The Coyotes for Health Organization would like to express its interest in the forthcoming allocations from
the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for the reduction of smoking rates in the Lesbian, Gay, and
Bisexual (LGB) community. This letter is to inform of our intention to submit the LGB Tobacco
Prevention to the National Institutes of Health.
The Coyotes for Health Organization has more than 10 years in providing services to the residents of
Riverside County. Currently, the Coyotes for Health Organization administers several grant-funded
programs including San Bernardino LGBTQ Tobacco Project, the purpose is to reduce secondhand smoke
exposure in outdoor dining and bars in Riverside and San Bernardino Counties.
As you are aware, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified “Cigarette
smoking among LGB individuals in the U.S. is higher than among heterosexual/straight individuals.
About 1 in 5 LGB adults smoke cigarettes compared with about 1 in 6 heterosexual/straight adults”
(CDC,2016). As a nonprofit organization, we recognized our responsibility in reducing the rate at which
LGB adults smoke.
The Coyotes for Health Organization will be responsible for administering the day-to-day fiscal and
administrative oversight and accountability of the National Institutes of Health, LGB Tobacco Prevention.
It is understood that the first year of funding is reported as $1,000,000 with ongoing annual funding of
$2,000,000. Upon submission, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) form will provide detailed
information for review and evaluation by the first date of submission acceptance, June 13, 2019, or within
the noted time frame for submission.
We are currently interested in providing these LGB Tobacco Prevention services and would like to be
kept notified of any modifications or updates related to this funding opportunity.
Respectfully,
Erich Bonilla, Rochelle Granados, Juan Landeros, Dolores Mancha, Stephanie Okolo and Ana Romero
Table of Contents
Abstract…………………………………...………………………….……………………………4
Literature review
Needs/Problems…………………….……………………………………………………………..7
Working Hypothesis………………………………………………………………...………….....7
Activities………………………………………………………………………………………....10
Timeline………………………………………………………………………………………….11
Community Support……………………………………………………………………………...20
Reference………………………………………………………………………………………...25
4
Coyotes for Health: LGB Tobacco Education and Cessation Program, Riverside County
Grant Proposal
Abstract
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) adults smoke and use tobacco products at
disportionately higher rates. The prevalence of tobacco use in LGB adults is typically overlooked
due to the social stigma and discriminatory treatment that they encounter. Coyotes for Health is
requesting a grant to provide programs that decrease the rate of smoking and use of tobacco in
the LGB community and address the health disparities that are associated with smoking. Our
intent is to provide smoking cessation and intervention services that are specifically aimed to the
LGB community members ages 12 and up in Riverside County, California. Coyote for Health is
dedicated to increasing the knowledge of LGB adults in regard to the negative outcomes
associated with smoking, increasing the access and availability of smoking cessation programs,
and providing support to LGB community members. Our team is complete with highly motivated
and educated advocates that seek to promote wellness and serve as allies for LGB health.
Through this grant we aim to reduce the smoking rates of LGB individuals aged 12 and up,
increase the availability of smoking intervention and cessation programs, and decrease the
accessibility of tobacco products in Riverside County.
5
Specific Aims
Literature Review
LGB adults have been the target of advertisements by the tobacco industry since the early
90s. As early as 1992, the Wall Street Journal published an article titled “Phillip Morris to Push
Brand on Gay Media” in response to the first tobacco advertisement in a national Lesbian, Gay,
Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) magazine (Goebel, 1994). This advertisement campaign was the
first foray into branding tobacco products specifically for the LGB community. This
advertisement began to take a more aggressive tone in the early 2000s with Camel Brand
cigarettes purchasing one and two-page ads in LGB publications like The Advocate, and
Girlfriends, as well as a campaign that co-opted the Triangle symbol associated with gay pride to
promote American Spirits cigarettes (Goebel, 1994). This type of targeted advertisements have
changed throughout the years, but their purpose remains the same, to get members of the LGB
community to become smokers. Current studies show that members of the LGB community
report significantly higher rates of exposure to tobacco advertisements through social media
cigarettes and coupons for buying tobacco products (Emory, et al., 2018). These advertisements
have succeeded in making smoking a social aspect of the LGBT community, which historically
has had very few safe spaces to interact in other than bars and clubs, which are smoking venues
These advertisements have affected the rates at which LGB individuals use tobacco
products. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the smoking rate
amongst heterosexual adults in the United States is 15.3% (Jamal et al., 2016). In comparison,
LGB adults smoke at a rate of 20.5%, which is much higher than their heterosexual counterparts
6
(Jamal et al., 2016). LGB individuals who interacted with tobacco advertisements were more
likely to use tobacco products (Emory et al., 2018). Of all members of the LGB community, the
highest rates of smoking were seen within bisexual men and women (The American Lung
Association, 2014). What is more alarming is the difference in smoking rates amongst LGB
youth, ages 13-19. It is estimated that 35.4% of gay and lesbian youth smoke, and 39.6% of
bisexual youth smoke, which is stark when compared to the 18.9% of non-LGB youth who
individuals begin smoking at a young age and continue smoking into adulthood.
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States
(The American Lung Association, 2014). LGB population may also be at risk for health
conditions that are related to smoking cigarettes, such as heart disease (CDC, 2018). Gay men
are almost two times as likely to receive a cancer diagnosis as compared to heterosexual men and
were diagnosed with cancer at a much younger age (Boehmer et al., 2011). These disparities are
seen not just among gay men, bisexual women reported a higher incidence of cervical cancer,
and bisexual men reported a higher prevalence of other cancers (Boehmer et al., 2011). Overall,
the LGB community faces lower rates of cancer screenings, higher incidences of certain cancers
and higher cancer mortality rates (Cathcart-Rake, 2018). With all of these adverse health
outcomes, it is imperative that tobacco prevention efforts target the LGB community with the
same vigor.
A study analyzing the uptake rate of smoking cessation quitlines identified that people
who identified as LGB were five times less likely to access smoking cessation through a quitline
(Burns et al., 2011). They were also 20% less likely to be aware of smoking cessation quitlines
than their heterosexual counterparts, even though they were exposed to smoking cessation
7
advertisements at the same rate as their heterosexual counterparts (Fallin et al., 2015). This
disparity in access to smoking cessation quitlines points to a needed intervention that targets and
Needs/Problems
The Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) community make up a significant part of the
community of Riverside County, with the size of the community being somewhere between 3%-
10% of the general population of the county (County of Riverside Department of Public Health,
2014). In an era of ever-expanding comfort with differing sexual identities, it has become
apparent that there are health disparities in the LGB community, such as higher cervical cancer
rates among lesbians, higher rates of cancer diagnoses amongst bisexual men (Boehmer et al.,
2011), lower rates of cancer screenings, and higher cancer mortality rates (Cathcart-Rake, 2018),
these heath needs must be addressed in order to limit the negative health outcomes that can
occur.
A large portion of LGB individuals in Riverside County, it is imperative that these rates
be addressed. The causal connection between smoking and negative health outcomes has been
heavily studied over the past few decades. However, there is a lack of research that specifically
studies the health outcomes and effects of smoking in the LGB community. Addressing health
disparities among the targeted population will provide a path to improved health within the LGB
community.
Working Hypothesis
Providing targeted interventions that include outreach, education, and support services in
regards to smoking, we hope to decrease smoking rates within the LGB community, which will
The goal is to host community outreach events, youth and adult coalitions, and develop
quit kits to increase access to smoking prevention and cessation resources. The program will be
fulfilling a community need and address the health disparities that affect the quality of life of the
LGB community. Ultimately, our program will be reducing health care costs, increase longevity
and access to services that will benefit our target populations needs.
Target Population
The LGB community encompasses many backgrounds and social classes. However, this
community faces many disparities that must be addressed, especially in Riverside County, given
that there is a large LGB community presence. According to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender Health & Wellness Profile, lesbian, gay and bisexual Riverside residents estimate
about 4.2 % of the population and transgender residents estimate between 0.1-0.3% (Emory et
al., 2018). Riverside County is reported to be one of the largest LGBT communities per capita in
the nation. It was reported that gay men and lesbians in Riverside County have the highest levels
of education and income. Bisexuals report the lowest incomes and education levels(County of
Riverside Department of Public Health, 2014). The target population for our tobacco grant is
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual (LGB) in Riverside County, youth and adult ages 12 years older.
Given the large presence of the LGB community in Riverside County addressing their
needs and health disparities is a major public health issue. There are many programs and services
that are present in Riverside County to help address health needs, however, there are few that
specifically target the needs of the LGB population. Programs must be created and implemented
specifically for the LGB population because the LGB population has high rates of tobacco and
alcohol use, participation in high-risk sexual behaviors, and suicide (CDC, 2019). Specifically,
9
“gay men have high rates of HPV infection which, when coupled with tobacco use, increases
their risk for anal and other cancers”, as well as “LGBT individuals often have risk factors for
smoking that include daily stress related to prejudice and stigma that they may face.” (CDC,
2019).
According to the LGBT Health and Wellness Profile, in California, 1 in 10 lesbians and
gay men self-reported cancer diagnosis and nearly a quarter of all lesbians and bisexual women
reported having asthma(County of Riverside Department of Public Health, 2014). The program
will be focusing on tobacco in the LGB community because according to the CDC, “About 1 in 5
LGB adults smoke cigarettes compared with about 1 in 6 heterosexual/straight adults”. The rates
of “Cigarette smoking among LGB individuals in the U.S. is higher than among
heterosexual/straight individuals” (CDC, 2018). The program is hoping to not only provided
target interventions and education to reduce and prevent the smoking rates within the LGB
community but also raise awareness of the health disparities and needs of the population and to
encourage more research to be conducted within the LGB community to find more ways to better
To achieve the objectives of our LGB smoking intervention program, Coyotes for Health
Organization will utilize the methods discussed below. We believe these approaches are best
suited to address the needs of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) community of Riverside
County.
● Increase the inclusion of the LGB community into tobacco prevention activities
● Increase awareness of smoking cessation services for LGB residents in Riverside County
● Reduce the initiation of tobacco use amongst the LGB community through prevention
programs.
● Reduce the rates of tobacco product use among the LGB community
● Increase policy implementations that challenge social norms of smoking and decrease the
Activities:
● Host a Community Coalition: Host an adult and youth coalition to educate and empower
● Host smoking cessation courses geared specifically toward the LGB community
● Offer training for existing smoking cessation services providers on how to be more LGB
inclusive
● Within 6 months we will develop quit kits that include stress balls, gum, motivational
Timeline:
The LGB community is a priority population for tobacco control and prevention. There is
a lack of organizations who are working with the LGB community, specifically in the realm of
tobacco control and cessation. Most importantly not many programs are providing the
11
wraparound services that the Coyotes for Health Organization offers. In order to assess the needs
of the population, and find avenues for tailoring services to the LGB population, a community
coalition of LGB services providers, CBO’s, community members and stakeholders will take
place. This is an essential first step for assessing the needs of the community and the available
resources, as well as bringing together other agencies and community members to create an
overall vision for LGB services in Riverside County. Through these coalition strategies for
engaging the community will be identified, the self-reported needs of community members will
be identified, as well as strategies to reduce smoking rates in the LGB community. More
importantly, this engages and gives a voice to a community that is, more often than not,
marginalized and left voiceless. This will incorporate community members, stakeholders, and
other service providers into the implementation of the proposed program. Once the community,
stakeholders, CBO’s and LGB service providers are all on the same page, we can proceed with
the creation and implementation of a smoking cessation curriculum and resource referrals. The
curriculum is the fulcrum of the program. Currently, there are no smoking cessation programs
tailored directly for the LGB community, which correlates with the low usage rates of smoking
cessation programs by the LGB community. By creating a tailored program, with input from the
community, we hope to increase usage rates and create avenues for capacity building with other
smoking cessation programs. Also, the program is focused on establishing a linkage system and
toolbox where individuals of the LGB community can receive the necessary tools to cease their
smoking or reduce the smoking rates through education and prevention. The program will offer
resources and referrals for cancer screenings, smoking cessation programs, dispersal of nicotine
gum and other medical resources to help with cessation, as well as education, and any other
Addressing health disparities within the LGB community will provide a path to improved
health within the LGB community. Once a curriculum and referral system is in place, the
Coyotes for Health Organization will organize and attend health education events, ranging from
health fairs, community events, PRIDE events, and other events that include the LGB
community. These events serve as ground zero for our activities, it is here that we will foster
open dialogue, partake in health education, and recruit LGB smokers into our smoking cessation
program. At these events, clients will be provided targeted interventions, including outreach,
education, and support services on smoking cessation. Individuals identified as smokers within
the LGB community will be provided individually tailored resources to reduce their smoking,
including a referral to various smoking cessation programs, including our own which is
specifically tailored to the LGB community, as well as Quit Kits which will provide alternatives
and simple strategies to reduce smoking. This will have the desired effect of decreasing smoking
rates within the LGB community and will help improve the overall health of the LGB
community.
The smoking cessation curriculum will be implemented and will include group meetings,
individualized counseling, and a smoking cessation warm line to provide strategies for smoking
cessation and necessary referrals to other services including nicotine gum access and other
The goal is to host community outreach events, youth and adult coalitions, and develop
quit kits to increase access to resources. The program will be fulfilling a community need and
address the health disparities that affect their quality of life of the LGB community. Targeted
programs will help cater services to a population that traditionally does not participate in
smoking cessation activities. The services provided by the Coyotes for Health Organization seek
13
to address the comparatively high rates of smoking among the LGB community, as well as the
low usage rate of smoking cessation activities among the LGB community. The desired long
term results of this program would be increased access of smoking cessation services, lower rates
of tobacco uptake among LGB individuals, higher rates of smoking cessation among LGB
smokers, and ultimately lower health care costs, and longer, healthier lives for LGB individuals.
The goal of the Coyotes for Health Organization is the reduction of smoking rates among
the LGB community. In order to do this several program, activities need to be implemented.
Progress on each of these activities will be captured and analyzed quarterly in order to ensure
timely and proper implementation. Each activity will have set measures that can be used to
identify progress. Coyotes for Health Organization will conduct a program evaluation to ensure
that the program is implemented in a manner that aligns with our goals and targeted measures. In
order to reduce the rate of smoking in the LGB community, an intervention program will be
implemented in Riverside County. The program will aim to increase knowledge regarding the
enrolled in smoking cessation courses. The courses will be offered throughout the fiscal year and
require an exit survey from each participant. The target population for this program includes any
individual residing in Riverside County; that is 12 years old and above; identifies as either
Our primary methods of evaluation will be through tracking participant entry and
completion of our smoking cessation courses. We will also track the number of quit kits that are
disseminated during our outreach events. Through formative and summative evaluations, we can
gauge the effectiveness of each implemented course and outreach project to ensure that measures
14
and learning objectives are met. Additionally, it allows us to identify barriers to implementation
and adjust program procedures. Stakeholders will be included during this process to attest to
understand and distinguish the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to our program.
We will conduct a formative evaluation every quarter and a summative evaluation at the end of
the fiscal year through an annual report. The information that is gathered will be used to address
any inadequacies in our program implementation and allow us to make modifications to increase
The program manager in conjunction with staff working the community coalition will be
required to report on a quarterly basis the progress of coalition objectives, attendance, and
partnerships established. The goal is to evaluate coalition infrastructure and process, measure the
15
impact of programs and community resources, and evaluate the changes in smoking rates
Evaluation of the smoking cessation program will be conducted by our health educators
and data manager. Firstly, health educators will be required to develop a pre and post survey that
will collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The surveys will be administered at the
beginning of the smoking cessation program to establish a baseline and at the conclusion of the
program to measure changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Data collected from these
surveys will help measure if the program is helping to increase cessation amongst the LGB
individuals ages 12 and up, increase awareness of smoking cessation services, and raise
The community coalition meetings are designed to convene healthcare professionals and
community stakeholders to advocate and promote programs to achieve better health outcomes for
Measurement:
o 5 CBO’s
o 10 Service providers
Needs assessment
Measurements
o Instrument
16
o Number of participants
o Needs identified
The smoking cessation curriculum will be developed to specifically meet the needs of the
LGB community. It will address LGBT-specific barriers that affect their smoking activities and
access to resources.
Measurement:
Measurement:
o Number of participants
Development and dispersal of Quit Kits by the end of the second quarter
These quit kits will be handed out at outreach events and will encourage and support
smoking cessation. The kit includes stress balls, gum, encouraging quotes, educational materials,
Measurements:
Implement a referral system for a wide array of services for the LGB community within
The referral system will aide in closing the loop of services for LGB individuals who are
seeking smoking cessation assistance but are experiencing setbacks due to other barriers. (i.e.
Measurements
Organize a community health fair with other LGB service providers and CBO’s by second
quarter
The purpose of a community health fair is to help individuals of the LGB community
to be healthier. The fair will help to engage members of the LGB community to a conversation
Measurements
o Number of participants
o Needs identified
Attend an outreach event for the LGB community (Gay Pride, Pride Prom, White Party,
Health educators will table at local events to not only raise awareness on tobacco
prevention and offer quit kits to promote our services, but also to engage members of the LGB
community to a conversation about health issues and concerns that affect their community.
Measurements
o Number of participants
o Needs identified
The Coyotes for Health Organization has more than 10 years in providing tobacco
prevention and cessation services to the residents of Riverside County. The agency provides a
range of services that include tobacco awareness programs, advocacy and support for local
policies that decrease secondhand tobacco smoke exposure, smoking cessation programs, and
The agency oversees a 10-member staff that are under the umbrella of the CEO and CFO
of the agency. This potentially new grant will provide an additional 8 staff members to the
already established team. This 8-new members consist of (2) health educators I, (1) health
educator II, an outreach manager, whom will report to a newly hired program manager. Also
hired will be an IT specialist and a data manager. All staff will work collectively to support the
19
success of the new LGB tobacco program.This agency works collaboratively with community
programs offered.
Project Management
Position: Activity
Community Support
provided a broad set of services and referrals in order to address the disparate smoking rates seen
among the LGB community. Organizations like American Lung Association, California Health
Senior Center, PFLAG, The California Youth Advocacy Network, Desert Aids Project, Foothill
Aids Project, RUHS Public Health HIV and STD Program, Desert City Safe Schools, can work
together to support the LGB community. Partnering with different programs is important in
maintaining good relationships and bringing people together to support and advocate for the
needs of the LGB community. With collaborative efforts and grant funding, our goal is to work
with these organizations to help reduce the high smoking rates among the LGB individuals aged
12 and up. Overall, our goal is to increase the availability of smoking intervention and cessation
programs, but also encouraging the development and accessibility of programs that include LGB
needs within Riverside County. Community support is vital in maintaining relationships with the
target population. There is a high prevalence of tobacco use in LGB adults, which is typically
overlooked, therefore community support is important to make sure that this population can
receive the treatment that they need and that they can overcome the social stigma and
discrimination that they encounter. A program cannot be successful without the support from the
community.
Support
Foundations $ 150,000
Corporations $ 150,000
Revenue
*Note: Pending sources of support include those requests currently under consideration. Please
indicate anticipated decision date
PROGRAM/PROJECT EXPENSES
Item Amount %
FT/PT
Salaries and wages (break down by
individual position and indicate full- or
part-time
IT Specialist $50,000 FT
CEO $75,000 FT
CFO $70,000 FT
SUBTOTAL $520,000
Travel $50,000
Equipment $60,000
Supplies $14,400
Budget Justification
23
Category
PHA
1. Salaries Request Leverage
Health Educator I (2): $40,000 $0
This position serves as a Health Educator I and is supervised by the Health Educator II. Co-
responsible for planning, development, implementation, and completion with the community
organizing, disseminate information and education activities. Responsible for building
partnerships with community-based organizations and local agencies. Attends health fairs and
assists with community presentations. Attends coalition meetings to inform agencies about the
services offered. Puts together materials needed for health events, including educational
materials and quit kits.
The Chief Executive Officer is the face of the organization. They are responsible for making
decisions on the operation of the program. They are responsible for the vision and overall
direction of the activities done, as well as an essential role in securing grant funding, along with
other funding sources. They work with stakeholders, community leaders, CBO’s, county
officials, and politicians in guiding the program and finding alternate funding sources to ensure
the continued operation of the organization.
CFO: $70,000
The Chief Financial Officer is responsible for the financial aspects of the organization. They are
directly responsible for the budget of the organization, ensuring that money is allocated as
required and that the office space and employee positions are funded. They report to the CEO on
the financial status of the organization, budgetary issues and possible avenues for funding,
including capacity building activities.
2. Fringe Benefits $130,000 $0
Benefits were calculated to be roughly 30% of the employee salary. This covers paid time off,
health insurance, life insurance, social security, medicare taxes, workers compensation insurance,
unemployment tax and retirement benefits.
3. Consultant Fees $70,000 $0
This is estimated for the fees, consultant services and trainings will be provided as required to
staff from outside agencies.
Travel in private vehicles will be paid at the rate of .58 cents per mile. Travel includes meetings
with community partners, health fairs, presentations to community members, etc.
Estimated cost for tobacco conferences, cessation training, and flavored tobacco conference.
PHA
5. Consumable Supplies and Materials Request Match
The estimated cost will cover expenses for general office supplies, including paper, pens,
paperclips, binders, notepads, easel pads, files tablets for the surveys, envelopes and other
mailing and office materials.
Miscellaneous $4,400 $0
Miscellaneous items will include extra costs that were not accounted for and/or for additional
activities with the community coalition.
6. Services $85,600 $0
Communications $2,400 $0
Estimated cost for communications costs for all staff, including telephone, online services, fax
lines, and internet access.
Estimated cost for printing services, including printing of archival documents, education
materials, agendas, coalition meeting materials, announcements, and other mail outs.
Postage $3,000 $0
The total estimated cost of rent and utilities for a small office space for the year to house
employees.
This is the estimated cost to provide culturally competent cessation trainings for staff that fit
the needs for our targeted population.
PHA
Request Match
Equipment $60,000 $0
Estimated cost for computers and in house printing and machine maintenance.
8. Indirect
IT Support $40,000
Human Resources $30,000
References
Boehmer, U., PhD, Miao, X., MS, & Ozonoff, A., PhD. (2011). Cancer Survivorship and Sexual
Burns, E. K., Deaton, E. A., & Levinson, A. H. (2011). Rates and Reasons: Disparities in Low
Promotion,25(5_suppl). doi:10.4278/ajhp.100611-quan-183
https://www.california-demographics.com/counties_by_population
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (March 07, 2018). Smoking & Tobacco Use.
Emory, K., Buchting, F. O., Trinidad, D. R., Vera, L., & Emery, S. L. (2018). Lesbian, Gay,
Social and Traditional Media. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the Society
Fallin, A., Lee, Y. O., Bennett, K., & Goodin, A. (2015). Smoking Cessation Awareness and
Utilization Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults: An Analysis of the
2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal
doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv103
Jamal A, Phillips E, Gentzke AS, et al. Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults — United
http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6702a1External.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/lgbt.html
LGBT Health and Wellness Report(Rep.). (2014). Retrieved May 2, 2019, from Riverside
https://www.rivcoph.org/Portals/0/LGBT_Health_Wellness_2014.pdf
The American Lung Association, Smokefree Communities Project. (n.d.). The LGBT Community
A Priority Population For Tobacco Control[Press release]. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from
https://www.lung.org/assets/documents/tobacco/lgbt-issue-brief-update.pdf
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/riversidecountycalifornia