TOXIC AGENT CLASSIFICATION INDUSTRIAL USE

ETHANOL ALCOHOL GRAIN

METHANOL WOOD ALCOHOL

ALCOHOL

ISOPROPANOL RUBBING ALCOHOL

COMMON CONSTITUENT OF ANTIFREEZE

ETHYLENE GLYCOL
AND HYDRAULIC FLUID

CARBON MONOXIDE

AIR POLLUTANTS
SULFUR OXIDE

NITROGEN OXIDE
 OZONE

COMPONENT OF SOME INSECTICIDES AND

CYANIDE CAUSTIC AGENT
RODENTICIDES

COMPONENT OF ANT POISON,

ARSENIC
RODENTICIDES, PAINT AND METAL ALLOYS.

CADMIUM ELECTROPLATING AND GALVANIZING

COMMON CONSTITUENT OF HOUSEHOLD

LEAD
PAINT, LEAD PIPES & GASOLINE

MERCURY USED IN THERMOMETERS

CHROMIUM USED IN MANUFACTURING STAINLESS STEEL

METALS
CHROMIUM USED IN MANUFACTURING STAINLESS STEEL

METALS

USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL

COPPER
WIRES

MANGANESE

used in the electronics industry, but it is also

SELENIUM
used as a nutritional supplement

MOLYBDENUM
 TOXIC EFFECT TOXIC DOSE LETHAL DOSE

BLURRED VISION,INCOORDINATION SLURRED >400 mg/dL, >500 mg/dL

300-400 mL
SPEECH, COMA (hemodialysis)

DECREASE CONCIOUSNESS, POOR COORDINATION,

VOMITING ABDOMINAL PAIN, SPECIFIC SMELL OF > 50 mg/dL 60-250 mL
BREATH.

CNS DEPRESSION AND HYPERTENSION 250 mL

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, DEPRESSED REFLEXES,

100 grams
ANURIA, AND NECROSIS

DIMINISH AVAILABLE OXYGEN TO THE TISSUES OR

TISSUE HYPOXIA DUE TO INHIBITION OF THE 20% CO
OXYHEMOGLOBIN SATURATION

IRRITATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND

BRONCHIAL CONSTRICTION

COULD LEAD TO PULMONARY EDEMA AND

HEMORRHAGE
PULMONARY CONGESTION, EDEMA, HEMORRHAGE

CYANMETHEMOGLOBINEMIA; AT LOW DOSES:

HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, AND RESPIRATORY 150-200 ppm
DEPRESSION

INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS, HEMOGLOBINEMIA,

0.12-0.3g 0.01-0.05g
NEPHROTOXICITY AND MULTI ORGAN INVOLVEMENT

TUBULAR PROTEINURIA, GLUCOSURIA, AND

AMINOCIDURIA

URINARY AMINOLEVUNELIC ACID, FREE RBC

0.5 mg/DAY >70ug/dL (blood); >
PORPHYRIN AND PRESENCE OF BASOPHILIC 0.5g
10ug/L in children
STIPPLINGS

ORGAN DYSDFUNCTION (LUNGS, KIDNEYS, AND

CNS)

>200ug/DAY
 >200ug/DAY

nausea, vomiting, headache, disorientation,

memory loss, anxiety, and compulsive laughing or
crying. In chronic form, manganese toxicity
resembles Parkinson’s disease with akinesia,
rigidity, tremors, and masklike faces.

loss of hair and nails, skin lesions, tooth decay, and

Selenium in Serum: 95–165 µg/L
abnormalities of CNS

Molybdenum in serum: 0.1–3.0 µg/L

 ANTIDOTE OTHER USES CLINICAL LAB ASSAY

ELEVATED AST, GGT AST/ALT ratio, HDL

DIAZEPAM
and MCV

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
COMMONLY USED AS A SOLVENT
AND A CONTAMINANT OF
HOMEMADE LIQUORS

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

INHIBIT ACTION OF ALCOHOL

HPLC
DEHYDROGENASE

COOXIMETRY
 COMMON SUICIDE AGENT

GASTRIC LAVAGE OR EMESIS

FOLLOWED BY DIMERCAPROL COMMON HOMICIDEOR SUICIDE
ADMINISTRATION AND ORAL AGENT;COMMON AGENT OF HEAVY REINSCH TEST, AAS
CHELATION THERAPY; BRITISH ANTI- METAL POISONING
LEWIS

PIGMENT FOUND IN PLASTICS,

PAINTS, AND IS THE ETHODAL
AAS; (+) GGT IN URINE SAMPLE
MATERIAL OF NICKEL CADMIUM
BATTERIES

EDTA & DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID

(DMSA)

GASTRIC LAVAGE OR EMESIS

FOLLOWED BY DIMERCAPROL

MAKES RUBIED RED AND

GFAAS, NAA, or ICPMS
EMERALDS GREEN
 MAKES RUBIED RED AND
GFAAS, NAA, or ICPMS
EMERALDS GREEN

ICP-MS, GFAAS, and NAA.

used in diagnostic medicine, Selenium may be determined by AAS

anticarcinogen.

AAS.
 OTHER INFO

CONSUMPTION DURING PREGNANCY MAY LEAD TO

FETAL ALCOHOLISM; 80 mg/dL LIMIT FOR OPERATION
OF VEHICLES

FRANK BLINDNESS CAUSED BY FORMIC ACID

ACCUMULATION AND METABOLIC ACIDOSIS.

RAPID FORMATION OF CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS IN

THE RENAL TUBULES CAUSING RENAL DAMAGE.

AFFINITY TO HEMOGLOBIN IS 200-225 TIMES GREATER

THAN HEMOGLOBIN
SUPER TOXIC SUBSTANCE DEATH MAY OCCUR IN LESS
THAN ONE HOUR; INDICATION OF TOXICITY; BITTER
ALMOND BREATH.

MEES LINES ARE INDICATION OF LONG TERM CHRONIC

EXPOSURE; INDICATION OF TOXICITY GARLIC ODOR
BREATH AND METALLIC TASTE

MAY ACCCUMULATE IN THE RENAL TUBULES CAUSING

TUBULAR DAMAGE
Wilson’s disease is a genetically determined copper
accumulation disease. Its manifestations include
neurologic disorders, liver dysfunction, and Kayser-
Fleischer rings (green-brown discoloration) in the
cornea

is a silvery white metal that is very hard.