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STATEMENT & ASSUMPTIONS

In this type of questions, a statement is given followed by two or
more assumptions. We are required to assess the given statement
and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit in the
statement.
What is an assumption?
Ans. An assumption is something that can be supposed or
assumed on the basis of the given statement.
* SOME TIPS ON ASSUMPTIONS :
(I) Key words
For evaluating an assumption, we can take a clue
from some words that lend a definite meaning to the
statement.
For example, ‘all’, ‘only’, ‘each’, ‘every’ etc. are
definitive in nature whereas ‘a few’, ‘some’, ‘many’
etc. are not.
(II) Adjectives
An adjective is something which denotes a quality of
the subject. If an adjective is attached to any subject,
it must be assumed that the subject have the quality
as denoted by the adjective.
Assumptions : I. India desires to achieve the target of
economic development.
II. It is possible for India to earn more
foreign exchange.
Sol. (d) I is implicit. Tools for an objective are talked about
only when the desire for such an objective exists. II
is implicit because it makes no sense to talk of
something without the existence of its possibility.
Example 2 :
Statement : An advertisement : If you want to the follow
the footprints of an ideal leader, wear ‘X’
brand of shoes.
Assumptions : I. Most people like to become ideal
leaders.
II. One can’t become ideal leader unless
one wears ‘X’ brand of shoes.
Sol. (a) I is implicit; that is why the advertisement has been
given. Second one is absured.

DIRECTIONS (for Examples 1 to 3) : In each of following Example 3 :

questions, a statement is given followed by two assumptions
numbered I and II. Consider the statement and the following
assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit.
Give answer :
(a) if only assumption I is implicit.
(b) if only assumption II is implicit.
(c) if either I or II is implicit.
(d) if both I and II are implicit.
(e) if neither I nor II is implicit
Example 1 :
Statement : India must earn a lot of foreign exchange to
achieve her target of economic development.
Statement : Central Bank, which is the largest bank in
the country, has decided to reduce its
workforce by 30 per cent so that its banks
may work efficiently.
Assumptions : I. The Bank can perform all its activities
after the reduction in workforce.
II. The surplus employees may be asked
to adopt early retirement scheme before
leaving the bank.
Sol. (a) I is not implicit because of the word ‘all’. II may or
may not be a method of reducing the workforce.
Hence, II is not implicit.

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EXERCISE
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1-14) : In each of following questions, a
statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and
II. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and
decide which of the assumptions is implicit. Give answer :
(a) if only assumption I is implicit.
(b) if only assumption II is implicit.
(c) if either I or II is implicit.
(d) if neither I nor II is implicit.
1. Statement : In case of any difficulty about this case,
you may contact our company’s lawyer.
Assumptions : I. Each company has a lawyer of its own.
II. The company’s lawyer is thoroughly
briefed about this case.
2. Statement : “The programme will start at 6 p.m. but you
can come there upto 7 p.m. also and still
there is no problem.”
Assumptions : I. The programme will continue even after
7 p.m.
II. The programme may not even start by
that time.
3. Statement : Health is the foundation of well-being,
virtue, prosperity, wealth, happiness and
salvation.
Assumptions : I. Happiness results in health and well-being.
II. People desire to be happy, prosperous
and virtuous.
4. Statement : Last century was the century of
fundamental rights and let the forthcoming
century become that of excellence. — An
appeal from a noted lawyer.
Assumptions : I. Every century should be marked for a
particular purpose.
II. The human race is ready to focus its
attention on aiming at excellence in
every sphere of life.
5. Statement : The private bus services in the city has
virtually collapsed because of the ongoing
strike of its employees.
Assumptions : I. Going on strikes has become the right
of every employee.
II. People no more require the services of
private bus operators.
6. Statement : Nobody can predict as to how long our
country would take to contain th e
unfortunate an d disastrous terrorist
activities.
Assumptions : I. It is impossible to put an end to terrorist
activities.
II. Efforts to control the terrorist activities
are on.
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7. Statement : You know that your suit is excellent when
people ask about your tailor who tailored
the suit.
Assumptions : I. People do not ask about your tailor if
your suit is not good.
II. The people want to know the criteria of
an excellent suit.
8. Statement : Even with the increase in the number of
sugar factories in India, we still continue to
import sugar.
Assumptions : I. The consumption of sugar per capita
has increased in India.
II. Many of the factories are not in a
position to produce sugar to their fullest
capacity.
9. Statement : Highly brilliant and industrious students do
not always excel in the written examination.
Assumptions : I. The written examination is good mainly
for mediocre students.
II. The brilliant and industrious students
cannot always write good answer in the
exam.
10. Statement : The coffee powder of company X is quite
better in taste than the much advertised
coffee of company Y.
Assumptions : I. If your product is not good, you spend
more on advertisement.
II. Some people are tempted to buy a
product by the advertisement.
11. Statement : I can take you quickly from Kanpur to
Lucknow by my cab but then you must pay
me double the normal charges.
Assumptions : I. Normally, it will take more time to reach
Lucknow from Kanpur.
II. People want to reach quickly but they
will not pay extra money for it.
12. Statement : The civic authority appealed to the people
for reduction in usage of water as there may
be an acute shortage during the coming
weeks.
Assumptions : I. There will be no rain in recent future.
II. The people are ready to follow the
advice of the civic authority.
13. Statement : If the city bus which runs between Cheka
Naka and Vande Park is extended to
Shramnagar, it will be convenient. —
Appeal of residents of Cheka Naka to the
city bus company.
Assumptions : I. The convenience of the city bus
company is much more important than
the needs of the consumers.
II. The city bus company is indifferent to the
aspirations of the residents of Shramnagar.

14. Statement : When is Manohar’s birthday ?
Assumptions : I. Manohar’s father was born on
15-8-1947.
II. Manohar is 25 years younger to his
mother.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 15-24) : In each of following questions, a
statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and
II. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and
decide which of the assumptions is implicit. Give answer :
(a) if only assumption I is implicit.
(b) if only assumption II is implicit.
(c) if either I or II is implicit.
(d) if both I and II are implicit.
15. Statement : The state government ‘X’ is committed to
restrict smoke levels on the roads of the
metropolis as per the desired parameters.
Assumptions : I. It is possible to determine the smoke levels.
II. A committed government can carry
forward welfare measures for its people.
16. Statement : Unemployment allowance should be given
to all unemployed Indian youth above 18
years of age.
Assumptions : I. There are unemployed youth in India
who need monetary support.
II. The government has sufficient funds
to provide allowance to all unemployed
youth.
17. Statement : A Notice Board at a ticket window : ‘Please
come in queue.’
Assumptions : I. Unless instructed people will not form
queue.
II. People any way want to purchase
tickets.
18. Statement : The Government of India has decided to
start a track II dialogue with its neighbour
to reduce tension in the area.
Assumptions : I. The neighbouring country may agree
to participate in the track II dialogue.
II. The people involved in track II dialogue
may be able to persuade their
respective Governments.
19. Statement : The X-Airlines has temporarily suspended
flights to a few destinations for the next
four days due to the strike call given by the
Pilots’ Association.
Assumptions : I. The airlines may be able to restore all
the flights after four days.
II. The Pilots’ Association may withdraw
the strike call within four days.
20. Statement : Try to steal this camera from our store — a
display on a departmental store.
Assumptions : I. People want to own a camera.
II. The store has a video monitoring
system to detect stealing.
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21. Statement : Never before such a lucid book was
available on the topic.
Assumptions : I. Some other books were available on this
topic.
II. You can write lucid books on very few
topics.
22. Statement : “Get rid of your past for future, get our new-
generation fridge at a discount in exchange
of old”. — An advertisement.
Assumptions : I. The sales of the new fridge may
increase in the coming months.
II. People prefer to exchange future with past.
23. Statement : The party president has directed that no
member of the party will give press briefing
or interviews to government and private
T.V. channels about the discussion in
scheduled meeting of the party.
Assumptions : I. Par ty members will observe this
directive of the president.
II. The general public will not come to
know about the happenings in the
scheduled meeting of the party.
24. Statement : The end of a financial year is the ideal time
to take a look at the performance of various
companies.
Assumptions : I. All the companies take such a review at
the end of a financial year.
II. The per formance data of various
companies is available.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 25-27) : In each of following questions, a
statement is given followed by three assumptions numbered I, II
and III. Consider the statement and the following assumptions
and decide which of the assumptions is implicit.
25. Statement : “We have the distinction of being the only
company in India as well as the second in
the world to have won an ISO-9002 quality
certification in our line of business” –
Statement of company X’s Chairman.
Assumptions : I. There were not many companies in the
line of business of Company ‘X’.
II. Getting ISO-9002 in the line of business
of Company ‘X’ is not easy.
III. The company ‘X’ desires to expand its
business.
(a) Only I is implicit. (b) Only II is implicit.
(c) Only III is implicit. (d) Only II and III are implicit.
26. Statement : India’s economic growth has come at a
terrible price of increased industrial and
vehicular pollution.
Assumptions : I. Pollution is a part of industrial society.
II. Indian economic growth is based on
only industrial growth.
III. A country desires economic growth
with manageable side-effects.
(a) Only I is implicit. (b) Only II is implicit.
(c) Only I and III are implicit. (d) Only III is implicit.
4
27. Statement : In view of the recent spurt in sugar prices
in the open market, the government has
asked the dealers to release a vast quantity
of imported sugar in the open market.
Assumptions : I. The dealers will follow the government
directive.
II. The sugar prices will come down.
III. The price of indigenous sugar will
remain unchanged.
(a) Only I and II are implicit.
(b) Only II and III are implicit.
(c) Only I and III are implicit.
(d) None is implicit.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 28-32) : A statement is followed by three
assumptions marked I, II and III. Check whether these assumptions
are implicit in the statement or not. Possible combinations of
assumptions are given against options (a), (b), (c) and (d).
Choose the appropriate one.
28. Statement : “Buy pure and natural honey of company
X”–an advertisement in a newspaper.
Assumptions : I. Artificial honey can be prepared.
II. People do not mind paying more for
pure and natural honey.
III. No other company supplies pure honey.
(a) Only I is implicit (b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) Only I and III are implicit (d) All are implicit
29. Statement : “Fly with us and experience the pleasure
of flying”–an advertisement by an airlines.
Assumptions : I. More passengers may be attracted to
travel by the airline after reading the
advertisement.
II. People generally may prefer an
enjoyable flight.
III. Other airlines may not be offering the
same facilities.
(a) None is implicit
(b) Only I is implicit
(c) Only II is implicit
(d) None of these
30. Statement : “We do not want you to see our product
in newspaper, visit our shop to get a full
view”– an advertisement.
Assumptions : I. People generally decide to purchase
any product after seeing the name in
the advertisement.
II. Uncommon appeal may attract the
customers.
III. People may come to see the product.
(a) None is implicit
(b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) Only II and III are implicit
(d) All are implicit
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31. Statement : “Use Riya cold cream for fair complexion”–
an advertisement.
Assumptions : I. People like to use cream for fair
complexion.
II. People are easily fooled.
III. People respond to advertisements.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) Only II is implicit
(d) Only I and III are implicit
32. Statement : “Smoking is injurious to health”–a warning
printed on the cigarette packets.
Assumptions : I. People read printed matter on the
cigarette packet.
II. People take careful note of warning.
III. Non-smoking promotes health.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) Only II is implicit
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 33) : In each question, a statement is followed
by two assumptions numbered I and II. Consider the statement
and the following assumptions to decide which of , the
assumptions is implicit in the statement. Mark answer as
(a) if only assumption I is implicit;
(b) if either I or II is implicit;
(c) if only assumption II is implicit;
(d) if neither I nor II is implicit.
33. Statement: An advertisement of a Bank "Want to open
a bank account! Just dial our 'room service'
and we will come at your doorsteps."
Assumptions: I. There is a section of people who require
such service at their home.
II. Now-a-days banking has become very
competitive.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 34-37) : A statement is followed by two
assumptions numbered I and II. Consider the statement and the
assumptions together. Decide which assumptions is implicit in
the statement. Mark answer as
(a) If either assumption I or II is implicit
(b) If only assumption II is implicit
(c) If only assumption I is implicit
(d) If neither assumption I nor II is implicit
34. Statement : A notice : “Use of cell phones and pagers
is not allowed inside the auditorium. Please
switch off such devices while you are
inside the auditorium”.
Assumptions : I. All those who have such devices will
switch them off before they take their
seat in the auditorium.
II. Generally people do not bring such
devices when they come to attend
functions in the auditorium.
35. Statement : An advertisement : “Fly X airways
whenever you decide to go places. Our
fares are lesser than train fares.”
Assumptions : I. People prefer to travel by air when the
fares are reasonable.
II. The fares of other airlines are costlier
than those of X airways.

36. Statement : Dengue cannot be eradicated from our city 38. Statement :
unless we create a special ‘Health-squad’
for it. Assumption :
Assumptions : I. Dengue is harmful.
II. Creating Health-squad is impossible.
37. Statement : A warning : “Do not smoke in public places
as it is a cognizable offence in our country.” 39. Statement :
Assumptions : I. People often neglect such warnings.
II. People do not understand the implications Assumption :
of committing a cognizable offence.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 38-40) : Each of the questions below has
a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II.
An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. 40. Statement :
Consider the statement and the assumptions following it, in
each of these questions and mark your answer as
(a) if the assumption I is implicit. Assumption :
(b) if the assumption II is implicit.
(c) if neither I nor II is implicit.
(d) if both I and II are implicit.
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Despite heavy rains, traffic has not been
disturbed.
I. Rains do not affect traffic movement.
II. Adequate precautions were taken for
traffic management during the rainy
season.
Many historians have done more harm
than good by distorting truth.
I. People believe what is written in the
history books.
II. Historians are seldom expected to
depict the truth.
It is not always true that adoption of
sophisticated technology increases
production efficiency.
I. Adoption of sophisticated technology
is not difficult thing to achieve.
II. Production efficiency can be achieved by
getting rid of sophisticated technology.
6

ANSWER KEY
1 (b) 6 (b) 11 (a) 16 (a) 21 (a) 26 (c) 31 (d) 36 (c)
2 (a) 7 (a) 12 (b) 17 (d) 22 (d) 27 (a) 32 (b) 37 (d)
3 (b) 8 (c) 13 (d) 18 (d) 23 (a) 28 (a) 33 (a) 38 (b)
4 (b) 9 (b) 14 (d) 19 (c) 24 (b) 29 (d) 34 (c) 39 (a)
5 (d) 10 (b) 15 (d) 20 (b) 25 (d) 30 (c) 35 (c) 40 (c)

ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) No deduction can be made regarding other companies.
So, I is not implicit. Since one is advised to contact the
company’s lawyer in case of any problem, it means
that the lawyer is fully acquainted with the case. So, II
is implicit.
2. (a) The statement mentions that there is no problem if one
comes upto 7 p.m. also. This is clearly deduced that
the programme will continue even after 7 p.m. So, I is
implicit. Also, it is clearly mentioned that the programme
will start at 6 p.m. So, II is not implicit.
3. (b) I is not implicit. The statement puts it the other way
round. That is, health results in happiness. It can be
infered that people desire to be happy, prosperous and
virtuous from II. Hence it is implicit.
4. (b) I is not implicit as it is not clear from the statement. II is
implicit from the tone of the lowyer’s statement as the
human race is aiming at achieving excellence in life.
5. (d) Since both the assumptions do not follow from the
given statement, so neither I nor II is implicit.
6. (b) I is not implicit. In fact, the statement suggests it is
possible to contain terrorist activities. What is disputed
is “how long”. But II is implicit. The action has begun,
though its end is not in sight.
7. (a) The statement mentions that if the people ask about
the tailor, your suit is good. This means that people
ask only in the situation when the thing is good. So, I
is implicit. The criteria of an excellent suit is not
mentioned. So, II is not implicit.
8. (c) Clearly, the need to import sugar could be either due to
increase in consumption or the inefficiency of the
factories to produce sugar to their fullest capacity. So,
either I or II is implicit.
9. (b) What we are being told about brilliant students does
not have anything to do with mediocre students. Hence
I is not implicit. But II is implicit. This must be the
reason why the brilliant students do not always excel.
10. (b) I is not implicit as the company with a bad product
might be advertising more because people are not aware
of it. According to the statement, the product of
company Y is more known because of mor e
advertisement. So, II is implicit.
11. (a) Since the narrator asks for double charges to take the
person quickly to Lucknow, it implies that normally it
takes more time to reach Lucknow. So, I is implicit. Since
one demands extra charges to reach the destination
earlier than usual, the person in need would have to
pay accordingly. So, II is not implicit.
12. (b) Clearly, I is not directly related to the issue in the given
statement and so is not implicit. The civic authority
makes an appeal to the people with the hope that it
would surely be attended to by the people. So, II is
implicit.
13. (d) We are in no position to pass any judgment at present.
We may assume these only if the appeal is rejected. So,
neither I nor II is implicit.
14. (d) Manohar’s age has no relation to the age of his
father. Therefore A is not implicit. Also, the age of
Manohar’s mother is not given. Then, B is also not
implicit.
15. (d) The govt. has promised to bring down the smoke level
because it is possible to determine the level. Hence I is
implicit. II is implicit because containing pollution is
also a welfare measure.
16. (a) I directly follows from the statement and so is implicit.
Also, the statement is a suggestion and does not tell
about a government policy or its position of funds. So,
II is not implicit.
17. (d) The instructions have been given so that people willing
to buy tickets may not form a crowd. So, I is implicit.
Also, it is clear that people would purchase the tickets
even after following the given instructions. So, II is
also implicit.
18. (d) A decision to start any short of dialogue with one’s
neighbour assumes that the neighbour will also
participate in it. Hence I is implicit. II is implicit because
track II dialogue can be meaningful only when the
respective Govts agree to abide by it.

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19. (c) Why has the suspension of flights been made for a
limited period of four days? It must have been assumed
by the authorities of X-Airlines that the crisis may be
over after this limited period. It is also possible that the
Pilots’ Association may withdraw the strike call within
four days.
20. (b) Clearly, the owner of the store warn that one dare not
try to steal the camera. So, only II is implicit while I is
not.
21. (a) It follows from the statement that books on this topic
were available before also but they were not ‘lucid’.
So, I is implicit. But a general comment as II cannot be
made from the given statement. So. II is not implicit.
22. (d) Assumption I is implicit. Why has such advertisement
been published by the advertisers? Definitely, the
advertiser is assuming the sales to pick up. II is also
implicit; that is why advertiser advocates doing so.
23. (a) Clearly, the party president lays down the policies for
its members. So, I is implicit. From the statement we
cannot certainly assumed that the general public will
not come to know about the happening in the
scheduled meeting of the party.
24. (b) From the statement we cannot say about all the
companies. Hence it is not implicit. Since the end of
financial year is the ideal time to take a look at the
performance of various companies, so the performance
data of various companies must be available.
25. (d) Since it is hard to get ISO-9002 certification, he is trying
to highlight company’s achievement and by doing that
expansion of his business is in his mind.
26. (c) I is implicit in the phrase “industrial ... pollution.” II is
not implicit because of the word ‘only’. III is implicit
from the concern shown at the “terrible price”.
27. (a) The government’s decision is clearly a measure to
increase supply and control rates. So, both I and II are
implicit, while III is not.
28. (a) From the statement it is obvious that people give
preference to pure and natural honey, hence the
company X is mentioning it in the advertisement.
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7
29. (d) Both I and II are implicit. If people did not want enjoyable
flight, there would have no meaning of this kind of
advertisement. Advertisement is given for attraction
of people.
30. (c) Uncommon way of advertisement arouses interest in
the customers, hence people may visit the shop out of
curiosity.
31. (d) People like to use, cream for fair complexion and they
respond to advertisements.
32. (b) People usually read the printed matter on the cigarette
packet and they take careful note of the warning, hence
the warning printed on the packet.
33. (a) Banks’ willingness to go to customer’s doorstep makes
statement I implicit. There is no information regarding
number of banks or business volume of the market,
hence statement II is not implicit.
34. (c) Assumption II is not implicit. If people do not bring
such devices, then why did they need of this notice?
Meaning of any notice is that the people will obey it.
Hence only I is implicit.
35. (c) Definitely, people prefer to travel by air when the fares
are reasonable. It is clear from advertisement— ‘our
fares are lesser than train fares.” Assumption II is not
implicit because fares of other airways are not given.
36. (c) If Dengue is not harmful then what is the need of
eradication? Assumption II is not directly relevant to
statement.
37. (d) Both assumptions contradict the statement. Hence
neither assumption I nor II is implicit.
38. (b) I is not implicit. Despite .... disturbed, implies that rains
do affect the traffic movement. Traffic has remained
undisturbed implies that adequate precautions were
taken for traffic management during the rainy season.
39. (a) Very fact that historians have done more harm than
good by distorting truth implies that people believe
what is written in the history books.
40. (c) Both the assumptions are not valid. If sophisticated
technology can give increase production efficiency
then what is meaning of statement- ‘......not always......’