Lesson Plan in Mathematics 10

Prepared by: Neliza A. Sevilla

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After a series of illustrative examples, the Grade 10 students shall be able to:
1. determine the center and the radius of a circle given its equation;
2. solve and write the equation of the circle in both standard and general form;
3. explain the process of getting equations of the circle and also the center and the radius.

II. CONTENT AND MATERIALS

Equation of a Circle
Reference : Obaña, Generoso G.,et.al.Grade 10: Understanding
Mathematics. Vicarish Publication and Trading Inc. p. 210-213
Materials : calculator, cartesian coordinate plane
Skills : critical thinking and cooperative learning
Time Frame : 1 hour

III. TEACHING - LEARNING PROCEDURE

A. Preliminaries
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of attendance and management of the classroom

B. Lesson Proper
Preparation
Recall
The teacher will ask about the topic last meeting
Questions:
1. What was our topic last meeting?
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2. What is the formula in finding the distance between two points?
3. What is the midpoint formula?

Presentation

The teacher will introduce the topic which is the equation of a circle.
The teacher will present the equation of a circle with the center (h,k) an radius r
is given by:

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2 ---- Standard Form

where (h,k) is the center of the circle

The teacher will discuss the formula

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2 with the given examples.

Then, to find the general form with Ax2 + By2 + Cx + Dy + c = 0

Example 1: Write the equation of the circle in both standard and general form
where the center and radius are given by:

a. c (0,0) and r = 5
Solution:
(x-0)2 + (y-0)2 = 52 - Standard Form / Center – Radius Form
x2 + y2 - 25= - General Form

b. c (-1,2) and r = 2 √5
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 Solution:
(x- (-1) )2 + (y-2)2 = (2 √ 5 )2 - Standard Form / Center – Radius
Form
(x +1)2 + (y-2)2 = 20
x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y - 15 = 0 - General Form

Example 2: Find an equation of the circle with center (-3,4) and radius 5.

Solution:
(x- (-3))2 + (y-4)2 = (5)2 - Standard Form / Center – Radius Form
(x +3)2 + (y-4)2 = 25
x2 + y2 + 6x – 8y = 0 - General Form

Example 3: Find the equation of the circle tangent to the x-axis and with center
(3,6)
Solution:
The circle is tangent to the x-axis at (3,0), the radius = 6 units
Standard Equation: (x-3)2 + (y-6)2 = 62
General Equation: x2 + y2 - 6x - 12y + 9 = 0

Comparison and Contrast

The teacher will ask questions regarding on the examples.
What if the general form and standard form will be given and you will ask to
find the center and the radius, what would be the process?

Example 4:
Find the radius and center of the circle
(x-3)2 + (y-5)2 = 2

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Solution:
By the form (x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2, then c (3,5) and r = 2 units

Example 5: Find the center and radius of the circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 8y + 9 = 0

Solution:
By completing the square method, we can get:
x2 - 6x + __ + y2 + 8y + __ = -9
x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 + 8y + 16 = -9 + 25
(x-3)2 + (y+4)2 = 42

The radius of the circle is 4 and C (3,-4) is the center.

Example 6: Describe the graph of the equation 4x2 + 4y2 + 24x - 8y = 41

Solution:
Divide the equation by 4
x2 - 6x + y2 - 2y = 41/4
x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 + -2y + 1 = 41/4 + 10
(x+3)2 + (y-1)2 = (9/2)2

The radius of the circle is 9/2 and C (-3,1) is the center.

Generalization
The teacher will ask questions about the processs of finding the equations of the
circle and also the center and radius. The teacher will give another example to
further deepen the understanding of the students.

Application

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Boardwork:
Find the equation of the circle with the given radius and center.
1. C (-5,2), r = 2
2. C (4,-3), r = √3
3. C (0,0), r = √ 39
Find the center and radius with the given equation of a circle.
4. x2+ y2 + 8x – 2y – 64 = 0
5. x2 + y2 + 14x - 12y + 4 = 0

Evaluation
Find an equation of the circle written in general form
1. C (1,4); passes through (1, -1)
2. C (-1,-1); passes through (3, -1)
3. A diameter has endpoints (3,4) and (1,2)

Find the center and radius of each circle.

4. 16x2 + 16y2 - 8x + 32y = 0
5. 4x2 + 4y2 - 24x – 16y + 36 = 0
6. 144x2 + 144y2 + 192x – 216y + 81 = 0