AUGUST 1984
Introduction
Purpose of Technical Manual 1-1
Soope of Technical Manual 1-2
5.0 Olassis
5.1 Raicva1/Replacenent of H:lod (Exc. ROOIE) 5-1
5.2 '!buch-up In1bnnation 5-2
~Ql PAGE
SB!l'ICN PAGE
15.0 Troub1eshooti~
15.1 Introduction 15-1
15.2 KAYPRO 2 and 4 Symptan-Fix Guides 15-2
15.3 KAYPRO 10 Symptan--Fix Guide 15-8
15.4 RCBIE Symptan-Fix Guide 15-15
15.5 KAYPRO 2/84 and 2X Synptan--Fix Guide 15-21
15.6 KAYPRO 4/84 and 4X Symptan-Fix Guide 15-22
INDEX
1.1 PURJ?ajE CF T!XB1ICAL MN!U\L
It is our desire to provide dealers with the infbrmation and sUR?Qrt needed to
expedite repairs and provide the users with the service they deserve. We
encourage your conunents and suggestions regarding this manual.
1-1
'!be in:fbrmation and procedures covered by this manual assume sane technical
krlc:Jwledge on the part of the reader.
H:>wever, we do not discourage dealers and technicians who have the knowledge
and the tools to repair to the compalerlt level :from doing so, on out-o f-
warranty Kaypro canput.ers.
1-2
As Kaypro keeps in step with oomputer technology, the models have changes
which a ffect FCC ratings. 'nle proper rating is a ffixed to the back of each
oomputer. Caltact the Kaypro Engineering Department if you need further
in1brmation.
2-1
3.8 MCIEL SPl!ClFlCATICBS
641< bytes
3-1
3.2 IQ\YPRO 2/84 and 2X SP&!li'1CATIQ'IS
81-294-n series.
3-2
3.3 KAYPlID 4 SPl!X!lFICATlQ'IS
641< bytes
81-240-n series.
3-3
3.4 KAn'RO 4/84 SPB!IFICATIO!1S
641< bytes
81-184-n series.
-_r."_
3-4
3.5 KAYPRO 4X SPB!ll'l~Q1S
81-296-n series.
3-5
3.6 :KAYPRO 18 SPB!IFlCATIQ1S
641< bytes
8l-l80-n series.
3--6
3.7 DnW) RmIE SPB!lFlCATIOE
641< bytes
8l-296-n series.
3-7
CP/M VERSICB I<AYPRO PARI' t ReM VERSIQT
(:fDr CP/M disk)
4-1
5.8 cassIS
3. Remove the ten screws :from the chassis hood: there are two on top
and :fOur on each side.
2. Align the two holes on top of the hood with those on top of the
chassis.
3. Insert the two flat-head screws into the holes on the top of the
chassis and start them, but do IDt tighten them yet.
4. Insert the eight round-head screws, :fOur on each side, and start
them.
5-1
Kaypro Corp:>ratioo has small amounts of touch-up paint fur Kaypro hoods and
chassis available to the dealers. Contact the Hardware Technical Sugx>rt
personnel to obtain this paint.
5-2
6.0~
'!he :fOllowing sections contain schematics, chip layout diagrams, and IC lists
(by U-number) :fOr Kaypro mainboards. 'nUs is not intended to be a theory of
operation, but rather an aid to locating possible problems on a mainboard.
Consult an appropriate databook (TrL, Zilog, etc.) if you need to find out the
internal \t.Orkings of a particular IC.
I f the video display does not show a screen filled with alternatin;;J "g"ls
and apostroJ;:hes, you have a problem in the video RAM or associated
circuitry.
You can check the main RAM and associated circuitry quickly with a scope by
lookin;;J at pin 14 on each of the RAM chips. There should be a pattern of
signals like this:
'!he U-mnnbers of the main RAM chips will vary dependin;;J on which mainboard
you have, but the pattern will be the same.
6-1
I
1 21. I
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Reference
Designation Description
*NOrE: THERE ARE SOME VERSIONS OF THE 81-110 OOARD ON WHICll U2 AND U67 ARE
WI' CMOO IC.S Bur ARE OORMAL TI'L ICS. READ THE NUMBER ON THE IC TO
BE SURE.
6-3
fn)(IE SIQ1ALS ro AID IN TlURifSIIOrDG (81-llB-n)
The examples of correct signals shown below do oot represent all of the
signals on a Kaypro mainboard, since most signals will be simple high-low
toggles. A group of video signals (CCf2J through CC3) are includErl as
illustrations of the timing relationships between the various video signals.
Note that only one of the I/O signals on U57 will be low at any given time.
State of the machine: The door of drive A is open: the machine is waiting to
boot.
The signal measurements were made using a Tektronix oscilloscope, model 2213.
It has a bandwidth of r.c-6f2J MHz, sensitivity of 2mV/em, a sweep delay of f2J.l
microseconds to 1 second, and a graticule display measuring 8 x lf2J em.
Signal Ml from pin 27 of the cru (U63) was triggerEd on. This signal is shown
in the top half of each display and was channell. Ground for the signals
shown on channel 2 was established at first graticule line above the bottom of
the display.
6--4
FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
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6-5
SIQ1M, I,.al\TIQ1S Q1 MIW1B(JUI) 81-118-0
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SIGllAL . LO:'A'l'iCN
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CI?U SIQ1AIS
2.5 MHz U 63 6
·MREXJB U 62 16
ROB U 62 5
WRB U 62 14
MlHm' SIQ1AIS
CLCCK, Y1 U 2 8
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CC1 U6 4
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Reference Description
Designation
---------------,--------------------- ,---------------------
Ul 74LS16l 4-bit counter
U2,U67 74HCU04 Hex inverter, <NOS
U3 74LS290 Decade counter
U4 74LS10 Tri NAND gates
U6,U11 74IS393 Dual binary counter
U9, UOO 74LS08 Quad AND gates
UUJ, U6l 73LS32 Quad OR Gates
U12, U14, U32 74LS74 Dual "D" flip-flop
U15, U39 74LSOO Quad NAND Gates
U16 through U19 74LS157 Quad 2/1 MUX
U20 through U27 MCl16665 (or equivalent) 64K x 1 RI\M
U28 through U3l 2114 lKx4RAM
U33, U34 74157 Quad 2/1 KJX
U35, U38 8216 Quad Bi-directional MUX
U36 74I.S20 Dual NAND gates
U37, U56, U85 74LS02 Quad IDR gates
U4l 748151 8/1 MUX
U42 74LS174 Hex "D" flip-flop
U43 8l-l46-n Character generator EPR<M
U44, U45, U64, U65 74LS243 Quad bus trans
U47 8l-232-n Boot EPRCM
U48, U73 74LS04 Hex inverter
U49, U52, U62 74LS241 Octal buffer
U54, U72 zoo PIO
U57, U58, U60 74LS138 3/8 KJX
U59 74LS373 Octal "D" latch
U63 Z80 CPU
U66 74164 8-bit shift register
U68 OCl488 Quad line driver (0Ul')
U69 MC1489 Quad SCHMIT!' line receiver (IN)
U70 zoo SIO
un 74804 Hex inverter
U78 8116 Dual progranmable baw. rate
generator
U8l 7406 Hex inverter, open collector
U82 1793 Floppy disk controller
U84 74I.S195 4-bit shift register
U86 74I.S293 4-bit binary counter
U87 74LS390 Dual decade counter
U88 FTC9216 03.ta separator
6-9
The examples of oorrect signals shown below do oot represent all of the
signals on a Kaypro mairtx:>ar:d, since most signals will be simple high-low
toggles. A group of vide::> signals (a:0 through CC3) are included as
illustrations of the timing relationships between the various vide::> signals.
tete that only ~ of the I/O signals on US7 will be low at arr.t given time.
State of the machine: with a blank, 2732, EPROM inserted in place of IX>rmal
EPROM at location U 47. The door of dr~ve A is open: the machine is waiting
to boot.
The signal measurements were· made using a Tektronix oscillosoope, model 2213.
It has a bandwidth of OC-6f2J MHz, sensitivity of 2mV/em, a sweep delay of f2J.I
microseconds to 1 secald, and a graticule display measuring 8 x lf2J em.
Signal Ml from pin 27 of the CPU (U63) was triggered on. This signal is shown
in the top half of each display and was channell. Ground for the signals
shown on channel 2 was established at first graticule line above the bottan of
the display.
6-lf2J
FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
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FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6
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6-11
SI<J!1AL r.crATIQiIS, 81-248-0
IC
SIGNAL ~TICN
- -
PIN NO.
CPU SICHUS
CPU clock U 67 6
1 MHz U 87 13
2 MHz U 87 3
MROOB U 62 16
RDB U 62 5
M1R (re ference)
MEM<m' SICHUS
BAS U 39 11
CAS U 66 5
MUXC U 66 4
CLCCK, Y1 U2 8
CC0 U6 3
CC1 U6 4
CC2 U6 5
CC3 U6 6
6-12
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6-17
The examples of oorrect signals shown here do not represent all of the signals
00 the 8l-l8a-n main1::x:>ard, since most of the signals will be high-low toggles.
A group of signals taken from a video clock divider (U66) are shown to
illustrate the timing relatiooships between the various video signals.
The signal measurements were made using a Tektronix ocillosoope, model 2213.
It has a bandwidth of OC~ MHz, sensitivity of 2mV/em, a sweep delay of g.l
microseconds to 1 second, arxl a graticule display measuring 8 x 19 an.
Fach square of the representatioo is the equivalent of ale square em. 00 the
graticule. The scope was set fur 2V/div. and .2micro-secs/div. fur all
figures except figure 2, which was set at • Smicro-secs/div.
Signal HI from pin 27 of the CPU (U28) was triggered 00. This signal is shown
in the top hal f of each display arxl was channell. GrourXl fur signals shown
00 channel 2 was established at the first graticule line above the bottom of
the display.
State of the machine: The machine has just booted-up on the hard drive.
6-18
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81-189
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2164
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641< x 1 RAM
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U34 81-292 Boot PROM (2764)
U37, U4S, U59, U72 74I.S"2 Quad NCR gate
U40 74I.SOO Quad NAND gate
U43 ZOOA CPU
U44 1793 Floppy disk controller
U46 74I.S"4 Hex inverter
U52 74I.S32 Quad CR gate
U6" 74I.S195 4-bit shift register
U61 74t.S"8 Quad AND gate
U65 74I.S1" Tri NAND gate
U66, U75 74I.S74 IAlal "0" flip-flop
U67 FOC9216 Data separator
U73 74HCOO Quad NAND gate
6-27
&XI?E SI<H\IS, 81-294-0
**********
Scope signals fur this mainboard will be available soon: the section will be
sent to the dealers fur insertion into the new Technical Reference Manual as
soon as it is available.
************
6-28
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U43 Z80A CPU
U44 1793 Floppy disk controller
U46 74LS04 Hex inverter
U52 74LS32 Quad CR gate
U53, U70, U74, U75 Spares
U60 74LS195 4-bit shi ft. register
U6l 74LS08 Quad AND gate
U65 74LS10 Tri NAND gate
U66, U75 74LS74 Dual "0" flip- flop
U67 FOC9216 rata separator
U73 74H:OO Quad NAND gate
6-36
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Reference
Designation Description
-----------------------------------
Ul, U54 7406 Hex inverter, open collector
U2, U25, U7l 74lSl4 Hex Schmitt inverter
U3, U5 1489 Quad Schmitt line driver
U4 1488 Quad line driver
U6, U13, U14, U55, U58 74I..S373 ectal "0" latch
U7 74lS38 Fositive-NAND buffer
U8 74lS374 ectal "0" flip-flop
U9 81-235 Character PRCM (2732)
U10 81-189 Custamgate array
U11, U17 Z80A SIO
U12 IM324 CP-Anp
U15, U23 6116 Video RAM
U16 6545FA Video controller
UIS 'lMS 99532 M:xlem
U19 'lMS 99531 Dialer
U20, U31 74lS245 ectal bus transceiver
U21 4N35 Photo Isolator
U22 3.9K Pullup resistor, l4-pin DIP
U24 WD1943/ D.Jal programmable baud rate
8116 generator
U26, U27 74lS138 3/8 MUX
U28, U51 74lS244 Q::tal buffer/line driver
U29 81-194 Custan gate array
U32, U33, U38, U39, U4l, 2164 641< x 1 RAM
U42, U47, U48
U34 81-326 Boot PRCM (2764)
U35 Z80A PIO
U36 I>t1581678 Clock
U37, U45, U59, U72 74lS02 Quad NCR gate
U40 74lS00 Quad NAND gate
U43 Z80A CPU
U44 1793 Floppy disk controller
U46 74lS04 Hex inverter
U52 74lS32 Quad CR gate
U70, U74, U75 Spares
U60 74lS195 4-bit shift register
U61 74lS08 Quad AND gate
U65 74lSl0 Tri NAND gate
U66, U75 74I.S74 Dual "0" flip-flop
U67 FDC9216 rata separator
U73 74OCOO Quad NAND gate
6-45
&Xl'E SICHUS. 81-296-0
**********
Scope signals fOr this mainboard will be available soom the section will be
sent to the dealers fOr insertion into the new Technical Re ference Manual as
soon as it is available.
************
6-46
.
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REVISIONS
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PROPRIETARY
IflY IO~S~lt'U~N
TV4 '.PI"
INFORMATION'
CCO'l
"r<il...so\,
3. Remove the two screws from the front of the mainboard that attach the
mainboard and the two plastic standoffs.
4. Remove the screws from the rear, top 0 f the chassis that secure the
mainboard. The KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 each have fOur Phillips"'head screws
and two hex-head screws. '!he KAYPRO 10, 2/84 and 4/84 each have three
Phillips-head screws and :fOur hex-head screws.
5. Rerrove the power, reset, and video plugs. en the KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83
these are J1, J5, and J7. en the KAYPRO 10, 2/84 and 4/84 these are J1,
J7, and J10.
6. Remove the ribbon cable(s). en theKAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 this is J6. en
the KAYPRO 10 they are J8 and J9. en the KAYPRO 2/84 and 4/84 this is
J8.
1. Set the mainboard on the plastic standoffs, insert the screws, but
do not tighten them yet.
2. Align the ports and the keyboard jack with the openings- on the rear, top
of the chassis.
3. Insert the screws through rear 0 f chassis into mounting holes. D:> oot
tighten yet.
4. '!he KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 each have fOur Phillips-head and two hex-head
screws. The KAYPRO 10, 2/84 and 4/84 each have three Phillips-head and
fOur hex-head screws.
5. Tighten the screws on the rear of the chassis and the screws that go into
the plastic stamo ffs.
6--53
7." CRI' ASSIMU.IES
Figure 7.1
D::>tronix video toard At the current time Kaypro is using CRT'
assemblies produced by Ibtronix, Elston, and
'Ibshiba. The adjustment pots are pOsitioned in
di fferent locations on the toards and can be
located by using figures 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3.
These pots are factory aligned and normally
need no adjustment. '!he purpose of these
-
adjustments is to obtain the correct size,
centering, and brightness of the display.
V.width
-
Use only non-metallic tools when making these
adjustments.
H.width Shrink Vert. Before any adjustments are made on the video
toard, the ALIGN diagnostic should be invoked.
I H. Hold
This will fill the screen with H's and aid in
adjustment.
I Focus
HClUZCNl'AL CENl'ERING
-
Bright
VERTICAL SIZE AND I...INEARI'lY
The fbllowing two procedures are to be
perfbrmed alternately until correct display is
obtained .
• -
Video Centering
--
Vert. Size
V. Hold
Adjust the vertical size pot to obtain pattern
height of approximately 4-7/8 inches.
--
characters are the same vertical size, top to
o Focus
rottcrn.
Width HClUZCNl'AL WID.lH
V Lin
Adjust the hori~ntal width pot to obtain a
display width of approximately 7 inches.
7-1
B<lUZCNTAL BCID (KAYPRO 2/83 and
4/83 with Ibt:zarl.x ally)
Figure 7.3-- 'Ihese procedures should be per :fOrmed to adjust
Toshiba. video 00ard horizontal hold.
--
Attach one end of a test jumper to TP2 (test
p:>int 2). Attach the -other end of the jumper
Bright to the heat sink at Q3.
Focus
Adjust R43 (horizontal hold pot) until the
display either stops scrolling or almost stops.
H. Hold
I (sometimes they don't stop scrollin;J
ccrcpletely)
-- V. Hold -I Disconnect the test jumper.
© V. Lin
I
~ Adjust the fbcus pot until the edges and center
of the display image are in fbcus.
Locking Clamp
Deflection Rings
Plastic Collar *** CAUl'ICN ***
HIGH VOLTAGE IS PRESENT AT THIS POINT
Coil
Ia:>sen the screw on the locking clamp (figure
7-4) •
7-2
VIIED ~ FCR MICREX CRI.'
Figure 7.5
Micrex video board
<D
7-2.1
Below is an example of perfect video alignment with a capital E positioned
along the borders. You can copy this diagram onto a piece 0 f clear, sti ff
plastic to use as a template over the screen •
fL.....__ 25mm
..... _r!
I
....
~ .. ...
.~
7-3
7.3 VIlEO SIc:aIS. OIl IOaPBO MIUJ!1B(JR)
Below is a list of the video signals 00 connector Jl of the mainboard and the
voltages en the video board. Repeated removal and installation of the video
]:x:)ard connector will loosen the oormection and produce poor oontact.
MalfUnctions due to a loose connector can be very difficult to trace.
Video cx::>mes :from the main ]:x:)ard as separate signals, not as a composite like a
TV signal.
A simple check :fOr l2V on the video board is to turn the BRIGHINFSS pot up,
then turn the rear panel brightness control down. If l2V is present an the
]:x:)ard, you should be able to see the raster lines en the screen.
7-4
7.4 LISTII!'K; CR ALIQI.MAC
If you have the assembly language utilities M-80 and L-80, this diagnostic
can be typed into the KAYPRO, then turned into a CCM file by I'\ll'l1'lio3' M-OO,
then L-80.
*******************************************************************
start:
ld hl, first+l
ld de,dest
ld bc,last-firstl
ldir
jp dest
·
,
dest equ 00000h
first: defb 0
·, .phase dest
;
; beginning 0 f the program
; first turn 0 ff the drives and turn on the vid page
firstl:
in a, (0lch)
set 7,a ~turn on the vid page
set 6,a ~turn off drives
res 0,a ;turn off drive a light
res l,a ~turn off drive b light
out (0lch) ,a
·, ld hl,3000h ; beginning 0 f the vid page
ld (hl), 'H'
ld de, 3000h+l
ld bc,3*1024 ~hCM many
ldir
ld hl,msgl
ld de, 03580h ~line 12
ld bc,80
ldir
ld hl,msg2
ld de, 03600h ;line 13
ld bc,80
ldir
7--5
7.4 ALIQI.tW! LISTING (cam:JD2)
lcx>p:
call delay
call aon
call delay
call aoff
call delay
call bon
call delay
call mff
jp lcx>p
aon:
in a, (0Ich)
set 0,a
out (0Ich) ,a
ret
aoff:
in a, (0Ich)
res 0,a
out (0Ich) ,a
ret
ron:
in a, (0Ich)
set l,a
out (0Ich),a
ret
mff:
in a, (0Ich)
res l,a
out (01ch) ,a
ret
delay:
ld be,2
delay0:
ld hl,0
delayl:
dec hI
Id a,h
or I
jp nz,deiayl
dec be
Id a,b
or c
jp nz,delay0
ret
7-6
7.4 ALIai.MAC LISTING (CQlJ.'IN(B)
'12345678901234567890123456789012
msgl: defb
defb KAY','P' OR 080H,'R' OR 080H,'O II
defb
msg2: defb
defb , crt ad','j' or 080h,'u' or 080h,'stment '
defb
last:
defb 0,0,0
end start
7-7
7.5 eRr ASSIlMB[X' RfID1AL. (EXCEPT BaIlE)
4. Remove the :fOur screws that connect the video PCB an:'i the bottom of the
chassis. This should be done from the outside, bottom of the chassis, not
~ inside the machine.
5. Rercove the video connector from the back of the video PCB.
6. Remove the. :fOur screws that connect the CRl' to the froot of the
machine chassis.
8. Remove the jOur plastic stando ffs from the CRl' PCB. These can be used on
the new CRI' PCB.
*** Note: Be:fOre starting with CRI' installation, check to see if the small
plastic starXioffs are attached to the bottom of the CRl' PCB. If they are
not attached, use the ones from the old board.
2. Position the CRI' so that the top mounting holes are aligned with the t\'JO
metal stando ffs on the chassis.
3. Insert screws through the top two mounting holes on the CRI' and into the
standoffs, but do not tighten.
4. Insert screws through the bottom two mounting holes on the CRI' and into
the stando ffs. Tighten these two screws an:'i the top two screws.
5. Ibld the CRI' PCB in place an:'i tilt the machine up so that it is sitting
on the cord wraps.
6. Align the plastic stando ffs on the PCB with the holes in the bottom 0 f
the chassis.
7-8
8.fJ PQiER SUPPLIES
Kaypro is using three di fferent brands 0 f power supplies at the present time.
These are Astec, Boschert, and Cal D.C. These three power supplies are
interchangeable with any of the Kaypro computers, if the power supply being
changed is a new one :from the factory.
********
There are no authorized dealer repairs that can be made on aIr:! of the power
supplies. The ONLY authorized dealer service to power supplies is 220V
configuration. Each brand of power supply can be configured fOr 220V
operation.
8-1
Two fuses are associated with each of the p::>Wer supplies. (he fuse (2 amp)iS'\
mounted on the rear of the chassis am accessible from outside the computer.
']he other fuse (2.5 amp) is mounted directly on the p::>Wer supply board.
22JlN catPIGlRATIQI
Identified by a beige board with a white label on the right of the compalent
side. '!he label will have the name AS'I'OC, :fOllowed by a model number, and the
output voltages.
IDeate the white shorting block labelled TB2. . I f the board is con figured :fOr
ll~, a pin will be visible on the right of the shortin; block.
Remove the shorting block and shift:. it to the right so that it ex>vers the pin.
A different pin should now be exposed on the left of the shorting block. '!he
p::>Wer supply is roll configured :fOr 22~ use.
8-2
Identified by the word "Boschert" 00 the cornpcnent side of the board at lower
right and above the. fuse and capacitor C2.
Unplug the wire fran point El and plug it into point E2 (labelled 22fiW).
IUint E2 is to the left. of point El. '!he power sUWly is now configured fOr
220V use.
Connector Wire
8-3
Cal D.C. IU.Jer &4Ply
'!here are two ceramic power resistors in the upper right-hand oomer of the
board. These resistors get quite hot durin3 operation. Wirin3 should be tied
down MNAY FRCM 'lHESE CCMPCNENTS.
locate a jumper block labelled llSVAC and 230VAC. With the jumper in the
11SVAC position the board is configured :fOr 110\1.
Remove the jumper from the socket labelled llSVAC and replace it in the socket
labelled 23evAC. The power sUR>ly is nt::M configured :fOr 220\1 use.
J Sockets
9-4
8.3 POmR SUPPLY REMOI7AL
1. Tum off the machine and discormect the H:. pc:wer (5.1).
4. Remove the :fOur screws that connect the fX)Wer supply and the back of the
chassis. These are easier to remove from outside the back 0 f the chassis
than from inside the machine.
1. Fbsition the power supply inside the chassis so that the :fOur plastic
standoffs are aligned with the :fOur mount.in; holes in the chassis. Be
certain that the power connector is on the side nearest the drives.
3. Insert :fOur screws through the rear of the chassis and into the plastic'
standoffs of the power supply.
8-5
9.e DISKErl'E IIUVES
9.1 INl'RCDrl'ICN
All diskette drive types (except the high~ensity drives in the RCBIE and 4X)
are flmctionally interchCID3'eable between manufacturers.
Because of the number of manufacturers from which Kaypro gets its diskette
drives, no attempt is made in this manual to show alignment procedures fur
each of the drives. If you have access to a drive manual fur a particular
model, and have the Dysan Alignment Diskette (Dysan's part number: 224/2A)
the knowledge, and an oscilloscope, go ahead and align away. Kaypro
Corporation's policy is to do no repairs on these components.
Ibwever, since the company recognizes the fact that many customers want a
KAYFRO computer in which both drives have the same outward appearance, we
provide a guide fur determining models of diskette drives from the placement
of the LED and the drive door closure.
This section also contains diagrams and instructions on jumpering the various
models of diskette drives to be used as either A or B (or, in the case of the
KAYFRO 10, C) drive.
Generally speaking the majority of people clean disk drives too often. l.hless
the environment is especially dusty or dirty, under commercial use there is 00
reason to clean the drives more than twice a year.
Use care in selecting a cleaning kit. Many of the drive head cleaning kits on
the market are very abrasive. Cleaning is done by the liquid solution, not by
mechanical scrubbing.
1) SCorcH #7440
2) HFAD CCMPUI'ER PRCDUCl'S 5 1/4 CLEANING DISK
3) P~ DATA 5 1/4 CLEANING DISK
4) FLOPPICLENE 5 1/4 CLEANING DISK"
Re fer to the symptam- fix guide fur troublesh::x:>ting hints relative to the flowy
drives, the Winchester hard disk, and the Drivetec (high~ensity) drives.
9-1
9.2 tiBIQI BlWID (F IIUVE IS IT?
'nle fullowing figures represent the face plates of the different brands of
hal f-height floppy drives that are used in Kaypro computers. The drive dcx:>r
closure and the LED position can be used to re ference the drive.
II II a:::a
~ ~
9-2
Fig. 9. 4, 'l'(J{YO ELEXmUC
'-
c I~~~ 'I I
•
·1
I
[ ~
OJ
I( D
@
0 r
•
II I
@
9-3
Fig. 9.7, DRIVETEC
I· .I
I I
9-4
9.3 JI.HIIBlUriG DDGW6
Figure 9.9
Epsan diskette drive
EPfDl
Next to the connector for the data cable is a
black plug with ten pins. These pins are
jumpered to chan.:re the configuration of the
drive. They are MX, 0, 1, 2, 3.
9-5
Figure 9.10
Shugart diskette drive
Jumper option
SEImR1"
Next to the connector for the data cable is a
blue plug with eleven pins. These pins are I,
2, 3, 4, MX. .
Figure 9.11
Tokyo Electric
diskette drive
'IaaO~C
RAll Next to the connector for the data cable is a
blue plug with ten pins. 'lhese pins are 000,
DSl, DS2, DS3, MX.
9-6
Figure 9.12
TbShiba diskette drive
Jumper option
~
Next to the connector fbr the data cable is a
black plug with sixteen pins. These are 1, 2,
3, 4, LI, LD, HD, HM. Next to· the black plug,
is a 470-<>hm terminating resistor with the
letters "DM" to the left of it. locate this
resistor. (h the other side of the resistor is
another black plug. This plug has the letters
"RM" to the left of it and the letters "PJ5" to
the right of it. It has sixteen pins. For the
terminating resistor to function, all pins must
be jumpered EXCEPT' the two next to the letters
"RM". When the resistor is oot needed, none of
the pins should be jumpered.
9-7
Figure 9.13
Hi-Tech diskette drive
Junper option
m-'HDI
RPl Next to the connector fur the data cable is a
black plug with eight pins. These pins are
DS0, DSl, DS2, DS3.
9-8
9.4 BI<B-IB1Sl'lY (ImVJmr!) DUVIS
'lhe high-density diskette drives are currently being offered in the KAYPRO
RCBIE, and KAYPRO 4X- 'lhese are 5-1/4 inch, double-sided drives with 192
tracks per inch. Fach drive has 16g cylinders with a total of 32g tracks
and a 1brmatted storage capacity of 2.6 megabytes.
Next to the oonnector 1br the data cable is a drive select switch- 001
through D54. .
A DRIVE: 001 should be in the "on" ·position. All other switches should be in
the "off' position.
DRIVE: 002 should be in the "on" position. All other switches should be in
the "off' position.
9-9
18.8 HMO DISK lBIV!S (DYPRO 18)
10-1
1.8.2 liB::RIPrI<N
'!he hard disk drives used in the KAYFRO 10 are irrlustry standard, 5-1/4 inch
half-height drives offering Winchester. technology. This technology includes
sealeq. media am drive heads, with an air filtration system that prevents
contaminatioo. Since the drives are sealed, there are no dealer serviceable
. components 00 the drive. '!be ooly authorized dealer service to the hard disk
drives is drive configuration.· .
10-2
Figure UJ.1 'Ihere are t1NO types of drive
Microscience selection switch banks available
9 Ibsition SWitch 00 Microscience drives. Qle type
has nine (9) switches and ate type
has ten (10) switches. 'Ihese switches
are located 00 the drive PCB next to
the poNer plug.
10-3
For all hard drives and all diskette drives used in KAYFRO 10 computers.
Note: As you remove the cables on the KAYPRO 10, it's a good
idea to label them. This will insure that they get replaced"
correctly. Also, the end of the data cable that has a
different color wire (usually red) goes to pin #1 on the
connector.
3. Remove the two diagonal braces from the right side 0 f the chassis.
4. Tilt the machine up so that the front of the machine is sitting on the
work sur face and parallel to the floor.
5. Remove the six screws from the bottom of the chassis that "are under the
drives. Set the machine back down.
7. Slide entire drive shield unit slightly to the rear, to make room fur
the face of the floppy to clear the opening.
8. Lift. entire drive shield unit slightly and slide out the side of the
chassis.
1. Remove the ribbon cables, power plug and "the ground wire from the back of
the drive (hard drive or flOFPY). Label these.
2. Remove the two screws that attach the bottom of the drive to the drive
shield (hard drive or flomr).
3. Renove the two screws that attach the top of the drive to the .drive
shield.
10-4
1. Configure the new drive. Refer to page 10-3 for the hard drive, pages
9-5 to 9-7 for the floppy drive.
2. Slide the drive into the shield so that the mounting holes in the drive
are aligned with tb::>se in the shield.
3. Insert two screws through the top of the shield am. into the mounting
holes of the drive.
5. Insert two screws through the bottom of the shield and into the mounting
holes of the drive.
7. Replace the ribbon cable ( s), power plug and ground wire.
9. Align the mounting holes in the drive shield with those in the chassis.
10. Insert the six screws through the mountin3 holes am. tighten securely.
11. Replace the two diagonal braces.
10-5
11.1 IESICklPl'l<B
'!he hard disk OCXltroller board used in the KAYPRO UJ is a Western Digital
board, and is not dealer-serviceab1e.
11-1
11.2 RFl!I:NAL/INSTAUATICN 1NS'l'm£l'I0lIS
3. Remove the two diag:>nal braces from the right side of the machine.
4. Remove the p::>wer plug and the three ribbcn cables from the hard disk
controller 1:x:>ard. Label these to insure correct replacement.
5. Remove the three screws that attach the hard disk controller board and. the
dri ve shield.
6. Remove the board.
1. Position the hard disk controller board so that the mounting holes in the
board are aligned with the holes in the drive shield.
11-2
12.1 IE9':P.IPrIQI
'!be intermce board that is used on the KA'YPRO UJ is the intermce between the
mainboard and the hard drive controller board. This board is oot dealer
serviceable.
12-1
12.2 Dll'ERFACB BCIUt) RI!MOI1AL
5. Remove the :£bur screws that attach the inter face board and the drive
shield.
12-2
13.8 ~
13-1
1. 'l\lm off the nechine am discamect the AC pc:wer( 5.1) •
2. Remove the fuur screws securing the top chassis CCNer (two
on each side of the machine).
14-1
14.2 DISKErl'E IRIVE REMOVAL
2. Remove the drive support unit from the chassis. '!here are
three screws in the froot and three screws in the rear.
3. Rarove the ribbon cable and the pcMer plugs fran the drives.
4. Lift the drive support unit (drives still attached) off the
chassis.
5. 'lb remove either drive from the drive support unit, turn the
unit over and remove the :fbur screws that attach the
specific drive to the support unit.
2. Insert :fbur screws into the drive support unit and into the
drive. Tighten these screws securely.
3. Set the drive support unit on the chassis and align the
mounting holes in the support unit with those in the
chassis.
4. Insert three screws into the front mounting holes and three
screws into the rear mounting holes. Tighten these
securely.
5. Replace the rib1:on cable and the power plugs on the drives.
14-2
15." ~
****************************
Fixes fur each problem noted are presented in descending order 0 f
occurrence.
****************************
15-1
15.2 IQMJR) 2 AND 4 ~ QJIIE
Fuse blows \<\ihen Defective power supply Discormect all roodules fran pow'eI"
is turned
pow'eI" supply: replace power supply if
on fuse still blows
15-2
RAYPBO 2 MD " SYMPT<M-PIX <m:IE (carr·D)
PcJ..ler LED flickers Shorted IOOdule Disoonnect IOOdules fran paNer, one
at a time, until LED stays on:
replace IOOdule Whose unplugging
caused LED to stay en.
15-3
IQ\YPRO 2 AND 4 SYMP1'<M-FIX <mlE (CCBT'D)
15-4
IQMJRO 2 AND 4 S!MPl'<H-FIX mIlE (carr'D)
15-5
:KAYPRO 2 MD 4 SY.MP'l'QI--FIX QJIIE (CCJtl'DIJI!i)
Drive will not Drive connectors loose Check all connectors on rear of
step throUJh all drive, esp. P12 (Tandon drives)
tracks on diskette
De fective .mainboard Replace nai.nboard
15-6
KAYPRO 2 AND 4 SYMPr<M-FIX WIJE (CCNTINUED)
No output to Baud rate 0 f printer Use CCNFIG to set bam rate fur
serial printer does not match baud serial port
(cont'd) rate of ccmputer
15-7
15.3 KAYPRO UJ S!MPl'(M-FIX QJIJE
IMPORI'ANT N<JrE
********************
. 0::> not proceed with troubleshooting a Kaypro 10 until you veri f:l that the
computer has eprom number 81-302-x (installed at the factory), or has been
upgraded in the field with kit number 31-303 (consisting of eprom number
81-302-x, a modified interface board, and a utilities reload diskette.)
15~8
IQ\YPRO 18 S!MPTCM-PIX <DIIE (<nrr'D)
Parler LED flickers Shorted nodule Disconnect ItDdules fran power ene
at a time until LED stays en:
replace nodule Whose unplugging
causes LED to stay en
15-9
ICK!PRO UJ S!MP.rCM-I'IX QJDE (cnrr'D)
No video: drives Pcx>r cable cormectioo Check all cable connectioos, (esp.
running tol fran video harness plug)
Hard drive bc:ots, De fecti ve system image Run Pl1l'SYS and PI:Jl'01L fran the
but no cursor 00 diskette drive, push RESEl'
video
Defective uainboard Replace nainboard
Diskette drive De fective system image Run GENFLPY on the diskette: push
bc:ots, but no· on diskette RESEr
cursor on video
Defective nainboard Replace mainboard
15-10
I<AYPRO UJ SYMP1'CM-FIX QJIIE (CQft'1 D)
Diskette drive J:OOr cable connecticn Check all cable connections; esp.
\\IOn 1 t boot; or those to/ fran drives and the
BDCS errors oontroller board
15-11
KAYPRO 10 SYMPl'(M-PIX <D.IIE (CQfrI D)
Except in the case of an obvious head crash or brake assembly failure, ALWAYS
suspect other modules first when a de feet appears to be within the hard drive.
15-12
I(AYlIR) 18 S'M'lUI-PIX QJDB (CDlr'D)
15-13
15.4 I(AYIIK) lOUE SYMP.lOI-F.IX WIlE
Fuse blows when Defective power supply Disconnect all roodules fran power
power is turned supply: replace power supply if
on fuse still blows
15-14
IQ\YPR) lUllE SYMPl'C.M--F1X QJDE (CXB·T.)
15-15
KAYPRO lQIE S!MPl'04-PIX <mm (car'T.)
15-16
I<AYPRO RCBIE SM'1'CM-FIX GJDE (CCNT ' D. )
Drive will not Drive connectors loose Cheek all connectors on rear of
step through all drive
tracks on diskette
De fecti ve nainboard Replace nainboard
15-17
CCNDITICN PCSSIBLE CAUSE REXXMIDIDED ACTICN
15-18
15.5 KAYPRO 2/84 AND KAYPRO 2X SYMP'J.'<H--FIX WIlE
See KAYPRO 2 AND 4 SYMPI'G1-FIX GUIDE fur the 2/84. '!he problems and
solutioos will oot be di fferent.
For troubleshooting infurmation on the KAYPRO 2X, see the KAYPRO 2 AND 4
SYMPI'CM-FIX GUIDE fur all problems.
15-19
15.6 KAYPRO 4X S!MPl'<M-PIX QJllE
For help in troubleshooting the KAYPRO .4X, see the KAYPRO RCBIE SYMPr'CM-FIX
GUIDE.
l5-W
16.1iiJ ICAYPRO SYSTIH I/O
'!he Kaypro video section was originally designed to imitate most of the
control sequences of a lear-Siegler ADM-3A terminal. For most commercial
software, this meant that you could "install" or customize the display
characteristics by choosin; AOM-3A from the menu.
'!he arove is no longer true fOr the current Kaypro line. '!he ~e to
graphics and the di fferences in cursor control keys caused the charr;e.
ESCape Sequences
16-1
* Additionally, the :fi::>llowing codes apply to: KAYPRO 2/84, 2X, 4/84, 4X, 10,
and RCBIE (KAYPRO computers with graphics capability):
16-2
16.2 KEmCNI> cae; AND !'tEl'IQ1S
16-3
16.3 ~ PIN-<l1l'S
16--4
CDII1l!Cl'(B Pm-aJl'S, IQ\YPK) 2/83 MD IQ\YPK) 4/83
STROBE 1 19
(LSB) DATA 0 2 20
I:V\TA 1 3 21
DATA 2 4 22
I:V\TA 3 5 23
DATA 4 6 24
I:V\TA 5 7 25 GROUND
I:V\TA 6 8 26
(MSB) I:V\TA 7 9 27
N/C 10 28
BUSY (IN) 11 29
12 30
13 31
N/C N/C
14 32
15 33 GROOND
16 34
GROUND
17 35 N/C
N/C 18 36
Note that the BUSY line is read by the KAYPRO as active when it's
disconnected (no cable). The computer will han;J if you attempt to print to
an unconnected parallel printer.
16-5
IQ\YPR) 2/83 AND lO\YPK).4/83 REmQMID~ (J3)
TxD 4 2 RxD
GND 3 1 +5V
GROUND 1
14
TxD 2
15
. RxD 3
16
4
17
crs S
18
6
19
GROUND 7
20
8
21
9
22
10
23 N/C
N/C 11
24
12
25
13
Bottan of connector
Top of connector
16-6
~ 18 MJIBot P(Rl' (J3)
GROUND 1
14
TxD 2
15
RxD 3
16
RI'S 4
17
crs 5
18
+5V 6
19
GROUND 7
20 DI'R
r:x:o 8
21
9
22
10
23
11
24
12
25
13
Bottan of cormector
Top of cormector
The pin-out for this connector is the same as J3 on the KAYPRO 2/83
and I<AYP:ro 4/83.See page 16-6.
The pin-out for this cormector is the same as J2 on the KAYPRO 2/83
and KAYPRO 4/83. See P=lge 16-5.
16-7
KAYPID 18 SERIAL PRII!llm Fan'(RS232C - J4)
GRaND 1
14
RxD 2
15
TxD 3
16
4
17
5
18
6
19
GROUND 7
20 crs
8
21
9
22
10
23 N/C
11
24
12
25
13
Botton of cormector
'Ibp of cormector
16-7.1
The pin-out for this connector is the same as J3 on the KAYPRO 2/83
and KAYFro 4/83. See page 16--6.
I<AYPBO 2/84. 2X, 4/84. 4X AND lQ3IB SERIAL :flAm aJAR!1EL (J4)
The pin-out for this connector is the same as J4 00 the KAYFro 2/83
and KAYPRO 4/83. See page 16-6. .
I<AYPBO 2/84. 2X. 4/84. 4X AND ROOIB SERIAL PRllllm ~l'CR (J3)
GroUND 1
14
RxD 2
15
TxD 3
16
4
17
N/C 5
18
6
19
GROUND 7
2121 Cl'S
8
21
9
22
1121
23 N/C
N/C 11
24
12
25
13
16--8
I<AYPRO 2/84, 2X, 4/84, 4X AND RCBIE PARAI.UL PRlNl'ER ~ (J5)
PSTRCB 1 19
00 2 20
Dl 3 21
D2 4 22
D3 5 23
D4 6 24
D5 7 25
D6 8 26 GRaJND
D7 9 27
10 28
11 29
12 30
13 31
14 32
15 33
GRaJND 16 34 GRaJND
17 35
SPARE 18 36
N/C 1
2 N/C
TIP (Green) 3
4 RING (Red)
N/C 5
6 N/C
16-9
16.4 I/O PCRl' AlDkSSPS
'!he port addresses belaN apply to KAYPRO 2/83 and 4/83 carputers.
06 RS-232C Status (R/W) - <X>ntrol/ status port £Or the z-80 SIo.
Refer to Zilog/Mostek Microcomputer Data books fur :further
in :fOnnation.
The serial output is an 8-bit word with one start, one stop, and no parity.
Examples:
Manuals on the Z-80 CPU, Z-80 PIO, Z-80 SIO are available from the ZIr.oo
sales offi..ce nearest to you. Western Digital can sell you a copy of the
manual :fOr the Floppy Disk Controller. Re fer to Re ference Section :fOr
vendors' mailing addresses and pb:xle numbers.
When ordering manuals :fOr any of the chips mentioned above, remove the hood
from the computer and write down the :full model number that is on the top
surmce of the chip. 'nlis is the best way to be certain of getting the
proper manual from either of the manumcturers listed above.
16-10
The following p::>rt address information applies to KAYPRO l~, KAYPRO 2/84,
KAYPRO 2X, KAYPro 4/84, KAYPRO 4X, am KAYPRO ROBIE.
Port#
Use (hex) Device Function
Keyboard:
~5 ZSIO 1 Keyboard data(R/W). Eight-bit
Olan. B data fran keyboard.
Vide:>:
lC 6545/6845 FA CRl' controller status/control
I/O.
16-11
Port#
Use (hex) Device E\mction
Bit functions:
16-12
IUrt#
Use (hex) Device Function
System:
14 - 17 74 373 System output port..
Bit functions.
Bit filnctions •
16-13
R:>rt#
Use (hex) .. Device Function
Internal M::ldem:
0D ZSIO 2 Internal rcodem data. I/O port.
Chan. B
Bit functions.
16-14
1:Ort#
Use (hex) Device Functioo
16-15
17.8 l'CISfBlCIH:B SfI!l'IQI
Dec Hex Olar Dec Hex Olar Dec Hex Olar Dec Hex Olar
NUL or A@
,
0 00 32 20 Space 64 40 @ 96 60
1 01 SCH or AA 33 21 1 65 41 A 97 61 a-
2 02 srx or "'B 34 22 " 66 42 B 98 62 b
3 03 El'X or AC 35 23 # 67 43 C 99 63 c
4 04 Ear or AD 36 24 $ 68 44 D 100 64 d
5 05 ENO or AE 37 25 % 69 45 E 101 65 e
6 06 ACK or AF 38 26 & 70 46 F 102 66 f
7 07 BEL or AG 39 27 71 47 G 103 67 9
8 00 BS or AH 40 28 ( 72 48 H 104 68 h
9 09 HI' or AI 41 29 ) 73 49 I 105 69 i
10 1M. LF or AJ 42 2A * 74 4A J 106 6A j
11 0B VT or AK 43 2B + 75 4B K 107 6B k
12 ex:: FF or AL 44 2C 76 4C L 108 6C 1
13 eo CR or AM 45 2D 77 4D M 109 6D m
14 0E SO or "N 46 2E . 78 4E N 110 6E n
15 0F SI or "'0 47 2F / 79 4F 0 111 6F 0
16 10 DLE or Ap 4830 0 80 50 p 112 70 P
17 11 OClor AO 49 31 1 81 51 0 113 71 q
18 12 OC2 or AR 50 32 2 82 52 R 114 72 r
19 13 OC3 or AS 51 33 3 83 53 S 115 73 s
20 14 OC4 or AT 52 34 4 84 54 T 116 74 t
21 15 NAK or "'u 53 35 5 85 55 U 117 75 u
22 16 SYN or "'V 54 36 6 86 56 V 118 76 v
23 17 EI'B or "W 55 37 7 87 57 W 119 77 w
24 18 CAN or AX 56 38 8 88 58 X 120 78 x
25 19 EM or "y 57 39 9 89 59 Y 121 79 Y
26 lA SUB or AZ 58 3A 90 :!~1.\. -z 122 7A z
27 1B ESC or A[ 59 3B 91 5B [ 123 7B {
28 lC FS or A\ 60 3C < 92 5C \ 124 7C I
29 lD GS or A] 61 3D = 93 5D ] 125 7D }
30 IE RS or 62 3E > 94 5E 126 7E
31 IF US or 63 3F ? 95 5F 127 7F DEL
17-1
17.3 MlKm'" IW?S
CBIOS
FAOOH
BOOS
.. ECOOH
CCP
E400H
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-2
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO 10
CBIOS
EAOOH
BOOS
OCOOH
CCP
0400H
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-3
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO 2/84 AND 4/84
CBIOS
F600H
BOOS
E800H
CCP
EOOOH
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-4
MEMORY MAP OF KAYPRO ROBIE
CBIOS
F200H
BOOS E400H
CCP
OCOOH
TRANSIENT
PROGRAM
AREA
IOOH
CP/M BUFFERS
OOH
17-5
11.4 V!1\1IXB AIXBBSSPS
Kaypro Corporatiexl does not provide repair or reference manuals :fOr other
canpanies' products which are used in Kaypro computers. '!he list belOW' does
not presume to be complete, but is inc11Xled :fOr dealer convenience in
orderjn; manuals directly :fran the manufacturer.
Drivetec Mostek
2140 Bering Drive -- 180e4 Skypark Circle
san Jose, ca. 95131 Suite 140
(4e8) 946-2222 Irvine, ca. 92714
(714) 25e-0455
Epsal
17752 Skypark #255 National Semiconductor
Irvine, ca 92714 2900 Semiconductor Drive
(714) 25e-0111 Santa Clara, ca. 95fZJ51
(408) 737-5""'"
HI-rnoc=
1fZJl5fZJ Sorrento Valley Rd. Texas Instruments
san Diego, Ca. 92121 1762fZJ Fitch
(619) 452-5500 Irvine, ca. 92714
(714) 545-521fZJ
Microscience
575 E. Middlefield Road Western Digital
Mountain View, ca. 94043 3128 Red Hill Ave.
(415) 961-2212 Costa Mesa, Ca.. 92626
Zi10g
Seagate 18fZJ23 Skypark Circle"
92121 Disc Drive Suite J
Scotts Valley, ca. 95fZJ66 Irvine, ca. 92714
( 4e8) 438-655fZJ (714) 549-2891
Shugart
475 CBkmead Parkway
Sunnyvale, Ca. 94086
( 4e8) 733-121100
Tandon
212132121 Prairie st.
Chatsworth, Ca. 91311
(213) 993-6644
rnoc=
10012J E. Walnut St.
Pasadena, Ca. 9111216
(213) 681-5631
Toshiba
9I2J3fZJ carroll canyon #7
san Diego, Ca. 92121
(619) 578-9171
17--6
CRl' AsSE!ll'b1ies Power Supplies
Audiotronics Astec
7420 Belair Ave. 1101 Space Park
N. Hollywood, ca. 91605 Santa Clara, ca. 95050
(213) 765-2645 (400) 727-3350
n:rt;ronix Boschert
160 1st Street S. E. 384 Santa Trinita Ave.
New Brighton, ~. 55112 Sunnyvale, ca. 94086
(612) 633-1742 (408) 732-2240
Toshiba
9030 carroll canyon #7 Disk Controller Board
San Diego, ca. 92121
(619) 578-9171 Western Digital
2445 MCCabe Wiy
Irvine, ca. 92714
Keyboards (714) 863-0102
Keytronics
7032 Owensmouth "8e> .. I (P
91 S Q A "'oS -0 210(.. -00'
Canoga Park, ca. 91303 fl;~O boje" Ii "I -04. -2.01
(714) 832-1685
SMK
4617 Ruffner Street #206 ~-.)'tOI\ -02."'1
San Diego, Ca.. 92111
(619) 560-8330
Tw' I'''''''' -()
17-7
ICAYPRO II 'lbeary of Qleratial, by I)ma Cotant-Micro Cornucopia,
P.o. Box 223 - Bend, CR. 97709
Some ex>lared marlters or pencils with which to mark the chip layout diagrams
in this manual according to flmction (video, disk control, etc.) will be
use ful. SUch "maps" can be time-saving devices. (Because 0 f printing
costs and problems, Kaypro is unable to supply colored "maps" in the
Technical Manual.)
'!he CP/M Manual inclooed with each KAYPRo. You can devise excellent and
effective tests 'fbr the machines through imaginative use of CP/M programs
like PIP, SUBMIT, XSUB. . 'lb this end, books alx>ut CP/M (with an emphasis en
prograIIl'lrin1: not fbr the beginner) can be helpful.
A good book cootaining infbrmatien on the ZOO microcomputer and its :family
(SIO, PIO). Timing diagrams (or scope signals) in these books can help
troubleshoot mainboards.
Arr:! component repair manuals you feel necessary. See Section .17.4 fbr
vendor addresses.
18-1
INDEX
Date
--------------------
~-----------------------------------------------
Job Title
----------------------------------------------
Address
--------------------------------------------------
Page Cannent
Publications Department
Kaypro Corporation
P.O. Box N
Del Mar, Ca. 92014