ListenData - Python Data Structures

6/2/2019 Python Data Structures
PYTHON DATA STRUCTURES

Deepanshu Bhalla 14 Comments Python
This post explains the data structures used in

Python. It is essential to understand the data
structures in a programming language. In python,
there are many data structures available. They
are as follows :
1. strings
2. lists
3. tuples
4. dictionaries
5. sets
Python Data Structures
1. Strings
Python String is a sequence of characters.
How to create a string in Python
You can create Python string using a single or

double quote.
mystring = "Hello Python3.6"

print(mystring)
Output:
https://www.listendata.com/2017/06/python-data-structures.html 1/13
Hello Python3.6
Can I use multiple single or double quotes to

define string?
Answer is Yes. See examples below -
Multiple Single Quotes
mystring = '''Hello Python3.6'''

print(mystring)
Output:
Hello Python3.6
Multiple Double Quotes
mystring = """Hello Python3.6"""

print(mystring)
Output:
Hello Python3.6
How to include quotes within a string?
mystring = r'Hello"Python"'
print(mystring)
Output:
Hello"Python"
How to extract Nth letter or word?
You can use the syntax below to get first letter.
mystring = 'Hi How are you?'

mystring[0]
Output
'H'
mystring[0] refers to first letter as indexing in

python starts from 0. Similarly, mystring[1] refers
to second letter.
To pull last letter, you can use -1 as index.
mystring[-1]
To get first word
mystring.split(' ')[0]
Output : Hi
How it works -
1. mystring.split(' ') tells Python to use space as a

delimiter.
Output : ['Hi', 'How', 'are', 'you?']
2. mystring.split(' ')[0] tells Python to pick first

word of a string.
2. List
Unlike String, List can contain different types of

objects such as integer, float, string etc.
1. x = [142, 124, 234, 345, 465]

2. y = [‘A’, ‘C’, ‘E’, ‘M’]
3. z = [‘AA’, 44, 5.1, ‘KK’]
Get List Item
We can extract list item using Indexes. Index

starts from 0 and end with (number of
elements-1).
Syntax : list[start : stop : step]
1. start : refers to starting position.

2. stop : refers to end position.
3. step : refers to increment value.
k = [124, 225, 305, 246, 259]

k[0]
k[1]
k[-1]
k[0]
124
k[1]
225
k[-1]
259
Explanation :
k[0] picks first element from list.

Negative sign tells Python to
search list item from right to left.
k[-1] selects the last element from
list.
To select multiple elements from a list, you can

use the following method :
k[:3] returns [124, 225, 305]

k[0:3] also returns [124, 225, 305]
k[::-1] reverses the whole list and returns [259,
246, 305, 225, 124]
Sort list
sorted(list) function arranges list in ascending
order.
sorted(list, reverse=True) function sorts list in
descending order.
sorted(k) returns [124, 225, 246, 259, 305]

sorted(k, reverse=True) returns [305, 259, 246,
225, 124]
Add 5 to each element of a list
In the program below, len() function is used to

count the number of elements in a list. In this
case, it returns 5. With the help of range()
function, range(5) returns 0,1,2,3,4.
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for i in range(len(x)):
x[i] = x[i] + 5
print(x)
[6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
It can also be written like this -
for i in range(len(x)):
x[i] += 5
print(x)
Combine / Join two lists
The '+' operator is concatenating two lists.
X = [1, 2, 3]
Y = [4, 5, 6]
Z=X+Y
print(Z)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Sum of values of two list
X = [1, 2, 3]
Y = [4, 5, 6]
import numpy as np
Z = np.add(X, Y)
print(Z)
print(Z)
[5 7 9]
Similarly, you can use np.multiply(X, Y) to

multiply values of two list.
Repeat List N times
The '*' operator is repeating list N times.
X = [1, 2, 3]
Z=X*3
print(Z)
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
Note : The above two methods also work

for string list.
Modify / Replace a list item
Suppose you need to replace third value to a

different value.
X = [1, 2, 3]
X[2]=5
print(X)
print(X)
[1, 2, 5]
Add / Remove a list item
We can add a list item by using append method.
X = ['AA', 'BB', 'CC']

X.append('DD')
print(X)
Result : ['AA', 'BB', 'CC', 'DD']
Similarly, we can remove a list item by

using remove method.
X = ['AA', 'BB', 'CC']

X.remove('BB')
print(X)
Result : ['AA', 'CC']
3. Tuple
Like list, tuple can also contain mixed data. But

tuple cannot be changed or altered once created
whereas list can be modified. Another difference
is a tuple is created inside parentheses ( ).
Whereas, list is created inside square brackets [
]
Examples
mytuple = (123,223,323)
City = ('Delhi','Mumbai','Bangalore')
Perform for loop on Tuple
for i in City:
print(i)
Delhi
Mumbai
Bangalore
Tuple cannot be altered
Run the following command and check error
X = (1, 2, 3)
X[2]=5
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item

assignment
4. Dictionary
It works like an address book wherein you can

find an address of a person by searching the
name. In this example. name of a person is
considered as key and address as value. It is
important to note that the key must be unique

while values may not be. Keys should not be
duplicate because if it is a duplicate, you cannot
find exact values associated with key. Keys can
be of any data type such as strings, numbers, or
tuples.
Create a dictionary
It is defined in curly braces {}. Each key is

followed by a colon (:) and then values.
teams = {'Dave' : 'team A',

'Tim' : 'team B',
'Babita' : 'team C',
'Sam' : 'team B',
'Ravi' : 'team C'
}
Extract Keys and Values of Dictionary
teams.keys() returns dict_keys(['Dave', 'Tim',
'Babita', 'Sam', 'Ravi'])

teams.values() returns dict_values(['team A',
'team B', 'team C', 'team B', 'team C'])
Find Values of a particular key
teams['Sam']
Output : 'team B'
Delete an item
del teams['Ravi']
Add an item
teams['Deep'] = 'team B'
Output :
{'Babita': 'team C',
'Dave': 'team A',
'Deep': 'team B',
'Sam': 'team B',
'Tim': 'team B'}
5. Sets
Sets are unordered collections of simple objects.
X = set(['A', 'B', 'C'])
Q. Does 'A' exist in set X?
'A' in X
Result : True
Q. Does 'D' exist in set X?
'D' in X
Result : False
Q. How to add 'D' in set X?
X.add('D')
Q. How to remove 'C' from set X?
X.remove('C')
Q. How to create a copy of set X?
Y = X.copy()
Q. Which items are common in both sets X

and Y?
Y&X

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6/2/2019 Python Data Structures

PYTHON DATA STRUCTURES

This post explains the data structures used in

Python Data Structures

Python String is a sequence of characters.

How to create a string in Python

You can create Python string using a single or

mystring = "Hello Python3.6"

Can I use multiple single or double quotes to

Answer is Yes. See examples below -

Multiple Single Quotes

mystring = '''Hello Python3.6'''

Multiple Double Quotes

mystring = """Hello Python3.6"""

How to include quotes within a string?

How to extract Nth letter or word?

You can use the syntax below to get first letter.

mystring = 'Hi How are you?'

mystring[0] refers to first letter as indexing in

To pull last letter, you can use -1 as index.

To get first word

1. mystring.split(' ') tells Python to use space as a

Output : ['Hi', 'How', 'are', 'you?']

2. mystring.split(' ')[0] tells Python to pick first

Unlike String, List can contain different types of

1. x = [142, 124, 234, 345, 465]

Get List Item

We can extract list item using Indexes. Index

Syntax : list[start : stop : step]

1. start : refers to starting position.

k = [124, 225, 305, 246, 259]

k[0] picks first element from list.

To select multiple elements from a list, you can

k[:3] returns [124, 225, 305]

sorted(k) returns [124, 225, 246, 259, 305]

Add 5 to each element of a list

In the program below, len() function is used to

It can also be written like this -

Combine / Join two lists

The '+' operator is concatenating two lists.

Sum of values of two list

Similarly, you can use np.multiply(X, Y) to

Repeat List N times

The '*' operator is repeating list N times.

Note : The above two methods also work

Modify / Replace a list item

Suppose you need to replace third value to a

Add / Remove a list item

We can add a list item by using append method.

X = ['AA', 'BB', 'CC']

Result : ['AA', 'BB', 'CC', 'DD']

Similarly, we can remove a list item by

X = ['AA', 'BB', 'CC']

Result : ['AA', 'CC']

Like list, tuple can also contain mixed data. But

Perform for loop on Tuple

Tuple cannot be altered

Run the following command and check error

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item

It works like an address book wherein you can

important to note that the key must be unique

It is defined in curly braces {}. Each key is

teams = {'Dave' : 'team A',