Requirement of Impact Testing:

Carbon steel shows a particular behavior at low temperatures that doesn't happen with other metals.
The particular behavior is that at low temperatures, always below 4 degrees C, carbon steel becomes
fragile. This change from ductile (behavior at higher temperatures) to fragile (behavior at lower
temperatures) is called the "ductile / fragile transition".
Unlike its behavior at high temperatures, which is perfectly known (so much that the allowable tensile
strength is stated on ASME VIII starting from 600 degrees F or 160 C and up), the behavior of carbon
steel at low temperatures is, until now, uncertain. It is not known at which temperature the ductile /
fragile transition of a given carbon steel plate, or pipe, will take place. It may happen, for example, at
plus 4 ºC or at minus 30 °C. The only thing we know for sure is that it WILL take place at a temperature
below 4 ºC.
When carbon steel will be used at low temperatures applications, this uncertainty is a big problem. You
can't build a structural steel construction in Alaska, with winter temperatures of minus 40 (C or F are
equal at minus 40), using ASTM A36 carbon steel that will become fragile at minus 10. So, when carbon
steel is to be used at low temperatures, it's good practice to require an impact test at the lowest
temperature it will have to support. This test may be carried out at the steel mill or at a specialized lab.
With this information on hand, the project engineer will have a good idea on whether the material he
intends to use is suitable for that application.
A curious thing is that only carbon steel shows this behavior. Other metals don't. That's why aluminum is
widely used for cryogenics applications, such as liquid oxygen tanks in steel mills and liquid ammonia
tanks in fertilizer plants.
IS 2062 Grades:

There shall be nine grades of steel as given in Tables 1 and 2. Here sub qualities A, BR, B0 and C indicate
requirement of impact test and mode of de-oxidation.

i. A : Impact test not required, semi-killed/killed

ii. BR : Impact test optional; if required at room temperature; semi-killed/killed
iii. B0 : Impact test mandatory at 0°C, semi-killed/ killed
iv. C : Impact test mandatory at –20°C, killed

Holiday Test:

Holiday test or a Continuity test is one of the non-destructive test method applied on protective coatings
to detect unacceptable discontinuities such as pinholes and voids. The holiday detection procedure
involves checking of an electric circuit to see if current flows to complete the electrical circuit