SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

UNIT 6
1. What is the significance of development?
Ans: Development is a graphical method of obtaining the area of the surfaces of a solid. In
engineering there are many objects that cannot be manufactured by conventional manufacturing
processes because of its size and shapes. Thus they are fabricated using development phenomenon
from metal sheets. Some examples may be Boiler Shells & chimneys, Pressure Vessels, Shovels, Trays,
Boxes & Cartons, Feeding Hoppers, Large Pipe sections, Body & Parts of automotives, Ships, Airplanes
and many more.
2. What are the different theories used in development of solids?
Ans: The different theories used in development of solids are as follows:
i. Parallel line Theory
ii. Radial Line Theory
3. What is the radial line theory?
Ans: Radial line theory is employed to develop the surfaces of pyramids and cones. An arc of radius
equal to the slant edge/generator is drawn and the lateral faces/ curved face are marked properly
inside the arc.
4. What is parallel line theory?
Ans: Parallel line theory is employed to develop the surfaces of prisms and cylinders. Two parallel
lines are drawn from 2 ends of the solids and the lateral faces are marked between these lines.
5. What are the differences between parallel and radial line theory?
Ans: The differences are as follows:
i. Parallel line theory is employed to develop the surfaces of prisms and cylinders whereas Radial
line theory is employed to develop the surfaces of pyramids and cones.
ii. In Parallel line theory, Two parallel lines are drawn from 2 ends of the solids and the lateral faces
are marked between these lines whereas, in Radial line theory An arc of radius equal to the slant
edge/generator is drawn and the lateral faces/ curved face are marked properly inside the arc.

UNIT 5
1. What is isometric view, isometric axes, isometric plane and isometric lines?
Ans: Isometric view: It is a pictorial 3D representation in which all the three views (Front view, Top
view and Side view) are equally viewed in their actual dimensions inclined at 120° to each other.
Isometric axes: The axis that are equally inclined at 120 ° to each other so the all the three views can
be viewed equally.
Isometric plane: The plane that is generated from the isometric axis and lines are called isometric
planes or isoplane.
Isometric lines: The lines parallel to the isometric axes is called isometric lines.
2. What is isometric scale?
Ans: Isometric scale is the ratio of the isometric length to the actual length.

3. What is isometric projection?

Ans: Isometric projection is the projection constructed using isometric scale in which the dimension
in this projection is smaller than the true dimensions.

4. What is difference between isometric view and projection?

Ans: Isometric view is a pictorial 3D representation in which all the three views (Front view, Top
view and Side view) are equally viewed in their actual dimensions inclined at 120° to each other
whereas Isometric projection is the projection constructed using isometric scale in which the
dimension in this projection is smaller than the true dimensions.
5. What is the difference between isometric view and orthographic projection?
Ans: In isometric projection only one view on a plane is drawn to represent the three dimensions of an
object. Whereas in orthographic view, 2 or 3 view are drawn to understanding the object clearly.

UNIT 4
1. What is the significance of sectioning?
Ans By using orthographic projection, it becomes difficult to visualize the internal structures of an
object thus sectioning is done to reveal the internal cross sectional shape and to reduce the hidden
lines in the view.
2. What is cutting plane?
Ans: Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts the object to reveal the internal features.
 3. What are hatched or sectioned lines?
Ans: Section lines or cross-hatch lines are those lines that indicate the surfaces that are cut by the cutting
plane. The hatched must be inclined at 45 ° with a spacing of 2-3mm between the lines. All the lines should be
uniformly spaced. Also, thin sections may be blackened in completely.
4. What are the different types of sectioning?
Ans: The different types of sectioning are:
i. Full sectioning: 50% of the material is removed
ii. Half Sectioning: 25% of the material is removed
iii. Offset sectioning: The view is made by passing the bended cutting plane completely through the part.
iv. Broken-out section
v. Revolved section (aligned section)
vi. Removed section (detailed section)

UNIT 3
1. What is orthographic projection?
Ans: Orthographic projection is a multi view projection in which two or three views of the object are
drawn at different POPs. In this projection mutually parallel projectors are drawn perpendicular to the
POPs.
2. What is 1st angle of projection?
Ans: 1st angle of projection is placed on the first quadrant in which FV is above and TV is below to
the X-Y reference. Also in this projection LHSV is drawn on the right hand side of FV and RHSV is
drawn to the left.
3. What is 3rd angle of projection?
Ans: 3rd angle of projection is placed on the third quadrant in which FV is below an TV is above to
the X-Y reference. Also in this projection LHSV is drawn on the left hand side of FV and RHSV is
drawn to the right.
4. What are the differences between 1st and 3rd angle of projection?
Ans: The difference between 1st and 3rd angle of projection are:
1st angle of projection 3rd angle of projection
1. FV above XY 1. FV is below XY
2. TV below XY 2. TV is above XY
3. LHSV is right side of FV 3. LHSV is left side of FV
4. RHSV is left side of FV 4. RHSV is right side of FV

5. What are the basic elements of projection?

Ans: There are three elements of projection: i. observer; ii. Object; iii. Plane of Projection
6. Draw the symbols of first and third angle of projection?
Ans:
 UNIT 2
1. A point A lies 30mm above the HP and 25mm in front of VP. Name the quadrant in which the point is
lying.
Ans: First angle of projection
2. A point B which is 70mm above HP and 35mm behind VP. Name the quadrant in which the point is lying.
Ans: Second angle of projection
3. A point C lies 30mm below the HP and 25mm behind VP. Name the quadrant in which the point is lying.
Ans: Third angle of projection.
4. A point D which is 70mm below HP and 35mm in front of VP. Name the quadrant in which the point is
lying.
Ans: Fourth angle of projection.
5. What are traces and its types?
Ans: The point of impression at which the straight line if produced necessary meets the HP or VP is called a
trace.
Types are:
i. Horizontal Trace: (HT): When a straight line is inclined to HP, then the point of intersection of the line
to the HP is called horizontal trace.
ii. Vertical Trace (VT): When a straight line is inclined to VP, then the point of intersection of the line to
the VP is called horizontal trace.

UNIT 1
1. What is the significance of engineering drawing?
Ans: Engineering drawing is a technical language used by engineers to communicate ideas and purpose of
objects. It is also known as the grammar of engineering. It is a technical 2D representation of 3D figures which
gives us precise information about the object to be produced.
2. What are the different types of drawing instruments used in Engineering Drawing?
Ans: The different types of drawing instruments used in Engineering Drawing are as follows:
i. Drawing sheets, clips and board.
ii. Drafter
iii. T-square
iv. Set-squares
v. Roller scale, Compasses and protractor
vi. Lead Pencils and Eraser
vii. French Curves
viii. Lettering Template
3. What are the different types of Lines used in engineering drawing?
Ans: The different types of Lines used in engineering drawing are as follows:
 i. Thin Continuous line (eg: Dimension line, Projection line, Sectioning lines,etc.)[0.13mm]
ii. Medium Continuous line(eg: Reference line in projection, visisble outline of sectioned
surface)[0.25mm]
iii. Thin long dashed dotted line(eg: Centrelines, cutting planes)
iv. Thin dashed line(hidden lines)
v. Continuous zigzag line(eg: long break lines)
4. What are the elements of dimensioning?
Ans: The elements of dimensioning are as follows:
i. Extension line
ii. Dimension line
iii. Arrowheads
iv. Dimension
5. What are the different systems of dimensioning?
Ans: There 2 different ways in dimensioning:
i. Aligned System: In this system the dimensions are placed perpendicular to the dimension lines so that
they may be read from bottom of the grid sheet.
ii. Unidirectional system: In this system the dimensions are placed in such a way that they can read from
the bottom edge of the drawing sheet.
6. Difference between Aligned and unidirectional dimensioning?
Ans: The difference between Aligned and unidirectional dimensioning are stated as follows:

7. Write the rules in dimensioning?

Ans: The rules of dimensioning are as follows:
i. Between any two extension lines there must be only one dimension.
ii. All the dimensions should be placed outside the views.
iii. All the dimensions on a drawing must be shown using either aligned or unidirectional systems.
iv. The same unit of length must be used for all the dimensions on a drawing.
v. Dimension line must not cross each other.
vi. All dimensions must be given.
vii. Each dimension should be given only once.
8. What are the different types of dimensioning?
Ans: The different types of dimensioning are:
i. Chain Dimensioning(Continuous Dimensioning)
ii. Parallel Dimensioning(Progressive Dimensioning)
iii. Combined Dimensioning

9. What are the different types scales used in engineering Drawing?

Ans: The different types of scales used in engineering Drawing are as follows:
i. Plain Scale
ii. Diagonal Scale
iii. Vernier scale
iv. Scale of chords
v. Comparative scales
10. What is Representative fraction(RF) in scales?
Ans: RF is defined as the ratio of the length of the object on the drawing to the actual length of the object.

11. What is enlarging or enlargement scale?

Ans: When smaller object are to be drawn it is often enlarged in other words when the RF˃1, this scale is
called enlarging scale.
12. What is reducing or reduction scale?
Ans: When larger objects are to be drawn it is often reduced in other words when the RF˂1, this scale is called
reducing scale.
13. What is full scale?
Ans: When the object is drawn on the sheet to its actual size, it is said to b drawn in full scale.(RF=1).
14. What is Length of scale (LOS)?
Ans: All scales are generally constructed by drawing a line representing the actual distance to be represented.
This length is called LOS.
 LOS=RF X Maximum distance to be represented.
15. What is plain scale?
Ans: Plain scale is a scale used to indicate distance in a unit and its immediate subunits.
16. What is diagonal scale?
Ans: Diagonal scale is a scale used to indicate distances in a unit and its immediate two subdivisions.
what happens in aligned dimensioning?

all the dimensions are written from the bottom

depends on the observers intensions
horizontal and inclined dimensions are read from the bottom of grid sheet and vertical dimensions are read
from the right hand side of the sheet
horizontal dimensions are place above the mid point of the dimension lineand vertical and inclined dimensions
are marked by breaking the dimension line in the middle