USE OF TUNED SHOCK ABSORBERS IN ENGINEERING

STRUCTURAL: PARQUE ARAUCANO BUILDING IN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

USE OF DYNAMIC TUNED MASS DAMPER IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING:

ARAUCANO BUILDING PARK IN SANTIAGO DE CHILE

ABSTRACT The application of Mass Damper tuned in mechanical engineering is current and long-
term use. For this type of applications, the solicitations are of constant frequencies and known.
However its application in structures has begun a few years ago, under the general concept of
seismic protection. The design of a Tuned Mass Damper for a building entails the practical difficulty
of properly tuning this to the fundamental period of the structure. Through the addition of
additional damping, it is possible to expand the range of tuning frequencies and thus make the use
of an AMS more effective. On the other hand, the excitations to which the structure will be
subjected are uncertain as to their frequency distribution, this entails the certain possibility of
generating a counterproductive effect, since the response may even be worse with the use of AMS.
The incorporation of greater damping, although decreasing efficiency especially in the fundamental
period, produces a better response for the whole range of frequencies of said excitations. The
following work shows in theoretical and practical terms the application of this concept in a building
built in 2006 in Santiago, Chile, subjected to the effects of the earthquake of magnitude 8.8 Mw and
intensity VIII of the Maule region in 2010.

KEYWORDS: flexible mass damper, damping, tuned.

INTRODUCTION

The movement induced in a building by

a seismic movement is modified by the

presence of a simplified hub damper. This modification should decrease the

solicitations about the building, but that this

so it depends on the periods of the waves

that excite the structure, of the period itself

of the AMS and the period of the building. The inclution

additional shock absorbers in the AMS

the range in which he has a behavior

desirable. In this study shows the development

theoretical of an AMS, how the viscous dampers of the two building AMS were chosen
Parque Araucano in Santiago de Chile and details

general construction

THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMS

An AMS or Tuned Mass Damper

is a mechanical system that is coupled to a

vibratory system with the intention of reducing

the amplitude of the movement of this and can

represented as shown in figure 1.

The mass "M" represents the mass of the system

whose vibrations you want to reduce. Mass

"M" is the AMS and is much smaller than

the mass "M".

Figure 1. Mechanical system of a degree of freedom with AMS.

Applying the equations of movement to

AMS of Figure 1 is obtained:

myp or 2 2 = - k and ^ 2 1 and c h- - 2 2 () and I 1 (1)

ordering and applying the transformation of

Laplace to work in the frequency space you get to:

mcskYcskY2

2 2 + = 2 2 + 2 1 + ^ h ^ h (2)

that with a variable transformation can

Write yourself as:

EY2 1 = DY (3)

Applying the equations of the movement to the

Main mass is obtained:

()

() ()

My k y y c y y
k and u c and u

1221221

1211

=-+-

----

poo

ooo

^ h (4)

and again ordered and applying the Laplace transformation to work in the space of

The frequencies will arrive at:

Ms c c s k k Y

cskYcskU

two

12121

22211

++++=

^+++

h^

6 @ (5)

that this time with a variable transformation

It can be written as:

BY1 2 = + DY AU (6)

From Eq. (1) and Eq. (2) Y1 can be cleared and

get:

AND BE D

AE
1 = 2 U - (7)

The goal is to find the value of Y1 of such

so that the main mass has minimal displacement, which turns out to be a task

complex, except in the case where the damping of the AMS does not exist, ie c2 = 0,

in which case it is sufficient to demand E = 0, which is

translates into

ms k 0 2 + = 2 ^ h (8)

If the basal movement is harmonic with frequency ω and therefore s = ωj the previous equation is

transforms into:

m k 0 2 ^ - + ~ 2 h = (9)

whose solution is:

k2 2 = ~ (10)

The latter means that if the frequency itself

of the AMS,

AMS

2 ~ =, is identical to the frequency of the basal movement, it is possible to obtain a

null movement in the main mass, even

if the mass of the AMS, m², is small.

THE AMS IN PRACTICE

While in theory an AMS can be effective even if the mass m is small, in practice there is

technical limitations to achieve this effect, since this implies a range of motion

very large of its components, that is to say of the

mass and also of the shock absorber and the spring.

However, the AMS system has been used

successfully for more than 100 years to reduce

vibrations mainly in machines that

they work at constant frequencies, as they are

those driven by synchronous electric motors

whose frequency depends on the electrical network,

but also to reduce the amplitude of the

oscillation of hanging cables and buildings.

In cases where the requesting frequency

does not match with the AMS, what can happen in

permanently or during the game or stop

of a machine, quite important displacements can occur, even more

larger than the system without AMS would have.

The inclusion of a shock absorber in the AMS

deteriorates the behavior of the system against

to a request with a frequency coincident with that of the AMS, but it improves the response

in some similar frequencies, being better

the result in front of uncertain frequencies.

When the solicitation disappears the system, under the assumption of a linear system,

the system continues to vibrate according to its

own modes, which highlights the mode

principal and therefore the AMS is required

is tuned to the first mode, which is the

of longer duration.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

The Parque Araucano building is a building of

reinforced concrete with a surface of 60000

m² and 90 m of total height, of structuring

mixed, with frames and walls, of 21 floors plus 6

underground located in Santiago de Chile and

shows in figures 2, 3 and 4.

THE OBJECTIVES RAISED WERE

▪ Improve serviceability when reducing

accelerations, speeds and maximum displacements, and by reducing the

duration of the movement.

▪ Decrease the effect of torsion of the

plants.

▪ Reduce damage to structural and non-structural elements in case of a

seismic event.

The building has a main period of 2.71 s,

according to the model, and that corresponds to a movement in the transverse direction. The
masses

equivalents of the first three modes of

vibrate are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1. FIRST THREE MODES OF VIBRATING AND EQUIVALENT MASSES

(%) OF THE ARAUCANO PARK BUILDING

The building has two AMS on the living room floor

of machines (floor 21), which were chosen with a

mass of 1% of the mass of the first vibrating mode, corresponding to 150 tons each

and which aim to decrease the movement in the transverse direction (Y direction)

during an earthquake and decrease the duration of

later oscillations.

The building was modeled in Extended Three

Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems with

rigid diaphragms. The concrete elements

they were analyzed in elastic linear form.

The elastic behavior of the AMS is

he managed to hang the masses like a pendulum and so on

using weight as a restitutive force. The period was adjusted through the length of the pendulum and
the
Damping was achieved with shock absorbers

viscoelastic see figure 5

FUNCTION OF TRANSFER OF THE BUILDING FOR VARIOUS

CUSTODY LEVELS

For different configurations of AMS and linear damping the response of the

building in front of a sinusoidal acceleration in the

base. It was chosen to use linear damping and

that being the sinusoidal basal movement, there's

an exact energy equivalence. The use

a non-linear damping leads to the problem

that the transfer function depends additionally on the amplitude of the movements, the

that depends on the records that effectively

they will act on the structure.

Figure 6 shows the transfer function (without the phase) for the movement of the center of

gravity of the floor under the AMS, floor 20, front

to the basal movement (input), for the range of

periods of 2 to 4 s. The graph is obtained from the

response of the building in permanent regime

for sinusoidal records and in some programs the Steady State function is helpful.

In this case, it has been preferred to use linear damping, as the graph becomes independent

of the amplitude of the movement and the coefficient

Alpha. On the other hand, any shock absorber does not

linear is equivalent to a given linear damper for sinusoidal stress

in permanent regime.

It is observed that for the harmonic solicitation

there is an area between 3 and 3.2 s in which the behavior of the structure with AMS is still

worse than without AMS. It is also observed that the

damping softens these curves by decreasing the response of the building and increases the
bandwidth.

It is noted that for damping

used, a decrease in the amplitude of the movement is obtained.

VERIFICATION WITH REAL RECORDS

To find the maximum displacements

of the AMS and the maximum speeds to be able to design the shock absorber, seven were used

synthetic record pairs compatible with the

NCh2745, of.2003 Soil B, Zone II, which have

maximum accelerations of up to 5.30 m / s² and a

content of frequencies between 0.3 and 10 Hz.

Since all records are compatible

with a particular spectrum (NCh2745, Soil B,

Zone II) maximum speeds and displacements are obtained for the shock absorber that

They are similar but not the same. The use of compatible records with other spectra will lead to

different results.

The figure. 7 shows the spectrum of the

component x of the first record used in

Comparison with NCh433 of.2009 and NCh2745

of.2003. The spectrum of accelerations is omitted

for the other records because they are very similar.

The acceleration records "1x" and "2x" are

show in figures 8 and 11.

When processing the building model with the

AMS and with adequate records are obtained

travel requirements for

shock absorbers and oscillation periods that

serve as the basis for a first selection of

these.

Next, an analysis with

non-linear shock absorbers (shock absorber with

α = 2) to verify the speeds and forces

maximum that are data that the manufacturer delivers, for it 7 pairs of records were used,

that has different earthquakes in the directions

x and y

Figures 9 and 12 show the displacement

of both shock absorbers for the first two

pairs of records.

Figures 10 and 13 compare the shape of the

register and displacement of the dampers for the 1st and 2nd set of registers respectively.

Figures 9 and 12 reflect the movement of the

pendulum and show approximately the period of these. By comparing these figures with the

Acceleration record is strongly appreciated

a filtering of the high frequencies by the

building and the AMS.

When comparing the displacement of the shock absorber with the registers, figure 10 and 13, a clear
correspondence between the registers and the movement of the shock absorber is not observed. It
is observed that repeatedly and in a short time the AMS presents discontinuities in its movement as
adapting to the building.

In both cases there is a displacement

maximum of the order of approximately 70 cm

with a period of 2.75 s that for a buffer with C = 56.91 kN / (m / s) α with α = 2, which corresponds
to that used in the modeling, involves

to an equivalent linear damping of C

= 77.3 kNs / m. Through the graph of figure 6

it is possible to estimate the transfer function

although it is also possible again to derive the entire curve numerically, this time
for non-linear damping.

The Maule earthquake of the year 2010 that was

magnitude 8.8 Mw and had an intensity VIII in

the building area found the building finished and enabled although the buffers

They were not installed. The building does not present

damage neither in its structure nor in the rating but this is not directly attributable to the

AMS since the neighboring buildings did not show damages either.

CONCLUSIONS

While an AMS is an effective system for

reduction of vibration amplitudes, this must

be adjusted to the frequency of the solicitation.

For similar or transient frequencies

Larger amplitudes may occur. The

incorporation of adequate damping

leads to an increase in bandwidth by

which although it may decrease the efficiency in

the zone the main period is achieved a better

behavior for a greater range of

vibrations also ruling out the possibility

of a negative influence of these on the

system.

Bliographic references

1. Christopoulos C., Filiatrault A. (2006) Principles of passive supplemental damping and seismic
isolation. IUSS Press 2006;277-297.

2. Lee Cl, Chen, Cw, Chung Ll, Wang, Yp. (2006) Optimal design theories and applications of tuned
mass dampers. Engineering Structures.

3. Yeh K., Chen CW., Lo DC., Liu K., (2012) Neural-network fuzzy control for chaotic tuned mass
damper systems with time delays. Journal of vibration.

4. Wilson E. (2001) Three dimensional static and dynamic of structures. CSI.