Construccion Reservorio Mantaya Chaya

GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA
MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM

1. ------IND- 2012 0582 RO- EN- ------ 20121106 --- --- PROJET
ORDER
No ………….of ………...2012
for the approval of technical regulation
”Normative document regarding the production of lightweight concrete”
Code C155-2012,
In accordance with the provisions of Article 10 and Article 38 paragraph (2) of Law No
10/1995 regarding quality in constructions, with its subsequent modifications, the provisions of
Article 2 paragraphs (3) and (4) of the Rules regarding the types of technical regulations and costs
for the regulatory activity in constructions, town planning, landscaping and habitat, approved by
Government Decision No 203/2003, with its subsequent modifications and supplementation, and
the provisions of Government Decision No 1016/2004 regarding measures for the organisation and
carrying out of the information exchange in the field of technical standards and regulations, as well
as the rules regarding information society services between Romania and the EU Member States,
as well as the European Commission, with its subsequent modifications,
on the grounds of Article 5 point II letter e) and Article 13 paragraph (6) of Government
Decision No 1631/2009 concerning the organisation and operation of the Ministry of Regional
Development and Tourism, with its subsequent modifications and supplementation,
The Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism hereby issues this
ORDER:
Article 1 – The technical regulation ”Normative document regarding the production of

lightweight concrete” Code C 155-2012, is hereby approved as follows:
Article 2 - This order*) shall be published in the Official Journal of Romania, Part I and
shall come into force 30 days after its date of publication.
Article 3 – The technical regulation "Normative document regarding the preparation and use
of lightweight aggregate concrete." Code C 155-1989**) shall cease to be applicable on the date
when this order comes into force.
The technical regulation approved by the present order was adopted in accordance with the
notification procedure No RO/......... of ......................, stipulated by Directive 98/34/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998, laying down a procedure for the
provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations, published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities L 204 of 21 July 1998, amended by Directive
98/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 July 1998, published in the Official
Journal of the European Communities L 217 of 5 August 1998.
MINISTER
Eduard HELLVIG
*) The Order and Annex 1 are also published in the Construction Report published by the National Institute for Research and
Development in Construction, Urban planning and Sustainable Territorial Development “URBAN-INCERC” which operates under
the Ministry for Regional Development and Tourism
**) The technical regulation "Normative document regarding the preparation and use of lightweight aggregate concrete."
Code C 155-1989 was approved by Decision No. 52/1989 of the Central Institute for Research, Design and Directives in the Field
of Constructions and was published in the Constructions Journal No.2/1991, edited by the Institute for Research in Constructions –
INCERC Bucharest
Annex No.......
to MDRT Order No ................../ 2012
NORMATIVE DOCUMENT
REGARDING THE PRODUCTION OF

LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE,
Code C155-2012
(Revision of normative document C155-89)
CONTENTS
1 FIELD OF APPLICATION ..................................................................................................7
2 TECHNICAL AND LEGISLATIVE REFERENCES...........................................................8
3 DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................9
3.1 Terms and definitions .....................................................................................................9
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations ..........................................................................................11
4 CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................12
4.1 Exposure classes, depending on the environmental actions ........................................12
4.1.1 Meaning of the exposure classes ..........................................................................12
4.1.2 Exposure classes for lightweight concrete.............................................................12
4.2 Fresh lightweight concrete ...........................................................................................14
4.2.1 Consistency classes ...............................................................................................14
4.2.2 Classes as a function of the maximum aggregate size ..........................................14
4.3 Hardened lightweight concrete ....................................................................................14
4.3.1 Classes of compressive strength............................................................................14
4.3.2 Volumetric mass classes for lightweight concrete ................................................15
4.3.3 Classification of lightweight concrete according to its volumetric mass and
compressive strength......................................................................................................15
4.3.4 Classification of lightweight aggregate concrete according to its volumetric mass
and thermal conductivity................................................................................................16
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE AND VERIFICATION
METHODS.............................................................................................................................17
5.1 Basic requirements for component materials...............................................................17
5.2 Basic requirements for the composition of lightweight concrete.................................17
5.2.1 General information ..............................................................................................17
5.2.2 Choosing the cement .............................................................................................18
5.2.3 Utilisation of aggregates .......................................................................................18
5.2.3.1 General information ........................................................................................18
5.2.3.3 Recovered aggregates .....................................................................................18
5.2.3.3 Resistance to alkali-silica reactions ................................................................18
5.2.4 Utilisation of recycled water .................................................................................19
5.2.5 Utilisation of admixtures ......................................................................................19
5.2.6 Utilisation of additives ..........................................................................................19
5.2.7 Chloride content ....................................................................................................20
5.2.8 Temperature of lightweight concrete.....................................................................20
5.3 Requirements for exposure classes ..............................................................................21
5.3.2 Limit values for the composition of concrete .......................................................21
5.3.3 Performance-based design methods .....................................................................21
5.4 Requirements for fresh lightweight concrete ...............................................................22
5.4.1 Consistency ...........................................................................................................22
5.4.2 Cement content .....................................................................................................22
5.4.3 Air content ............................................................................................................22
5.4.4 Maximum aggregate size ......................................................................................23
5.5 Requirements for hardened lightweight concrete ........................................................23
5.5.1 Strength .................................................................................................................23
5.5.1.2 Compressive strength ......................................................................................23
5.5.1.3 Tensile strength ...............................................................................................23
5.5.2 Volumetric mass ....................................................................................................23
5.5.3 Water penetration resistance .................................................................................24
5.5.4 Reaction to fire .....................................................................................................24
5.5.5 Thermal conductivity.............................................................................................24
6 LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS...........................................................24
6.1 General information .....................................................................................................24
6.2 Specifications for the designed lightweight concrete (with specified properties) .......24
6.2.2 Basic data ..............................................................................................................24
6.2.3 Additional requirements ........................................................................................25
6.3 Specifications for lightweight concrete with a prescribed composition ......................25
6.3.2 Basic requirements ................................................................................................25
6.3.3 Additional requirements ........................................................................................25
7 DELIVERY OF FRESH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE ..................................................25
7.1 Information provided by the lightweight concrete user to the manufacturer...............25
7.2 Information provided by the lightweight concrete manufacturer to the user...............25
7.3 Delivery note for ready-to-use lightweight concrete ...................................................26
7.4 Delivery information for concrete designed to be prepared on site .............................26
7.5 Consistency upon delivery ...........................................................................................26
8 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT AND CONFORMITY CRITERIA ................................27
8.2 Conformity assessment of lightweight concrete with specified properties .................28
8.2.1 Conformity assessment of compressive strength ..................................................28
8.2.2 Conformity assessment of splitting tensile strength..............................................28
8.2.3 Conformity assessment for properties other than strength ...................................28
8.2.3.1 Sampling and testing plan ...............................................................................28
8.2.3.2 Conformity criteria for properties other than strength ....................................28
8.3 Conformity assessment of lightweight concrete with a prescribed composition ........28
8.4 Actions to be taken in the event of non-compliance of the product ............................28
9 PRODUCTION CONTROL ...............................................................................................28
9.2 Production control systems ..........................................................................................29
9.3 Recorded data and other documents ............................................................................29
9.4 Tests .............................................................................................................................30
9.5 Composition of lightweight concrete and initial tests..................................................30
9.6 Personnel, equipment and installations ........................................................................30
9.6.1 Personnel ..............................................................................................................30
9.6.2 Equipment and installations ..................................................................................30
9.6.2.1 Storage of materials ........................................................................................30
9.6.2.2 Dosage equipment ..........................................................................................30
9.6.2.3 Mixers .............................................................................................................30
9.6.2.4 Testing equipment ...........................................................................................30
9.7 Dosage of the component materials .............................................................................30
9.8 Mixing of the lightweight concrete...............................................................................30
9.9 Production control procedures .....................................................................................31
10 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................35
10.1 General information ...................................................................................................35
10.2 Assessment, monitoring and certification of production control ...............................35
11 MARKING CONCRETE WITH SPECIFIED PROPERTIES .........................................35
12 ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE ..........................................................................36
12.1 Field of application.....................................................................................................36
12.2 Normative references..................................................................................................36
12.3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations......................................................................36
12.4 Classification..............................................................................................................37
12.5 Requirements for ultra-lightweight concrete .............................................................37
12.5.1 Basic requirements for component materials......................................................37
12.5.2 Basic requirements for the composition of ultra-lightweight concrete...............37
12.5.2.1 General information.......................................................................................37
12.5.2.2 Choosing the cement......................................................................................37
12.5.2.3 Use of aggregates...........................................................................................37
12.5.2.4 Utilisation of recycled water..........................................................................37
12.5.2.5 Utilisation of admixtures...............................................................................37
12.5.2.6 Utilisation of additives...................................................................................38
12.5.3 Requirements for exposure classes......................................................................38
12.5.4 Requirements for fresh ultra-lightweight concrete..............................................38
12.5.5 Requirements for hardened lightweight concrete ...............................................38
12.5.5.1 Strength..........................................................................................................38
12.5.5.2 Volumetric mass ............................................................................................38
12.5.5.3 Water penetration resistance .........................................................................39
12.5.5.4 Reaction to fire .............................................................................................39
12.6 Ultra-lightweight concrete specifications...................................................................39
12.7 Delivery of fresh ultra-lightweight concrete...............................................................39
12.8 Conformity control and conformity criteria...............................................................39
12.9 Production control......................................................................................................39
12.10 Conformity assessment.............................................................................................39
12.11 Marking of ultra-lightweight concrete with specified properties.............................39
Annex I...................................................................................................................................39
Recommendations for lightweight concrete composition limits............................................39
ANNEX II...............................................................................................................................47
Classification of aggressive media acting on above-ground elements made of reinforced
lightweight concrete ...............................................................................................................47
Annex III.................................................................................................................................51
General recommendations for choosing the cement...............................................................51
III.1 General information....................................................................................................51
III.2 Normal conditions .....................................................................................................53
III.3 Special conditions ......................................................................................................53
ANNEX IV.............................................................................................................................54
Compositions of lightweight aggregate concrete. Examples..................................................54
IV.1 Determination of the composition of lightweight aggregate concrete........................54
IV.1.1 General rules ......................................................................................................54
IV.1.2 Example for determining the composition of lightweight aggregate concrete....55
IV.2 Examples of lightweight concrete compositions. Characteristics of the hardened
concrete...............................................................................................................................55
IV.2.1 Insulating and strength lightweight concrete.......................................................56
IV.2.1.1 Lightweight concrete with expanded clay ....................................................56
IV.2.2 Strength lightweight concrete..............................................................................56
IV.2.2.1 Lightweight concrete with volcanic tuff........................................................56
IV.2.2.2 Lightweight concrete with basaltic scoria......................................................56
IV.2.2.3 Lightweight concrete with recycled brick aggregates....................................57
IV.2.3 Lightweight concrete with expanded perlite........................................................57
IV.2.3.1 Lightweight concrete with type 200G perlite................................................57
IV.2.3.2 Lightweight concrete with type 90G perlite..................................................58
IV.2.4 Ultra-lightweight concrete with 200G perlite and air entraining additive...........58
1 FIELD OF APPLICATION
(1) This normative document shall apply to the production of lightweight concrete
designed to provide strength and/or insulation in monolithic or prefabricated structures.
(2) This normative document shall apply to: lightweight concrete manufactured in a plant
producing prefabricated elements, ready-to-use lightweight concrete or lightweight concrete
to be prepared on site.
(3) This normative document stipulates the requirements for:

a) the component materials of lightweight concrete;
b) the properties of fresh and hardened lightweight concrete, as well as the inspection of
these properties;
c) the limitations imposed on the composition of lightweight concrete;
d) the specifications for lightweight concrete;
e) the delivery of fresh lightweight concrete;
f) the production control procedures;
g) the conformity and conformity assessment criteria for lightweight concrete.
(4) This normative document shall apply to lightweight concrete which is so compacted that
the quantity of entrapped air, other than circulated air, is negligible.
(5) This normative document shall also apply to self-compacting lightweight concrete and
lightweight concrete with recycled aggregates (e.g. reclaimed brick), providing that the
usability of these aggregates is controlled in accordance with the criteria applicable to
lightweight aggregates.
(6) Structural elements made of lightweight aggregate concrete shall be calculated in

accordance with the provisions stipulated in SR EN 1992-1-1: 2004, Section 11
“Lightweight aggregate concrete structures”.
(7) This normative document shall not apply to:

a) hydrotechnical works;
b) road and bridge works;
c) pressurised enclosures (silos, tanks);
d) underground building elements (walls, foundations, basements of buildings,
etc.) located under the level of the horizontal waterproofing layer;
e) elements subjected to repeated stresses.
(8) Other requirements, which are additional to or different from the requirements of this
normative document, can be specified in other specific European technical
regulations/standards, for example:
a) lightweight concrete which uses component materials that are not covered by Article
5.1;
b) lightweight concrete with a maximum aggregate size of 4 mm (mortar);
c) special technologies (e.g. lightweight shotcrete);
d) ready-mixed and dried lightweight concrete.
(9) This normative document shall not apply to:
a) prestressed lightweight concrete
b) aerated lightweight concrete;
c) foamed lightweight concrete;
d) lightweight concrete with an open structure (cavernous - air-entrained lightweight
concrete);
e) refractory lightweight concrete.
(10) This normative document does not include health and safety requirements for the
protection of operators during the manufacturing and delivery of concrete.
(11) This normative document supplements the provisions of regulation NE012/1.
(12) The content of this normative regulation complies with the provisions stipulated in
Annexes A, C, E, J, K, L and O of regulation NE 012/1. For lightweight concrete designed
to provide strength/insulation, the provisions stipulated in Annex B of regulation NE 012/1
shall also apply.
2 TECHNICAL AND LEGISLATIVE REFERENCES
(1) The technical and legislative documents are listed as follows:

Ite Standard Name
m
No
1. SR EN 197-1: 2011 Concrete - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity
criteria for common cements
2. SR EN 933-1: 2012 Tests for determining the geometric characteristics of
aggregates. Part 1: Determination of granularity - Sieving-
based granulometric analysis
3. SR EN 933-1: 2002/ A1: 2006 Tests for determining the geometric characteristics of
aggregates. Part 1: Determination of granularity. Sieving-based
granulometric analysis. Amendment
4. SR EN 934-2: 2009 Additives for concrete, mortar and paste. Part 2: Concrete
additives. Definitions, requirements, compliance, marking and
labelling
5. SR EN 1008: 2003 Concrete preparation water. Specifications for sampling,
testing and assessing the ability to use water, including water
recovered from processes specific to the concrete industry,
such as concrete preparation water.
SR EN 1097-1: 2011 Tests for determining the mechanical and physical
6. characteristics of aggregates. Part 1: Determination of
resistance to wear (micro-Deval)
7. SR EN 1097-2: 2010 Tests for determining the mechanical and physical
characteristics of aggregates. Part 2: Methods for determining
resistance to crushing
characteristics of aggregates. Part 3: Methods for determining
bulk volumetric mass and intergranular porosity
characteristics of aggregates. Part 6: Determining the true mass
and absorption coefficient of water
10. SR EN 1097-6: 2002/ A1: 2006 Tests for determining the mechanical and physical
and absorption coefficient of water. Amendment
11. SR EN 1097-6: 2002/ AC: 2003 Tests for determining the mechanical and physical
and absorption coefficient of water
12. SR EN 1262: 2004 Surface active agents. Determination of the pH value for
solutions or dispersions
13. SR EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1. General
rules and rules for buildings
14. SR EN 1992-1-1: 2004/ NB: 2008 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1. General
rules and rules for buildings. National Annex
15 SR EN 1992-1-1: 2004/ AC: 2012 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1. General
rules and rules for buildings. Erratum
16. SR EN 1992-1-1: 2004/ NB: 2008/ Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1. General
A91: 2009 rules and rules for buildings. National Annex
17 SR EN 12350-1: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 1: Sampling
18. SR EN 12350-2: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 2: Settling test
19. SR EN 12350-3: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 3: Vebe test
20. SR EN 12350-4: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 4: Degree of compaction
21. SR EN 12350-5: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 5: Spread mass test
22. SR EN 12350-6: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 6: Density
23. SR EN 12350-7: 2009 Fresh concrete test. Part 7: Air content. Pressure methods
24. SR EN 12390-1: 2002 Hardened concrete test. Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other
requirements for specimens and templates
25. SR EN 12390-1: 2002/ AC: 2006 Hardened concrete test. Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other
requirements for specimens and templates
26 SR EN 12390-2: 2009 Hardened concrete test. Part 2: Preparation and keeping of
specimens used for strength tests
27. SR EN 12390-3: 2009 Hardened concrete test. Part 3: Compressive strength of
Note:
1. The dated references were taken into account when drawing up the technical regulation;
2. On the date of use of the technical regulation, the latest edition of the standards and all
applicable amendments thereto shall be consulted.
Ite
m Legislative documents Publication
No
1. Order No 577/2008 of the Ministry of Development, Public Works Official Journal of
and Housing for approval of the Normative document for the Romania, Part I, No 374 of
production of concrete and execution of concrete, reinforced concrete 16/05/2008
and prestressed concrete works – Part 1: Concrete production, code
NE 012/1/2007.
2. Order No 2514/2010 of the Ministry of Development, Public Works Official Journal of
and Housing for approval of the Normative document for the Romania, Part I, No. 853 of
production and execution of concrete and execution of concrete, 20 December 2010
reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete works – Part 2:
Execution of concrete works, code NE 012/2-2010.
3. Order No 1822/394/2004 of the Ministry of Transport, Official Journal of
Constructions and Tourism and of the Ministry of Administration Romania, Part I, No 90 of
and Internal Affairs for approval of the Regulation regarding the 27/01/2005
classification and categorisation of building products on the basis
of their reaction to fire performance, with its subsequent
amendments and supplementation
3 DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
3.1 Terms and definitions

(1) To comply with the requirements of this normative document, the terms given in NE
012/1 shall be applied, together with the following definitions:
(2) lightweight concrete

concrete with an oven-dry volumetric mass of more than 800 kg/m 3, but less than or equal to
2000 kg/m3, which is fully or partially manufactured using lightweight aggregates and has a
grain size class of 0/4 mm, consisting of an aggregate with a normal volumetric mass or a
lightweight aggregate
(3) ultra-lightweight concrete

concrete with an oven-dry volumetric mass of more than 400 kg/m 3, but less than or equal to
800 kg/m3
(4) high-strength lightweight concrete

lightweight concrete belonging to a compressive strength class superior to class LC50/55
(5) lightweight aggregates (expanded clay, tuff, basaltic scoria, perlite, recycled brick,
etc.)
aggregates with a particle density of up to 2000 kg/m 3 and a bulk density of up to 1200
kg/m3
(6) natural lightweight aggregates

lightweight aggregates of mineral origin, which have only been subjected to a mechanical
process
(7) artificial lightweight aggregates (recycled brick, etc.)

lightweight aggregates of mineral origin obtained as a result of an industrial process, which
includes their thermal treatment, or other modifications
(8) lightweight aggregates from industrial by-products

lightweight aggregates of mineral origin obtained as a result of a mechanical industrial
process, which subsequently were only subjected to a mechanical process
(9) lightweight aggregates obtained by recycling

lightweight aggregates obtained by transforming organic materials (brick, etc.) that were
previously used in constructions
(10) pumice stone

natural lightweight aggregate of volcanic origin
(11) basaltic scoria

(12) diatomite
(13) tuff
(14) perlite
artificial lightweight aggregate obtained from volcanic rock by means of a thermal treatment
(15) vermiculite
artificial lightweight aggregate obtained from volcanic rock by means of a thermal treatment
(16) expanded clay, expanded shale, expanded slate

artificial lightweight aggregates obtained by firing in a rotary oven or by sintering
(17) fly ash

lightweight aggregate obtained by sintering from industrial by-products
(18) expanded blast furnace slag
lightweight aggregate obtained from industrial by-products by means of thermal processes
(19) volumetric mass / true density determined after oven drying

ratio between the mass of the oven dry sample and the volume that it occupies, including its
closed and open pores
(20) volumetric mass / absolute density

ratio between the mass of the oven dry sample and the volume that it occupies in water,
including its closed pores but excluding the open pores
(21) thermal conductivity

a physical property which characterises the capacity of a material to transmit heat when
subjected to a temperature difference
(22) design thermal conductivity

value of the thermal conductivity of a building material or product, under specific
conditions, which can be considered characteristic for the performance of the respective
material, when the latter is incorporated in a building component
(23) thermal conductivity class

interval of variation of the thermal conductivity as a function of the class of volumetric
mass, which is defined by its upper limit
(24) total water content

the water added, plus the water contained in and on the surface of the aggregates, plus the
water contained in the additives and admixtures used in the form of suspensions, as well as
water resulting from adding ice or heating using vapours
(25) efficient water content

difference between the total quantity of water contained in the fresh concrete and the
quantity of water that can be absorbed by the aggregate
(26) fresh concrete consistency

degree of workability of concrete, determined in accordance with SR EN 12350-2, or SR EN
12350-3, or SR EN 12350-4, or SR EN 12350-5: 2009
(27) density of oven-dried hardened concrete

density of the hardened concrete when oven-dried until the specimen reaches a constant
mass and under the conditions required by the method used to determine its volume (by
water displacement - reference method; by calculation using the actual measurements; by
calculation, using the given dimensions - for cubes)
(28) water/cement ratio

ratio between the total quantity of water and the cement content in the fresh concrete. For
light-weight concrete, the water/cement ratio cannot be a criterion for establishing the
composition of concrete, since the quantity of water absorbed by the aggregate is difficult to
determine.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
(29) The provisions of NE012/1 and SR EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply.
flck.cyl Characteristic compressive strength of lightweight concrete,

determined by means of a cylindrical specimen test
flck.cub Characteristic compressive strength of lightweight concrete,
determined by means of a cube specimen test
flc.cil Compressive strength of lightweight concrete, determined by means of
cylindrical specimen tests
flc.cub Compressive strength of lightweight concrete, determined by means of
cube specimen tests
flcm Mean compressive strength of lightweight concrete
flcm 2 Mean compressive strength of lightweight concrete after 2 days
flcm 28 Mean compressive strength of lightweight concrete after 28 days
λ0 Thermal conductivity at the reference temperature
λ Design thermal conductivity
γC Partial safety factor for concrete
4 CLASSIFICATION
4.1 Exposure classes, depending on the environmental actions

(1) The environmental actions applied to lightweight concrete structures and elements,
within the field of application specified in Chapter 1 of this normative document, are
classified into exposure classes.
4.1.1 Meaning of the exposure classes

(2) The meaning of the exposure classes for lightweight concrete shall comply with the
definitions given in NE 012/1, depending on the degradation mechanisms of lightweight
concrete.
4.1.2 Exposure classes for lightweight concrete

(3) The exposure classes for lightweight concrete structures and elements taken into
consideration in this normative document are specified in Table 1.
Table 1 - Exposure classes
Class name Description of the environment Informative examples for the exposure
classes chosen
1 No risk of corrosion or attack
X0 Plain lightweight concrete Supporting walls
without any embedded metallic Lightweight concrete masonry blocks
components. All exposures, Lightweight backfill concrete
except for freeze-thaw situations Ultra-lightweight insulating concrete
and chemical attacks.
2 Corrosion due to carbonation
When the lightweight concrete, which contains reinforcements or embedded metallic
components, is exposed to air and humidity, the exposure must be classified as follows:
NOTE – The humidity conditions taken into consideration are those in the lightweight concrete covering the
reinforcements or embedded metallic components but, in many cases, it can be considered that this humidity
reflects the ambient humidity. In this situation, a classification based on various environments can be acceptable.
The situation cannot be the same if there is a barrier located between the lightweight concrete and its surrounding
environment (lightweight concrete covered with a protective material).
XC1 Dry Lightweight or ultra-lightweight concrete
inside buildings where the degree of
humidity of the ambient environment is low
(including kitchens, bathrooms and
laundries of residential buildings).
XC3 Moderate humidity Lightweight or ultra-lightweight concrete
applied on the outside, but in weatherproof
locations (elements that are constantly or
often exposed to outdoor air, such as: open
bays).
3 Freeze-thaw attack with or without de-icing agents
When the lightweight concrete is subject to significant attacks due to freeze-thaw cycles
whilst wet, the exposure classes shall be the following:
XF1 Moderate water saturation Vertical surfaces made of lightweight
without de-icing agents concrete, exposed to rain and frost
4 Chemical attack
NOTE -A special study may be necessary in order to determine the adequate exposure class for the surrounding
environment, in the following situations:
- it contains aggressive chemical substances other than those mentioned in Annex II;
- chemically-polluted rainwater;
Class name Description of the environment Informative examples for the exposure
classes chosen
XA1b Environment with a low level of Lightweight or ultra-lightweight concrete
chemical aggression. In applied on the outside, but in weatherproof
accordance with Annex II. locations.
NOTE 1 - Several exposure classes will generally need to be combined to characterise the exposure of
lightweight concrete. Table 1a gives examples of such combinations.
(4) Lightweight concrete can be subjected to several destructive environmental actions,
which are described in Table 1. In this case, the environmental conditions to which the
concrete is subjected must be expressed as combinations of exposure classes (see Table 1a).
(5) For a given structural element, different lightweight concrete surfaces can be subjected to
different environmental actions.
Table 1a - Combinations of exposure classes applicable to lightweight concrete
Exposure Combinations of exposure

classes
Description Examples RNC(1) RC(2)
On the interior Inside residential or office X0 XC1
buildings
On the exterior
Exposed to freezing, Covered open-side garages, XF1 XC3 + XF1
but without any walkways, etc.
contact with rain
1)
Non-reinforced lightweight concrete; 2) Reinforced lightweight concrete.
4.2 Fresh lightweight concrete
4.2.1 Consistency classes

(6) The provisions of regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied with.
NOTE - Also see Article 5.4.1.
4.2.2 Classes as a function of the maximum aggregate size
(7) When lightweight concrete is classified according to the maximum aggregate size, the
classification must be carried out starting from the nominal maximum size of the coarse
aggregate present in the lightweight concrete (Dmax), in accordance with SR EN 13055-1.
NOTE - D is the size of the sieves used to determine the granularity of the aggregate, in accordance with SR
EN 13055-1.
4.3 Hardened lightweight concrete
4.3.1 Classes of compressive strength

(8) When the lightweight concrete is classified according to its compressive strength, Table
2 shall apply. The value flck.cyl is the characteristic strength after 28 days, determined using
cylinders with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm. The value f lck.cub is the
characteristic strength after 28 days, determined using cubes with a side length of 150 mm.
NOTE - In certain particular situations, it shall be possible to use strength levels that are intermediate
compared to the values specified in Table 2, if the corresponding calculation regulations allow it.
Table 2 – Strength classes for lightweight aggregate concrete

(9) In accordance with the provisions of NE 012/1:
Compressive strength Minimum characteristic Minimum characteristic

classes strength of cylinders strength of cubes a)
flck.cyl flck.cub
N/mm2 N/mm2
LC8/9 8 9
LC12/13 12 13
LC16/18 16 18
LC20/22 20 22
LC25/28 25 28
LC30/33 30 33
LC35/38 35 38
LC40/44 40 44
LC45/50 45 50
LC50/55 50 55
LC55/60 55 60
LC60/66 60 66
LC70/77 70 77
LC80/88 80 88
a) Other values can be used if a relationship with the reference values for the cylinders is established and
documented with sufficient accuracy.
4.3.2 Volumetric mass classes for lightweight concrete
(10) When the lightweight concrete is classified according to its volumetric mass, Table 3
shall apply.
Table 3 – Classification of the volumetric mass of lightweight aggregate concrete
Volumetric mass D0.8 D1.0 D1.2 D1.4 D1.6 D1.8 D2.0

classes
Volumetric mass > 400 > 800 >1000 >1200 >1400 >1600 >1800
interval, in kg/m3 and and and and and and and
≤ 800 ≤ 1000 ≤ 1200 ≤ 1400 ≤ 1600 ≤ 1800 ≤ 2000
NOTE: Volumetric mass ρ of the lightweight concrete can be characterised by specified values.
4.3.3 Classification of lightweight concrete according to its volumetric mass and

compressive strength
(11) When lightweight concrete is classified according to its volumetric mass and
compressive strength, Table 4 shall apply.
Table 4 – Categories of lightweight aggregate concrete
Category of Compressive Volumetric mass

lightweight concrete class*
strength
class
Insulating concrete - D0.8
LC 8/9
Insulating and strength concrete > LC 8/9 D1.0

D1.2
D1.4
< LC16/18 D1.6
Strength concrete D1.8
≥ LC16/18 D2.0
NOTE: The volumetric mass class of the lightweight concrete is for guidance only.
4.3.4 Classification of lightweight aggregate concrete according to its volumetric mass

and thermal conductivity
(12) Thermal conductivity can be determined experimentally in accordance with STAS

5912-89, or in accordance with SR EN 12667:2002. The thermal conductivity classes CT 24,
CT 29, CT 40, CT 55, CT 78 and CT 105, defined by the upper limit of the interval of
variation of the thermal conductivity, shall be introduced as a function of the volumetric
mass class.
(13) The design thermal conductivity (λ) shall be determined with relationship (1)
qd
 (1)
T
where:
q = heat flux density [W/m2]
d = average specimen thickness [m]
ΔT = temperature difference [°K]

(14) When the lightweight concrete is classified according to its volumetric mass and
thermal conductivity, Table 5 shall apply.
Table 5 – Categories of lightweight aggregate concrete
Categories of Volumetri Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity

lightweight c mass λ0/ λ class
concrete class (W/m°K)
Insulating concrete D0.8 0.11/0.18......................0.15/0.24 CT 24
Insulating and D1.0 0.16/0.24……………..0.19/0.29 CT 29
strength concrete D1.2 0.20/0.30……………..0.30/0.40 CT 40
D1.4 0.31/0.40……………..0.40/0.55 CT 55
D1.6
Strength concrete D1.8 0.41/0.55……………..0.61/0.78 CT 78
D2.0 0.62/0.78……………..0.78/1.05 CT 105
(15) The intended uses of lightweight concrete in accordance with the classification
presented in Table 3 and Table 4 are given in Table 6.
Table 6 Intended uses of lightweight concrete

Category of lightweight Intended use
concrete
Lightweight strength Monolithic or prefabricated building elements made of
concrete reinforced lightweight concrete, to be used in civilian,
industrial, agricultural and zootechnical buildings,
footbridges, pipe trestles, beams, lintels, girdles, floor slabs,
interior and exterior wall panels, roof elements, etc.
Insulating and strength Closing elements made of plain or reinforced concrete in the
lightweight concrete form of large masonry-replacement blocks or wall panels
for civilian, industrial, agricultural and zootechnical
buildings
Balustrade elements, strips for partition walls
Lightweight insulating Insulating concrete (thermal insulating plaster or slabs, etc.)
concrete
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE AND VERIFICATION

METHODS
5.1 Basic requirements for component materials

(1) The basic requirements for the component materials of lightweght concrete belonging to
density classes between D0.8 and D2.0, namely: cement, lightweight aggregates (expanded
clay, tuff, basaltic scoria, perlite, recycled brick, etc.), aggregates with a normal volumetric
mass, mixing water, additives and admixtures types I and II, shall comply with the
provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1.
5.2 Basic requirements for the composition of lightweight concrete
5.2.1 General information
(2) The composition of lightweight concrete and its component materials with specified
properties or specified composition shall be chosen (see Article 6.1 of this normative
document) so that the requirements specified for fresh and hardened lightweight concrete are
complied with, including the volumetric mass, consistency, strength, durability and anti-
corrosion protection of embedded steel components, taking into account the production
processes and technology intended to be used in for the concrete works.
(3) When these are not stipulated in the specifications, the manufacturer shall have to select
the types and classes of component materials from amongst those whose usability is
established for the specific environmental conditions.
NOTE 1 - If there are no contrary provisions, the composition of lightweight concrete shall be established so
that the occurrence of water separation and segregation phenomena in fresh lightweight concrete is minimised.
NOTE 2 - Before drawing up specifications for lightweight concrete, one must take into consideration the
requirements regarding transportation, installation, compaction, initial and subsequent treatment, in accordance
with the provisions stipulated in SR EN 13670:2010 and regulation NE 012-2, as well as the applicable
specific technical regulations in force. If all these requirements are met, the differences in quality between the
lightweight concrete within the structure and the standard test specimens shall considered using the partial
safety factor for concrete γC.
5.2.2 Choosing the cement

NOTE - Annex III (informative) gives general recommendations for choosing a certain type of cement.
5.2.3 Utilisation of aggregates
(5) The grain size classes recommended for the aggregates used to prepare lightweight
concrete shall comply with regulation NE 012/1, for various nominal maximum aggregate
sizes: 0/8, 0/16, 0/22, 0/32 and 0/63 mm.
5.2.3.1 General information
(6) The physical properties of lightweight aggregates (aggregate size, maximum nominal
size of the aggregate, granularity, particle shape, fine particle content, water absorption,
water content, resistance to crushing, percentage of fractured particles, disintegration
resistance, freeze-thaw resistance), the chemical properties of lightweight aggregates
(chlorine and sulphide content, organic contamination, alkali-silica reactions), as well as the
characteristics of the aggregate with a normal volumetric mass (ordinary aggregate) shall be
selected in accordance with the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1.
5.2.3.3 Recovered aggregates
(7) The granulometric fraction 0-4 mm recovered from the wash water or fresh lightweight
concrete can be used as an aggregate for lightweight concrete, providing that is does not
represent more than 5% of the total aggregate quantity.
5.2.3.3 Resistance to alkali-silica reactions
5.2.4 Utilisation of recycled water
(9) Recycled water resulting from the production of lightweight concrete shall be used in
accordance with Annex A of SR EN 1008.
5.2.5 Utilisation of admixtures
(10) To be able to be used in lightweight concrete, the quantities of type I and type II
admixtures must undergo initial tests (see NE 012/1).
NOTE 1 - The influence that the high quantities of admixtures may have on properties other than resistance
(e.g. durablity) must be taken into consideration.
(11) Type II admixtures can be considered for the composition of lightweight concrete,
providing that the cement content is complied with, if the usability of the admixtures has
been established.
NOTE 2 - Usability shall be determined in accordance with the provisions stipulated in NE 012/1.
(12) Ashes shall be used as admixtures in lightweight concrete in accordance with regulation
NE 012/1.
5.2.6 Utilisation of additives
(13) The total quantity of additives used shall not exceed the maximum dosage
recommended by the additive manufacturer, unless the influence of a higher dosage on the
performance and durability of lightweight concrete has been established.
(14) The quantity of additives used can only be less than 2 g/kg if the additives are dispersed
in some of the mixing water.
(15) If the total quantity of liquid additive (in solution) exceeds 3 l/m 3 of lightweight
concrete, its water content shall be taken into consideration when calculating the total water
content.
(16) When several additives are used, their compatibility shall be checked during the initial
tests.
NOTE - Lightweight concrete with a consistency ≥ S4; V4; C3 or ≥ F4 shall be manufactured using high-
range water-reducing additives or superplasticizers.
(17) Lightweight concrete must be prepared using additives. The usage requirements for
additives are presented in Table 7.
Table 7 – Usage requirements for additives
Ite Type of lightweight concrete, technology, Additive recommended Comments

m pouring
No
1. Lightweight strength concrete belonging to Plasticizer As applicable:
a class between LC8/9 and LC30/33, Superplasticizer
inclusively
2. Lightweight concrete with low Water reducer / As applicable:
permeability plasticizer - high-range water
reducer /
superplasticizer
- waterproofing agent
3. Monolithic lightweight concrete belonging Superplasticizer / high-
to a class ≥ LC35/38 range water reducer
4. Fluid lightweight concrete Superplasticizer
5. Lightweight concrete poured using special (Plasticizer)

technologies superplasticizer +
set retarder
6. Lightweight concrete poured in hot Set retarder +
weather superplasticizer
(Plasticizer)
7. Lightweight concrete poured in cold Set accelerator
weather, at temperatures above 5°C
8. Lightweight concrete with high strength Non-chloride hardening
over short periods of time accelerators
5.2.7 Chloride content
5.2.8 Temperature of lightweight concrete
(19) The temperature of fresh lightweight concrete upon delivery must be higher than or
equal to + 5ºC.
(20) In general, the temperature of fresh lightweight concrete must be less than or equal to
30ºC if no special measures were taken to ensure that exceeding the 30ºC temperature will
not have negative effects on the quality of the hardened lightweight concrete (for example,
carrying out initial tests using a set retarder additive.
(21) Lightweight concrete shall only be poured when the temperature exceeds + 5ºC. If the
cement dose is lower than 240 kg/m3 or if a cement with a low heat of hydration is used (e.g.
class 32.5 N), the temperature of the lightweight concrete at the pouring site must be higher
than + 10ºC.
(22) If there is a need for another maximum or minimum temperature requirement for fresh
lightweight concrete, this must be specified and the tolerances must be given. All
requirements regarding the artificial cooling or heating of lightweight concrete shall be
established, by mutual consent, between the manufacturer and the beneficiary.
5.3 Requirements for exposure classes
(23) The requirements for the lightweight concrete to resist environmental aggression, as
defined in Annex II, are often given in terms of limit values for the composition and
established properties of the lightweight concrete (see Article 5.3.2 of this normative
document); alternatively, the requirements can be obtained using performance-based design
methods (see Article 5.3.3 of this normative document). The requirements must take into
account the lifespan stipulated for the structure.
5.3.2 Limit values for the composition of concrete
(24) In the absence of any European standards for direct performance testing of lightweight
concrete, for reasons relating to different long-term experiences, the methods specified for
resistance to environmental aggression are given in this normative document in terms of
established properties of the concrete and value limits for its composition.
(25) The requirements for each exposure class must be specified in terms of:
a) permissible types and classes of component materials;

b) minimum cement content;
c) minimum compressive strength classes of lightweight concrete;
d) minimum air content of lightweight concrete (if applicable).
NOTE 1 - Tables I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6 (Annex I) present the composition requirements, the properties of
lightweight concrete and the use of cement. The maximum fine particle content of lightweight concrete is
presented in tables I.7 and I.8 of Annex I.
NOTE 2 - The provisions valid for the site where the lightweight concrete is used must include requirements based on an
estimated lifespan of at least 50 years, when the maintenance conditions stipulated in the design are ensured. More or less
severe limit values may be necessary for shorter or longer lifespans. In this situation, for the specified lightweight concrete
compositions or under special conditions relating to anti-corrosion protection, with regard to the thickness of the concrete
covering the reinforcements, the applicable specific technical regulations in force will be complied with.
(26) If the lightweight concrete complies with the specified limit values, it shall be deemed
that it can meet the durability requirements in relation to its intended use, in accordance with
the following requirements:
a) the lightweight concrete must be poured, compacted and treated correctly, in
accordance with the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012-2, as well as other applicable
specific technical regulations and standards in force.
b) the lightweight concrete covering the reinforcement must have the minimum
thickness, according to the exposure class and depending on the environmental actions and
the applicable specific technical regulations and standards in force.
5.3.3 Performance-based design methods
(27) The requirements for the exposure classes can be established using design methods
based on durability performance and can be established in terms of performance parameters.
Regulation NE 012/1 provides indications regarding the use of alternative design methods
depending on the durability performance.
5.4 Requirements for fresh lightweight concrete
5.4.1 Consistency
(28) The consistency of lightweight concrete shall be determined by testing, in accordance

with the methods stipulated in regulation NE 012/1.
(29) The recommended testing methods for lightweight concrete are those stipulated in
regulation NE 012/1.
(30) When the consistency of lightweight concrete must be determined, this characteristic
shall be determined at the time the lightweight concrete is used or, for ready-mixed
lightweight concrete, at the time of delivery.
(31) If the lightweight concrete is delivered in a mixer truck or agitating drum, the
provisions for ordinary concrete stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied with.
(32) The consistency can be specified, by referencing a consistency class, in accordance

with Article 4.2.1 of this normative document or, in particular situations, by means of a
given value. In this situation, the tolerances are given in regulation NE 012/1.
5.4.2 Cement content
(33) The cement content, admixture content and dosed water content must be recorded either
on the print-out of the mixture recorder, or in the production register.
(34) The water absorption of the aggregates shall be determined in order to establish the
efficient water content.
(35) The water absorption of lightweight aggregates and aggregates with a normal
volumetric mass present in fresh concrete shall be the value obtained after one hour,
determined in accordance with SR EN 1097-6 using the humidity value of the wet aggregate
instead of the value of the oven-dried aggregate.
(36) When the minimum cement content is replaced with the minimum content of (cement +
admixtures), the method must be amended accordingly.
(37) When the cement content or admixture content of fresh lightweight concrete needs to
be determined, the testing methods and tolerances used must be agreed between the person
drawing up the specifications and the manufacturer.
5.4.3 Air content
(38) The air content of lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance with SR
13535:2009.
5.4.4 Maximum aggregate size
(39) The maximum nominal aggregate size shall be determined in accordance with SR EN
933-1.
The maximum aggregate size, as defined in SR EN 13055-1 and SR EN 12620, must not
exceed the specified size.
5.5 Requirements for hardened lightweight concrete
5.5.1 Strength

(40) The provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 must be complied with when
determining the compressive strength of lightweight concrete.
5.5.1.2 Compressive strength

(41) The compressive strength of lightweight concrete has the symbol flc.cub, when
determined using cube specimens, and the symbol flc.cil when determined using cylindrical
specimens, in accordance with SR EN 12390-3.
(42) To use different size specimens and choose to perform cube or cylinder tests in order to
assess compressive strength, the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 shall be
complied with.
(43) Unless stipulated otherwise, the compressive strength shall be determined using
specimens tested after 28 days. For certain uses, the compressive strength may need to be
specified for periods shorter or longer than 28 days, or after preservation in special
conditions.
(44) The characteristic strength of lightweight concrete must be equal to or higher than the
minimum characteristic compressive strength for the specified strength class (Table 2).
(45) When it is likely that the compressive strength tests carried out will return non-
representative values, the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied
with.
NOTE - The concrete strength in structures or structural elements should be assessed in accordance with the
provisions stipulated in SR EN 13791 and the applicable specific technical regulations in force.
5.5.1.3 Tensile strength

(46) The bending tensile strength of lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance
with the provisions stipulated in SR EN 12390-5: 2009.
(47) The splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete shall be determined in accordance
with the provisions stipulated in SR EN 12390-6: 2010.
5.5.2 Volumetric mass
(48) The volumetric mass/density of the oven-dried lightweight concrete shall be determined
in accordance with SR EN 12390-7 and must be within the limits of the stipulated density
classes (see Table 3 of this normative document). In individual cases, when the volumetric
mass is specified within the stipulated value terms, a tolerance of ± 30 kg/m 3 shall be
applied.
5.5.3 Water penetration resistance
(49) If the water penetration resistance needs to be specified, the conformity criteria and
method shall be agreed between the beneficiary and the manufacturer.
5.5.4 Reaction to fire
(50) It shall be considered that concrete building elements consisting of heavyweight and
lightweight mineral aggregates, cement, additives, admixtures and other mineral materials,
in accordance with regulation NE 012/1, belong to class A1 or A1FL of reaction to fire,
without the need to carry out any fire behaviour tests, in accordance with the Regulation
regarding the classification and grouping of building products based on their fire behaviour
performance, approved by Joint Order No 1.822/394/2004 of the Ministry of Transport,
Constructions and Tourism and the Ministry of Administration and Interior, with the
subsequent modifications and supplementation.
5.5.5 Thermal conductivity
(51) The thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete designed to provide insulation and/or
strength shall be determined in accordance with SR EN 12667:2002 or in accordance with
STAS 5912-89.
6 LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 General information

(1) The provisions of regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied with. For exposure classes, see
point 4.1 of this normative document.
6.2 Specifications for the designed lightweight concrete (with specified properties)

6.2.2 Basic data
(3) The lightweight concrete specifications must include:

a) requirements for compliance with the present normative document;
b) class of compressive strength;
c) exposure classes;
d) maximum nominal aggregate size;
e) the category of chlorides contained, depending on the intended use of the lightweight
concrete (plain lightweight concrete, reinforced lightweight concrete), in accordance with
the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1;
f) class of volumetric mass;
g) the volumetric mass specified;
h) the thermal conductivity class, for:
(4) In addition, for ready-to-use lightweight concrete and lightweight concrete prepared on
site:
a) the consistency class or, in special situations, the specified consistency value.
6.2.3 Additional requirements
(5) The provisions specified in regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied with.
6.3 Specifications for lightweight concrete with a prescribed composition

(6) The provisions specified in regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied with.
6.3.2 Basic requirements
(7) The specifications must include:

a) requirements for compliance with the present normative document;
b) the cement dosage;
c) the type and characteristics of the cement used;
d) the consistency, either in terms of class or, in special situations, as specified values;
e) the type, origin, category and maximum volumetric mass of the lightweight aggregates, as
well as the maximum chloride content of the aggregates;
f) the maximum nominal aggregate size and granulometric limits;
g) the type and quantity of additives or admixtures, if applicable;
h) indications regarding the type, origin and characteristics of all additives and admixtures;
i) the volumetric mass of the lightweight concrete;
j) the thermal conductivity of the lightweight concrete.
6.3.3 Additional requirements

7 DELIVERY OF FRESH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
7.1 Information provided by the lightweight concrete user to the manufacturer
7.2 Information provided by the lightweight concrete manufacturer to the user
The following information shall be provided, upon request, for concrete with specified
performance:
s) the type and strength class of the cement, and the type of lightweight aggregates used;
b) the type of additives as well as the type and approximated content of admixtures, if
applicable;
c) the results of all recent tests carried out for this lightweight concrete, for example:
production control tests or initial tests;
d) strength evolution;
e) the source of component materials;
f) for lightweight concrete supplemented with an additive on site: the consistency class or
the consistency stipulated before and after adding the additive;
g) the volumetric mass.
7.3 Delivery note for ready-to-use lightweight concrete
(3) The information that must be included in the delivery note for each batch of ready-to-use
lightweight concrete shall comply with the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1.
(4) In addition, the delivery note must provide the following details:
a) for lightweight concrete with specified properties:

i) the class of volumetric mass;
ii) the strength class;
iii) the exposure classes (the exposure classes or lightweight concrete categories in
accordance with Table 1 and Annex I, indicating the combinations of exposure classes);
iv) the chloride content class;
v) the consistency class or specified value;
vi) the limit composition limits for lightweight concrete, when specified (including the water
content of aggregates);
vii) the type and strength class of the cement, when specified;
viii) the type of additives and admixtures, if specified;
ix) special properties, if required;
x) maximum nominal size of lightweight aggregates.
b) for lightweight concrete with prescribed composition

i) details about the composition, e.g. the type of lightweight aggregate used, the cement
dosage and, if necessary, the type of additives used;
ii) consistency in terms of class or specified value, depending on the specifications;
iii) maximum nominal aggregate size.
7.4 Delivery information for concrete designed to be prepared on site
(5) The provisions stipulated in Chapter 7.3 of this normative document shall be complied
with.
7.5 Consistency upon delivery

8 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT AND CONFORMITY CRITERIA
8.2 Conformity assessment of lightweight concrete with specified properties
8.2.1 Conformity assessment of compressive strength
8.2.2 Conformity assessment of splitting tensile strength
8.2.3 Conformity assessment for properties other than strength
8.2.3.1 Sampling and testing plan
(4) The selection and sampling procedures, as well as the minimum number of samples and
the testing methods shall comply with the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1.
(5) The water/cement ratio stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 shall not be considered a
conformity criteria when assessing the conformity of lightweight concrete.
8.2.3.2 Conformity criteria for properties other than strength
(6) For the volumetric mass and other properties of lightweight concrete apart from strength
(cement dosage, air content circulated in the fresh concrete, the chloride content in the
concrete, consistency) the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 with regard to the
testing method, the minimum number of measurements and the maximum permissible
deviation shall be complied with.
(7) For thermal conductivity, the minimum number of samples shall comply with the
provisions regarding the conformity assessment of compressive strength (see point 8.2.1 of
this normative document). The conditioning and testing methods used to determine
conductivity shall comply with SR EN 12667:2002 and STAS 5912-89. The specimen sizes
shall be chosen depending on the type of equipment used to determine the thermal
conductivity.
8.3 Conformity assessment of lightweight concrete with a prescribed composition
(8) The provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 shall be complied with; however, the
efficient water/cement ratio can be used to assess the conformity of lightweight concrete
with a prescribed composition, since the water/cement ratio is not considered a conformity
criterion.
8.4 Actions to be taken in the event of non-compliance of the product
9 PRODUCTION CONTROL
9.2 Production control systems
9.3 Recorded data and other documents

(3) All production control data shall be recorded, as shown in Table 8. The production
control data shall be kept for a minimum of three years, unless there are obligations which
require that they are kept for a longer period of time.
Table 8 – Recorded data and other documents, if applicable

Scope Recorded data and other documents
Specified requirements Contract specifications or summary of requirements
Cement, aggregates, additives, Name of suppliers and sources
admixtures
Tests carried out on the mixing water Date and place of sampling
(not required for drinking water) Test results
Tests carried out on the component Test date and results
materials
Composition of the lightweight Description of the lightweight concrete
concrete Recording the masses of the components for a mixture or
a batch (e.g. cement dosage)
Chloride content
Family member code
Tests carried out on fresh lightweight Date and place of sampling
concrete Intended use within the works, if known
Consistency (method used and results)
Density, when specified
Temperature of the concrete, when specified
Air content, when specified
Volume of concrete in the mixture or batch being tested
Number and code of the test specimens
Tests carried out on hardened Test date
lightweight concrete Code and age of the specimens
Results of the volumetric mass, strength and conductivity
tests
Special comments (e.g. unusual breakage characteristics
of the specimens)
Conformity assessment Compliance/non-compliance with the specifications
In addition for ready-to-use Buyer's name
lightweight concrete Site identification, for example the building location
Number and date of the delivery note, corresponding to
the tests
Delivery note
In addition for prefabricated elements Additional or different data may be required by the
specific product standard
9.4 Tests
9.5 Composition of lightweight concrete and initial tests
9.6 Personnel, equipment and installations
9.6.1 Personnel
9.6.2 Equipment and installations
9.6.2.1 Storage of materials
9.6.2.2 Dosage equipment
9.6.2.3 Mixers
9.6.2.4 Testing equipment

9.7 Dosage of the component materials
9.8 Mixing of the lightweight concrete
(12) When placing the aggregates inside the mixer, their humidity must correspond to the
absorption after one hour. Completely dry aggregates shall not be used, since these can lead
to significant rheological modifications to the fresh lightweight concrete and create
difficulties during its use.
(13) The aggregates and 50% of the quantity of efficient water determined for the respective
mixture shall be placed inside the mixer. The cement and fine admixtures shall be added
after approximately one minute of mixing, and then the mixing process is resumed, adding
the remaining water.
(14) The time passed between the initial mixing step and the end of the final mixing step
(e.g. mixing in a mixer truck) must be extended until the water absorption by the aggregate
and the quasi-complete evacuation of the air entrapped in the lightweight aggregates no
longer have a negative impact on the properties of the hardened concrete.
(15) The provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 with regard to the use of additives
shall be complied with.
(16) If the values obtained for the apparent density do not vary by more than ± 30 kg/m 3
from the apparent density of the fresh concrete, this confirms that the composition is correct.
9.9 Production control procedures
(17) The type and frequency of any inspections and tests carried out on the component
materials of lightweight concrete, as well as any inspections of the stations, production
equipment and means of transport shall comply with the provisions stipulated in regulation
NE 012/1.
(18) The characteristics of lightweight concrete with specified properties shall be checked
against the requirements specified in Table 9 of this normative document.
(19) The composition of the lightweight concrete, as well as its consistency and temperature,
if specified, shall be checked against the requirements stipulated in Table 9 (rows 2 to 4,
rows 6 and 7 and rows 9 to 13).
(20) The inspection shall include the production, transportation to the unloading site and
delivery.
(21) Certain types of lightweight concrete may need additional requirements for production
control.
(22) If the contract concluded between the manufacturer and the beneficiary defines special
requirements for lightweight concrete, the production control shall include other actions in
addition to those stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 and Table 9 of this normative document.
(23) The actions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1 and Table 9 of this normative document
can be adapted to the specific conditions present at the production site, and can be replaced
by other actions that ensure an equivalent level of production control.
Table 9 – Control of the production procedures and lightweight concrete

characteristics
Ite Characteristic Inspection/test Aim Minimum frequency
m
No
1. Properties of Initial tests (in To demonstrate that Before using a new
lightweight concrete accordance with the specified lightweight concrete
with NE 012/1) properties are composition
specified obtained using the
properties proposed formula,
with a suitable margin
2. Humidity Continuous Determination of the Daily for a
of the sand measurement aggregate mass and discontinuous test. The
system, the quantity frequency is also
drying tests of added water influenced by the local
or other equivalent and atmospheric
tests conditions.
3. Humidity Drying tests Determination of the Depending on the local

of the coarse or other equivalent quantity of aggregates and atmospheric
aggregate tests and water that must be conditions.
added
Table 9 (continued)
4. Water Verification of theObtaining data Every mixture.
content of quantity of mixingfor the total water
fresh lightweight water added content
concrete
5. Chloride Initial determination Assurance that theDuring initial tests.
content of by calculation maximum chlorideIf the chloride content of
lightweight concrete content is not exceeded the component materials
increases
6. Consistency Visual examination Comparison with a Every mixture.
concrete with normal
appearance
7. Consistency Assessment ofWhen the consistency is
tests in workability. specified, in accordance
accordance with: with NE 012/1 for
SR EN 12350-2 / compressive strength. For
SR EN 12350-3 / air content tests.
SR EN 12350-4 / If there are any doubts after
SR EN 12350-5 the visual examination.
8. Volumetric mass of theDetermination of the For lightweight concrete,Daily
fresh lightweight volumetric mass in to
concrete accordance with supervise the
SR EN 12350-6 mixtures and
monitor density
9. Cement Recording theChecking Every mixture
content of quantity the cement content
fresh lightweight of cement useda
concrete
10. Admixture Recording the Checking Every mixture
content of quantity the admixture
fresh lightweight of admixtures content
concrete addeda
11. Additive Checking the mass Checking the additive Every mixture
content of or volume of content
fresh lightweight additive addeda
concrete
12. Entrapped air Test carried out in Assessment of the way The first mixtures or
content of accordance with in which batched of each daily
fresh lightweight SR 13535:2009 the specified production, until the values
concrete entrapped stabilise.
if air content
specified
Table 9 (continued)
Temperature Temperature Assessment of the way Every mixture or batch,
13. of the fresh lightweight measurement in which when the temperature is
concrete the minimum near the lower limit or
temperature of 50C or the upper limit,
the specified value respectively.
was obtained
14. Volumetric mass of the Test carried out in To assess the way in The same frequency as
hardened lightweight accordance with which for the conformity
concrete SR EN 12390-7b the specified
assessment of
volumetric mass compressive strength
was obtained (NE 012/1)
15. Compressive Test carried out in To assess the way in When the compressive
strength accordance with which strength of lightweight
using specimens SR EN 12390-7b the specified strength concrete is specified,
made in was obtained with the same
templates frequency as for the
conformity assessment
(NE 012/1)
16. Conductivity Test carried out in To assess the way in When the thermal
of the hardened accordance with which conductivity of the
lightweight concrete SR EN 12667:2002 the specified lightweight concrete is
conductivity specified, the same
was obtained frequency as for the
conformity assessment
of compressive strength
(NE 012/1).
a
When the recording equipment is not used and the weighing tolerances for mixtures or batches are exceeded, the weighted
quantities shall be recorded in the production register
b
These can also be tested under conditions of saturation, if a safe relationship with the density of the oven-dried concrete is
established.
10 CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
10.2 Assessment, monitoring and certification of production control
11 MARKING CONCRETE WITH SPECIFIED PROPERTIES
(1) If the essential properties of the lightweight concrete being designed need to be supplied
in a shortened format, the following shall be used:
- reference to this normative document;
- volumetric mass: specifying the class given in Table 1 or the specified value, e.g. D 1.8, in
accordance with regulation NE 012/1;
- class of compressive strength; strength class, as defined in Table 2, for example LC25/28;
- thermal conductivity class, e.g. CT 78
- exposure class (combination of exposure classes), in accordance with Tables 1 and 1a of

this normative document, as well as the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1;
- maximum chloride content: the class defined in regulation NE 012/1, e.g. Cl 0.20;
- consistency: through classes, as defined in 4.2.1, or the specified value.
- maximum nominal aggregate size; value Dmax as defined in 4.2.2; for example, Dmax 22.
Marking example:
Lightweight concrete D1.8 LC16/18 CT 78 XC1 (RO) Cl 0.20 S1 D max 16, in accordance
with C 155
12 ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
12.1 Field of application
(1) Ultra-lightweight concrete can be used to manufacture elements without mechanical

strength requirements: insulating concrete or non-ornamental concrete slabs for thermal
insulating layers, etc. Ultra-lightweight concrete cannot be exposed to the environment
without suitable protection.
(2) Ultra-lightweight concrete shall not be subject to the provisions stipulated in regulation
NE 012/1 and the provisions of standard SR EN 1992-1-1: 2004 regarding the design of
concrete structures.
12.2 Normative references

(3) See Chapter 2 of this normative document.
12.3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations

12.4 Classification
(5) Ultra-lightweight concrete belongs to density class D0.8 and has a lower compressive
strength than class LC8/9, in accordance with regulation NE 012/1. Ultra-lightweight
concrete belongs to thermal conductivity class CT 24 (see point 4.3.4 of this normative
document).
(6) The permissible exposure classes for ultra-lightweight concrete are X0, XC1, XC3 and
XA1b (see point 4.1 of this normative document).
12.5 Requirements for ultra-lightweight concrete
12.5.1 Basic requirements for component materials
(7) See Chapter 5.1 of this normative document.
12.5.2 Basic requirements for the composition of ultra-lightweight concrete
(8) Ultra-lightweight concrete can be made of: cement, lightweight aggregates (perlite,
etc.), mixing water, additives (as applicable: air entraining agents, plasticizers,
superplasticizers, set retarders, set accelerators) and, if applicable, type I admixtures
(pigments, etc.) or type II admixtures (fly ash, ultra-fine silica, etc.).
(9) The basic requirements for the component materials of ultra-lightweight concrete shall
comply with the provisions stipulated in regulation NE 012/1.
12.5.2.2 Choosing the cement
(10) Ultra-lightweight concrete shall comply with the provisions stipulated in Annex I of this
normative document, Tables I.3, I.4, I.5 and I.6 for plain concrete, considered according to
the exposure class of the ultra-lightweight concrete (see 12.1).
(11) The provisions stipulated in Annex III, Table III.1 of this normative document shall also
be taken into consideration when choosing the type of cement. For pouring in hot weather,
reference shall be made to Annex III, Table III.3 of this normative document.
12.5.2.3 Use of aggregates

(12) The recommended maximum nominal size of the aggregates used to prepare the ultra-
lightweight concrete is 8 mm.
12.5.2.4 Utilisation of recycled water

(13) See Chapter 5.2.4 of this normative document.
12.5.2.5 Utilisation of admixtures

12.5.2.6 Utilisation of additives
(15) The requirements for using additives in ultra-lightweight concrete are presented in
Table 10.
Table 10 – Requirements for the utilisation of additives in ultra-lightweight concrete

Ite Type of lightweight concrete, technology, Additive recommended
m pouring
No
1 Fluid ultra-lightweight concrete Superplasticizer
2 Ultra-lightweight concrete poured using (Plasticizer)

special technologies superplasticizer + set retarder
3 Ultra-lightweight concrete poured in hot Set retarder + superplasticizer
weather (Plasticizer)
4 Ultra-lightweight concrete poured in cold Set accelerator
weather, at temperatures above 5°C
12.5.3 Requirements for exposure classes
(16) The requirements for ultra-lightweight concrete corresponding to each exposure class
must be specified in terms of:
a) permissible types and classes of component materials;
b) minimum cement content;
c) minimum air content of ultra-lightweight concrete (if applicable).
(17) The physical properties (aggregate size, granularity, particle shape, content of fine
particles, water absorption and water content) and the chemical properties (chloride and
sulphide content, organic contaminations, alkali-silica reactions) of the lightweight
aggregates used to manufacture ultra-lightweight concrete shall be selected by taking into
account: the technology used to build the structure, its intended use and the environmental
stresses which the lightweight concrete will have to endure.
(18) The basic composition requirements for ultra-lightweight concrete shall be chosen in
accordance with the provisions of this normative document, as applicable (see 5.2).
12.5.4 Requirements for fresh ultra-lightweight concrete
(19) See Chapter 5.4 of this normative document.
12.5.5 Requirements for hardened lightweight concrete
12.5.5.1 Strength
(20) See Chapters 5.5.1 and 12.4 of this normative document.
12.5.5.2 Volumetric mass
(21) See Chapters 5.5.2 and 12.4 of this normative document.

12.5.5.3 Water penetration resistance
12.5.5.4 Reaction to fire
12.6 Ultra-lightweight concrete specifications
12.7 Delivery of fresh ultra-lightweight concrete
12.8 Conformity control and conformity criteria
12.9 Production control
12.10 Conformity assessment
12.11 Marking of ultra-lightweight concrete with specified properties
Annex I
(normative)
Recommendations for lightweight concrete composition limits
(1) This annex provides recommendations for choosing the limit values for the composition
and properties of lightweight concrete depending on its exposure class, in accordance with
5.3.2.
(2) Tables I.1 and I.2 contain the limit values for the composition and properties of
lightweight concrete, depending on the exposure class and based on an estimated structure
lifespan and maintenance period of 50 years. The values given in Tables I.1 and I.2
correspond to different types of cements and aggregates with maximum dimensions between
20 and 32 mm.
(3) Tables I.3, I.4, I.5 and I.6 present the intended uses and utilisation examples for certain
types of cements manufactured in accordance with SR EN 197-1:2011 and other applicable
standards, for different exposure classes and combinations of exposure classes.
(4) Tables I.7 and I.8 provide the maximum permissible content of fine particles in
lightweight concrete prepared with different aggregate grain sizes.
(5) The minimum strength classes were determined starting from the existing relationships
between the efficient water/cement ratio and the strength class of lightweight concrete
manufactured with cement belonging to strength class 32.5.
Table I.1 Limit values recommended for the composition and properties of concrete,
for exposure classes X0 and XC
Exposure classes
No risk of Corrosion induced by carbonation
corrosion or
chemical
attack
X0a) XC1 XC3

Minimum strength LC8/9 LC16/18 LC20/22
class
Minimum cement - 260 280
dosage (kg/m3)
Table I.2
Limit values recommended for the composition and properties of lightweight concrete
for exposure classes XF1 and XA1b
Table I.3 - Intended uses for cements, in accordance with standards SR EN 197-1:2011 and NE 012/1
Cement type Exposure classes
No risk of
corrosion or Corrosion induced by carbonation Freeze-thaw Chemical
chemical attack attack
attack
X0 XC1 XC3 XF1 XA1bb
CEM I X X X X X
I A 52.5c X X X X X
CEM II A /B S X X X X X
A /B V X X X X X
A X X X X X
LL
B X X 0 0 0
A X X X 0 X
L
B X X 0 0 0
Shall be used in accordance with the provisions stipulated in
A
Tables I.4 and I.6
M
B Shall be used in accordance with the provisions stipulated in
Tables I.4 and I.6
CEM III A X X X X X
X Can be applied.
0 Not applicable.
*) White cement
a)
This table presents the intended uses of certain cements manufactured in accordance with SR EN 197-1:2011 and the applicable
standards. The utilisation requirements for cements are formulated in NE 012/1.
b)
When the presence of SO42- leads to the exposure class XA1b, it is essential to use a sulphate-resistant cement. If the cement is
classified according to its sulphate resistance, the cements used must have a moderate or high sulphate resistance for the exposure class
XA1b.
Table I.4 - Intended uses for cements of type II M, in accordance with standards SR EN 197-1:2011 and NE 012/1
Exposure classes
Cement type No risk of
corrosion or Corrosion induced by carbonation Freeze-thaw attack Chemical attack
chemical attack
X0 XC1 XC3 XF1 XA1ba
S-D; S-T
S-LL; D-T X X X X X
D-LL; T-LL
A S-P; S-V; D-P
CEM D-V; P-V; P-T X X X X X
II M P-LL; V-T; V-LL
S-D; S-T; D-T X X X X X
B S-P; D-P; P-T X X X X X
S-V; D-V; P-V; V-T X X X X X
S-LL; D-LL; P-LL; V-LL; T-LL X X 0 0 0
X Can be applied.
0 Not applicable.
b)
When the presence of SO42- leads to the exposure class XA1b, it is essential to use a sulphate-resistant cement. If the cement is classified according to
its sulphate resistance, the cements used must have a moderate or high sulphate resistance for the exposure class XA1b.
Table I.5 – Utilisation examples for certain types of cements for various combinations of exposure classes
CEM II CEM III

Exposure S
classes with T V
Component / Structure CEM I I A 52.5c B-LL A-M
design D A-L1 A
B-L B-M
relevance A-LL P/Q
Plain (non-reinforced) concrete X0 X X X X X Shall be X

Elements protected against used in
XC1; XC3 X X X X X2 X
freezing (interior) accordance
XC1; XC3; with the
Exterior elements X X X X 0 X
XF1 provisions of
Chemical attack XA1b X X X X 0 NE 012/1. X
X Can be applied.
0 Not applicable.
1)
Not to be used for exposure classes XF1.
2)
Not to be used for exposure classes XC3.
Table I.6 – Utilisation examples for cements of type CEM II-M (depending on the composition of the main constituents),
manufactured in accordance with standard SR EN 197-1:2011
CEM-II M
S-P; S-V;
Exposure S-D; S-T; D-P; D-V;
classes with A S-LL; D-T; A P-V; P-T; S-LL; D-LL;
Component / Structure S-V; D-V;
design D-LL; T-LL P-LL; V-T; B B P-LL; V-LL;
P-V; V-T
relevance V-LL T-LL
S-D; S-T; S-P; D-P;
B B
D-T P-T
Lightweight and ultra-lightweight
concrete, X0 X X X X
plain (non-reinforced)
Elements made of lightweight
concrete and ultra-lightweight
XC1; XC3 X X X X1
concrete, protected against
freezing (inside)
Exterior elements made of
XC1; XC3;
lightweight concrete and ultra- X X X 0
XF1
lightweight concrete
Chemical attack XA1b X X X 0
X Can be applied.
0 Not applicable.
1)
Not to be used for exposure class XC3.
Table I.7 - Maximum permissible content of fine particles in lightweight concrete
prepared with aggregates with a grain size of 16 mm to 63 mm, for lightweight concrete
belonging to class LC ≤50/55
Maximum content of fine particles (kg/m3)

Cement dosage (kg/m3)
< 0.125 mm
≤300 400
300 ... 400 cement dosage + 100
≥400 500
Table I.8 - Maximum permissible content of fine particles in lightweight concrete

prepared with aggregates with a grain size of 16 mm to 63 mm, for lightweight concrete
belonging to class LC>50/55
Maximum content of fine particles (kg/m3)

Cement dosage (kg/m3)
< 0.125 mm
≤400 500
400 ... 450 cement dosage + 100
450 ... 500 550
≥500 600
44
ANNEX II
(normative)
Classification of aggressive media acting on above-ground elements made of reinforced

lightweight concrete
(1) The aggressive atmospheric environment taken into consideration in this normative
document belongs to class XA 1B - environment with a very low level of aggression.
(2) Aggressive agents can be in one of the two following states:

- gaseous (different types of aggressive gases, mist due to vapour condensation occurring due
to humidity variations or due to the operating characteristics of technological installations);
- solid (salts, ashes, dust, soil, etc.)
(3) The aggression class for environments with gaseous aggressive agents shall be determined
as a function of the relative air humidity, the environmental temperature and the
characteristics of the aggressive gases, in accordance with Table II.1.
Table II.1 - Determination of the aggression class for environments with gaseous
aggressive agents as a function of the relative air humidity, the environmental
temperature and the characteristics of the aggressive gases
Class of Relative air Environmenta Characteristics of the

environmental humidity, % l temperature, aggressive gases
0
aggression C (Table II.2)
XA 1b 61 …75 max.50 without aggressive gases

≤ 60 max.50 aggressive gases belonging
to group A
(4) The following shall be taken into consideration when determining the class of
environmental aggression:
a) For environmental temperatures between 500C and 800C, the aggression class stipulated in
Table II.1 shall be increased by one class.
b) If it is possible that condensation may form on the surface of the building elements, the
aggression shall be increased by one class, if the environment contains aggressive gases.
c) In the presence of several aggressive classes belonging to different groups, the aggression
class shall be determined for the most aggressive gas.
Aggressive gases shall be included in group A mentioned in Table II.1, in accordance with
Table II.2.
Table II.2 - Grouping of aggressive gases
Concentration Name of Chemical formula Concentration of
group of aggressive gas the aggressive
aggressive gases gases,
mg/m3 air
Group A Sulphur dioxide SO2 < 0.10
Hydrogen sulphide H2S < 0.01
Hydrofluoric acid HF < 0.02
45
Chloride Cl2 < 0.05
Hydrochloric acid HCl < 0.05
Nitrogen oxides NO, NO2 < 0.05
Ammonium NH3 < 0.10
(5) Note: The concentration shall be determined as follows:

a) for sulphur dioxide, in accordance with SR ISO 4221;
b) for hydrogen sulphide, in accordance with STAS 10814;
c) for hydrofluoric acid, in accordance with the specific technical regulations;
d) for gaseous chloride, in accordance with STAS 10946;
e) for hydrochloric acid, in accordance with STAS 10943;
f) for nitrogen oxides, in accordance with STAS 10329;
g) for ammonium, in accordance with STAS 10812.
(6) The aggression class for environments with solid aggressive agents shall be determined as
a function of the relative air humidity and the characteristic of the solid agent, in accordance
with Table II.3 for indoor environments and Table II.4 for outdoor environments.
The characteristic of the solid agent shall be taken in accordance with Table II.5.
Table II.3 - Determination of the aggression class of indoor atmospheric environments

with solid aggressive agents, as a function of the relative air humidity and the
characteristic of the solid agent
Environmental aggression Relative air Characteristic of the solid agent

(1)
class humidity, %
XA 1b 61 … 75 mildly soluble
≤ 60 slightly soluble-slightly
hygroscopic
Table II.4 - Determination of the aggression class of outdoor environments with solid
aggressive agents, as a function of the relative air humidity and the characteristic of the
solid agent
Environmental aggression Relative air Characteristic of the solid agent

(1)
class humidity, %
XA 1b ≤ 60 mildly soluble
Table II.5 – Characteristic of the solid agent
Name of the solid aggressive agent (1) Characteristic of the solid agent
Silica powder
Calcium carbonate
Barium carbonate
Lead carbonate mildly soluble
Iron oxide
Iron hydroxide
46
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium hydroxide
Table II.5 (continued)

Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Ammonium chloride*)
Sodium sulphate*)
Potassium sulphate*)
Ammonium sulphate*) slightly soluble-slightly hygroscopic
*)
Ammonium sulphate
Sodium nitrate*)
Potassium nitrate*)
Barium nitrate
Lead nitrate
Magnesium nitrate
Sodium chromate/dichromate*)
Potassium chromate/dichromate*)
Ammonium chromate/dichromate*)
Sodium carbonate
Potassium carbonate
Calcium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
Calcium fluoride
Calcium chloride
Magnesium fluoride
Aluminium fluoride
Zinc fluoride
Iron fluoride
Magnesium sulphate*) slightly soluble - hygroscopic
Manganese sulphate
Zinc sulphate
Iron sulphate*)
Ammonium nitrate*)
Primary phosphates
Secondary sodium phosphate
Sodium hydroxide*)
Potassium hydroxide*)
(1)
The solid agents noted with an asterisk have a high level of aggression to lightweight
concrete.
47
48
Annex III
(informative)
General recommendations for choosing the cement
III.1 General information

(1) This annex provides recommendations for choosing the types of cements depending on the
temperature at which the lightweight concrete is used. The cement shall be chosen depending
on a certain application and the exposure medium, in accordance with the recommendations
provided in Annex I (normative).
(2) This annex supplements Article 5.2.2 of this normative document with regard to choosing
the type of cement, by taking into consideration the way in which the structure is built and the
dimensions of its elements.
The cement shall be chosen by taking into account the conditions in which the works are
carried out (works carried out in normal conditions, works carried out in cold or hot weather,
pouring of massive elements).
(3) Table III.1 presents the characteristics of certain cements manufactured in Romania, in
accordance with SR EN 197-1:2011 and the national standards, specifying their usability and
the situations in which their use is contraindicated.
Table III.1 – Characteristics of some of the types of cements manufactured in Romania

Cement type Sensitivity Heat Preferred* Contraindicatio Comments
to cold discharge use ns particular
temperatures
CEM I 52.5R Insensitive High Monolithic mortar, slabs Designed
and prefabricated especially for
structures prefabricated
Concreting in elements.
cold weather.
CEM I 42.5 R Insensitive High Monolithic mortar, slabs Special measures
and prefabricated must
structures be taken in
Concreting in hot weather.
cold weather.
I A 52.5c Insensitive High Prefabricated Designed
elements. especially for
prefabricated
structures
CEM II A–S Slightly Low Lightweight
32.5 N or R sensitive concrete,
ultra-lightweight
concrete,
reinforced
lightweight
concrete.
CEM II A–S Slightly Medium Lightweight
42.5 N or R sensitive concrete,
ultra-lightweight
concrete,
reinforced
lightweight
49
concrete.
H II A S Slightly Low
sensitive
* In accordance with Tables I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6 of Annex I.
50
Tables III.2 and III.3 provide additional general recommendations for choosing the type of
cement depending on the weather conditions present during its utilisation.
III.2 Normal conditions
(4) When the utilisation temperature during striking and/or when setting into operation is
between 50C and 250C, the lightweight concrete is not designed to come in contact with
aggressive agents (sulphates, de-icing salts, etc.) and the lightweight concrete elements have
normal dimensions, the cements can be used in accordance with Table III.2, providing that the
required level of strength is reached after 28 days.
Table III.2 - Indication of the type of cement depending on reaching the required level of
strength after 28 days
Strength class CEM I CEM II A CEM II B CEM III A
32.5 N or R Medium speed Medium speed Medium speed

for reaching for reaching for reaching
the required the required the required
level of strength level of strength level of
after 28 days after 28 days strength
(lightweight (lightweight after 28 days
concrete concrete (lightweight
belonging belonging concrete
to a class up to to a class up to belonging to a
LC25/28) LC25/28) class up to
LC25/28)
42.5 N or R High speed High speed High speed
for reaching for reaching for reaching
the required the required the required
level of strength level of strength level of strength
after 28 days after 28 days after 28 days
(lightweight (lightweight (lightweight
concrete concrete concrete
belonging belonging belonging
to a class higher to a class higher to a class higher
than than than
LC25/28) LC25/28) LC25/28)
52.5 N or R Very high speed
for reaching
the required
level of strength
after 28 days
III.3 Special conditions

Table III.3. -Recommendations for using cements to pour concrete in hot weather
Strength class CEM I CEM II A CEM II B CEM III A

51
32.5 N or R Recommended Highly Highly
recommended1) recommended1)
42.5 N or R Hardly Recommended Recommended
recommended
52.5 N or R Less
recommended
1)
See SR EN 13670:2010 and NE 012/2.
ANNEX IV
(informative)
Compositions of lightweight aggregate concrete. Examples
IV.1 Determination of the composition of lightweight aggregate concrete
IV.1.1 General rules
(1) In the case of lightweight aggregate concrete, the A/C ratio raises problems due to the
uncertainties that may occur when calculating the entire quantity of water used for the
mixture.
(2) The composition of lightweight concrete shall be determined by means of preliminary

tests.
(3) The preliminary tests shall take into consideration: the apparent density and consistency of
the fresh concrete, the type of cement to be used, the granularity of each type of aggregate and
the proportions between the various types, to ensure that the granularity areas are complied
with (NE 012/1).
(4) The main characteristics to be taken into consideration when determining the composition
of lightweight concrete are: the apparent grain density, the water absorption one hour after the
lightweight aggregates are immersed in water, the humidity for all granulometric classes of
aggregates and the volume of entrapped air, which is estimated to be 20 dm3/m3 of concrete.
(5) The proportions of the lightweight concrete components shall be calculated by taking into
consideration their absolute volumes.
(6) For lightweight concrete made of lightweight aggregates with continuous granularity and
sand with a normal volumetric mass (regular sand), the following steps shall be followed:
a) the consistency of the concrete shall be established depending on the type

of application and the technology used to lay the lightweight concrete.
b) the maximum nominal diameter of the aggregate grains shall be
determined.
c) the efficient water and air volume shall be determined.
d) the cement dosage shall be estimated.
e) the lightweight aggregate dosage shall be estimated.
f) the regular sand dosage shall be estimated.
52
IV.1.2 Example for determining the composition of lightweight aggregate concrete
(7) The basic relationship used to calculate the composition is:
1 m3 of concrete = Vcement + Vaggregates + Vefficient water + Vair
where Vcement, Vaggregates, Vefficient water and Vair are the absolute volumes of the components
(cement, aggregates, efficient water and entrapped air, respectively).
(8) Once the volumetric proportions of the components have been established (starting
from Vefficient water = 200 dm3/m3 concrete and Vair = 20 dm3/m3 concrete, respectively from a
cement dosage corresponding to the designed strength class), the ratio between the
granulometric classes of the aggregates used shall be established.
(9) Finally, the dosages for the component materials shall be calculated on the basis of
the absolute volumetric mass (determined or known) of each component.
(10) The quantity of water absorbed shall be dosed depending on the experimental
results regarding the water absorption of the lightweight aggregates, recorded after one hour
of immersion in water.
(11) The design of the composition of concrete with volcanic tuff is presented as an
example.
Table IV.1
Proportio Volumetr Component
Components Volume, ns, Volume, ic mass dosages
(dm3) (%) (dm3) absolute (kg/m3
(kg/ dm3) concrete)
Cement II/A- M (S-
LL) 32.5R 110 110 3 330.00
Sand 0/4 40 268 2.65 710.20
Volcanic tuff 4/8 20 134 1.45 194.30
Volcanic tuff 8/16 40 268 1.37 367.16
Total aggregates 670 1271.66
Efficient water 200 200 1 196.70
Plasticizer additive* 1 3.30
Absorbed water** 10 56.15
Total water 256.15
Air 20 20
Total 1000 1000 1857.81
* as a ratio of the cement quantity (%)

** water absorption after 60 minutes for volcanic tuff (%)
IV.2 Examples of lightweight concrete compositions. Characteristics of the hardened

concrete
53
IV.2.1 Insulating and strength lightweight concrete
IV.2.1.1 Lightweight concrete with expanded clay
(12) Classification depending on the initial test results, in accordance with NE 012/1:
a) Class of volumetric mass: D1.6
b) Class of compressive strength: LC8/9
c) Thermal conductivity class: CT 55
d) Consistency class: S1
e) Dmax: 16 mm.
Table IV.2.1
3
Components Reference Recipe, kg / m concrete
Cement II/A-V 42.5R SR EN 197-1:2011 375.00
Sand 0/4 SR EN 12620+A1: 2008 736.70
Expanded clay 4/8 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 76.45
Expanded clay 8/16 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 145.39
Efficient water SR EN 1008: 2003 160.25
Plasticizer additive SR EN 934-2: 2009 3.75
IV.2.2 Strength lightweight concrete
IV.2.2.1 Lightweight concrete with volcanic tuff
e) Dmax: 16 mm.
Table IV.2.2
3
Cement II/A- M (S-LL)
32,5R SR EN 197-1: 2011 330.00
Sand 0/4 SR EN 12620+A1: 2008 710.20
Volcanic tuff 4/8 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 194.30
Volcanic tuff 8/16 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 367.16
IV.2.2.2 Lightweight concrete with basaltic scoria
54
e) Dmax: 16 mm.
Table IV.2.3
3
Cement II/A-V 42.5R SR EN 197-1: 2011 375.00
Sand 0/4 SR EN 12620+A1: 2008 704.90
Basaltic scoria 4/8 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 221.45
Basaltic scoria 8/16 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 409.64
IV.2.2.3 Lightweight concrete with recycled brick aggregates
e) Dmax: 16 mm.
Table IV.2.4
Components Reference Recipe, kg / m3 concrete
Cement II/A-V 42.5R SR EN 197-1: 2011 330.00
Sand 0/4 SR EN 12620+A1: 2008 544.58
Recycled brick 2/4 SR EN 13055-1: 2003 78.09
IV.2.3 Lightweight concrete with expanded perlite
IV.2.3.1 Lightweight concrete with type 200G perlite
NOTE- Type 200G perlite has a volumetric mass of 200 kg/m 3 and appears as coarse (G) on the sorting setting
of the manufacturing equipment
(16) Classification depending on the initial test results, in accordance with regulation NE
012/1:
a) Class of volumetric mass: D1.4.
b) Class of compressive strength: LC8/9.
c) Thermal conductivity class: CT 55.
d) Consistency class: S 4.
e) Dmax: 4 mm.
Table IV.2.5
3
55
32,5R SR EN 197-1: 2011 300.00
Sand 0/4 SR EN 12620+A1: 2008 365.70
Expanded perlite 200G SR EN 13055-1: 2003 93.29
IV.2.3.2 Lightweight concrete with type 90G perlite

NOTE - Type 90S perlite has a volumetric mass of 90 kg/m3 and is recommended for slabs (S).
Classification depending on the initial test results, in accordance with regulation NE 012/1:
a) Class of volumetric mass: D1.2.
b) Class of compressive strength: <LC8/9.
c) Thermal conductivity class: CT 40.
d) Consistency class: S1.
e) Dmax: 4 mm.
Table IV.2.6
3
32,5R SR EN 197-1: 2011 300.00
Sand 0/4 SR EN 12620+A1: 2008 360.40
Coarse expanded perlite 90S SR EN 13055-1: 2003 91.94
IV.2.4 Ultra-lightweight concrete with 200G perlite and air entraining additive
(17) Classification depending on the initial test results, in accordance with regulation NE
012/1:
b) Class of compressive strength: <LC8/9
e) Dmax: 4 mm.
Table IV 2.7
Components Reference Recipe, kg / m3

Cement II/A- M (S-LL) SR EN 197-1: 2011
32,5R 300.00
Expanded perlite 200G SR EN 13055-1: 2003 123.37
56
Air entraining additive SR EN 934-2: 2009 1.00
57

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GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA

MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM

The Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism hereby issues this

Article 1 – The technical regulation ”Normative document regarding the production of

REGARDING THE PRODUCTION OF

(3) This normative document stipulates the requirements for:

(6) Structural elements made of lightweight aggregate concrete shall be calculated in

(7) This normative document shall not apply to:

(11) This normative document supplements the provisions of regulation NE012/1.

2 TECHNICAL AND LEGISLATIVE REFERENCES

(1) The technical and legislative documents are listed as follows:

3 DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3.1 Terms and definitions

(2) lightweight concrete

(3) ultra-lightweight concrete

(4) high-strength lightweight concrete

(6) natural lightweight aggregates

(7) artificial lightweight aggregates (recycled brick, etc.)

(8) lightweight aggregates from industrial by-products

(9) lightweight aggregates obtained by recycling

(10) pumice stone

(11) basaltic scoria

(16) expanded clay, expanded shale, expanded slate

(17) fly ash

(19) volumetric mass / true density determined after oven drying

(20) volumetric mass / absolute density

(21) thermal conductivity

(22) design thermal conductivity

(23) thermal conductivity class

(24) total water content

(25) efficient water content

(26) fresh concrete consistency

(27) density of oven-dried hardened concrete

(28) water/cement ratio

(29) The provisions of NE012/1 and SR EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply.

flck.cyl Characteristic compressive strength of lightweight concrete,

4.1 Exposure classes, depending on the environmental actions

4.1.1 Meaning of the exposure classes

4.1.2 Exposure classes for lightweight concrete

Table 1a - Combinations of exposure classes applicable to lightweight concrete

Exposure Combinations of exposure

4.2 Fresh lightweight concrete

4.2.1 Consistency classes

NOTE - Also see Article 5.4.1.

4.2.2 Classes as a function of the maximum aggregate size

4.3 Hardened lightweight concrete

4.3.1 Classes of compressive strength

Table 2 – Strength classes for lightweight aggregate concrete

Compressive strength Minimum characteristic Minimum characteristic

4.3.2 Volumetric mass classes for lightweight concrete

Table 3 – Classification of the volumetric mass of lightweight aggregate concrete

Volumetric mass D0.8 D1.0 D1.2 D1.4 D1.6 D1.8 D2.0

4.3.3 Classification of lightweight concrete according to its volumetric mass and

Table 4 – Categories of lightweight aggregate concrete

Category of Compressive Volumetric mass

Insulating and strength concrete > LC 8/9 D1.0

4.3.4 Classification of lightweight aggregate concrete according to its volumetric mass

(12) Thermal conductivity can be determined experimentally in accordance with STAS

q = heat flux density [W/m2]

d = average specimen thickness [m]

ΔT = temperature difference [°K]

Table 5 – Categories of lightweight aggregate concrete

Categories of Volumetri Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity