NAME: NG’ANG’A RENSON NGOCHI

REG NO: F17/1421/2011

PROJECT: PRJ 107- SMOKE ALARM
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Todesign a circuit for detecting

smoke and activate an alarm.
 INTRODUCTION

 DEFINITION: A smoke alarm is a

device that senses smoke, typically
as an indicator of fire.
 May issue a signal to a fire alarm
control panel as part of fire alarm
system or may issue a local audible
or visual alarm.
IMPORTANCE OF SMOKE DETECTOR

Prevents loss of life and damage

of property
Have prior detection when
compared with heat detectors
 MODES OF SENSING SMOKE

Photo-based smoke detectors e.g

photo-interrupter and LDR.
Physical methods of sensing e.g
MQ2 – This was chosen because of
stability of operation.
 HARDWARE DESIGN

COMPONENTS: - MQ2 sensor

- Atmega 32A
- LEDs
- Buzzer
- Power supply
 MQ2 SENSOR

Detects a wide range of

combustible gases and smoke.
It was chosen because of:
-Wide detecting scope
-Availability
-Stability and long life
-Low cost
-Simple drive circuit
INTERNAL CONNECTION OF MQ2
SENSOR
HARDWARE CONNECTION
LCD1
RV1(2) LM016L

R1(2)
RV1

VDD
VSS

VEE

RW
RS

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
E
R1

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
10k

J1
MQ2 SENSOR
U1
9 22
RESET PC0/SCL
23
PC1/SDA
13 24
XTAL1 PC2/TCK
12 25
XTAL2 PC3/TMS
26
PC4/TDO
40 27
PA0/ADC0 PC5/TDI
39 28
PA1/ADC1 PC6/TOSC1
38 29
PA2/ADC2 PC7/TOSC2
37
PA3/ADC3
36 14
PA4/ADC4 PD0/RXD
35 15
PA5/ADC5 PD1/TXD
34 16
PA6/ADC6 PD2/INT0
33 17
PA7/ADC7 PD3/INT1
18
PD4/OC1B
1 19
PB0/T0/XCK PD5/OC1A
2 20
PB1/T1 PD6/ICP1
3 21
PB2/AIN0/INT2 PD7/OC2
4
PB3/AIN1/OC0
5
PB4/SS
6 U1(AREF)
LS1 PB5/MOSI
7 32
PB6/MISO AREF
8 30
PB7/SCK AVCC
R6 R5 R4 R3 R2
220 220 220 220 220 ATMEGA32

BUZZER

D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
LED-RED LED-RED LED-RED LED-RED LED-GREEN
 POWER SUPPLY
U1
REG-POS
TRANSFORMER D1
1 3
VI VO

GND
1N4007

C1 C2 C3

2
6800u 0.33u 0.1u
D2

TRAN-2P3S 1N4007
 SOFTWARE DESIGN

C Programming language was chosen.

 Why C? –Fast and efficient
-Portable
-Easy debugging and testing
since it is a structured
language.
 PROGRAM SECTIONS

 Main program
 ADC program
 LCD program
 Alarm activation program
 PCB DESIGN
 Layout was drawn on Express PCB
 Drawing was printed on at transparent
paper.
 The PCB+Printed paper was passed through
UV light.
 The PCB was then passed through a solution
of NaOH.
 Etching
 Drilling of holes and soldering
RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS
In absence of smoke-Red LEDs were OFF
-Green LED was ON
-Buzzer was OFF
-LCD displayed ‘Standby
Mode’ + Quantity of smoke in ppm.

In presence of smoke- Red LEDs were blinking

-Green LED was OFF
-Buzzer was activated
- LCD displayed ‘Smoke
detected’ + Quantity of smoke.
 CONCLUSIONS
Objective of this project was met.
Can be implemented commercially
to detect smoke as well as deter
smokers in areas where smoking is
prohibited.
Relatively low cost and easy
availability of components.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
Should be placed in a cool and dry
place to ensure long life.
The sensor, visual and audio alarms
should be positioned strategically.
GSM and GPS modules can be
included for the purpose of
relaying remote alarms.
THANK YOU