Infestation of maize borer against different varieties of maize

By

Jawad Ahmad 2014-UAM-25

A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirement for

the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.)

IN
AGRICULTURE (SEED SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY)

Department of Seed Science & Technology

M.N.S. University of Agriculture, Multan

 Infestation of maize borer against different varieties of maize
ABSTRACT
Maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae) is a common pest of maize.
It cause serious damage to maize crop. It cause serious damage on parts of the plant as young
leaves, ears, tassels, stem of the plant, stalk of plant and shoots are also killed by the pest known
as ‘dead hearts’. Different local varieties of maize will be screened to check the resistance
against the borer of maize stem. Different Seven local varieties of maize viz C2P-132001, FH-
948, MMRI-yellow, Pearl, Sadaf, Sahiwal-2002, YH - 1899 will be selected to check the
resistance against borer of maize stem. The replication of each variety will be repeated three time
in simple Randomized complete block design (RCBD).

INTRODUCTION

Maize (Zea mays), a standout amongst the most critical grain yields, was grown on a
territory of 941 thousand hectares with yearly yield of 1771 thousand tons in Pakistan
(Anonymous, 2005). Being third driving main crop on the planet after wheat and rice in regard of
region and creation, it is a multipurpose yield giving fuel and sustenance to individual, diet to
creatures and poultry, and feed to domesticated animals. In spite of the fact that it can be
developed effectively all through Pakistan, yet its development has been concentrated in the
K.P.K. and Punjab. These territories contribute 98 % to the aggregate yield of the nation.

The misfortune caused by borers to maize plants in the field has been assessed to be high
when no substance treatment is applied, yet such a misfortune differs with the force of attack.
Control of the borers by traditional strategies depends on planting maize at the beginning of rain.
Chosen chemical treatment at the fitting time reduces the adversity by around 20% (Warui and
Kuria, 1983). Fungus Beauveria bassiana were tried for their capacity to give assurance against
Caterpillars of the stem-borer Sesamia calamistis in maize. Organism was introduced by dressing
seeds with dry conidia, by topical use of conidial suspensions into leaf axils, and by imparting
conidia into plant stems. Caterpillars were familiarized with treated plants in the vicinity of 3 and
4 weeks after treatment, and the impact of treatment was surveyed 1 or after 2 weeks (Cherry et
al., 2004).
 In Pakistan, per hectare yield of maize has not expanded regardless of the presentation of
high yielding assortments, the significant snag in accomplishing this objective is the
assault/pervasion by pests. The mainly pest stem borer of Maize and shoot fly (Atherigona
soccata) the invasion of which eventually result in all out disappointment of fall and spring. The
Maize and Millet Research Institute, Yusuf Wala, District Sahiwal, has a long history of maize
production. Termites, maize stem borer and shoot fly have turned into a permanent nuisance at
seedling and near harvesting time, rendering either early loss of plants and yield production at
later stages.

The objectives of study will be:

1- Comparative infestation of C. partellus on seven maize varieties.

2- Seasonal population of C, partellus on these varieties

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The Kenyan maize varieties, Hybrid 511, Hybrid 622, Pwani mixture, Katumani
Composite B, and nearby population were assessed alongside the varieties of Multiple Insect-
Resistant Tropical (MIRT) pool and test assortments from The Maize and Wheat Improvement
Center (CIMMYT), Mexico for resistance to the stem borer, C.partellus. The counterfeit
invasion by original C. partellus on maize amid the early whorl arrange uncovered that the leaf
sustaining harm, the dead heart development, and the stem harm on the Kenyan half breeds and
populations were essentially more noteworthy than on the MIRT assortments. The exploratory
assortments of CIMMYT were additionally vulnerable to C. partellus. At the point when the
maize was plagued at anthesis, the Kenyan assortments showed a direct level of resistance as far
as stem burrowing and grain harm by C. partellus (Kumar, 1994).

The financial harm level of maize stem borer, C. partellus was resolved for two maize
assortments, Basi Local (helpless) and CM‐500 (safe). The yield misfortune step by step
diminished in CM‐500 and additionally in Basi Local as the product became more established,
however it was steeper in, CM‐500. A positive relationship was seen between larval thickness
and yield misfortune in 12‐ and 17‐day‐old product. With 22‐ and 27‐day‐old plants most
extreme yield misfortune was caused by 20 catterpillars/plant, rather than 24 catterpillars/plant.
Economic Injury Level (EIL) was found to increment as the harvest arrange expanded. If there
should be an occurrence of Basi Local. EIL was 1.24, 1.38, 2.56 and 3.36 catterpillars/plant for
12‐, 17‐, 22‐and 27‐day‐old product. Then again CM‐500 required 1.16, 1.17, 8.86 and 14.13
catterpillars/plant for 12‐, 17‐, 22‐ and 27‐day‐old harvest. A critical contrast in yield misfortune
in Basi Local and CM‐500 was discovered when 20 catterpillars/plant were discharged on 22‐
day‐old harvest (Sharma and Sharma, 1987).

Maize is the world most beneficial grain crop, with 816 million metric tons yield (Meihls
et al., 2012). Various types of stem borers rank as the most destroying maize bugs in Pakistan.
They can cause 20-40% misfortunes amid development and 30-90% misfortunes postharvest and
amid storage, (Amudavi et al., 2012).

Integrated pest management (IPM) approach which is monetarily and environmentally

stable, limits the harvest misfortunes without making any harm the regular biological community
is caused by the utilization of bug sprays. Truly, man has for some time been exceedingly
worried with fighting the different agricultural pests threatening plant production creation
everywhere throughout the world. In Pakistan, maize plantation are frequently subject to the
assaults of an assortment of nuisances most financially critical of which are the gathering of bugs
normally and aggregately known as "Corn Borers". These, attack plants in an ordered
progression along maize developing season which reaches out from May until September or
October. Such group of insects Incorporates three species, to be specific: Pink Stem Borer,
Purple lined Stem Bore, and the Maize stem borer. Stalk borers cause genuine misfortunes when
maize plants are especially assaulted at an early stage and in high densities, (Maddonni et al.,
2006).
Napier and Sudan grass secret a sticky substance that traps moths and averts more than
80% of the stem borer catterpillars from achieving the adulthood diminishing their population
development. The normal harm of stem borers to the Napier and Sudan grass super ceded that to
the giant Seteria because of physical isolation caused by their stem distance across, (Granados,
2000).
 MATERIAL AND METHODS

Varieties
Seven varieties of maize viz., C2P-132001, FH-948, MMRI-yellow, Pearl, Sadaf,
Sahiwal-2002, YH - 1899 will be screened against maize stem borer. The plot size will be 35x70
feet. Every assortment will be repeated three times in basic Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD). The distance between line to line and between plants will be 75cm and 23cm
respectively. The data will be collected at weekly interval up to five times by collecting dead
hearts, leaf holes, larval excreta and Larvae on randomly selected plants.

Land preparation

The land measuring about 35x70 feet will be cleared and ploughed twice with a tractor.
The land will be levelled manually. Beds will be prepared by ploughing and ranking. Total land
will be divided into 21 blocks each block of 225x225 cm size. And the path size between the
replications will be 5feet. Manual weeding control will be done to avoid weeds.

Layout information:

Time of experiment: March, 2018.

Design: RBCD (Randomized complete Block design)

Replication: Three (3)

Varieties: Seven (7)

Plot to Plot distance: 75 cm

Total Experimental Area: 35x70 feet

Plant to Plant distance: 23 cm

Row to Row Distance: 75 cm

Crop Requirement: At sowing time fertilizer will be applied at measured dose. Crop will be
irrigate at requirement. No pesticide application will be done, Because it is varietal resistant test.

Data Recording

Percentage infestation will be recorded from 8 randomly selected plants from each block
by using different visible symptoms of dead-hearts, leaf holes, larval excreta, and population of
larvae in randomised selected plants.
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