Probability
The chance that something will happen.
How likely it is that some event will
occur.
Sometimes we can measure a
probability with a number like "10%
chance", or we can use words such as
impossible, unlikely, possible, even
chance, likely and certain.
As a number, probability is from 0
(impossible) to 1 (certain).
FORMULA
If all results have the same chance to
happen, the elementary events are equally
likely outcomes. It's the case when you
throw a dice. In that case, if A is an event,
then the probability of the event A is a
number between 0 and 1 which is :
For example if A is the event 'to get a
number greater or equal to 3', then
 We can describe
We note the following
probabilities in three
about probabilities: Probability using Permutations and
ways:
Combinations

A 4 digit PIN is selected. What is the probability that there

As a real number between 0 and 1. For
example 0,75,75.
As a fraction. For example 0,75 can also be written
as 3/4.
A probability of 0 means that an event
are no repeated digits?
will never occur.
There are 10 possible values for each digit of the PIN
(namely: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), so there are 10 × 10 × 10
× 10 = 10
A probability of 1 means that an event will
4 = 10000 total possible PINs.
always occur.

As a percentage. For example 0,75 can be written A probability of 0,5 means that an event To have no repeated digits, all four digits would have to be
as 75%. will occur half the time, or 1 time out of different, which is selecting without replacement. We could
every 2. either compute 10 × 9 × 8 × 7, or notice that this is the same
as the permutation 10P4 = 5040.

The probability of no repeated digits is the number of 4

digit PINs with no repeated digits divided by the total
number of 4 digit PINs. This probability is