Worksheet: Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Name: Marcial, Diane Francine Score: ____________ Section: S11-15

Isip, Phloxyn Gyana

Dioso, Rein Jhonnaley

I. Give the meaning/function of the following terms:

1. Nucleotide – is an organic molecule that is the building block of DNA and RNA. They also have functions
related to cell signaling, metabolism, and enzyme reactions .It consists of a base (one of four chemicals:
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) plus a molecule of sugar and one of phosphoric acid.

2. DNA Replication – is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original
DNA molecule occuring in all living organisms acting as the basis for biological inheritance.

3. DNA Transcription – is the process by which the information in DNA is copied (transcribed) into messenger
RNA (mRNA) which carries the information needed for protein synthesis (for protein production).

4. Translation – is the process that takes the information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into
a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds. It is essentially a translation from one code
(nucleotide sequence) to another code (amino acid sequence).

5. Codon – is a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that
specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis.

6. Anti-codons – are sequences of nucleotides that are complementary to codons. They are found in tRNAs,
and allow the tRNAs to bring the correct amino acid in line with an mRNA during protein production.

7. Leading strand of DNA – This is the parent strand of DNA which runs in the 3' to 5' direction toward the
fork, and it's able to be replicated continuously by DNA polymerase.

8. Lagging strand of DNA – is one of two strands of DNA found at the replication fork, or junction, in the

double helix; the other strand is called the leading strand. A lagging strand requires a slight delay before

undergoing replication, and it must undergo replication discontinuously in small fragments.

II. Draw a nucleotide and label its three basic parts:

III. Fill in the tables below:
A. Differentiate DNA from RNA based on the following criteria:
Criteria DNA RNA

Responsible for storing Directly codes for amino acids and

Function and transferring acts as a messenger between DNA
genetic information and ribosomes to make proteins.

Mainly in the Mainly found in cytoplasm

Location in a cell
nucleus of the cell of the cell

Type of sugar Sugar Deoxyribose Molecule Sugar Ribose Molecule

molecule

Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Adenine(A), Uracil(U),

Nitrogen bases present
Cytosine(C), and Guanine(G) Cytosine(C), and Guanine(G).

Number of strands Double-stranded Single Stranded

B. Differentiate the three types of mRNA in terms of function

Criterion mRNA tRNA rRNA

Function transfer the information act as temporary associates with a set of

from DNA to the cell carriers of amino acids proteins to form
machinery that makes to ribosomes and helps ribosomes, complex
proteins. decode a mRNA structures, which
sequence into a protein physically move along
an mRNA molecule,
catalyze the assembly of
amino acids into
protein chains
 IV. Using the words in the boxes, identify the components of the Replicating DNA strands. Write your
answers on the space provided.

a. Parental DNA
b. DNA
polymerase
c. Leading Strand
d. Lagging Strand
e. DNA ligase
f. Replication fork

V. Give what is asked in each of the following:

A. Write the complementary strand of DNA to the following sequence.

5′ A-C-T-C-G-G-T-A-A-C-A-A-T-A-T-C-A-T-C-G-G 3′
3’ T-G-A-G-C-C-A-T-T-G-T-T-A-T-A-G-T-A-G-C-C 5’

B. Write the complementary mRNA segment of the given DNA sequence in 5’-3’ direction.
5′ A-C-U-C-G-G-U-A-A-C-A-A-U-A-U-C-A-U-C-G-G 3′

C. Using the genetic code below, identify the sequence of amino acids coded by the identified mRNA
segment.
Threonine, Arginine, STOP