The Endless Innovation and 4th Industrial Revolution: Disruption with

Sustainability?
Technology Students' Gymkhana,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
From Amazon and Facebook to Google and Microsoft, leaders of the world’s most influential
technology firms are highlighting their enthusiasm for Artificial Intelligence (AI). But what
is AI? Why is it important? And why now? While there is growing interest in AI, the field is
understood mainly by specialists. Our goal for this primer is to understand, explore, and make
this important field accessible to a broader audience. As analysts, we look for emerging trends
that will create value for consumers and companies. We believe AI is an evolution in
computing as, or more, important than the shifts to mobile or cloud computing. “It’s hard to
overstate,” Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos wrote, “how big of an impact AI is going to have on
society over the next 20 years.” Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that
allows software applications to become more accurate in predicting outcomes without being
explicitly programmed. The basic premise of AI can be represented through the concept of
Machine Learning (ML) is to build algorithms that can receive input data and use statistical
analysis to predict an output value within an acceptable range. Machine learning (ML)
algorithms are often categorized as being supervised or unsupervised. Supervised algorithms
require humans to provide both input and desired output, in addition to furnishing feedback
about the accuracy of predictions during training. Once training is complete, the algorithm will
apply what was learned to new data. Unsupervised algorithms do not need to be trained with
desired outcome data. Instead, they use an iterative approach called deep learning to review
data and arrive at conclusions. Unsupervised learning algorithms are used for more complex
processing tasks than supervised learning systems. Both of these are relevant for analyzing
data of structured and unstructured types with a higher efficiency.

By 2020 more than 50 billion things, ranging from cranes to coffee machines, will be
connected to the internet. That means a lot of data will be created - too much data, in fact, to
be manageable or to be kept forever affordably. Gateways can help; they not only dispatch
traffic but carry out some analytics functions, so that data can be better managed. For example,
they could be used to filter out ‘normal’ data over time and to look for unusual patterns which
may indicate a problem. Big Data (BD) is being generated at all times. Every digital
process and social media exchange produces it. Systems, sensors and mobile devices transmit
it. Much of this data is coming to us in an unstructured form, making it difficult to put into
structured tables with rows and columns. To extract insights from this complex data, Big Data
projects often rely on cutting edge analytics involving data science and machine learning.
Computers running sophisticated algorithms can help enhance the veracity of information by
sifting through the noise created by Big Data's massive volume, variety, and velocity. They
can also improve the costs of the transmission and storage of all that data. In next-generation
network technology, these gateways will be used dynamically as part of the network where
and when needed through the Analytics on Big Data using Machine Learning. The processes
involved in machine learning are similar to that of data mining and predictive modelling. Both
require searching through data to look for patterns and adjusting program actions
accordingly. Many people are familiar with machine learning from shopping on the internet
and being served ads related to their purchase. This happens because recommendation
engines use machine learning to personalize online ad delivery in almost real time.
Beyond personalized marketing, other common machine learning use cases include fraud
detection, spam filtering, network security threat detection, predictive maintenance and
building news feeds. Products become assets that can be connected to the internet, which
means they can be remotely monitored. This can help companies to better understand how
assets are used, to predict when they need maintenance and to sharpen the total cost of
ownership models. By knowing when faults can be avoided or their impact minimized, and
with a better understanding of risk and financial exposure, companies can establish service-
based contracts with service-level agreements based on reliable data. This is all possible
because the connectivity of devices has been transformed. Previously, connected devices such
as vending machines needed mains charging and relied on Wi-Fi, cellular or Bluetooth
connectivity. Now our connectivity requirements have expanded. We want connectivity in less
accessible places: factories in remote locations, rural fields or construction sites or - in cars -
potentially everywhere. We now have power-efficient sensors and a multitude of different
ways of connecting devices to cloud-based analytics, using low-power wide-area networks,
4G cellular and of course the super-efficient new 5G cellular standard, which is being
designed from the ground up to enable the Internet of Things (IoT).

We hope this guide cuts through the hype and explains why — whether you’re a consumer or
executive, entrepreneur or investor — this emerging trend will be important for us all. This is
the beginning of 4th Industrial revolution with artificial intelligence and machine learning
helping to analyse big data and coming out solutions through Internet of things.

This revolution will have big impact on sustainability hinges on three simple facts:

• taking meaningful action on corporate sustainability requires an understanding of all the

impacts that the business world and the natural world have on each other;

• the business world is a very complicated place, with lots of interactions between consumers
and companies and suppliers and markets, across value chain;

• the natural world is even more complicated, with lots of interactions between people and
resources and ecosystems and climate.

Until relatively recently businesses struggled to get a full picture of the impact of their own
operations. The information required to get an accurate understanding of even something
relatively simple such as energy consumption was kept in separate documents, in varying
formats, and across multiple sites. But now leading businesses such as Nike and Ikea are
trying to understand the entire end-to-end impact of their businesses, throughout the value
chain. This includes looking at what's happening outside the boundaries of the business,
including raw materials, suppliers, employees travelling, customers using products, how waste
is dealt with, and investments that have been made.

Our challenge is to understand and explain the following;

- Are we (global population) ready for the changes?

- What are the impacts socially, economically and environmentally facing the obvious
changes in the horizon?

- As an analyst how do you see opportunities in disrupting yet sustainable solutions?

PN: You can choose your own domain, industry, sector for illustrations
 2nd September 2017, Vikramshila, 1 PM

Rules:

1. Maximum of 20 participants per team are allowed and maximum of four of them are free to
speak at the time of presentation.

2. Maximum of 8 minutes is allowed to present the case + 2 minutes for the Question Answer
session.

3. Any given quantifiable specification in the timings, if exceeded will result in the following
penalty:
• If exceeded by up to 10%, then 10% of the marks obtained by the team in that section is
deducted.
• If exceeded by up to 20%, then 20% of the marks obtained by the team in the section is
deducted.
• If exceeded by more than 20%, then the team is awarded no marks in that section.

4. Printed copy of the presentation is to be submitted to the judge after the presentation.

5. There must be no communication with the judge until the results are announced. If any
member is found to be doing so, the team will be disqualified.

6. During Presentation, presenters cannot take each other name.

Judging Criteria:

Background Study & Research - 20

Organizing the plan - 20
Innovation on approaching the solution - 30
Presentation and Q & A session- 30

Registration Link: https://tinyurl.com/openiitcs

For any queries, contact:

Amritash Bharadwaj
7477785888