Region IV – Western Visayas

Division of Negros Occidental

DR. ANTONIO A. LIZARES MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
Brgy. Dos Hermanas, Talisay City

LESSON PLAN IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

DATE: June 3-4, 2019 NOTES

CONTENT
Functions and Their Graphs
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learner is able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life situations using functions.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learner represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period, the students will be able to:
K  Define a piecewise function that models different situations.
 Represent real life situations using functions, including piecewise functions.
S  Solve problems involving functions.

A  Appreciate the lesson by applying it to real-life situations.

SUBJECT MATTER
Content: Functions as Models
Materials: Chalk, Black Board, Visual Aids
References: General Math Learner’s Module for SHS (M11GM-Ia-1, M11GM-Ia-4)
General Math Teaching Guide
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON
Pre-activity: Prayer & Greetings
Review
Review of Functions from Junior High School
 Relations and Functions (domain, range)
 Function as a Machine (input, output)
 Functions and Relations as a Set of Ordered Pairs
 Functions and Relations as a Set of Values
 Functions and Relations as a Mapping Diagram
 Functions as a Graph in a Cartesian Plane
 Vertical Line Test
*Note: Activities for the review is attached at the back.
Lesson Proper
Activity
Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate functional model will lead to a better
understanding of various phenomena.
1. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs ₱40.
2. One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area next to a river. Give a function A that can
represent the area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.
 3. A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100 freetext messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the amount a consumer pays each month as a function of the number
of messages m sent in a month.
4. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional integer kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the fare.
Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.
5. Water can exist in three states: solid ice, liquid water, and gaseous water vapor. It takes a certain amount of heat
before water can change state. Use the following information to sketch the graph of the function representing the
temperature of water as a function of the amount of total heat added in Joules (J).
 A solid block of ice is at −25 C and heat is added until it completely turns into water vapor.
 The temperature of the ice increases steadily and reaches 0° after 940 J of heat is applied.
 The temperature stays constant at 0°C until all the ice melts, which happens once a total of
 6,950 J of heat is applied.
 The temperature increases steadily and reaches 100°C after a total of 14,470 J is applied.
 The temperature stays constant at 100° until all the water evaporates, which happens after a total of
55,260 J is applied.
 When all the water is in a gaseous state, its temperature can rise above 100°C (This is why steam can
cause third-degree burns!)

Analysis
1. In Q.1, How did we solve for the cost function?
2. In Q.2. What formula did we use to find the area of the rectangular enclosure? How did we derive the formula?
3. In Q.3, How do we represent the amount of paid by the costumer and the number of messages sent?
4. What is the input and the output in Q4? How do we represent the distance and the cost of the jeepney fare?
5. In Q.5, How did you draw the graph? Where did you place the Temperature and Heat in your graph?
6. What is a piecewise function?
7. Which of the above situations do you consider a piecewise function?
8.
Abstraction
1. For the Q1, if one meal will cost ₱60, will the equation of the function be still the same? Why?
2. In Q2, What is the fencing available for enclosure will be changed to 50 meters, how will you change the function?
3. In Q3, What if the cost of text messages rose and monthly charge for the mobile plan into ₱450 every excess
messages to ₱1.50, what will be the resulting piecewise function?
4. For Q4: The cost of gasoline rose to a very scary amount and jeepney drivers are forced to increase the fare to
₱12.00 for the first 4 kilometers and an additional of ₱2.00 for each additional integer distance, what will be the
resulting piece wise function?
5. Why is Q.5 considered a piecewise function?
6. In general, what are the important things that we must remember in representing a piecewise function?

Application
1. A videoke machine can be rented for P1; 000 for three days, but for the fourth day onwards, an additional cost of P400
per day is added. Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a piecewise function of the number of days it is
rented and plot its graph.
2. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is P150 per head for 20 persons or less, P130 per head for
21 to 50 persons, and P110 per head for 51 to 100persons. For 100or more persons, the cost is at P100 per head. Represent
the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of attendees of the party.
Assessment/Evaluation

1. A certain chocolate bar costs P35.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 10 pieces, they will be marked
down to a price of P32.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought.
2. A school’s faire committee wants to sell t-shirts for their school fair. They found a supplier that sells t-shirts at a
price of P175.00 a piece but can charge P15,000 for a bulk order of 100 shirts and P125.00 for each excess t-shirt
after that. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of t-shirts purchased.
Assignment

Using the New TRAIN Income Tax table, define a piecewise function that models this situation by giving (a) the
function’s equation (b) a table showing some function values, and (c) a graph. Discuss if you think the tax rate in the
Philippines is fair. Work by a group of 3.

Prepared by:
Reylaine Mitz P. Baldon
  Relations and Functions (domain, range)
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of values (called the range).
The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine that applies a rule to these inputs to generate one or more
outputs. A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦).

A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in the range by some rule. The
elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only one
output. A function is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs have the same 𝑥-value but different 𝑦-values.

 Function as a Machine (input, output)

 Functions and Relations as a Set of Ordered Pairs

Which of the following are functions?
Example 1

 Functions and Relations as a Set of Values

In Example 1(a), (1, 2) is an element of . We can use the notation 𝑓 (1) = 2. In general, we can use the notation 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑦
for each ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) in 𝑓 . We can also organize these ordered pair as a table. The function 𝑓 in Example 1(a) can
be represented by the table of values below.

 Functions and Relations as a Mapping Diagram

  Functions as a Graph in a Cartesian Plane
Plot the points in example 2 and graph.
 Vertical Line Test