AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITIES II

By far the most limiting aspect of traditional approaches to understanding the most character-disturbed
individuals among us is that purely behavioral descriptions don’t capture the essence of what is
unhealthy and problematic in them.

As I mentioned in my last post, it’s unfortunate that for a long time the official diagnostic manual used
by mental health professionals only recognized one subtype of what I call the aggressive personalities,
applying the term Antisocial Personality Disorder basically to persons who consistently led lives of crime
since mid-adolescence. A relatively recent revision of the manual has de-emphasized the criminal
conduct aspect of this personality type but has failed to clearly delineate the many different subtypes,
instead suggesting that persons qualifying for the APD diagnosis may have either a varied smattering or
clustering of disturbing traits. This deficient classification system, however, still fails to recognize the
distinctly pathological traits that define at least five very different, sometimes dangerous, and always
problematic personalities.

By far the most limiting aspect of traditional approaches to understanding the most character-disturbed
individuals among us is that purely behavioral descriptions don’t capture the essence of what is
unhealthy and problematic in them. It is my assertion that their inordinate predisposition for aggression
lies at the heart of their character disturbance and not only influences every aspect of their personality
development but also creates most of the problems in their interpersonal relationships. At heart these
individuals are under-inhibited, unnecessary, and unrelenting fighters who would be entirely different
characters if they could bring themselves to concede, back down, or submit, especially when it is in their
long-term best interest to do so. When other problematic traits combine with their aggressive
predispositions (e.g., narcissistic traits) it makes for some very disturbing personality styles.

I find it helpful to categorize 5 basic aggressive personality subtypes:

The first type I call the unbridled aggressive.

These are the individuals we have typically called “antisocial” personalities because their overall
personality style causes them to frequently violate major social norms and end up running afoul of the
law. They are openly and unabashedly aggressive in their interpersonal style, relish in trying to “beat the
system,” and because they detest submission, refuse to conform their conduct despite numerous
negative consequences and sanctions. Thus, many spend much of their lives incarcerated.

The second type I label the channeled aggressive.

Individuals with this personality type frequently channel their aggressive energies into socially
sanctioned outlets such as competitive sports, military careers, etc., and tough corporate enterprise. It’s
important to note that these individuals are very different from assertive personalities in that they don’t
really imposed self-discipline out of care and concern for others. Instead, they are determined and
unscrupulous fighters who might contain their aggression for pragmatic purposes but will readily cross
socially acceptable boundaries when they feel reasonably assured they have the money, power,
influence, manipulative skill, or cleverness to get away with it.

The third type I label covert-aggressive.

Covert-aggressive personalities do their best to appear benign on the surface and to veil all their
aggressive agendas. Their use of tactics to conceal their aggressive intentions while simultaneously
getting the better of others makes them one of the most manipulative personalities. These individuals
are the primary subject of my book In Sheep’s Clothing.

Another subtype is one that I label the sadistic aggressive.

Aggressive personalities hurt people by definition. But as strange as it may seem, inflicting pain on
others is not their principal aim. Aggressive personalities simply want whatever it is they desire and
they’re willing to run roughshod over anyone else to get it. Still, causing pain is not their aim. Getting
their way is their main desire, and in the process, others often get hurt. For the Sadistic Personality,
inflicting pain and demeaning others is a primary objective. They enjoy seeing other grovel and being at
their mercy.

Lastly, I apply the label predatory aggressive to the most severely disturbed of all characters, the
psychopath (alt: sociopath).

These individuals are first and foremost characterized by their senseless, remorseless, and completely
empathy-devoid use, abuse, manipulation, and exploitation of others. They can have a superficial charm
and glibness. Some of them also lead parasitic lifestyles. But the heart of this personality style is twofold:
Being devoid of any empathy-based sense of bonding to others, having virtually no conscience, and
having such a pathological sense of superiority, 1), they feel entitled to prey on those they see as weaker
and 2) they remorselessly engage in predatory aggression. It’s important to remember also that
predatory (or, instrumental) aggression is not rooted in anger but in pure and heartless desire.

It’s very unfortunate, but many longstanding notions about why people do the things they do can put a
relatively healthy individual at an extreme disadvantage when they encounter any of the aggressive
personalities. Not really knowing who and what they are and what really makes them tick, so to speak, is
how most people end up getting victimized by them.