planning projects of the electric power industry standards in year 1997> (Integrated
Science [1998] No. 28 File) issued by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry,
China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. organized the revision of SDJ12-
1978 and SDJ217-1987. The revised standard merged the mountainous, hilly areas in the
original standards with plain, coastal areas, and made the necessary supplementation and
amendment, and was renamed as <Classification and design safety standards of
hydropower projects>.
Compared with SDJ12 - 1978, SDJ217 - 1987 and the supplementary provisions of
SDJ12 - 1978, this standard has the following major modifications:
— The normative references and the explanation of the terms are added;
— the grading indexes of hydropower projects are unified and simplified;
— the dam height index of the dam upgrading level is adjusted;
— The specific conditions of the downgrading level of the low head hydropower station
are defined;
— the flood design standards of structures are coordinated and unified;
— the provisions of the anti-seismic design standard of structures are added:
— the overall stability of the structure safety standards are added;
— The provisions of the anti-sliding stability safety standard of the slope of the
structures are added;
— the clause explanations are added.
Since the date of implementation, this standard places SDJ12-1978, SDJ217 - 1987 and
the supplementary provisions of SDJ12-1978.

This standard was proposed, administered and explained responsibly by the Hydropower
and water conservancy planning and design standardization technical committee.
This standard is mainly drafted by the China Hydropower Consultants Co., Ltd.
The units participating in the drafting of this standard: Central South Survey and Design
Institute, Northwest Survey and Design Institute and Beijing Survey and Design Institute.
The main drafters of this standard: Wang Baile, Zhou Jianping, Zhu Tiezheng, Wang
Xiaorun, Yuan Jiu, Shen Yisheng, Yang Duogen, Liang Wenhao, Li Yuan, Liu
Minghong, Zhou Rushi, Zhong Tingying,.

1. Scope
1.0.1 This Standard specifies the technical indexes for classifications of hydropower
projects (including pumped-storage power stations), and classifications of hydraulic
structures, as well as the design standards of flood control , freeboard, anti-seismic
design , safety of overall stability and anti-sliding stability safety of slope.
1.0.2 This Standard is applicable to the design of newly built large, medium and small-
sized hydropower projects, including the design of pumped-storage power stations. This
Standard is also applicable to the design and safety assessment of reconstruction and
extension of existed hydropower projects as reference.
1.0.3 The classification and design safety standards of structures in hydropower projects
serving for flood control , irrigation , water supply, navigation , log and fish passage, as
well as road and bridge , etc., shall be determined at the same time by referring to the
relevant provisions issued by the related professional authorities.
2. Normative References
The following normative references contain the provisions which, through reference in
this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated reference, subsequent
amendments (excluding error correction) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do
not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative
references below. For undated references, the latest editions of the normative document
referred to applies
GB/T 17742-1999 Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale
GB 18306 - 2001 Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China
GB 50201 -1994 Standard for Flood Control
GB 50199 Unified design standard for reliability of hydraulic engineering structures
DL/T 5057 Design Code for Hydraulic Concrete structures
DL 5073 Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures
DL 5077 Specifications for load design of hydraulic structures
DL 5108 Design specification for concrete gravity dams
SD 335 Design Code for Hydropower House
3. Basic requirements
3.0.1 The scale of hydropower projects and the grade of hydraulic structures and their
design safety standards shall be determined based on the provisions in this Standard
3.0.2 For the structural design of hydraulic structures, the basic principles and methods of
reliability design shall be adopted through taking structural target reliability or partial
factors as the design safety standard. For the design standards not using the structural
reliability theory, the definite value design method may be used by taking safety factors
as the design standard
3.0.3 A 100-year design reference period shall be adopted for grade 1 permanent water
retaining structures, and a 50-year design reference period shall be adopted for other

permanent structures. For a temporary structure, the design reference period shall be
determined on the basis of the desired and possibly prolonged service life.
3.0.4 For giant and particularly important hydropower projects, the design reference
periods and design safety standards for their hydraulic structures may be specially studied
and justified, and the results shall be submitted to the authorities for review and approval
4. Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions are applicable to this Standard
4.0.1
Hydropower complex or hydroelectric project
A complex, mainly for power generation, composed of water retaining and releasing
structures, water diversion system, power house, switch yard , etc.. For comprehensive
utilization of water resources, the hydropower project sometimes needs to incorporate
hydraulic structures with the other functions of flood control, irrigation , water supply,
silt flushing , navigation, log pass and fish pass etc., the project structure may include the
hydraulic structures with these functions.
4.0.2
Hydraulic structure
A general term for various separated works of a hydropower project , including water
retaining and releasing structures, water conveyance structures, power houses, switch
yards, navigation structures, log pass structures, fish pass structures, etc.
4.0.3
water retaining structure
A type of hydraulic structure of the hydropower project that blocks river flow to raise
water level such as dam, barrage and water retaining power house
4.0.4
Pumped storage power station
A type of hydropower station with both functions of pumped storage and power
generation , which pumps water from a lower reservoir into an upper one, by using
energy during off-peak hours in the power grid, and generates electricity by releasing
water from the upper reservoir during on-peak hours. According to its development mode,
it is classified into three types, i.e. pure pumped storage one, mixed pumped storage one
and water transfer pumped storage one
4.0.5
Design safety standard
The design safety standard consists of the design standards for flood control , seismic
design, freeboard, overall and local safety of structures. The structure design safety
standard means the structure's minimum abilities, including safety, adaptability and
durability of structure, for meeting the predetermined different functional requirements
under the normal operation conditions. It is a target reliability expressed by the
probability, or a minimum design safety factor expressed by the safety factor.
4.0.6
Structure reliability and reliability index β

The probability performing the predetermined functions for a structure under the
specified period and conditions is called as the structure reliability. The reliability indexβ
is a quantitative measure for the structure reliability. It substitutes the failure probability
Pf and is defined as Φ-1(1-Pf), where Φ-1(.) is an inverse function with a standardized
normal distribution.
4.0.7
Project scale or rank of project
The hydropower projects are classified based on the project construction scale, in line
with reservoir capacity and installed capacity of the project, in order to meet the different
design safety standards and requirements for the management at different grades. Projects
are divided into five scales (I~V), namely, large-size (1), large-size (2), medium-size,
small-size (1) and small-size (2) projects.
4.0.8
Grade of hydraulic structure
Grade is the reflection of the different requirements of the design safety standard on the
hydraulic structure based on the project scale it belongs to and their role and importance
in a project. In a particular hydropower project. the grade of a permanent structure is
higher than that of a temporary one; the grade of a main structure is higher than that of a
secondary one. The higher the grade of a hydraulic structure is, the higher the design
safety standard.
4.0.9
Maximum reservoir capacity
The static capacity below the maximum operating level of reservoir. In general, it is the
static capacity below the check flood level.
4.0.10
Design standard for flood control
The ability of a hydraulic structure against flood under the specified conditions,
expressed generally by a flood recurrence interval. The design standard for flood control
of a hydropower project in the coastal area affected by tidal stage is expressed by a
recurrence interval of the tidal water level.
4.0.11
Design flood
One of the design standards of flood control, also termed as the normal operating flood,
which means that the safety of a hydraulic structure or the normal operation of a flood
control facility can be assured when this standard flood occurs.
4.0.12
Check flood
One of the design standards of flood control, also termed as the abnormal operating flood,
which means that when this standard flood occurs, the secondary structures are allowed
to be damaged on the premise of guaranteeing the main structure's safety by using
abnormal operating measures. The check flood, a flood standard higher than the design
flood, is used for improving the project's safety and reliability and for checking the safety
of main hydraulic structure. In this case, the safety factor may be lowered properly.
4.0.13
Freeboard

A height of the dam crest (sometimes the top of wave wall) above reservoir's normal
flood level, abnormal flood level or normal storage level.
4.0.14
Mountain area & hill area
Areas with undulating ground surfaces, mountains and continuous hills, mostly having a
slope of larger than 2° or a height difference of above 20 m. In the engineering sense, it
also includes the areas where the water retaining height of structure is higher than 15 m
with a maximum head difference of larger than 10m between upstream and downstream
sides.
4.0.15
Plain area & seashore area
Areas with flat and wide ground surface, mostly having a slope of less than 2°, or a
height difference of below 20 m as well as the area adjoining the sea impacted by tidal
water levels. In the engineering sense, it also includes the areas where the water retaining
height of structure is lower than 15 m with a maximum head difference of less than 10 m
between the upstream and downstream sides.
5. Scale of Project and Grade of structure

5.0.1 Hydropower projects (including pumped-storage power stations), shall be classified
into five scales by the maximum reservoir capacity and installed capacity, based on its
importance in the construction of national economy, as shown in Table 5.0.1.
Table 5.0.1 Classification of Hydropower Projects
Maximum reservoir
Project scale Project size Installed capacity MW
capacity m3
I Large-size (1) ≥10 ≥1200
<10 <1200
II Large-size (2)
≥1 ≥300
<1.00 <300
III Medium-size
≥0.10 ≥50
<0.10 <50
IV Small-size (1)
≥0.01 ≥10
V Small-size (2) <0.01 <10
Note: The relationship of flood control of hydropower projects with respect to the project
scale is determined by the relevant provisions in GB50201-1994 Standard for Flood
Control.
5.0.2 For a multi-purpose hydropower project, if its maximum reservoir capacity and
installed capacity fall into different scales, the higher scale shall be taken.
5.0.3 Hydraulic structures shall be classified into five grades according to the project
scale, and their role and importance in the project, as shown in Table 5.0.3.
Table 5.0.3 Classification of Hydraulic structures

Permanent hydraulic structure

Project scale
Main structure Secondary structure
I 1 3
II 2 3
III 3 4
IV 4 5
V 5 5
5.0.4 For grades 2~5 hydraulic structures that will cause great losses or very severe
consequences after a failure, their grades may be raised by one grade through technical
and economic assessment, and the design standards for flood control may be raised
accordingly, but anti-seismic design standards shall remain the same.
5.0.5 For water retaining structures determined as grades 2~3 according to Table 5.0.3, if
their dam heights exceed those shown in Table 5.0.5, their grades are preferably to be
raised by one grade, and the design standards for flood control raised accordingly, but
anti-seismic design standards shall remain the same.
Table 5.0.5 Dam Height Indexes for Raising Grade of Water retaining structures
Original grade of water retaining structure 2 3
Dam height Earth dam, rockfill dam 100 80

(m)
Concrete dam. masonry dam 150 120
5.0.6 For grades 2 - 5 hydraulic structures built on foundation with very complicated
engineering geological conditions, or built with new-type structures without sufficient
practical experience, their grades may be raised by one grade, but the design standards for
flood control and anti-seismic design standards shall remain the same.
5.0.7 If the scale of a project is determined only by installed capacity, the grades of water
retaining and releasing structures may be lowered by one grade through technical and
economic assessment. If the scale of a project is decided only by gross storage capacity of
reservoir, the grades of powerhouse and water diversion system structures may be
lowered by one grade through technical and economic assessment.
5.0.8 For grades 1~4 low head water retaining structures (maximum head less than 30 m),
if the scale of the project is determined only by gross storage capacity of reservoir, their
grades may be lowered by one grade when one of the following conditions is met.
(a) Gross reservoir storage being close to the lower limit of the indexes for classification;
(b) Difference in upstream and downstream water levels being less than 2 m under
abnormal flood;
(c) Maximum head of water retaining structure being less than 10 m.
5.0.9 The grades of temporary water retaining and releasing structures during
construction shall be determined in accordance with the importance of objects to be
protected, hazard extent from failure, service life and size of temporary structures, as
shown in Table 5.0.9.

Table 5.0.9 Grade of Temporary Hydraulic structure
Structure size
Objects to be Service life Reservoir
Grade Hazard extent from failure Height
protected (year) storage
(m)
(108m3)
Inundating major cities
Grade 1 and towns, industrial and
permanent mining enterprises, main
hydraulic roads, or delaying total
3 >3 >50 >1.0
structure with construction period and 1st
special unit commissioning, thus
requirements resulting in heavy damage
and losses
Inundating common cities
and towns, industrial and
mining enterprises, or
Grades 1 and 2
having an influence on
permanent
4 total construction period 3~2 50~15 1.0~0.1
hydraulic
and 1st unit
structure
commissioning, thus
resulting in relatively large
losses
Inundating foundation pit,
but not having large
Grades 3 and 4
impact on total
permanent
5 construction period and 1st <2 <15 <0.1
hydraulic
unit commissioning, thus
structure
resulting in a smaller
economic losses
Note: Temporary hydraulic: structures refer to structures used only during construction of the
project such as cofferdam, diversion tunnel, diversion channel, temporary retaining wall, ate..
In this Standard, the temporary hydraulic structure is limited to temporary water retaining and
releasing structures.
5.0.10 If a temporary hydraulic structure is classified into different grades based on Table
5.0.9, the higher grade shall be taken. For grade 3 temporary hydraulic structure, at least
two specified indexes shall be met, that means the indexes for structure height and
reservoir storage shall both be met.
5.0.11 When a temporary hydraulic structure is used for retaining water to generate
power, its grade may be raised by one grade through technical and economic assessment.
5.0.12 The structural safety class of a hydraulic structure, when designed or checked with
reliability theory for structural safety, shall be determined according to the grade of the

hydraulic structure as shown in Table 5.0.12. The structural safety class of a foundation is
the same as that of the corresponding hydraulic structure.
Table 5.0.12 Structural Safety Class of Hydraulic structure
Structural safety class of hydraulic
Grade of hydraulic structure
structure
1 1
2,3 2
4,5 3
6. Design Standard of Flood Control

6.0.1 The design standard of flood control for hydraulic structures shall be determined
separately based on project's location, Le, mountain and hill areas, or plain and coastal
(seashore) areas.
6.0.2 For hydraulic structures located in mountain and hill areas, if their water retaining
heights are below 15 m and the maximum difference between upstream and downstream
water levels are below 10 m, their design standard of flood control is preferably to be
determined in accordance with that for plain and coastal (seashore) areas. For hydraulic
structures located in plain and coastal (seashore) areas, if their water retaining heights are
above 15m and the maximum difference between the upstream and downstream water
levels are above 10m, the design standard of flood control shall be determined in
accordance with that for the mountain and hill areas.
6.0.3 For cascade development of a river, the design standard of flood control for the
hydraulic structures in all the cascade hydropower projects shall be determined
harmoniously and reasonably, as a whole in combination with the planning scheme for
the comprehensive regulation and hydropower development of the watershed.
6.0.4 The design standard of flood control for the permanent water retaining and
releasing structures of a hydropower project (including pumped-storage power stations)
in mountain and hill areas shall be determined in accordance with Table 6.0.4.
Table 6.0.4 Design Standard of Flood Control for Permanent Water retaining and
Dam type Grade of permanent water retaining and structure

releasing
1 2 3 4 5
Recurrence interval of normal 1000~500 500~100 100-50 50-30 30~20
operating flood (year)
Recurrence Earth dam, PMF or 5000~200 2000- 1000- 300~200
interval of rockfill dam 10000~50 0 1000 300
abnormal 00
operating Concrete dam, 5000~200 2000- 1000- 500~2 200~100
flood, year masonry dam 0 1000 500 00
Note: PMF - probable maximum flood

6.0.5 For earth dam, rockfill dam and their water releasing structures, if their failures will
result in significant disasters downstream, PMF or a 10,000-year flood shall be taken as
the abnormal operating flood for the permanent water retaining and releasing structures
of grade 1; the abnormal operating flood standards for the permanent water retaining and
releasing structures of grades 2-4 may be raised by one grade.
6.0.6 For concrete dam and masonry dam, if overtopping will cause very severe losses, a
10,000-year flood may be taken as the abnormal operating flood for water retaining and
releasing structures of grade 1 through a special assessment, subject to the approval from
the relevant authorities.
6.0.7 If a pumped-storage power station has a relatively large installed capacity and small
storage capacity of upper and lower reservoirs, and will not cause large disaster
downstream from failure, the design standard of flood control for water retaining and
releasing structures may be determined in accordance with the grade of the powerhouse,
as shown in Table 6.0.9; if a severe disaster and a long-term influence on project's
benefits will result from the failure of the project, the design standard of flood control for
water retaining (both the upper and lower reservoirs) and releasing structures are
preferably to be determined by the lower limits specified in Table 6.0.4.
6.0.8 The design standard of flood control for energy dissipation and erosion protection
structures of hydropower projects in mountain and hill areas may be lower than that for
the corresponding releasing structures and shall be determined according to the grade of
the releasing structures as shown in Table 6.0.8. In case of the flood below the normal
operating flood, the energy dissipation and erosion protection structures shall be capable
of avoiding unfavorable erosion and deposition; in case of the flood above the normal
operating flood, they shall be permitted to have local damages, which will be repairable
and not endanger the safety of the dam and other main structures. If the local damages on
energy dissipation and erosion protection structures will endanger the safety of the water
retaining structure, a study shall be conducted to check those structures by using normal
operating flood or abnormal operating flood.
Table 6.0.8 Design Standard of Flood Control for Energy Dissipation and Erosion
Protection Structure of Hydropower Project in Mountain and Hill Areas
Grade of permanent releasing
1 2 3 4 5
structure
Recurrence interval of
100 50 30 20 10
normal operating flood (year)
6.0.9 The design standard of flood control for powerhouses in mountain and hill areas
shall be determined according to the grade of powerhouse as shown in Table 6.0.9. The
design standard of flood control for a water retaining powerhouse shall be the same as
that for its water retaining structure. The design standards for auxiliary structures such as
auxiliary plant, main transformer yard, switch yard, outgoing line yard and access tunnel
shall be the same as that for the powerhouse.
Table 6.0.9 Design Standard of Flood Control for Hydropower Houses in Mountain and
Hill Areas
Grade of powerhouse 1 2 3 4 5
Recurrence interval of 200 200~ 100~ 50~30 30~20

normal operating flood (year) 100 50

abnormal operating flood 1000 500 200 100 50
(year)
6.0.10 The design standard of flood control for permanent water retaining and releasing
structures and powerhouse of hydropower project in plain area shall be determined in
accordance with Table 6.0.10.
Table 6.0.10 Design Standard of Flood Control for Permanent Water retaining and
Releasing Structures and Powerhouse of Hydropower Station In Plain Area
Grade of structure 1 2 3 4 5
normal operating flood 300~100 100~50 50~20 20~10 10
( year)
abnormal operating flood 2000~1000 1000-300 300~100 100~50 50-20
( year)
6.0.11 The design standard of tide control for the permanent hydraulic structure of
hydropower project in tidal reach or coastal (seashore) area shall be determined according
to the grade of the structure as shown in Table 6.0.11. For the structures of grades 1 and 2,
if the design tidal level determined with Table 6.0.11 is lower than the recorded highest
tidal level in the locality, a check shall be made by using the recorded highest tidal level.
Table 6.0.11 Design Standard of Tidal Control for Permanent Hydraulic structure of
Hydropower Project in Tidal Reach or Coastal (Seashore) Area
Grade of structure 1 2 3 4,5
Recurrence interval of design
~100 100-50 50~20 20
tidal level ( year)
6.0.12 The design standard of flood control for temporary hydraulic structure shall be
determined according to the type and grade of the structure within the range given in
Table 6.0.12 on a comprehensive analysis basis. If failure will cause severe consequences,
it shall be considered to take an emergency measure against the flood above the design
standard.
Table 6 0 12 Design Standard of Flood Control for Temporary Hydraulic structure
Grade of temporary structure 3 4 5
Recurrence interval for earth and rock
50~20 20~10 10~5
structure (year)
Recurrence interval for concrete
20~10 10~5 5~3
structure( year)
6.0.13 The design standard for temporary flood protection of the dam body during
construction shall be determined according to the dam type and storage impounded by the
dam as shown in Table 6.0.13. The design standard may be raised or lowered properly in

accordance with the consideration of the impact on the downstream area from a possible
failure through the relevant technical and economic assessment.
Table 6.0.13 Design Standard of Flood Control for Flood Protection of Dam Body during
Construction
Impounded storage, 108m)
Dam type
>100 100~10 <10
Recurrence interval for earth and rockfill
>100 100~50 50~20
dams ( year)
Recurrence interval for concrete and masonry
>50 50~20 20~10
dams ( year)
6.0.14 After the discharge structures for river diversion are blocked up, if permanent
releasing structures have not reached the designed discharging capacity, the design
standard for flood protection of the dam body during construction shall be determined in
accordance with Table 6.0.14 through analysis on the requirements for the construction
and operation of the dam.
Table 6.0.14 Design Standard of Flood Control of Dam Body after Blocking up River
Diversion Structure during Construction in Flood Period
Grade of dam
Dam type
1 2 3
Recurrence interval of normal
500~200 200-100 100-50
Earth dam operating flood (year)
and rockfill Recurrence interval of
dam abnormal operating flood 1000-500 500-200 200~100
(year)
Recurrence interval of normal
Concrete 200~100 100-50 50-20
operating flood (year)
dam and
masonry
abnormal operating flood 500-200 200-100 100~50
dam
(year)
7. Anti-seismic design standard

7.0.1 A hydraulic structure shall be capable to withstand the seismic effect within the
design intensity, and some local damages, if any, caused by the earthquake, will not
endanger safety of the structure and the structure shall be operated normally after being
repaired.
7.0.2 Generally, the site basic seismic intensity is taken as the design seismic intensity.
For the water retaining structure of grade1, the design seismic intensity may be one grade
higher than the basic intensity.
7.0.3 The site basic seismic intensity shall be determined in accordance with GB/T 17742
Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale; the corresponding seismic ground motion parameters
shall be determined with GB 18306 Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of
China.

7.0.4 For a project conforming to either of the following conditions, a special seismic
hazard analysis shall be carried out:
(a) The large-size (1) project with a basic seismic intensity VI or above and a dam height
of above 200 m or a maximum reservoir capacity of more than 10x109m3.
(b) The large-size (1) project with a basic seismic intensity VII or above and a dam height
of over 150 m.
As the anti-seismic design standard, an exceedance probability (P100) of 0.02 in a
reference period 100 years shall be taken for water retaining structures; an exceedance
probability (P50 ) of 0.05 in a reference period 50 years shall be taken for the other main
hydraulic structures.
7.0.5 For a hydraulic structure with design seismic intensity higher than IX or for a water
retaining structure higher than 250m, their seismic safety standard shall be specially
studied and justified, and then submitted to the relevant authorities for review and
approval.
7.0.6 When a hydropower project is impacted by a reservoir-induced earthquake with an
intensity over (of larger than) VI, a seismic checking shall be conducted and proper anti-
seismic measures shall be taken as well.
8. Freeboard of Structure
8.0.1 The crest elevation of a water retaining structure in a hydropower project shall be
determined by adding the wave height, wind setup and a safety allowance above the still
water level of reservoir at the normal or abnormal operating flood. The safety allowance
shall be based on the type and grade of hydraulic structure as shown in Table 8.0.1.
Table 8.0.1 Safety Allowance of Water retaining structure
Type and operation condition at Grade of structure
structure 1 2 3 4, 5
Normal operating
Earth dam 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.5
flood
and rockfill
Abnormal operating
dam 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3
flood
Concrete Normal operating
0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3
dam and flood
masonry Abnormal operating
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
dam flood
Note: It the normal and abnormal operating flood levels are both lower than
the normal storage level, the normal storage level shall prevail
8.0.2 If the crest of a concrete dam, or a masonry dam or a concrete face rockfill dam is
provided with solid, stable and impervious wave wall, connected firmly to the impervious
barrier of water-retaining structure, the crest elevation of wave wall may be determined
based on Clause 8.0.1, but the crest elevation of water retaining structure shall not be
lower than the still water level of reservoir at normal operating flood.
8.0.3 The freeboard on the top of impervious barrier of earth dam, or rockfill dam or dry-
masonry dam, etc. above the normal operating flood levels shall be taken within the range

of Table 8.0.2, and the crest elevation of the impervious barrier shall be not lower than
the still water level at abnormal operating flood.
Table 8.0.2 Freeboard of Impervious Barrier of Earth Dam and Rockfill Dam above
Normal Operating Flood Level
Type of impervious barrier Freeboard
Sloping wall 0.8-0.6
Core wall 0.5-0.3
8.0.4 For earth dam and rockfill dam in regions of the basic seismic intensity VII or
above, a seismic surge shall be taken into account in the freeboard. The seismic surge
may be taken between 0.5 m and 1.5 m according to the design seismic intensity and
water depth of dam upstream. When the design seismic intensity is VI or IX, an
additional settlement of embankment and foundation due to a seismic effect shall also be
considered in the freeboard.
8.0.5 If a large volume bank collapse or landslide may occur in the reservoir area to cause
a surge upstream of a water retaining structure, the freeboard shall be determined on a
special study basis.
9. Safety Standard for Overall Stability of Structure

9.0.1 The dam, spillway, powerhouse, headrace tunnel, penstock and other hydraulic
structures shall meet the requirements for the structural safely grades and partial factors,
stipulated in the relevant design codes/standards for structures according to the grades of
hydraulic structures.
9.0.2 The rigid limit equilibrium method is the basic method for slope stability
calculation of earth dam and rockfill dam. When the Swedish circle method is adopted
for dam slope stability calculation, a safety factor against sliding shall not be less than
those specified in Table 9.0.2. When using other accurate methods, the minimum safely
factor against sliding shall be increased accordingly.
Table 9 0 2 Minimum Safety Factor for Slopes of Earth Dam and Rockfill Dam
Grade of dam
Load combination or operating condition
1 2 3 4,5
Basic combination (normal operating) 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15

Special I (abnormal flood
1.20 1.15 1.10 1.05
combination condition)
(abnormal II (design seismic
1.10 1.05 1.05 1.05
operating) condition)
Note: 1. Calculation of loads and their combinations shall be in accordance with DL
5077 Design Code for Loads on Hydraulic structures.
2. Safely factors of the special combination I are applicable to the abnormal operation
load combinations other than the special combination II.

9.0.3 The overall stability safety of a powerhouse including the stability against sliding
and stability against floatation shall be assessed in accordance with SD 335 Design Code
for Hydropower Houses. For a water retaining powerhouse or a powerhouse with
combined action of dam body, the calculation methods and safety standards to be selected
shall be coordinated with the overall stability assessment for the dam itself.
10. Stability Safety Standard for Bank Slopes in Project Areas

10.0.1 The bank slopes in hydraulic structure areas are divided into three classes, as
shown in Table 10.0.1, according 10 the grades of structures 10 be influenced by the
slope failures and the hazard extent. For a bank slope, if its failure only has an influence
on operation of a structure but will not imperil structure and personnel safety, the class of
the slope may be lowered by one class through justification.
Table 10.0.1 Classification of Bank Slopes in Hydraulic structure Areas
Class of bank slope Grade of structure under influence

1 1
2 2,3
3 4,5
10.0.2 To analyze and calculate the stability of a bank slope, calculation model,
geotechnical parameters and calculation method shall be selected properly according to
the slope type and its sliding mechanism. The limit equilibrium method is the basic one
for calculating the sliding safety factor of a bank slope. For classes 1 and 2 bank slopes,
two or more common calculation and analysis methods, including FEM, shall be used to
check and assess the slope deformation and stability.
10.0.3 The calculation and analysis of bank slope stability for a hydraulic structure shall
be carried out for various load combinations and operating conditions. When using the
lower-bound solution in plane rigid limit equilibrium method, stability safety factors shall
not be less than those specified in Table 10.0.3.
Table 10.0.3 Minimum Stability Safety Factor for Bank Slope in Hydraulic structure
Areas
Class of Load combination or operating condition
bank
slope
Basic combination Special combination I Special combination II
(normal operation) (abnormal operation) (abnormal operation)
1 1.30-1.25 1.20-1.15 1.10~1.05

2 1.25-1.15 1.15~1.05 1.05
3 1.15-1.05 1.10~1.05 1.00

Note: 1. Calculation of loads and their combinations shall be in accordance with

DL 5077 Design Code for Loads on Hydraulic structures.
2. Safety factors of the special combination I are applicable to the other abnormal
operating load combinations other than the special combination II.
10.0.4 The reservoir banks near the dam and the bank slopes adjoining the downstream
energy dissipation area shall be divided into the safety classes according to their
importance of locations and the slope instability hazard extent, and the corresponding
minimum stability safety factors may be determined with reference to Table 10.0.3.

Classification and design safety standard of hydropower projects
Clause explanations
1 Scope
1.0.1 Construction size of hydropower project, depends on the natural conditions, the
market demand and the technical and economic level of the project location. Project
development tasks and construction size, and its impact to the production, life and
environment of the upstream and downstream areas, determine the project scale and the
grade of the structure, and this standard and relevant codes determine the design safety
standards of the structure.
1.0.2 This standard is the general specifications for hydropower project, the applicable
scope covers large-, medium- and small-size hydropower projects, including pumped
storage power station project, also covers all stages of above projects from the planning,
design and construction to operation and maintenance. Safety review on the
reinforcement, renovation, expansion and safety assessment of the built projects can be
carried out by referring to this standard.
1.0.3 Hydropower complex structures, besides the water retaining, and releasing and
water diversion type generation structures needed for power generation function, include
other hydraulic structures needed for comprehensive utilizations, such as, irrigation,
water supply, navigation, log passage, fish passage, highway, bridge, and dock. The
grades and design safety standards of these structures are not stipulated in this standard,
so, relevant provisions of current specifications of related professional sectors shall be
satisfied at the same time.
3 Basic provisions
3.0.1 Hydropower project construction, especially the involvement of large-size, and
medium-size hydropower project construction is wide, and there exists single-index
development and multiple-index development problem, short-term development and
long-term development problem, upstream flood and downstream flood control
protection problem, and reservoir flood and immigration problem; hydropower project on
the boundary river may also involve interest balance problem of different areas,
coordination of these relationship both relies on national legal regulations, also follows
the objective laws of social economic development and natural science.
Project size, the severity of the failure consequences mark the project importance.
According to the difference of project importance, a unified standard of project scale,
structure grade and the appropriate safety standards shall be formulated, which is
necessary for project construction and management. This standard is made based on the
current China's social and economic development level, to reflect the national economic
policy and technology policy, therefore, hydropower projects shall follow this standard.
3.0.2 Probabilistic limit state design method and partial coefficient design method based
on reliability theory is trend of engineering structural design, and become the basis of

structural design standards made by many countries and international organizations.

China's construction industry and hydropower industry have set up national standards
"Unified design standard for reliability of project structures" and "Unified design
standard for reliability of hydraulic structures” based on the reliability theory. This clause
specifies that the basic theory and principles of structure reliability design shall be
adopted in the hydraulic structure design, in order to adapt the international trends of
engineering and technology development.
In the structural reliability design, hydraulic structure safety standards are expressed by
the index structure reliability index, said, it is the value of standard normal distribution
inverse function at the probability of survival; that means the reliability degree of
structure completing various specified functions in design reference period, at the
conditions of durable design, transient design, failureal design. Reliability index as a
unified measure of safety, can be used as the quantitative comparison of different types of
structure, and the structure safety of different materials.
Reliability design of project structure requires statistical parameters and probability
distribution model of basic variables. Some basic variables closely relate to raw data,
such as, geological surveying, rock-soil testing, construction statistics, quality testing and
operation monitoring. Due to insufficient statistical data or superficial knowledge on the
function of complicated structure, it is difficult to obtain statistical parameters and
probability distribution model of some design variables. Probability design method is
presently difficult to be adopted in these complicated structures, therefore, fixed value
design method is presently still used for the project structure without prepared structure
reliability design standard, by taking the minimum safety factor as design standard. With
the accumulation of basic information and improvement of project structure analyzing
measures, reliability design method will gradually replace the fixed value design method.
3.0.3 This clause refers to the provisions of clause 1.0.5 in GB50199 --1994. Design
reference period is time parameter relied by structure reliability design. It is not the life of
the project, but relates to the life of project. The longer design reference period, the more
opportunities the variable action and failureal action encountered by the structure, and the
action values may be larger; at the same time, structural resistance decreases with the
extension of the reference period, so the project structure design reference period shall be
determined based on the analysis of the technical and economic conditions. For ease of
design, this standard uses two levels, grade 1 water retaining structures is important and
shall choose 100 years of design reference period, 50 years for other permanent structures.
Design reference period of temporary structure structure shall be determined according to
the specific conditions research.
3.0.4 In the construction of huge-size, particularly important hydropower project, if some
economic and technology problems may be not covered by current standards and
procedures, specifications, or may get involved but the provisions are not detailed enough;
or the impact of project construction is extremely complicated, or the investment of
prevention measures is huge, these situations need to be argued specifically, on the base
of full survey and analysis research, corresponding design reference period and the
design safety standard shall be proposed, after the review and approval by related
authorities, as the base of design.

4 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the terms and definitions, are defined by adopting relevant national
standards and referring to the international standards, and applicable to this standard.
5 Project scale and structure grades

5.0.1 In SDJ12, GB50201 and SL252, the classification of water conservancy and
hydropower project scales included the indexes, such as, reservoir maximum storage,
installed capacity, flood control and waterlogging, irrigation, water supply and so on. For
hydropower projects mainly for power generation, project scale determined by the
indexes, flood control, waterlogging, irrigation and water supply are usually not higher
than project scale determined by the indexes, reservoir maximum storage, installed
capacity.
( 1 ) Reservoir capacity. Early in year 1961, reservoir capacity indexes for water
conservancy and hydropower project scale were already given in our standard “Reservoir
Flood Control Safety Standard”. Reservoir capacity indexes had not been changed till
GB50201 was issued in year 1994. That means, reservoir capacity indexes for project
scale are generally appropriate. So, past provisions are still used in this standard.
Maximum reservoir capacity or reservoir capacity is the static capacity below the
maximum operating level of reservoir. In general, it is the static capacity below the check
flood level.
( 2 ) Installed capacity. Since year 1994, installed capacity indexes for project scale had
been greatly improved, which mainly reflects the progress of hydropower development in
China. Enhance of grading indexes can reduce the construction cost. See table 1 for the
installed capacity indexes of hydropower project scale in corresponding national norms
and standards of each period.
Table 1 installed capacity indexes of project scale in norms and standards of each period
MW
Project scale One Two Three Four Five
Former Soviet ≥250 250~25 25~1 1~0.l <0.1
Union standard
1959 Standard ≥500 50~50 50~5 5~0.5 <0.5
1964 Standard ≥250 250~25 25~3 3~0.5 <0.5
SDJ12-1978 >750 750~250 250~25 25~0.5 <0.5
SDJ217-1987 250~25 25~0.5 <0.5
GB50201-1994 ≥120 1200~300 300~50 50~10 ≤ 10
SL252-2000 ≥1200 1200~300 300~50 50~10 <10
DL5180-2003 ≥1200 120~300 300~50 50~10 <10
According to preliminary statistics, there are about more than 2500 large, medium and
small hydropower stations in the national planning, design and construction, in which the
project scales of 77 power stations, including 68 conventional hydropower stations, 9

pumped-storage power stations, may be changed due to the adjustment of installed

capacity indexes of project scale. After detailed analysis, in above 68 conventional
hydropower stations, only the scales of 7 stations are lowered than original standard by
one scale due to the enhance of installed capacity scale index, other project scales
determined by reservoir capacity are not lowered; 9 pumped-storage power stations are
lowered than original by one scale due to the small capacity. Therefore, the enhancement
of installed capacity index has small impact on the conventional hydropower stations, but
large impact on the pumped-storage power stations. In consideration of the consistency
with GB50201, this standard has adjusted the installed capacity index.
5.0.2 Hydropower project for comprehensive utilization, assuming the power generation,
flood control and other tasks, for the sake of project safety, the highest scale determined
by each scale index is taken as the project scale, which is the practical experience of
many years.
5.0.3 Grade of hydraulic structure is determined according to the project scale and the
role and importance of the hydraulic structure in the project, and it reflects different
technical requirements and safety requirements of different hydraulic structures.
Permanent hydraulic structures mean that the structures used during project operation are
separated into main structure and secondary structure, according to its role in the project
and its impact to the entire project safety and environment after failure. Main structure
means the structure seriously affecting the project benefit or resulting in disasters of
downstream after failure, such as water retaining structure, flood release structures, water
diversion structures, and powerhouse. Secondary structure means the structure slightly
affecting the project benefit or not resulting in disasters of downstream after failure and
easily to be repaired; such as earth-retaining walls, diversion walls, service bridges and
bank protection not affecting the main structures and equipment operation after failure.
5.0.4 This clause completely takes into account the importance of structure, apart from
the seismic design standards, other design standards shall be designed after grade
improvement.
5.0.5 Impact of hydraulic structures to downstream, has much to do with the waterhead
after failure. Waterhead of reservoir formed by high dam is higher, so the structural
safety of the high dam shall be different with the low dam, high dam grade can be
increased by one grade.
Taking into account the development of the high dam engineering technology achieved in
the last 20 years, the dam height index of enhanced grade has also been increased
accordingly. Compared with the original specifications, earth dam and rockfill dam
height indexes are increased less, concrete dams, masonry dam height indexes are
increased more, and grade 4, and 5 water retaining structure, regardless of the dam type,
dam height, structure grades are not considered to be raised.
5.0.6 When the geological conditions are especially complicated, geological and rock-soil
design parameters are not easily determined accurately; for new type of structure, due to
less practical experience, it is difficult to evaluate the reliability of structures. In either
case, for the sake of safety, main structure grade can be designed by enhancing one grade,
but the standard of flood and seismic design standard are not enhanced, its meaning is to
simply improve the safety standards of structural design.

5.0.7 For diversion type power station, and pumped-storage power station with smaller
reservoir capacity, and larger installed capacity, because the project scale is determined
by installed capacity, the project scale is generally higher by one to two scales than the
project scale determined by capacity. And because its impact to the project benefit and
downstream disaster loss are rather smaller after failure due to small capacity, the grades
of water retaining and releasing structures are therefore specified to be lowered by one
grade through technical and economic assessment. Similarly, for hydropower stations
with larger storage capacity, smaller installed capacity, whose project scale is determined
by capacity, the project scale is generally higher by one to two scales than the project
scale determined by installed capacity.
The impact of powerhouse to the stability of power grid and project benefit is smaller due
to its smaller installed capacity, the grades of powerhouse and diversion structures are
therefore specified to be lowered by one grade through technical and economic
assessment.
5.0.8 Because the low head water retaining structures have the features with high safety,
difficult having failure, small downstream disaster loss after the failure, both standard
GB50201 and the original standard SDJ12 required the provision of "through particular
demonstration, grade of abnormal operating flood standard can be reduced by one grade".
In the revision of this standard, project documents of 62 built and under construction low-
head hydropower stations were collected. On the basis of analysis, more clear and
specific provisions are given on the grade reduction of low-head hydraulic structures, so
as to provide a basis for reasonable selection of flood design standard.
5.0.9 Temporary hydraulic structures mean the water retaining and releasing structures
used in construction, mainly refers to the diversion structures. Objects to be protected and
hazard extent from failure in Table 5.0.9 can give out the general judgment before the
decision of diversion plan: object to be protected means that water discharge or other
special requirements are not allowed in construction; service life means the work years of
the diversion structures in each construction stage; in the structures size, height is the
maximum height of temporary water retaining structures, capacity is water volume
retained by temporary water retaining structures at design level.
5.0.10 For the sake of project safety, it is specified that the grade classification is based
on four independent indexes, determines the grade of temporary hydraulic structure
according to the highest one, but temporary hydraulic structures identified as grade 3
shall have at least two indexes complied with. In which height and capacity of structure
size shall be met at the same time, and generally, capacity of plain area is larger, height of
temporary water retaining structures is lower, heights of temporary water retaining
structures at high mountain and canyon areas are higher, capacity is smaller, so, the
provision that height and capacity shall be met at same time, not only considers the
impact of waterhead and capacity of dam break, but also consider the difference of plain
area and high mountain and canyon areas.
5.0.11 If temporary hydraulic structures are used to retain water for power generation in
construction, and object to be protected is particularly important. Temporary water
retaining structure and its object to be protected once have large economic losses after
failure, through complete technical and economic comparison, grade of temporary
hydraulic structure can be enhanced by one grade.

5.0.12 With the application of structural reliability theory in hydropower project design,
structural reliability theory or partial factor method will be used in the design of more and
more hydraulic structures, correspondence of the structural safety levels of hydraulic
structures with the grades of hydraulic structures given in this standard is consistent with
GB50199.
6 Flood design standard

6.0.1 From the features of river flooding, there are clear differences among mountains,
hills and plains, coastal areas, the coming of flood on mountainous, hilly area is
threatening with high peak, high waterhead, and flood on plains, coastal area has longer
duration, large volume, smaller waterhead, so, flood design standard of hydraulic
structures shall be separated for mountains, hills and plains, coastal area.
6.0.2 This standard specifies that, flood design standard of the structures in hilly area,
mountain areas is higher than the flood design standard of the same grade structure in
plains, the coastal area. Distinction between mountains, hills and plains, coastal areas,
from engineering sense, apart from terrain conditions, shall consider water retaining
height of the structures and the upper and lower waterhead difference. Because
The damage of dam-break flood occurred in project failure to downstream depends not
only on the flood flows, but also on the drop, i.e., depends on the flood energy. When
waterhead difference of project upstream and downstream in mountains, hills is smaller,
the flood energy is less, possible hazard to the downstream is smaller, thus reducing the
standards to follow the flood design standard in the plain is reasonable; on the contrary,
waterhead difference of project upstream and downstream in the plain is larger, the
possible danger of floods to the downstream is larger, therefore standards shall be raised
to follow the flood design standard of mountainous and hilly area.
6.0.3 Flood safety of cascade reservoir is an interconnected systematic flood control and
safety issue. The sizes of cascade hydropower projects are different, construction periods
are not synchronized, project scales and flood control standards are different. When the
upstream or downstream of a new project has a built (or planning) cascade hydropower
project, flood standard shall be established based on cascade development plan, by taking
into account the effect of upstream reservoir on this project, as well as the possible effects
of the project on downstream projects, and make overall studies. Determine the
reasonable flood design standard.
6.0.4 From the flood characteristics of water retaining structure, ability to resist floods of
earth dams, rockfill dam and concrete dams, masonry dam are different. For earth dam,
rockfill dam, flood overtopping can cause dam break easily, so high flood design
standard is required; for concrete dams, masonry dam, flood overtopping does not cause
dam break, so the flood design standard can be reduced.
In the standards before year 1978, check flood (abnormal operating flood) standard does
not distinguish damming material form, fails to reflect the difference of project failure
risk and hazard degree of different dam types. SDJ12 issued in year 1978 and other
standards promulgated later, had specified respectively different check flood (or
abnormal operating flood) standards according to different dam construction materials.

Dam height and capacity of projects of same scale, same dam type, may vary widely, the
project loss and hazards to downstream after failure may vary widely also, so it is
reasonable that the flood standards for projects of various scales, various dam types
specify the ranges rather than fixed values. In practice, projects of the same scale shall
take upper limit for high and large dam (close to next upper scale); take lower limit for
low and small dam (close to next lower scale).
Flood design standards adopted in all periods are not the same, changes are shown in
table 2. The trend is standards before year 1964 are higher, more rigid, standards after
year 1978 are lower and more flexible, this change reflects the progress and development
of hydropower technologies. Flood control provisions in GB50201 issued in year 1994
are more flexible than previous standards, and not lower than provisions in SDJ12
supplementary, flood design standard of SL252 is same as GB50201, therefore, this
standard is identical with GB50201.
With the rapid development of the national economy, more and more pumped storage
power stations are needed. hydraulic structures pumped storage power stations are
basically the same as conventional hydropower stations, so it is clearly put forward that
this flood design standard include pumped-storage power station.
Table 2 Our national flood standards adopted in all periods
Grade of hydraulic structures
Standard Operating situation 1 2 3 4 5
Flood recurrence interval, years
the Soviet Normal 1000 100 50 20
Union
regulations in Abnormal 10000 1000 200 100
year 1955
Normal 1000 100 50 20
1959 Standard
Abnormal 10000 1000 200 100
Normal 1000 100~500 50~100 20~50 20
1961 Standard Abnormal 10000 1000~2000 300~1000 100~300 100
Emergency dam 2000~1000 1000~2000 300~100 200~300

Normal 1000 100 50 20 10
1964 Year
Abnormal 10000 1000 500 200 100
Normal 2000~500 500~100 100~50 50~30 30~20
Earth-
SDJ12-1978 10000 2000 1000 500 300
Abnormal rock dam
Concrete 5000 1000 500 300 200
Normal 500 100 50 30 20
SDJ12-1978
Earth-
Supplementary 10000 or
Abnormal rock 2000 1000 500 200
provisions PMF
dam

Concrete
5000 1000 500 200 100
dams
Design 1000~500 500~100 100~50 50~30 30~20
Earth-
GB50201- PMF or
rock 5000~2000 2000~1000 1000~300 300~200
1994 10000~5000
Check dam
Concrete
5000~2000 2000~1000 1000~500 500~200 200~I00
dams
6.0.5 Once earth dam, rockfill dam have overtopping, the dam breaks fast, considerable
large area in downstream will lead to serious disasters. When there are residential areas
and important agricultural and industrial economic areas in the downstream of the earth
and rock-fill dam, check flood standard of the grade 1 structures shall adopt the upper
limits of range. Because the probable maximum flood (PMF) and frequency analysis
method are not the same in calculation theory and methods, choosing flood of recurrence
interval of 10000 years of frequency method or choosing PMF shall be determined in
accordance with the reasonableness of results. When the PMF obtained by hydro-
meteorological method is reasonable (regardless of how much the recurrence interval is),
use PMF; when flood of 10000 years of recurrence interval obtained by frequency
analysis method is reasonable, use flood of 10000 years of recurrence interval: when
reliability is the same for both, for safety reasons, the larger shall be used. If grade 2 ~4
structures caused very large disasters to downstream after the failure, the abnormal
operating flood standards of structures can be also enhanced by one grade.
6.0.6 Ability of concrete dams and masonry dam resisting overtopping is better than
earth-rock dams, rockfill dams, which normally does not damage due to overtopping. But
overtopping flood energy is large, easily leads to erosion to dam foundation and both
banks, leads to instability and failures of foundation. Thus, for particular important
projects, when flood overtopping is predicted to cause very serious losses, it is specified
that abnormal flood standard of the grade 1 permanent water retaining and releasing
structures can adopt the flood standard of recurrence interval of 10000 year, but subject
to the special demonstration and shall be reported to the authorities, which means raising
standards shall be strictly controlled.
6.0.7 Pumped storage power stations typically have features of large installed capacity,
small capacity of the upper and lower reservoirs. According to statistics, among 13
domestic built, under construction and proposed pumped storage power stations, if the
water retaining project scale is determined according to the capacity, only 1 station is
determined as scale 2, corresponding structure is grade 1, the rest are scale 3, the
corresponding structure is grade 3 or 4; if project scale is determined according to the
installed capacity, all projects are scale 1 or 2, corresponding water retaining structures
are grade 1 and 2 respectively. That means, the structure grade of the project determined
by installed capacity is higher, corresponding flood design standard is higher also, thus
the water retaining, releasing and diversion structure safety standards are resulted as
higher, construction cost is increased.

Therefore, except scale of pumped storage power station project is determined by 5.0.1,
for pumped storage power stations having small upper and lower reservoir capacity,
without natural water supply and less reservoir failure, easy to be repaired, the flood
design standard of its water retaining, releasing structures are specified to be determined
by the powerhouse flood design standard. Also, if the capacity is small, but failure is
serious, hydropower station benefit is effected for long-term, flood design standard shall
be determined by the lower limit of table 6.0.4, and take into account the different
requirements of different dam types on the flood design standard.
6.0.8 Prepared by referring to 7.0.3 of DL5108-1999 and 3.2.3 of SL252-2000.
6.0.9 Flood standard of hydropower plant was specified in original standard SDJ12
supplementary regulations, standard GB50201 and standard SL252, but have some
difference. As shown in table 3. Flood design standard of hydropower station and its
subsidiary structures also include river and tributary flood affecting the safety.
As see from the table 3, flood design standards of three standards are different, but check
flood standard is consistent. Flood design standard in GB50201 issued in 1994 is proper,
the provisions of this standard are basically consistent with GB50201, SL252-2000.
Table 3 provisions in all standards about the powerhouse flood design standard
Flood design Power plant grade

Specifications
standard
1 2 3 4 5
Design flood
recurrence intervals, 100 50 30 20 10
years
SDJ12-1978
Check flood
recurrence intervals, 1000 500 200 l00 50
years
Design flood
recurrence intervals, ≥200 200~100 l00 50 30
years
GB50201-1994
Check flood
recurrence intervals, 1000 500 200 l00 50
years
Design flood
recurrence intervals, 200 200~100 100~50 50~30 30~20
years
SL252-2000
Check flood
recurrence intervals, 1000 500 200 100 50
years
Normal operating of
water recurrence 200 200~100 l00~50 50~30 30~20
interval, years
DL5180-2003
Abnormal operating
flood recurrence 1000 500 200 100 50
intervals, years

7 seismic design Standard

7.0.1 Hydraulic structures, particularly water retaining structures, subjected to strong
earthquakes, if dam break happen, it could lead to serious secondary disasters.
Fortification objective is to ensure that the hydraulic structures in the event of designed
intensive earthquake, does not have serious damage occurred. Due to the knowledge
limitation of current earthquake laws, seismic response of structures and the failure
mechanism, by taking into account the economy of construction and technical difficulty
of anti-seismic measures, therefore, it is acceptable that the partial damage not
endangering the structure overall safety occurs, and damaged structures can continue to
operate normally after general engineering treatment.
7.0.2 This clause specifies the basis of the seismic design parameters of hydraulic
structures at all grades. For grade 1 water retaining structure (not including water
retaining structures raised from grade 2 to grade 1 due to a variety of reasons), as
required in 303, the structure design reference period shall be 100 years, and current
GB18306 The seismic ground motion parameter zonation map of China gives out seismic
ground motion parameters of 50 design reference years, which can not meet the
requirements. Since grade 1 structures could have dam break if subjected to earthquake,
and lead to serious secondary disasters, so this clause specifies that 1 degree can be
increased as design intensity based on the basic intensity, according to the harmfulness
affected by the strong earthquake.
7.0.3 Since Aug.1, 2001, seismic ground motion parameters are basic indexes relied by
our national various projects seismic fortification. Within 50 years of design reference
period given in GB18306 seismic ground motion parameter zonation map of China,
under general site conditions, ground motion parameters with 10% exceedance
probability may be encountered, which are basis of general project seismic fortification.
But until the hydropower industry specifications are not altered, the ground motion
parameter zonation map of China and the China seismic intensity scale (GB/T17742) can
be used together.
7.0.4 When dedicated seismic risk analysis on project is carried out, design earthquake
probabilities are determined after the calibration on the existed important hydropower
and hydraulic engineering seismic risk analysis results, the determined exceedance
probability is consistent with the design reference period of all types of structures
specified in GB50199.
7.0.5 For hydraulic structures in designed intensity as 9 or water retaining structure
having height greater than 250m, there is currently lack of mature experience in seismic
design, By taking into account the severity of the secondary disaster, the standard for
seismic safety shall be studied and demonstrated, and reported to the competent authority
for review and approval.
7.0.6 There are a number of domestic and foreign earthquake instances induced by
reservoir, but mechanism of earthquakes induced by reservoir is still in the exploratory
stage, specialized study different from the tectonic earthquake is needed. There are very
few hydropower projects encountered earthquake intensity greater than 6 degrees induced
by reservoir, but it is more harmful, anti-seismic checking computations and

corresponding measures are required, at the same time, for studying the development
trend and induced mechanisms, it is necessary to carry out earthquake monitoring before
and after impoundment.
8 Freeboard of structure
8.0.1 The freeboard of consists of the wave height, wind setup and a safety allowance.
The wave height, w dam crest ind setup shall be determined in accordance with the
relevant rules. Safety allowance is taken as a safety reserve of water retaining structures
to prevent overtopping. Without sufficient demonstrated computation models, in
principle, it can be determined according to the dam type, grades of structures and design
state. Large freeboard can be taken for important structures, large hazard of flood
overtopping, or small value shall be taken; under normal operating flood conditions, large
freeboard can be taken, or small value shall be taken. Freeboard of water retaining
structure of this standard basically follows the SDJ12 standard. For safety reasons,
freeboard of earth dams, rockfill dam under abnormal operating flood conditions, no
longer distinguish mountains, hills and plains, the coastal area.
8.0.2 Water pressure action above the still water level of the abnormal operating flood,
such as, water pressure of wave run-up, wind setup high, both belong to short-term effect,
water can be retained by wave wall, so as to save a lot of dam project, therefore top
height of wave wall can be determined according to the clause 8.0.1; but the provision
that crest height of water retaining structure shall not be lower than the still water level of
reservoir at the normal operating flood shall be met.
8.0.3 Dam crest height of earth dam, rockfill dam and dry masonry dam shall be
determined in accordance with 8.0.1. Since the weak link of the seepage prevention body
is the joint of the wave wall bottom and dam seepage prevention body, seepage
prevention body height of earth dam, rockfill dam and dry masonry dam shall meet the
provisions of this clause.
8.0.4 Seismic surge has related with the factors, such as, seismic intensity, earthquake
magnitude, distance from dam to opposite bank, reservoir area, bank slope and dam slope,
etc. In the design of dam crest height, seismic surge height is often reserved. In Japan,
seismic surge is calculated in accordance with1% of dam height. In general, the seismic
surge height can be selected from 0.5m~1.5m according to the design earthquake
intensity and the water depth in front of dam.
Due to the complexity of earthquake mechanism, ground foundation and the dynamic
response of the dam, foundation and additional sinkage of the dam are difficult to be
calculated accurately, especially for the thick overburden or the liquefied soil layer.
According to the analysis of relevant domestic and foreign information or in accordance
with the empirical formula estimation, additional sinkage of crest earthquakes generally
does not exceed 1% of height.
8.0.5 Landslide of reservoir bank, especially surge in front of dam caused by large
volume landslide near dam reservoir bank, may be considerably higher than the sum of
wave runup, the wind setup height and freeboard, as Italy vaiont is an extreme example.
So for the unstable project near the dam reservoir bank, the impact of landslide surge to
the water retaining structures and the corresponding preventive measures shall be studied.

9 Overall stable safety standard for structures

9.0.1 Hydraulic concrete structure design specifications, design specification for concrete
gravity dam, spillway design specification, hydraulic tunnels specification, and code for
design of pressure steel pipe of hydropower station have been revised according to the
structural reliability design theory, structure safety standards have been developed in the
form of partial coefficients accordingly. Structural safety grades shall be therefore
determined in accordance with clause 5.0.12 of this standard, coefficient of materials,
structural coefficients shall be determined respectively in accordance with their rules.
9.0.2 Current earth-rock dam design specification has not been revised according to the
structural reliability, without the conditions of expressing the earth dam, rockfill dam
stability safety standards against sliding in the form of partial coefficients. Safety factors
in table 9.0.2 follow the modified and supplementary provisions of SDJ12 and SD218-
1984 Design specification for rolled earth-rock fill dams. Special attention is required
that, the minimum factor value of safety against sliding is associated with the calculation
method and parameter value taken.
9.0.3 This clause is made based on clause 3.2.3, 3.1.4, 3.2.5 of SD335-1989. Because this
standard is not revised according to the structures reliability, safety factor method is still
used for design temporarily.
10 Stability Safety Standard for Bank Slopes in Project Areas

10.0.1 Stability safety of bank slope in key project directly affects the hydraulic structure
safety. In accordance with the importance and the extent of possible damage of the slope
to structures, slope safety classification is necessary. Safety grade is classified in this
standard based on the importance of the slopes influenced and the extent of possible
damage to hydraulic structures, the slope which causes the destruction of structures after
the failure, shall be in same safety grade as corresponding structures; safety grade of
slope which only have an impact on the operation of the structure after the failure, but
will not jeopardize the safety of structures or people's lives, can be one grade lower than
the safety grade of corresponding structures.
10.0.2 There are a lot of methods for anti-sliding stability analysis of the slope, such as
the flat calculation method and three-dimensional calculation, rigid body limit
equilibrium method and calculation method of linear and nonlinear deformation,
depending on type and sliding mechanism of slope, slope deformation and stability
control, to select the method of calculation. Current limit equilibrium method for slope
stability against sliding is the most sophisticated calculation method, particularly planar
rigid body limit equilibrium method, therefore, this clause specifies that the limit
equilibrium method is the basic method for safety factor calculation of slope stability
against sliding. For important slopes, in particular slope with deformation control
requirements, in addition to the basic methods, two or more different methods are taken
and compared for calculation and parameter sensitivity analysis, in order to meet the
needs of mutual verification and evaluation.

10.0.3 Limit equilibrium method has the difference of lower bound solution and upper
bound solution, the lower bound solutions in routine use include Sweden method and
simplified Bishaopu method suitable for circular slip-surface: Jambo method, the
Morgenstein-Plaice method and the transfer coefficient method suitable for any sliding
surface; the upper bound solutions in routine use include Selmer method, Panjiati block
ultimate equilibrium method, energy law ( EMU Method). Possible slip of three-
dimensional wedge of rock slope (usually double side sliding type) shall be calculated by
using the wedge analysis. This standard specifies table 10.0.3 applies to lower bound
solution of planar rigid body limit equilibrium method.
Safety factor shown on table 10.0.3 is a range, in project design, the minimum stability
safety factor value shall be determined through detailed analysis according to relationship
of slope and slope, structure size, stability and the certainty degree of calculation
parameters and boundary conditions.
This standard does not cover the slope as part of hydraulic structures or foundation part,
such as slopes of water retaining structure dams, and resistance of arch dam abutment.
For slope controlled by deformation criteria, minimum stability safety factor against
sliding shall be specifically identified, and shall be calculated by the finite element
method, through comprehensive analysis and evaluation of slope deformation and
stability safety, such as the three gorges ship lock slope that falls into this category.
10.0.4 Stability conditions of bank slope near dam reservoir in key project area and both
slopes on downstream riverway and landslide body may be changed due to construction,
or stability is unable to meet safety requirements at natural state, the safety of dams and
other hydraulic structures was threaten. In this regard, attention must be given, for
specialized research. Compared with the structure slope, its stability safety factors are
more complicated, provisions of clause 10.0.3 can be taken as reference.


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Chinese Design Code DL T 5180 2003

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DL 5180-2003 www.ccc-uus.

Electric-power Industtrial Sttandard

State Ecoonomic and

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All technical contents of this standard are mandatory.

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4. Terms and definitions

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5. Scale of Project and Grade of structure

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Permanent hydraulic structure

Dam height Earth dam, rockfill dam 100 80

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Table 5.0.9 Grade of Temporary Hydraulic structure

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6. Design Standard of Flood Control

Dam type Grade of permanent water retaining and structure

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normal operating flood (year) 100 50

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7. Anti-seismic design standard

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9. Safety Standard for Overall Stability of Structure

Basic combination (normal operating) 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15

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10. Stability Safety Standard for Bank Slopes in Project Areas

Class of bank slope Grade of structure under influence

1 1.30-1.25 1.20-1.15 1.10~1.05

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Note: 1. Calculation of loads and their combinations shall be in accordance with

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Classification and design safety standard of hydropower projects

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structural design standards made by many countries and international organizations.

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4 Terms and definitions

5 Project scale and structure grades

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pumped-storage power stations, may be changed due to the adjustment of installed

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6 Flood design standard

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1961 Standard Abnormal 10000 1000~2000 300~1000 100~300 100

Emergency dam 2000~1000 1000~2000 300~100 200~300

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Flood design Power plant grade

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7 seismic design Standard

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9 Overall stable safety standard for structures

10 Stability Safety Standard for Bank Slopes in Project Areas

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