Chapter 01 Vince

RIZAL MARINE AND TECHNOCOMPUTER COLLEGE, INC.
No. 11 Yujuico St., Tanay, Rizal

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
Email address: rmtc_94@yahoo.com
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PRICE

FLUCTUATION OF BAKED PRODUCTS IN TANAY
A Quantitative Research
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
RIZAL MARINE TECHNO COMPUTER COLLEGE
Tanay , Rizal
In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements
For the subject
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
April 2018
Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
ABSTRACT
TITLE: Percentage Distribution of Factors Influencing the Price

Fluctuation of Baked Products in Tanay
AUTHORS: Venus R. Gimalay
Sherwin B. Gondraneos
Jeevoi Marc L. Peñalosa
John Lowel D. San Diego
TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES:
TRACK and STRAND: Technical Vocational Track – Home Economics
TYPE OF DOCUMENT: Quantitative Research
NAME AND ADDRESS

OF INSTITUTION: Rizal Marine and Techno Computer College
Tanay, Rizal
ADVISER: Chellsea F. Tanjuatco

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
This study aims to know the Percentage Distribution of Factors Influencing
the Price Fluctuation of Baked Products in Tanay. The subjects of the study will
be theTwenty seven (27) Bakeries in the town proper of Tanayrepresented by the
owners / managers.
The study will use the descriptive method of research utilizing a
questionnaire-checklist as the major instrument in gathering the needed data.
The results will be collected, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with the use of
appropriate statistical treatment such as Frequencyand Percentage Distribution.

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the background and purpose of the study theoretical
framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope
and limitation the study and definition of terms.
Background and Purpose of the Study
Bread is a staple food prepared by baking a dough of flour and water. It is
popular around the world, in every household in Ireland and is one of the world’s
oldest foods.
Bread may be served in different forms at any meal of the day, eaten as a
snack and is even used as an ingredient in other culinary preparations. As a
basic food worldwide. Bread has come to take on significance beyond mere
nutrition, evolving into a fixture in religious rituals, secular cultural life and
language1
According to Republic Act No. 7581 entitled “ An Act Providing Protection
To Consumers By Stabilizing The Prices Of Basic Necessities And Prime
Commodities And By Prescribing Measures Against Undue Price Increases
During Emergency Situations And Like Occasions” SECTION 2 states that it is
the policy of the State to ensure the availability of basic necessities and price
commodities at reasonable prices at all times without denying legitimate business
a fair return on investment. It is also a declared policy of the State to provide

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
effective and sufficient protection to consumers against hoarding, profiteering and
cartels with respect to the supply, distribution, marketing and pricing of said
goods, especially during periods of calamity, emergency, widespread illegal price

2
manipulation and other similar situations.
If a drought or a flood were to destroy harvests in wheat-exporting
countries such as Australia or Russia, it would certainly drive up the price of
wheat. Yet, there is also ongoing debate about whether and how the 2007–2008
price spike might have been driven by financial speculation in commodity
markets. This is not only a media debate, but also of scientific interest as it gets
to the heart of economic theory; indeed, various research articles have tried to
analyse and explain the causes of the 2007–2008 price spike. 3
In bakery industry a number of factors affects the cost of production of
bakery products. These factors may be the quality of raw material, nature of the
product, labour cost, production process, wastage of material, cost of
preservation, transportation cost, office 152 expenses etc. All these factors may
be analyzed under the separate heads as given below:
FLUCTUATIONS IN THE PRICES OF RAW MATERIALS: Fluctuations in
the prices of raw materials play their dominant role in influencing the cost of
production of bakery products. The increasing cost of raw materials leads the
cost of production of the bakery products considerably upward. During the

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
survey; it was observed that the prices of raw materials took continuous jump
during the last decade which increased the cost of bakery products to a large
extent. It was also observed that now the prices of bakery products are going out
of the pockets of the middle and lower class people due to unchecked rise in the
prices of the raw materials. Also the bakery industry in Meerut Region is not the
exception of this phenomenon because the prices of the various bakery products
have gone up considerably during the last decade.
QUALITY OF RAW MATERIALS: The quality used for producing bakery
products affects the cost of bakery products to a large extent. Though it is
necessary that these products should be produced by standard quality of
material because these products affect the health of the people who consume
them yet the prices of raw materials are touching new heights day-by-day. If the
standard materials are used in producing bakery products, the cost of the product
will be more in comparison to the ones which produced with low quality materials.
During the survey it was noted that most of the bakers of Meerut Region have
started to use low grade of raw material for producing the various bakery
products with the point of view to reduce the production cost of bakery products.
LABOR COST: Labour is the active source of all the production activities.
Without labour none can expect to activate any business activity. 155 Labour is
the most important factor than the other elements of cost. For producing bakery
products direct and indirect labour are engaged in production process. Their
Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
costs play a significant role in influencing the total cost of production of bakery
products. 4
If the labour cost is high naturally the total costs of producing bakery
products will go up. On the other hand if labour cost remains low, also the total
cost will go downward. In the bakery industry of Meerut Region, labour cost is
beyond the control of the bakers and they have to pay the labour at the prevailing
rates. Thus the labour cost has its direct impact on the cost of production of
bakery products in the area selected for the study.
Through the E-Presyo consumers can check in the internet the Suggested
Retail Prices (SRP) of the basic and prime commodities being sold at major
markets and groceries located at different key areas in the four provinces of the
region.
“As long as our consumers have internet connections, whether using computer or
mobile phones, they can see the current prices of the basic goods and
commodities being monitored by DTI.” Atty. Rolando Lay-at, Chief of Consumer
Protection Division, DTI Regional Office said.
With the E-Presyo, consumers can now compare prices and see the
establishments that offer the lowest prices of basic goods and commodities.
Thereby, giving them choices on managing their budget wisely.

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
E-Presyo can be access through a mobile application that is already available for
download at Google Playstore for Android users. Its IOS-compatible application
will soon follow. Whilst for computer and laptop internet access, consumers may
log on to www.e-presyo.dti.gov.ph (E-Presyo).
DTI Region 1 encouraged the consumers to report any overpricing or
unscrupulous activities they might encounter. An establishment that sells
overpriced goods (increase of more than 10% of the actual SRP) may be
charged with profiteering if proven guilty.
Basic goods and commodities included in the E-Presyo monitoring are: bottled
water, canned goods (corned beef, beef and meat loaf, sardines), bread, instant
noodles, coffee and some construction materials.
Meanwhile, to ensure the efficient implementation of the program, all the
Consumer Protection Division staff from the region underwent a two-day training
on OPMS at Rosales, Pangasinan.
Regional Director Florante O. Leal said that the E-Presyo Program of the DTI
would contribute in the efficient and fast collection of data.

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
“We in DTI are here to enhance our capabilities and knowledge in performing our
jobs. The challenge is to find ways to deliver more to our clients (consumers).”
He added. 5
The grain market was studied first to find out the most significant factors
affecting a bread price. The most significant factors affecting grain prices in the
world are weather conditions (which affect crop yields), currently exchange rate
fluctuations speculations, food-grade wheat prices have increased 2.4 times,
while food – grade prices have increased 2.3 times from 2000 to 2011. Energy
prices continue to increase in the world, which also affects the growth in food
prices, including bread. A lot of manual work is used in the process of bread
production, in which might account , on average for 32% of total average cost in
bread production.
According to the literature the most significant affecting grown is weather
condition that is why the crop yields are affected and grain is one the ingredients
to make a flour .
Therefore if the crop yields are affected by weather condition it can affect
the production of flour that is why the price of bread products will change it is
either increase or decrease.

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
According to Mazkus Henn “ The price of any commodity should reflect
the levels of supply and demand. Of course, fluctuations occurs and sometimes
justifies by fundamental factors, for example a bad harvest or increased demand.
However, other external factors such as a look of information, asymmetries,
extamilities, conflict of interest and agency problems can also influence prices on
commodity markets”
The literature states that when the harvest are not good the price will
affected if the demand will increase. The fluctuations occurs when the price is
low the demand will increase and if the price is increased, the demand will
decreased.
It is parallel to the researchers study because of changing the price of
bread is the low supply of ingredients. It will affect the price of the bread product
and it makes the demand/ bread price higher.

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
Theoretical Frame Work
The law of supply and demand is an economic theory that explains
how supply and demand are related to each other and how the relationship
affects the price of goods and services. It's a fundamental economic principle that
states that when there is an oversupply of a good or service, prices fall. When
there is high demand, prices tend to rise.
There is an inverse relationship between the supply and prices of goods
and services when demand is unchanged. If there is an increase in supply for
goods and services while demand remains the same, prices tend to fall to a
lower equilibrium price and a higher quantity of goods and services. If there is a
Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
decrease in supply for goods and services while demand remains the same,
prices tend to rise to a higher equilibrium price and a lower quantity of goods and
services.6
Conceptual Frame Work

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
The study aimed to determine the percentage distribution of the factors
influencing the price of common baked products in Tanay, specially will seek
answers the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of :
1.1 Location
1.2 Monthly profit
1.3 Standard Quality
2.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of Location, Monthly profit,
number of years in business with respect to:
2.1 Labor Cost
2.2 Target Profit
2.3 Cost of Raw Materials
2.4 Quality and Nature of Raw Material
2.5 Volume of Ingredient in the product
2.6 Cost of Packaging
2.7 Standard Quality Production
2.8 Transportation Cost

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
3. What is the significant difference of percentage distribution of the factors
influencing the price of common baked products in terms of Location, monthly
profit and standard quality with respect to Labor Cost, Target Profit, Cost of Raw
Materials, Quality and Nature of Raw Material, Volume of Ingredient in the
product, Cost of Packaging, Standard Quality Production, Transportation Cost.
Scope and Limitations
This study will be conducted to determine the Percentage Distribution of
Factors Influencing the Price Fluctuation of Baked Products in Tanay.
The respondents of the study are the managers / owners of the Bakeries
in Tanay.The researchers used the sampling method in gathering, analyzing the
data in the study.

Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference on the percentage distribution of the
factors influencing the price fluctuation of baked products in Tanay in terms of
Location, Monthly profit, number of years in business with respect to labor cost,
target profit, cost of raw materials, quality and nature of raw materials, volume of
ingredients in the product, cost of packaging, standard production process,
transportation cost.
Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
Definition of terms
Distribution it is conceptually definedas the action of sharing something out
among a number of recipients.
Drought it is conceptually definedas a prolonged period of abnormally low
rainfall
Fluctuation it is conceptually definedas an irregular rising and falling in number
or amount
Hoarding it is conceptually definedas a large board in a public place, used to
display advertisements; a billboard.
Inverse it is conceptually definedasopposite or contrary in position, direction,
order, or effect.
Labor it is conceptually definedas work, especially hard physical work.
Quality it is conceptually definedas the standard of something as measured
against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence of something
Supply it is conceptually definedasmake (something needed or wanted)
available to someone; provide.
Stabilize it is conceptually definedasmake or become unlikely to give way or
overturn
Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597
Notes
1
http://patthebaker.com/home/the-importance-of-bread/
2
http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2013/ra_10623_2013.html
3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077254/
4
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/46792/10/10_chapter
%206.pdf
5
http://dti.gov.ph/dtiweb3/news/758-dti-s-e-presyo-your-gabay-when-you-buy
6
http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/033115/how-does-law-supply-and-
demand-affect-prices.asp
Tel No: 654-5243; 664-9581; 664-95-86/Telefax: 654-1597

Chapter 01 Vince

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Chapter 01 Vince

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

RIZAL MARINE AND TECHNOCOMPUTER COLLEGE, INC.

No. 11 Yujuico St., Tanay, Rizal

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PRICE

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department

RIZAL MARINE TECHNO COMPUTER COLLEGE

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements

For the subject

TITLE: Percentage Distribution of Factors Influencing the Price

AUTHORS: Venus R. Gimalay

Jeevoi Marc L. Peñalosa

John Lowel D. San Diego

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES:

TRACK and STRAND: Technical Vocational Track – Home Economics

TYPE OF DOCUMENT: Quantitative Research

NAME AND ADDRESS

ADVISER: Chellsea F. Tanjuatco

This study aims to know the Percentage Distribution of Factors Influencing

be theTwenty seven (27) Bakeries in the town proper of Tanayrepresented by the

The study will use the descriptive method of research utilizing a

questionnaire-checklist as the major instrument in gathering the needed data.

appropriate statistical treatment such as Frequencyand Percentage Distribution.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope

and limitation the study and definition of terms.

Background and Purpose of the Study

Bread is a staple food prepared by baking a dough of flour and water. It is

snack and is even used as an ingredient in other culinary preparations. As a

According to Republic Act No. 7581 entitled “ An Act Providing Protection

To Consumers By Stabilizing The Prices Of Basic Necessities And Prime

Commodities And By Prescribing Measures Against Undue Price Increases

During Emergency Situations And Like Occasions” SECTION 2 states that it is

commodities at reasonable prices at all times without denying legitimate business

a fair return on investment. It is also a declared policy of the State to provide

effective and sufficient protection to consumers against hoarding, profiteering and

goods, especially during periods of calamity, emergency, widespread illegal price

If a drought or a flood were to destroy harvests in wheat-exporting

countries such as Australia or Russia, it would certainly drive up the price of

price spike might have been driven by financial speculation in commodity

analyse and explain the causes of the 2007–2008 price spike. 3

In bakery industry a number of factors affects the cost of production of

product, labour cost, production process, wastage of material, cost of

be analyzed under the separate heads as given below:

FLUCTUATIONS IN THE PRICES OF RAW MATERIALS: Fluctuations in

cost of production of the bakery products considerably upward. During the

have gone up considerably during the last decade.

QUALITY OF RAW MATERIALS: The quality used for producing bakery

products affects the cost of bakery products to a large extent. Though it is

necessary that these products should be produced by standard quality of

bakery products in the area selected for the study.

commodities being monitored by DTI.” Atty. Rolando Lay-at, Chief of Consumer

Protection Division, DTI Regional Office said.

Thereby, giving them choices on managing their budget wisely.

download at Google Playstore for Android users. Its IOS-compatible application

log on to www.e-presyo.dti.gov.ph (E-Presyo).

DTI Region 1 encouraged the consumers to report any overpricing or

unscrupulous activities they might encounter. An establishment that sells

charged with profiteering if proven guilty.

noodles, coffee and some construction materials.

Meanwhile, to ensure the efficient implementation of the program, all the

on OPMS at Rosales, Pangasinan.

would contribute in the efficient and fast collection of data.

fluctuations speculations, food-grade wheat prices have increased 2.4 times,

According to the literature the most significant affecting grown is weather

either increase or decrease.