Semuel Sem Lusi

Critical Reading

“Ketika sedang MEMBACA sebuah penalaran (karya tulis:

karya ilmiah/artikel/makalah), kita melakukan banyak hal
sekaligus. Kita membaca untuk memahami pikiran penulis
berdasarkan POINT OF VIEW tertentu, siapa dia berkaitan
topik yang ditulisnya, apa yang dia hargai untuk disampaikan.
Ia menulis dengan TUJUAN tertentu: mengapa dia menulis
topik itu? Berikutnya, tentu ada PERTANYAAN atau problem
yang hendak dijawab lewat tulisannya. Penulis menggunakan
INFORMASI untuk mendukung gagasan-gagasannya, lalu
memberi INTERPRETASI dan INFERENSI (Kesimpulan)
berdasarkan informasi yang digunakannya. Penulias
menggunakan KONSEP untuk memberi pemahamannya (dan
membuat pembaca memahami pikirannya). Penulis berpikir
berdasarkan pada ASUMSI-ASUMSI yang mendasari pikiran /
gagasannya. Akhirnya, kesimpulan pembicara pasti memiliki
IMPLIKASI dan KONSEKUENSI tertentu. ”

ELEMENTS OF REASIONING
 Mengases Tulisan/karya tulis
Elemen-elemen Penalaran

Judul :
Penulis :
Sumber :

ELEMEN-1: PURPOSE --Apakah TUJUAN Penulis/Tulisan ini?

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

Apakah tujuan itu:

□ CLEAR? □ ACHIEVABLE? □ CONSISTENT? □ JUSTIFIABLE?
□ SIGNIFICANT? □ Bisakah diungkapkan dengan cara lain/ dianalogikan?)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

ELEMEN-2: QUESTIONS -- Pertanyaan Kunci yang ingin dijawab Penulis:

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

Apakah pertanyaan kunci itu:

□ CLEAR? □ PERSISI? □ RELEVAN? □ Menjawab sebuah Problem? □ Bisakah
diformulasikan dengan cara lain?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

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ELEMEN-3: INFORMATION -- INFORMASI yang digunakan Penulis:
1. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

Apakah Informasi yang digunaan itu:

□ RELEVAN? □ MEMADAI? □ AKURAT? □ SUMBER KREDIBEL? □ Hasil
Penelitian/Pengamatan sendiri?

Catatan: ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

ELEMEN-4: CONCEPTS -- KONSEP-KONSEP KUNCI / Ide-ide Pokok yang

digunakan Penulis yang perlu dipahami
1. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

Apakah Konsep-konsep /Ide-ide itu:

□ RELEVAN dengan TUJUAN? □ CLEAR? □ AKURAT/TIDAK BIAS?
□ MEMADAI?

Catatan:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

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ELEMEN-5: ASSUMPTIONS—Asumsi-asumsi yang digunakan Penulis:
1. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

Apakah Asumsi itu:

□ RELEVAN dengan TUJUAN? □ FAIRNES? □ JUSTIFIABLE? □ Menjembatani

kesimpulan dan alasannya?

Catatan: ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

ELEMEN-6: INFERENCE—Kesimpulan & Inferensi Penulis:

1. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

Apakah INFERENSI itu:

□ RELEVAN dengan TUJUAN? □ FAIRNESS? □ LOGICALNESS? □ DEEPT
□ Didukung Informasi memadai (Lihat: elemen 3)?

Catatan: ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

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ELEMEN-7: IMPLICATIONS—Apa implikasi dari Kesimpulan? Implikasi
lainnya?
1. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

3. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

Apakah Implikasi & Konsekuensi:

□ RELEVAN dengan TUJUAN? □ FAIRNESS? □ SIGNIFIKAN? □ LOGIS?
□ PRESISI? □ COMPLETENESS? □ Aplikatif?

Catatan: ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

ELEMEN-8: POINT OF VIEW-- Poin-poin inti / pandangan yang ingin

disampaikan penulis adalah:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

Apakah POV pembicara:

□ CLEAR? □ BREADTH/luas (mempertimbangkan sudut pandang lain)?
□ RELEVAN? □ FAIRNES? □ Fleksibel?

Catatan: ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

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