Unit - 7

Sequence and Series

Important Points
Sequence
Any function f : N  R is called real sequence.
Any function f : N  C is called complex sequence.
Any function f : {1,2,3, ... n}  X is a finite sequence of a set x (x   ).

A sequence is usually written as {f(n)} or {an} or {Tn} or {tn}, f(n) or an or Tn is called the nth
term of the sequence.

1 1 1
for example 1, , , ... is a sequence of whose nth term is . This sequence is usually
2 3 n

1 
written as  
n 

Series
For any sequence a1, a2, a3 .... the sequence {a1+a2+a3+ ... +an} is called a series (a i  C,  i)

A series is finite or infinite according as the number of terms added is finite or infinite
Progressions (Sequence)
Sequences whose terms follow certain patterns are called progressions
Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
A sequence a1, a2, a3, ... is said to be an arithmetic progression iff an+1 - an = non-zero constant,
for all n. Hear this constant is called the common difference of the A.P. and is usually denoted
by ' d '

A general A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ..., a + (n-1) d... and Tn = a + (n-1) d is the general term of
A.P. Hear a is the first term of A.P. and d is the common difference of A.P.
Note that d = T2 - T1 = T3 - T2 = T4 - T3 = ..........
* nth term from the end = l - (n -1) d where l = last term

264
 Sum of the first n terms of an A.P.
Sn = a + (a+d) + (a + 2d) + ....... + [ a + (n - 1) d ]

n
= [2a + (n - 1) d]
2

n
= (a+l) where  = Tn = last term
2

n = number of terms
a = first term
* Sum of nth term from the end = [ 2l + (n - 1) d ]

* If the all terms of an A.P. are increased, decreased, multiplied and divided by the same
non - zero constant, then they remain in A.P.
* In an A.P. sum of terms equidistant from the beginning and end is constant
i.e. a1 + an = a2 + an-1 = a3 + an-2 = .........
* Three consecutive numbers in A.P. can be taken as a-d, a, a+d
* Four consecutive numbers in A.P. can be taken as a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d
* 7Five consecutive numbers in A.P. can be taken as a-2d, a-d, a, a+d, a+2d
* Six consecutive numbers in A.P. can be taken as a-5d, a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d,
a+5d.
Arithmetic Means (A.M.)
If a, A, b are in A.P. then A is called by arithmetic mean.

a b
Hear A =
2

n Arithmetic Mean between a and b

A1, A2, A3, ... An are said to be n A.M.s between two numbers a and b iff a, A1, A2, ..., An, b are in
A.P. Hence A1 = a+d, A2= a + 2d ... ,An = a + nd

ba
where d =
n 1

265
 ab
* A1 + A2 + ... + An = n A where A =
2

Harmonic Progression
Non - zero numbers a1, a2, a3, ..., an ... are said to be a harmonic progression (H.P.) iff

1 1 1 1
, , ,..., ... , are in A.P..
a1 a 2 a 3 an

Harmonic mean (H)

If a, H, b are in H.P., then H is called the harmonic mean (H.M.) berween a and b

2 ab
Hear H =
a+b

n Harmonic mean between a and b

If a, H1, H2,..., Hn, b are in H.P., then H1, H2, ... Hn are called n harmonic mean between a and b
Geometric Progression (G.P.)
A sequence a1, a2, a3, ..., an , ... of non zero numbers is said to be a geometric progression (G.P.)

a2 a a a
iff = 3 = 4 =...= n+1 = a constant for all n N
a1 a2 a3 an

This constant is called the common ratio of the G.P. and it is denoted by 'r'
A general G.P. is a, ar, ar2, ... ,arn-1,...

nth term of G.P. is Tn = ar n-1

Sum of a G.P.
Sn = sum of first n terms of the G.P.
= a + ar + ar2 + ....... + arn-1

=a
 r n  1
if r > 1
r 1

266
 =a
1 rn 
if r < 1
1 r

= na if r = 1
S = a + ar + ar2 + ... up to infinity

a
= where - 1 < r < 1
1 r

Geometric Mean (G.M.)

If three positive real numbers a, G, b are in G. P. then G is called the geometric mean between a
and b

Hear G = ab G2 = ab

n Geometric Means
Positive real numbers G1, G2, G3, ..., Gn are said to be n G.M.s between two positive numbers a
and b iff a, G1, G2,..., Gn, b are in G.P.
If r is the common ration of this G.P., then

1
 b  n 1 and G1 = ar, G2 = ar2,..., Gn = arn
r  
a

n
n
Hear G1. G2. G3. .... Gn =  ab  = (ab) 2 = Gn

* If each term of a G.P. is multiplied or divided by a non - zero number, the resulting progres
sion is also a G.P.

a
* Three numbers in G.P. can be taken as , a, ar
r

a a
* Four numbers in G.P. can be taken as , , ar, ar3
r3 r

267
 a a
* Five numbers in G.P. can be taken as ,
2 r , a, ar, ar
2
r

Arithmetico Geometric Series (A.G.P.)

If P1, P2, P3, ...be an A.P. and a1, a2, a3, ... be a G.P. then p1 q1, p2 q2, p3 q3, ... is said to be an
arithmetico geometric progression. A general A.G.P. is a, (a+d) r, (a+2d)r2, (a+3d)r3,...
Sum of an A.G.P.

a 
dr 1-r n-1 
a+(n-1)d r n

Sn =   a+  n-1 d  r
n-1
 =
1-r
+
 
1-r
2
-
1-r
,  r  1

a dr
im
S = Sn = 1  r  , (- 1 < r < 1)
n (1  r ) 2

Tn = n th term of A.G.P. = {a + (n-1)d}rn-1

Series of natural numbers

n
n( n  1)
n =  r = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = 2
r 1

n
n(n  1)(2n  1)
n =2  r2 = 1 2
+ 22 + 32 + ....+ n2 =
6
r 1

n
n 2 (n  1) 2
n =3  r3 = 1 3
+ 23 + 33 + ...+ n3 =
r 1 4

* If the formula of Sn is given we can obtain the formula for the corresponding sequence
{an} by a1 = s1 and  n  2, an = sn - sn-1

* A series is an A.P. iff its nth term is a linear expression in n.

* A sequence is both an A.P. and a G.P. iff it is a constant sequence.

268
 n
* A series is an A.P. iff Sn = [2a + (n-1)d] is pure quadratic expression in n,
2
with no constant term.

*A  G  H

* In an A.P. of finitely many terms, sum of terms equidistant from the beginning
and end is constant equal to the sum of the first and last terms.
* In a G.P. of finitely many terms, the product of terms equidistant from the beginning and end
is constant equal to the sum of the first and last terms.

a1  a 2  a 3  ...  a n
* An A.M. of n real numbers a1, a2, a3, ..., an is A =
n

1
* A G.M of n real numbers a1, a2, a3, ..., an, (ai > 0, i = 1, 2, ... , n) is G  (a 1.a 2 ....a n ) n

* If a1, a2, a3, ... and b1, b2, b3, ... are in G.P.s then a1b1, a2b2, a3b3,...are in G.P. also.
* If a1, a2, a3, ..... an are in G.P. ai > 0, i = 1, 2, ...n then

a2 = a1 a 3 , a 3 = a 2 a 4 = a1 a 5 , a 4 = a 3 a 5 = a 2 a 6 =

a 1 a 7 = ... an - 1 = a n-2 a n In sort a = a r-k a r+k

r

where k = 0, 1, 2, ... n-r and k  r-1, r = 1 2, ... n-1

269
 QUESTION BANK

1. If the 1st term and common ratio of a G.P. are 1 and 2 respectively then
s1 + s3 + s5 +...+ s2n-1 = __________

1 2n 1 2n+1
(A) (2 -5n+4) (B) (2 -5n)
3 3

1 2n+1 1 2n+1 2
(C) (2 -3n-2) (D) (2 -5n )
3 3

1 3 7 15
2.     ...100 terms  _______
2 4 8 16

(A) 2100 + 99 (B) 2-100 + 99 (C) 2101  100 (D) 299  99

3. If for the triangle whose perimeter is 37 cms and length of sides are in G.P. also the length of
the smallest side is 9 cms then length of remaining two sides are ___ and __
(A) 12, 16 (B) 14, 14 (C) 10, 18 (D) 15, 13
4. Find a, b and c between 2 and 18 such that a+b+c=25, 2,a,b are in A.P. and b,c, 18 are in G.P.
(A) 5, 8, 12 (B) 4, 8, 13 (C) 3, 9, 13 (D) 5, 9, 11
5 Find out four numbers such that, first three numbers are in G.P., last three numbers are in A.P.
having common difference 6, first and last numbers are same.
(A) 8, 4, 2, 8 (B) -8, 4, -2, -8 (C) 8, -4, 2, 8 (D) -8, -4, -2, -8

a b
6. If the A.M. of two numbers a and b is equal to 10 times their G.M. then =___
ab

10 9 3
(A) (B) 3 10 (C) (D)
3 10 10

270
7. If the harmonic mean and geometric mean of two numbers a and b are 4 and 3 2 respectively
then the interval [a, b] = _______
(A) [3, 6] (B) [2, 7] (C) [4, 5] (D) [1, 8]

14
8. A.M of the three numbers which are in G.P. is If adding 1 in first and second number and
3
subtracting 1 from the third number, resulting numbers are in A.P. then the sum of the squares
of original three numbers is ______
(A) 91 (B) 80 (C) 84 (D) 88
9. If the H.M. of a and c is b, G.M. of b and d is c and A.M. of c and e is d, then the G.M. of a and e
is ______
(A) b (B) c (C) d (D) ae
10. If a, b, c are in A.P. and geometric means of ac and ab, ab and bc, ca nad cb are d, e, f respec-
tively then d2, e2, f2 are in _____
(A) A. P. (B) G. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.
11. If two arithmetic means A1, A2, two geometric means G1, G2 and two harmonic means H1, H2
are inserted between two numbers p and q then _____

G1 G 2 A1 + A 2 G1 + G 2 A1 A 2
(A) H H  H + H (B) H + H  H H
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

G1 G 2 A1 - A 2
(C) H H  H - H (D) (A1 + A2) (H1 + H2) = G1 G2 H1 H2
1 2 1 2

12.  
  21 n = _______

(A) 2n - 2 + 21-n (B) 2n - 2 + 2n-1

(C) 2n - 2 + 2-n (D) 2n - 2 + 2n+1
13 If (666 ... n times)2 + (8888 ... n times) = (4444 ... K times) then K = ______
(A) n + 1 (B) n (C) 2n (D) n2

271
14 If (m +1)th, (n +1)th and (r +1)th terms of an A.P. are in G.P. and m, n, r are in H.P. then the
common difference of the A.P. is _______

a n 2a 2a
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
n 2a n n

15. 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + 30 + ... 100 terms = ______

1020300 1030200 1003200 1023200

(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

n 1
1
16. If any terms of an A.P. is non - zero and d  0 then  a r a r+1 =______
r 1

n n-1 n+1 2n
(A) a a (B)
a1 a n
(C)
a1 a n
(D)
a1 a n
1 n

17. If S1, S2, S3, ... , Sn are the sums of infinite G.P.s. whose first terms ars 1, 2, 3, ..., n and whose
n
1 1 1 1
common ratios are , , , ... respectively, then  Si = ______
2 3 4 n+1 i 1

n (n+3) n (n+4) n (n-3) n (n+1)

(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

18. 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + ... 100 terms = _______

1010000 1000200 1015050 1051050

(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 3 3

19. 1 + 5 + 14 + 30 + ... n terms = _______

(n+2) (n+3) n (n+1) (n+5)

(A) (B)
12 12

n (n+2) (n+3) n (n+1) 2 (n+2)

(C) (D)
12 12

272
20. 4 + 18 + 48 + ... n terms = _______

n (n+1) (n+2) (3n+5) n (n+1) (n+2) (5n+3)

(A) (B)
12 12

n (n+1) (n+2) (7n+1) n (n+1) (n+2) (9n-1)

(C) (D)
12 12

21. 2 + 12 + 36 + 80 + ... n terms = ______

n (n+1) (n+2) (3n+5) n (n+1) (n+2) (3n+1)

(A) (B)
24 12

n (n+1) (n+3) (n+5) n (n+1) (n+2) (n+3)

(C) (D)
24 12

3 5 7 9
22. + + +  ... infinite terms = _______
4 36 144 400

(A) 0.8 (B) 0.9 (C) 1 (D) 0.99

13 13 +23 13 +23  33
23. + + + ... up to n terms = ______
1 2 3

n (n+1) (n+2) (5n+3) n (n+1) (n+3) (n+5)

(A) (B)
48 24

n (n+1) (n+2) (7n+1) n (n+1) (n+2) (3n+5)

(C) (D)
48 48

13 13 +23 13 +23  33
24. + + + ... 15 terms = _____
1 1+2 1+2+3

(A) 446 (B) 680 (C) 600 (D) 540

273
 1 1 1
25. + +  ...100 terms
25 58 8  11

25 1 25 25
(A) (B) (C) (D)
160 6 151 152

26. 1 + 3 + 7 + 15 + ... 10 terms = _____

(A) 2012 (B) 2046 (C) 2038 (D) 2036

1 1 1 1
27. tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1 + ... + tan -1 = ________
3 7 13 9703

  
(A) (B) (C) (D) tan -1 (0.98)
4 6 3

a n+1  b n 1
28. If n = ______ then is an A.M. of a and b
a n +b n

(A) 2(B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0

a n+1  b n 1
29. If n n is G.M. of a and b then n = ______ (a, b R+ a  b)
a +b

1
(A) 0(B) 1 (C) - (D) -2
2

a n+1  b n 1
30. If n n is H.M. of a and b then n = _______ (a, b  R+ a  b)
a +b

1
(A) 0(B) -1 (C) - (D) -2
2

 a2   a3 
31. A sequence log a, log  b  , log  2  is ______ (where a  b)
  b 

(A) G. P. (B) A. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.

274
32. If a, b, c are in A. P. and geometric means of ac and ab, ab and bc, ca and cb are d, e, f respec-
tively then e + f, f + d and d + e are in _______
(A) G. P. (B) A. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.
33. Find out three numbers which are in G. P. such that their summation is 13 and the sum of their
squares is 91

13 13 13
(A) 3, 1, 9 (B) 1, 3, 9 (C) 1, 9, 3 (D) , ,
3 3 3

34. If S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn be the sum of n terms of n A.P. s whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ..., n respec-
tively and common differences are 1, 3, 5, ... (2n-1) respectively then

n
 Sr = _______
r 1

n3 ( n  1) n 2 (n 2  1)  2
(A) (B)
2 2

n( n3  1) n 2 (n 2  1)
(C) (D)
2 2

35. 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ... to 2n terms = _____

4 4
(A) (18n + 1 + 100-n ) (B) (18n - 1 + 100-n )
81 81

4 4
(C) (18n - 1 + 10-n ) (D) (18n - 1 + 100n )
81 81

36. The 11th, 13th and 15th terms of any G.P. are in ______
(A) G. P. (B) A. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.

b+c-a c+a-b a+b-c

37. If , , are in A. P. then a, b, c are in _______
a b c

(A) G. P. (B) A. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.

275
38. If the sum of first 101 terms of an A. P. is 0 and If 1 be the first term of the A. P. then the sum
of next 100 terms is ______
(A) -101 (B) 201 (C) -201 (D) -200

1
39. If A1 and A2 be the two A. M. s between two numbers 7 and
7

then (2 A1 - A2) (2 A2 - A1) = ______

48 50
(A) 49 (B) (C) (D) 1
7 7

40. For an A. P., S100 = 3 S50 The value of S150 : S50 =_______
(A) 8(B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 10
41. If 1, A1, A2, A3, .... An, 31 are in A. P. and A 7 : An-1 = 5 : 9 then n =______
(A) 28 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 13
42. In a G. P., the last term is 1024 and the common ratio is 2. Its 20 th term from the end is
______

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 512
512 1024 256

43. The sum of the numbers 1 + 2.2 + 3. 22 + 4. 23 + ... + 50. 249 is ______
(A) 1 + 49. 249 (B) 1 + 49. 250 (C) 1 + 50. 249 (D) 1 + 50. 250
44. First term of a G. P. of 2n terms is a, and the last term is l The product of all the terms of the
G. P. is ______

n
(A)  a  2 (B) (a)n 1 (C) (a)n (D) (a)2n

45. The series 1. 1! + 2. 2! + 3. 3! + ... + n. n! = _______

(A) (n + 1)! -n (B) (n + 1)! -1 (C) n! -1 + n (D) n! +1 -n
46. If an A. P., T35 = - 50 and d = - 3 then S35 =______
(A) 35 (B) 38 (C) 32 (D) 29

276
 1 1
47. If p th term and q th term of an A. P. are and respectively, then r th term of the A. P. =
qr pr
________

1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) pq
pqr pq

48. If a set A = {3, 7, 11, ..., 407} and a set B = {2, 9, 16, ..., 709}
then n(A  B) = _______
(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 16
49. If Sn = an + bn2, for an A. P. where a and b are constants, then common difference of A. P. will
be ______
(A) 2b (B) a+b (C) 2a (D) a-b
2 2
50. If {an} is an A. P. then a12 - a22 + a32 - a42 + ... + a99  a100  ________

50 100
(A)
99
 a12  a100
2
 (B)
99
 a100
2
 a12 

50
(C)
51
 a12  a100
2
 (D) None of this

51. If the sum of the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of
their reciprocals then bc2, ca2, ab2 are in ______
(A) A. P. (B) G. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.
52. If the first, second and last terms of an A. P. are a, b and 2a respectively, the sum of the series
is _______

4a 2 2a 2  2ab 2ab  a 2 2a 2  2ab

(A) (B) (C) (D)
ba ba ba a b

277
53. Sum of products of first n natural numbers taken two at a time is _____

n(n 2  1)(3n  2) n ( n  1) 2 (3n  2)

(A) (B)
24 72

n 2 (n  1)(3n  2) n(n  1)( n  2)(3n  2)

(C) (D)
48 96

3 5 7
54.   + ... upto n terms = _____
12 12  22 12  22  32

6n2 6n 6(2n  1) 3(n 2  1)

(A) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1

1 1 1
55. The nth term of the sequence , , , ... is _______
1+ x 1-x 1- x

1+ x ( n 2  2) 1 + x ( n  1)
(A) (B)
1-x 1+ x

1+ x (n  2) 3 - x ( n  2)
(C) (D)
1-x 3 (1 - x )

(56) The sum of the series a - (a + d) + (a + 2d) - (a + 3d) + ... up to 50 terms is ______
(A) - 50d (B) 25d (C) a + 50d (D) - 25d
(57) The numbers of terms in the A. P. a,b,c,........, x is _______

x ba x  b  2a x  b  2a x  b  2a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
cb c b c b c b

(58) If the sides of a right triangle are in A. P., then the sum of the sines of the two acute angles is
______

7 8 1 6
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5

278
  x 7
(59) If log32, log3 (2 x  5) and log3  2   are in A. P. then x = ______
 2

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2 or 3

100 100
(60) If an be the nth term of a G. P. of positive numbers and  a2n =  ,  a2n-1 =  such that
n1 n1

   , then the common ratio of the G. P. is _______

   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
   

2
(61) If the numbers p, q, r are in A. P., then 2p , 2pq , 2 pr are in _______

(A) A. P. (B) G. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.

(62) If the angles A < B < C of a  ABC are in A. P. then ______
(A) c2 = a2 + b2 - ab (B) c2 = a2 + b2
(C) b2 = a2 + c2 -ac (D) a2 = b2 + c2 - bc

1 2 1 2 1 2
(63)  2  3  4  5  6 + ... up to  = ______
3 3 3 3 3 3

1 3 7 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 8 8 8

4 7 10
(64) 1    + ... up to  = ______
5 52 53

16 11 35 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
35 8 16 16

279
  y
(65) If sec (x-y), sec x and sec (x+y) are in A. P., then cos x sec   = ...........
2

( y  2n  , n  I

1 1
(A)  2 (B)  (C)  2 (D) 
2 2

1 3 7 15
(66)    + ... n terms = ______
2 4 8 16

2n  n  1
(A) n  2 n  1 (B) 2-n - n + 1 (C) (D) 2 n  n 2  1
4

1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 
(67) If , , are in A. P. , then  + -  + -  = ______
a b c a b c  b c a

4b 2 - 3 ac 4 3 4 5 4b 2 + 3 ac
(A) (B)  2 (C)  2 (D)
abc ac b ac b ab 2c

3 5 7
(68) The sum of the series   , ... up to 11 terms is ______
4 36 144

120 143 144

(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
121 144 143

(69) If the sides of a ABC are in A. P. and the greatest angle is double the smallest. The ratio of
the sides of ABC is _______
(A) 3 : 4 : 5 (B) 5 : 12 : 13 (C) 4 : 5 : 6 (D) 5 : 6 : 7

7 35 121 335
(70) 6 th term of the sequence , , , , ...is _______
3 6 12 24

2113 2112 865 2111

(A) (B) (C) (D)
96 96 48 96

280
  n 1 2  n 2  n 1
(71) If x1, x2, x3, ... xn  R - {0} such that   xi   i   (xi xi+1), then x1, x2, x3, ...., xn are
x 
 i 1  i  2  i 1
in _______
(A) A. P. (B) G. P. (C) H. P. (D) none of these

1 1 1
(72) The greatest value of n for which 1   2  ...  n  2 is _____ (nN)
2 2 2

(A) 100 (B) 10 (C) 1000 (D) none of these

(73) The coefficient of x8 in the product (x+1) (x+2) (x+3) ... (x+10) is _______
(A) 1024 (B) 1300 (C) 1320 (D) 1360
(74) The sum of 20 terms of the series 12 + 16 + 24 + 40 + ... is _______
(A) 8335 (B) 8348 (C) 8356 (D) 8363

1 1 1 x x x
(75) If , and are in A. P., then a - , b - , c - are in ____
b - c 2b - x b-a 2 2 2

(A) A. P. (B) G. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.

(76) If 1, logy x, logzy, -15 logxz are in A. P. then the common difference of this A. P. is ________
(A) 1(B) 2 (C) -2 (D) 3
(77) If the function f satisfies the relation f (x+y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y  N, Further if f(1) = 3 and
n
81 n
 f(a+r) =
2
(3  1) then a =_______
r1

(A) 4(B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3

(78) If for an A. P. {an}, a1 + a5 + a15 + a26 + a36 + a40 = 210 then s40 =_______
(A) 2100 (B) 700 (C) 1400 (D) none of these

1 1
(79) If a, 4, b are in A. P. and a, 2, b are in G. P. then , 1, are in ______
a b

(A) G. P. (B) A. P. (C) H. P. (D) A. G. P.

281
 +
(1+x+x 2 ) (1+y+y 2 )
(80) For all x, y R the value of =_____
xy

(A) < 9 (B)  9 (C) > 9 (D)  9

(81) In a G. P. the first term is a, second term is b and the last term is c, then the sum of the series
is ________

c 2 - ab b 2 - ac a 2 - bc a 2 - bc
(A) (B) (C) (D)
c-a b-c a-b a+b

1 1 1
(82) If a1, a2, ...... a10 be in A. P. , h , h ... h be in A. P. and a1 = h1 = 2, a10 = h10 = 3
1 2 10

then a4h7 = _____

1
(A) (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 2
6

1 1 1 H+a H+b
(83) If , , are in A. P. then + = ____
a H b H-a H-b

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 1

(84) In an A. P., Sm : Sn = m2 : n2 The ratio of p2 th term to q2 term is _____

2p 2 + 1 2p 2 - 1 2p - 1 p2 - 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2q 2 + 1 2q 2 - 1 2q - 1 q2 - 2

(85) Sum of numbers in the nth row of the following arrangement is _____
1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15
.........................................................
(A) n3 + (n + 1)3 - 8 (B) n3 - (n + 1)3 + 8
(C) n3 + (n - 1)3 (D) (2n - 1)3

282
 A - 2b A - 2a
(86) If A is the A. M. between a and b, then + = ______
A-a A-b

(A) -8 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) -4

a c
(87) If a, b, c are in G. P. , a, x, b are in A. P. and b, y, c are in A. P., then + = _____
x y

1
(A) 1(B) (C) 2 (D) 4
2

4 7 10
(88) Sum to infinity of the series 1 + + 2 + 3 + ... is ____
5 5 5

5 35 16 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 16 35 16

(89) If the pth term of a G. P. is x and q th term is y, then the nth term is _____

1 1
x n-p  q
p x n+q  q
p
(A)  n-q  (B)  n+p 
y  y 

1 1
 x n-q  p q  x n-q  pq
(C)  n-p  (D)  n-p 
y
  y 

(90) The nth term of an A. P. is p2 and the sum of the first n terms is s2 The first term is _

p 2 n + 2s 2 2s 2 + p 2 n ps 2 - p 2s 2s 2 - p 2 n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
n n2 n n

(91) If an A. P. a = 1, Sn : (S2n - Sn) = constant,  n N then the common difference d =_____

1
(A) 4(B) (C) 2 (D) 3
2

283
(92) I f  ,  are the roots of ax2-bx+c=o and  ,  are the roots of px2-qx+r=  and  ,  ,  , 
are in A. P. then the common difference = _____

aq - bp aq - bp bp - aq bp - aq
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8ap 4ap 4ap 8ap

(93) If  ,  are the roots of ax2-bx+c=o and  ,  are the roots of px2-qx+r=o and If  ,  ,  , 
are in G. P. then the common ratio is = _____

1 1 1 1
 ar  4  ar  8  ap  4  ar  4
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 cp   cp   cr   cp 

-1
(94) In a ABC angles A, B, C are in increasing A. P. and sin (B + 2C) = then A = _____
2

3  5 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 6 6

(95) If sum of n terms of A. P. is given by sn = (a - 2)n3 + (b - 1)n2 + (c - 3)n + d, where a, b, c are

independent of n, then the common difference d = _____
(A) b - 1 (B) 2(b - 1) (C) 2(b + 1) (D) 2(b - 3)
(96) If three positive real numbers a, b, c are in A. P. and if abc = 64 then the minimum value of b is
______
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

A C
(97) In a ABC , a, b, c are in A. P., then cot cot = ____
2 2

(A) 2 (B) -3 (C) 3 (D) -2

(98) If 2, b, c, 23 are in G. P. then (b - c)2 + (c - 2)2 + (23 - b)2 =_____
(A) 625 (B) 525 (C) 441 (D) 442

284
 Hints
1. Hear a = 1, r = 2, for G. P
1  23  11  25 
 s1 + s3 + s5 + ..... S2n – 1 = 1 + 1   .....n terms
1 2 1 2
= 1  1  2 3  1   2 5  1  ... n term

=  2  23  25  ...n term   1  1  1  ...n terms 

 22n  1
= 2 2
n  r = 22
2 1
1  2n 1
= 2  3n  2 
3

1 3 7 15
(2) Required sum =     ...100 terms
2 4 8 16
 1  1  1
=  1     1     1    ...100 term
 2  4  8
1 1 1 
= 1  1  1  ...100 terms       ...100 terms 
2 4 8 

  1 100 
1    
1   2 
= 100 –
2 1
1
2
100
1
= 100 – 1 +   = 2100  99
 2

285
(3) As the
length of sides of a triangle in G.P.
Let they are 9, 9r and 9r2 (r > 1)
Now perimeter = 9 + 9r + 9r2 = 37
 9r2 + 9r – 28 = 0  (3r + 7) (3r – 4) = 0
7 4 7
 r= or r = but r > 0, r = –
3 3 3
4
is rejected.  r=
3
 Hence the sides of the triangle are 9, 12, 16
 The lengths of the other two sides are 12 and 16

(4) Using the given conditions we get a + b + c = 25......... (1)

2 a = 2 + b .......... (2) and
c2 = 18 b .......... (3)
2b
by (1) & (2) we get  b  c  25  3b + 2c = 48 .......(4)
2
 c2 
by (3) & (4) we get 3    2c  48  c2 + 12c – 288 = 0
 18 
 (c – 12) (c + 24) = 0
 c = 12 or c = –24 but c can not be – ve
 c = 12  144 = 18b  b = 8 and a = 25 – 8 – 12 = 5
 a = 5, b = 8, c = 12

(5) Let the four numbers are a + 6, a – 6, a, a + 6

 (a – 6)2 = (a + 6) a  a=2
 required four numbers are 8, –4, 2, 8

(6) since AM. = 10 (G.M.)

ab
  10 ab
2

2 2 2 a 2 b2
  a  b   40 ab  a  b  38 ab   19
2ab
2
a 2  b 2  2ab 18 ab 9 ab 3
       
a 2  b 2  2ab 20  a  b  10 ab 10

286
(7) Hear H = 4 and G = 3 2
2ab
  4 and ab  G 2  18
ab
 2(18) = 4 (a + b)
 a+b=9
 a = 3, b = 6
 [a, b] = [3, 6]
(8) Let the three numbers in G.P. be a, ar, ar2
14
since A.M. 
3

a  ar  ar 2 14
 
3 3
 2
a + ar + ar = 14 .........(1)
2
also a + 1, ar + 1, ar – 1 in A.P.
 a + 1 + ar2 – 1 = 2(ar + 1)
 a + ar2 = 2ar + 2
 ar2 – 2ar + a = 2 .........(2)
Now (1) (2)

1  r  r2 14
  7
r 2  2r  1 2
 2r2 – 5r + 2 = 0
1
 r = 2 or r =
2
If r = 2 then (1)  a = 2
Hence the required number are 2, 4, 8
 a2 + (ar)2 + (ar2)2 = 4 + 16 + 64 = 84
2ac ce
(9) Hear b = , c2  bd and d
ac 2

 2ac   c  e 
c2     
 ac  2 
 c a  c   a c  e 
 ac + c2 = ac + ae
 c2 = ae
 G.M. of a and e = c
287
(10) Since d is G.M. between ac and ab  d2 = ac . ab = a2bc
similarly e2 = ab2c and f 2 = abc2
Now a, b, c in A.P
 a2bc, ab2c, abc2 in A.P.  d2 , e2 f 2 are in A.P.
(11) Hear p, A1, A2, q are in A.P.  A1 + A2 = p + q
and p, G1, G2, q are in G.P. G1 G2 = pq
1 1 1 1
also p, H1, H2, q are in H.P.    
H1 p q H 2

1 1 1 1
 H   
1 H 2 p q

2 H H
1 1 qp 2 A A
 H H  pq  G G
1 2 1 2

GG
1 2 1 A A
2
 H H  H H
1 2 1 2


(12)   21 n  =  1 
1 1 1
   ...n terms
2 4 8 
 1 
=  2 1  n 
 2 

 1 
= 2  1   n 
 2 

1 1 1 1 
= 2n  2     ...  n 
2 4 8 2 

 1 1 1 
= 2n   1    ...  n  1 
 2 4 2 

 1 
1  n 
 2 
= 2n  1
1
2

 1  1 n
= 2n  2 1  n   2n  2  2
 2 
288
(13) (6 + 60 + 600 + ... n terms)2 + (8 + 80 + 800 + ... n term)
= 36(1 + 10 + 100 + ... n terms)2 + 8(1 + 10 + 100 + ... n terms)
2
 10n  1   10n  1 
= 36    8  
 10  1   10  1 

 10 2n  2 10 n  1   10n  1 
= 36  8 
 99   9 

4  2n 4
= 10  2 10 n  1  2 10n  2   102n  1
9 9

 102n  1 
= 4   4(1 + 10 + 100 + ... 2n terms)
 10  1 
= 4 + 40 + 400 + ... 2n terms
= 444 ... 2n times = 444 ... k times
 k = 2n
(14) Hear for an A.P. {Tn}, Tm + 1, Tn + 1 and Tr + 1 are in G.P.
 Tn21  Tm 1  Tr 1

  a  nd 2   a  md   a  rd 

  2n  m  r  a   mr  n 2  d .... (1)  d 0

also m, n, r are in H.P.
2mr
 n
mr

nm  r
 mr 
2
 
Now (1)   2n  m  r  a   n m  r  n 2  d  n  m  r  2n  d
 2  2

n
 a d
2
2a
 d
n

289
(15) 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + ... up to 100 terms

= 12  1   22  2   32  3   ... up to 100 terms

=  n 2  n n 100   n  n  1  n  2  
 3  n 100

100  101  102 1030200

= 
3 3
n 1 1 1 n 1 d 1 n 1 a r 1  a r
(16)     
r 1 a r a r 1 d r 1 a r a r 1 d r 1 a r a r 1

1 n 1  1 1 
=   
d r 1  a r a r 1 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
=      ......  
d  a1 a 2 a 2 a 3 a n 1 a n 

1 1 1  1  a n  a1  1   n  1 d  n  1
=     
d  a1 a n  d  a1 a n  d  a1 a n  a1a n

n n a 1 2 3 n
 si       ... 
(17) i 1 i 1 1 r 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 3 4 n 1
= 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + (n + 1)
 
=
n
 4   n  11  n n  3
2 2
(18) Sn  1  3  7  13  ...  a n
Sn = 1 + 3 + 7 + ... + an – 1 + an
– – – – – –
0 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + ... + (an – an – 1) – an
n 1
 a n  1   2  4  6  ...  n  1  = 1   4   n  2 2
2
= 1   n  1  n 
= n2  n  1

 Sn    n 2  n  1
290
 n  n2  2
=
3

 10000  2  1000200
 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + ... 100 terms = 100  
 3  3
(19) 1 + 5 + 14 + 30 + ... n terms

= 12   22  12   12  22  32   ... n terms

2
n  n  1  2n  1 n  n  1  n  2 
=   n   
2

6 12
(20) 4 + 18 + 48 + 100 + ... n terms
n  n  1  n  2   3n  5 
 n  n  1    n 3  2n 2  n  
2
=
12
(21) 2 + 12 + 36 + 80 + ... n terms
=  n 2  n  1

=  n3   n2

n  n  1  n  2   3n  1
=
12
3 5 7 9
(22)     ... 
4 36 144 400

3 5 7 9
= 2
 2
 2
  ...
1  2   2  3 3  4   4  5 2

2 2  12 32  2 2 4 2  32
=    ...
12  2 2 2 2  32 32  4 2

1 1   1 1   1 1 
=  2  2  2  2  2  2   ... 
1 2  2 3  3 4 

291
  n3  2
n 2  n  1
(23) Required sum =   
 n  4n

1  3
=  n  2n 2  n 
4

n  n  1  n  2   3n  5 
=
48
2
13  23  33  ...  n 3 n 3  n  n  n  1
(24) a n     n 
1  2  3  ...  n n n 2

n  n  1 1 
a n    n n  1  n  2 
2 6

1 
Required sum   a n n 15 =  n  n  1  n  2  
6  n 15

1
=  15  16  17  5  8  17
6
= 680

1 1  3n  2    3n  1
a 
(25) n   
3n  1  3n  2  3  3n  1  3n  2 

1 1 1 
 
3  3n  1 3n  2 


1  1 1 
a n    
3  3n  1 3n  2 

1  1 1   1 1   1 1 
          ...    
3  2 5   5 8   3n  1 3n  2  

1 1 1  n
    
3  2 3n  2  2  3n  2 

 n  100 25
 Required sum =     
 2 3n  2  n 100 2  302  151

292
(26) S10  1  3  7  15  ...10 terms

=  21  1   22  1   2 3  1  ...10 terms

=  2  2 2  23  ...10 terms   10

 210  1
=2  10  211  2  10  2048  12
2 1
= 2036

1 1 2 1
(27) tan  tan 1  tan 1 2  tan 11
3 1  2.1
1 3 2
tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 3  tan 1 2
7 1  3.2
1 99  98
tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 99  tan 1 98
9703 1  99.98

 Required sum = tan 1 2  tan 1 1  tan 1 3  tan 1 2  ...  tan 1 99  tan 1 98

1 1
= tan 99  tan 1

1 99  1 98
= tan  tan 1  tan 1  0.98 
1  99.1 100

a n 1  b n 1
(28) Hear A.M. of a and b =
a n  bn

a  b a n 1  b n 1
 
2 a n  bn
 a n 1  a  b n  ba n  b n 1  2a n 1  2b n 1
 ab n  ba n  a n 1  b n 1
 ab n  b n 1  a n 1  ba n
 bn  a  b   a n  a  b 
 bn = an
 n=0

293
 a n 1  b n 1
(29) Hear G.M. of a and b =
a n  bn
2
 a n 1  b n 1 
  n   ab
 a  bn 

 ab  a 2n  b2n  2a n bn 
n 1
 a 2n  2  b2n  2  2  ab 

 a 2n  2  b 2n  2  2a n 1b n 1  a 2n 1. b  b 2n 1. a  2a n 1 b n 1

 a 2n 1  a  b   b 2n 1  a  b 

 a 2n 1  b 2n 1
1
 2n  1  0  n   a  b
2

a n 1  b n 1
(30) Hear H.M. of a and b =
a n  bn

2ab a n 1  b n 1
 
ab a n  bn

 2a n 1b  2ab n 1  a n  2  ab n 1  ba n 1  b n  2

 ab n 1  a n 1b  a n  2  b n  2

 b n 1  a  b   a n 1  a  b 

 bn 1  a n 1
 n = –1

 an   a n 1 
(31) Hear Tn  log  b n 1  , Tn 1  log  n 
   b 

 a n 1   an 
 Tn 1  Tn  log  n   log  n 1 
 b  b 

 a n 1 b n 1  a
 log  n  n   log  0
 b a  b

 Tn  is an A.P..
294
(32) Since G.M. of ac and ab = d  d2 = a2bc
similarly c2 = ab2c and f 2 = abc2
Now a, b, c are in A.P.
 a2bc, ab2c, abc2 are in A.P.
 d2, e2, f 2 are in A.P.
 d2 + de + ef + df, e2 + de + ef + df, f 2 + de + ef + df are in A.P.
 (d + e) (d + f), (e + d) (e + f), (f + d) (f + e) are in A.P.
1 1 1
 , , are in A.P..
ef df de
 e + f, f + d, d + e are in H.P.
a
(33) Let required three number are , a, ar
r
a
Now  a  ar  13 .........(1)
r

a2
2
 a 2  a 2 r 2  91 .........(2)
r
2
a 
   a  ar   169
r 
2
 a2 2 2 2  a2 2 2 
  2  a  a r   2   a  a r   169
r   r 

a 
 91  2a   a  ar   169
r 
 2a(13) = 78  26a = 78  a=3
From
3
(1)   3  3r  13
r

 3r 2  3r  13r  3  0

 3r 2  10r  3  0

  r  3  3r  1  0

295
 1
 r=3 or r=
3
If a = 3, r = 3 required three numbers are 1, 3, 9
1
If a = 3, r = required three numbers are 9, 3, 1
3
 Answer is (B) 1, 3, 9
n
(34) Hear S1   2   n  1 , S2  n  4   n  1 3...Sn  n 2n   n  1  2n  1
2 2 2
n n n  n  1
  Sr  2  4  6  ...  2n   1  3  5  ...   2n  1
r 1 2 2

n n  n  1 n 1  2n  1
=  2 n 
2 2 2

n  n  1 n  n  1 2 n 2  2  n 2  n 2  1
= n  n  n  1  n  n  
2 2 2 2
(35) 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ... up to 2n terms
= 4 [0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ... up to 2n terms]
4
= [0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ... up to 2n terms]
9
4
= [(1 – 0.1) + (1 – 0.01) + (1 – 0.001) + ... up to 2n terms]
9

=
4
 2n  0.1
1   0.12n  
9 1  0.1 

4 1 1 
= 2n   1 

9 9  100n  

4  n
= 18n  1  100 
81

296
(36) For Geometric sequence,

Tn  ar10 , T13  ar12 , T15  ar14

Hence, T11  T15  ar10  ar14

2
  ar12 
2
  T13 

 T11, T13 , T15 are in Geometric progression.

bca ca b a bc

(37) , , are in arithmetic sequence
a b c
bca ca b abc
  2,  2,  2 are in A.P..
a b c

bca ca b a bc

 , , are in A.P..
a b c
1 1 1
 , , are in A.P..
a b c
 a, b, c are in H.P.
(38) Hear a = 1, S101  0

101
  2  100 d   0
2
1
 d
50
 sum of next 100 terms = S201  S101  S201  0  S201

201     1 
=  2 1  200    
2   50  

201
=  2  4    201
2

297
 1
(39) Hear 7, A1, A2, are in A.P..
7
1
 A1 – 7 = A2 – A1 = – A2
7
1
 2A1 – A2 = 7 and 2A2 – A1 =
7
1
 (2A1 – A2) (2A2 – A1) = 7  1
7
(40) For an A.P. S100 = 3 S50
100 50
  2a  99d   3   2a  49d 
2 2
 2a = 51d .........(1)

150
S150 51d  149d  3 200d 
 2  6
 S50 50 100d
51d  49d 
2

b  a 31  1 30
(41) Hear d    .........(1)
n 1 n 1 n 1
A7 5
Also, A 
n 1 9

1  7d 5
   d = 2 .........(2)
31  2d 9
30
From (1) and (2) 2
n 1
 n + 1 = 15  n = 14
l l l
(42) If the G.P. is a, ar, ar2, ....... , l then l, , 2 ..... ar2, ar, a is also G.P. with first term = 1024 and
r r r
1 1
common ratio of this G.P. is 
r 2
20 1 19
1 1 1
 Required term = l    1024   
r 2 512
298
(43) Let S = 1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 + ...... + 50.249 ........ (1)
 2 + 2.22 + 3.23 + 4.24 + ... + 50.250 ........ (2)
(2) – (1)  S = –1 – (1.2 + 1.22 + 1.23 + ... 49 terms) + 50.250

 249  1
= –1 –2  50.250   1  250  2  50.250
2 1
= 1 + 49.250
l
(44) If r be the common ratio, then the product of first 2n terms = P = a(ar) (ar2) ...... , l ......(1)
r
l l 
and also P = l    2  .......  ar  a ....... (2)
rr 
(1) (2)  P2 = (a) (a) (a) ......... up to 2n factors = (a)2n
 P = (a)n
(45) For taking n = 1, 1 1! = 1
(A) (n + 1)! – n = 2! – 1 = 1
(B) (n + 1)! – n = 2! – 1 = 1
(C) n! – 1 + n = 1 – 1 + 1 = 1
(D) n! + 1 – n = 1 + 1 – 1 = 1
All possibilities are true, for n = 1
(A) (n + 1)! – n = 3! – 2 = 4  5  n  2
(B) (n + 1)! – 1 = 3! – 1 = 5
(C) n! – 1 + n = 2 – 1 + 2 = 3
(D) n! + 1 – n = 2 + 1 – 2 = 1
Answer (B)
Second Method :
Required sum = nn!
=   n  1  1 n!
=   n  1! n!
=   n  1! n!

=  n  1!  n!   n  1!  ....  3!  2!  1!  n!   n  1!  .....  3!  2!  1!

=  n  1!  1

299
(46) Hear n = 35, d = –3  = –50
  = a + (n – 1) d = a + 34 (–3)
 –50 + 102 = a
 a = 52
35 35
Now S35 = 2  52   34  3  104  102   35
2 2
1 1
(47) Hear a + (p – 1)d = and a   q  1 d 
qr pr

1
 a=d=
pqr

1  1 1
 a + (r – 1) d =  r  1 
pqr pqr pq

(48) Hear A  4k  1/ 1  k  102, k  N and

B  7k  5/ 1  k  102, k  N
If x A B then for  n, m  N, 4n  1  7m  5

4n  4
 m m, n = 1, 2, ... 102
7
 n = 6, 13, 21, ... 98
 n (A B) = 14
(49) C.D. = T2  T1   T1  T2   2T1  S2  2S1

  2a  4b   2  a  b 
= 2b
(50) Required sum =  d  a1  a 2   d  a 3  a 4   ...  d  a 99  a 100 

=  d  a1  a 2  a 3  ...  a100 

100 a  a 
= d a1  a100   1 100
2  a1  a100 


50d a12  a1002 
50 2

a1  a100 2 
= 
a1   a1  99d  99

300
 1 1
(51) If the roots are  then  = 
2 2

    2  2
  =
  2

b2 c
2
2
b
  a 2 a  ab 2  bc 2  2a 2c
a c
a2
 bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.
(52) Hear d = b – a and  = 3a = a + (n – 1) d
ab
 n=
ba

n 1 ab
 Sn   a       a  3a 
2 2  ba 

2a  a  b  2a 2  2ab
= 
ba ba
(53) S = 12 + 13 + 14 + ... + 1n + 23 + 24 + ... + 2n + 34 + ...+(n – 1)n
Also (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2 + 2S

 n 2  n 2 n  n 2  1  3n  2 
 S 
2 24
2n  1 6
(54) Tn  2

n n  n  1

1 1 1   1  6n
Sn  Tn  6   6     6 1  
n  n  1  n n 1  n 1 n 1
(55) The given sequence is
1 1 1
, , , .......
1 x 1 x 1 x

1 x 1 1 x x 1 x
i.e. , , ...... which is an A.P. with C.D. d  and T1  a 
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x

301
 1 x  x
Hence Tn  a   n  1 d   n  1
1 x 1 x

1  x  n  2

1 x
(56) a – (a + d) + (a + 2d) – (a + 3d) + ... + up to 50 terms
= (–d) + (–d) + (–d) + ... up to 25 terms
= - 25d

(58) L et the si des be a – d, a, a + d, d > 0 then (a + d) 2 = a2 + (a – d)2

 a = 4d
Hence the three sides are 3d, 4d, 5d
4d 3d
 sinA + sinC = 
5d 5d
7
=
5

 x 7
(59) Hear 2 log3 (2x – 5) = log32 + log3  2  
 2

  2x  5 2  2  2x  7 
 2

 t2 – 12t + 32 = 0  2x  t
 t = 4, 8  x = 2, 3 but x = 2 ia not possible
 x=3
(60) Let the G.P. is a, ar, ar2... then
 = a2 + a4 + a6 + ... + a200 = ar + ar3 + ar5 + ... + ar199
= ar (1 + r2 + r4 + ... + r198) .... (1)
and  = a(1 + r2 + r4 + ... + r198) ... (2)


(1) (2)  r 


302
(61) As p, q, r are in A.P.
 2q = p + r

  2p 2q   2p p r
2
 22pq  2p , 2pr

  2pq 2  2p2. 2pr

2
 2p , 2 pa , 2pr are in G.P..
(62) As A, B, C are in A.P.
 2B = A + C = 180° – B
 B = 60°

c2  a 2  b2
 cos B 
2ac

1 c2  a 2  b2
   b 2  a 2  c 2  ac
2 2ac
1 2 1 2
(63)  2  3  4  ... up to 
3 3 3 3

1 1   1 1 
=  3  3  ...up to    2  2  4  ... up to  
 3  3 3 

1 1
2 
3  q  3 2  5
= 1 1 8 8 8
1 1
9 9

4 7 10
(64) Let S  1     .......  .........(1)
5 52 53

1 1 4 7
 S   2  3  ........  .........(2)
5 5 5 5

3
4 3 3 3  7
5
(1) – (2)  S  1    2  3  ...   1  
5 5 5 5  1 4
1
5
303
 7 5 35
 S  
4 4 16
(65) Since sec(x – y), secx, sec(x + y) are in A.P.

2 cos  x  y   cos  x  y 
 
cos x cos  x  y  cos  x  y 

 2(cos2 x  sin 2 y)  cos x  2cos x cos y 

 cos 2 x 1  cos y   sin 2 y

 y
 cos 2 x  2cos 2   as cos y 1
2

y
 cosx sec     2
2

1 1 1 1 1 2
(67) As , , are in A.P. ,   
a b c a c b

 1 1 1   1 1 1   1  1 1   1  1 1 
Hance,                     
 a b c   b c a   b  a c   b  a c 
2 2
1 1 1
=     
b a c

1 1 1  2 4 

= 2     
b  a c  ac 
2
12 4 4 3
= 2      2
b b ac ac b

3   n  1 2 2n  1  n  12  n 2 1 1
(68) an =    
n  n  12 n 2  n  1
2
n 2  n  1
2
n2  n  12

11 1 1   1 1   1 1 
 S11   a i   2  2   2  2   ...   2  2 
i 1 1 2  2 3   11 12 

1 143
1 
144 144

304
(69) Let the side be a – d, a, a + d, a, d > 0 and let the smallest angle be A, then greatest angle is
2A and the third angle will be 180° – 3A
ad a ad
  
sin A sin 180  3A  sin 2A

a ad
 3 – 4 sin2A  and 2 cos A 
ad ad
 a = 5d, a – d = 4d, a + d = 6d
 a–d:a:a+d=4:5:6
1 1 1
(70) The given sequence is 2  , 6  , 10  , .......
3 6 12
1 2111
Hence the 6th term is 22  
96 96

 n 2 n 2  n 2
(71) By using the identily   a i    bi     a i bi  
 i 1   i1   i1 

 a1b 2  a 2 b1 2   a1b3  a 3b1 2  ...   a m 1bm  a m bm 1 2

2
 n 1 2   n 2   n 1 
  x i    x i      x i x i 1    0
 i 1   i2   i 1 

  x1x3  x 2  x 2 2   x 2 x 4  x3  x 3 2  ...   x n  2 x n  x n 1x n 1 2  0

 x1 x3 = x22, x2 x4 = x32 ... xn – 2 xn = x2n – 1
x 2 x3 x3 x 4 x x
  ,  , ... n 1  n
x1 x 2 x 2 x3 x n  2 x n 1
 x1, x2, x3 ...xn–1, xn are in G.P.
1 1 1
(72) 1   2  ...  n
2 2 2

  1 n 1 
11    
2 
 
1
1
2

305
  1 
 2  1  n 1 
 2 

1
 2 2 n
2n
so (D) is correct
q
(73) Coef f i ci ent of x 8 = 1  2 = 1  3 + ... + 9 10 =  r  r  1
r 1

1
 1  2  3  ...  n   1  2  3  ...  n   n 10
2 2 2 2 2 

2

 n  n  1  n  1  3n  2  
   1320
 24 n 10

1 1 1
(75) Since , and are in A.P..
b  c 2b  x ba
2 1 1
  
2b  x b  c b  a
ax cx
 ac    b 2  bx
2 2

x x x2 x2
 ac  a c   b 2  bx 
2 2 4 4
2
 x x  x
 a   c    b  
 2 2  2

x x x
 a  , b  , c  are in G.P..
2 2 2
(76) Let d be the common difference of this A.P. then log y x  1  d, log z y  1  2d and

1  3d
log x z 
15

log x log y log z  1  3d 

    1  d  1  2d   
log y log z log x  15 
 1  d  1  2d  1  3d    15

306
  6d3  11d 2  6d  16  0
 d = –2
(77) Since f  x  y   f  x  f  y   x, y  N
 f(n) = f(1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1) = f(1) . f(1) . f(1) ...f(1) n factors
= 3n  nN  f(1) = 3

n n
a r a 3  3n  1 81  n 
Hence  f  a  r    3  3   3 1
r 1 r 1 3 1 2

 3a 1  81  a=3

(78) Hear a1  a 5  a15  a 26  a 36  a 40  210

  a1  a 40    a5  a 36    a 15  a 26   210
 3  a1  a 40   210
 a1 + a40 = 70
40
 S40 =  a1  a 40   20    
2
ab
(79) Hear  4 and ab  2
2
 a + b = 8 and ab = 4
1 1
  2
b a

1 1
 1 1
 a b 1  A.M. of and is 1
2 a b

1 1
 , 1, are in A.P..
a b
1
(80) We know that a   2 for all a > 0
a

1  x  x 2  1  y  y2   1  1 
Now   x   1  y   1   2  1  2  1  9
xy  x  y 

307
 b
(81) Hear r  ,   c  ar n 1
a

 ar n  cr

b
a  c 
a 1  r n  a  ar n
a  cr  a  a 2  bc
Sn     
 1 r 1 r 1 r b ab
1
a

1 1
(82) Let a n 1  a n  d and   D , h = 1, 2, .......9
h n 1 hn

1
Now a10  3  a1  9d  3  9d  3  2  1  d
9
7
 a4 
3
1 1
Again h  h  9D
10 1

1 1 1
 9D   
3 2 6
1
 D
54

1 1 1  1  7 18
   6D   6      h7 
h 7 h1 2  54  18 7

7 
Hence a 4 h 7   6
3 
2 1 1
(83) Hear  
H a b
2 ba
 
H ab
H ab
 
2 ab

308
 H 2b
 
a ab
H  a a  3b
  ......... (1)
Ha ba

H  b 3a  b  3a  b 
similarly    .........(2)
Hb a b  ba 

H  a H  b 2b  2a
(1) + (2)    2
Ha Hb ba

m
Sm m 2 2a   m  1 d 
 2 2 m2
(84) Hear   2
Sn n n
2a   n  1 d  n
2

 n 1 
a  d
 2  m
  n 1  n
a  d
 2 

m 1 n 1
Let  p 2  1 and  q2 1
2 2

 m  2p 2  1 and n  2q 2  1

a   p 2  1 d 2p 2  1
 
a   q 2  1 d 2q 2  1

p 2 th term 2p 2  1
 
q 2 th term 2q 2  1

309
(85) Hear n th row is an A.P. of 2n – 1 terms with common difference. = 1 and last term = n2
=l
n
Hence, the required sum =  2   n  1 d 
2
2n  1
=  2n 2   2n  1  1 1
2
= (2n – 1) (n2 – n + 1) = n3 + (n – 1)3

ab
 2b A  2a b  3a
A  2b 2 a  3b 
(86) Hear   and
Aa ab b  a Ab ab
a
2

A  2b A  2a a  3b b  3a
Hence     4
A a Ab ba ab

a dr
(88) S  
1  r 1  r 2

1
3 
1 5
  2
1   1 
1
5 1   5  
 

5 15 35
  
4 16 16

(89) Hear ar p 1  x, ar q 1  y

1
x  x  pq
  r p q  r 
y  y

np 1
x n  p  pq
 x  p q
Now t n  ar n 1  ar p 1  r n  p  x     x   np 
y 
 y  

310
 1 1
 x p q  x n p  p q  x n q  p q
  n p    n  p 
 y  y 

n
(90) Gi ven that t n = p2 and Sn = s2   a  p2   s2
2

2s 2
2
 ap 
n

2s2 2 2s 2  p 2 n
 a p 
n n

S1 S2
(91) Hear 
S2  S1 S4  S2

 S1S 4  S2 2

4  2
 a   2a  3d     a  a  d 
2 
 2ad = d2  d = 2a = 2(1) = 2  d=2

(92) Let  = a – 3d,  = a – d,  = a + d,  = a + 3d

b
    = 2a – 4d = ......... (1)
a
q
= 2a + 4d = ......... (2)
p
q b aq  bp
(2)  (1)  8d   
p a ap

aq  bp
 Common Difference = 2d = 4ap

a a
(93) Let  and  are , , ar1, ar13 respectively
r13 r1

311
 a2 c
Now    .........(1) and
r14 a

r
  a 2 r14  ......... (2)
p
1
r a 8  cr  4
(2)  (1)  r   1
2
 common ratio  r1   
p c  cp 
(94) Since A, B, C are in A.P. A + C = 2B
  – B = 2B

 B=
3
1 7
Now sin  B  2C     sin
2 6
7
 B  2C 
6
7   5
 2C   
6 3 6
5
 C=
12

   
 A     B  C      
 3 12 
9 3 
  
23 4 4
n
(95) as Sn  2a   n  1 d  is pure quadratic with no constant term
2
 a = 2, d = 0
 Sn = (b – 1)n2 + (c – 3)n
Now tn = Sn – Sn–1 = (b–1)n2 + (c – 3)n – (b – 1) (n – 1)2 – (c – 3) (n – 1)
= (b – 1) (2n – 1) + (c – 3)
 d = tn – tn – 1 = (b – 1) (2n – 1) + (c – 3) – [(b – 1) (2n – 3) + c – 3]
= (b – 1) (2n – 1 – 2n + 3)

312
 = (b – 1)2
= 2(b – 1)
(96) since A > G.

a  b  c  1
  abc 3
3

3b   1
  64 3  a + c = 2b
3
 b>4
 minimum value of b is 4
(97) Hear 2b = a + c
 4R sin B = 2R (sinA + sinC)
B B AC AC
 4sin cos  2 sin cos
2 2 2 2

A+ C
 2 cos  
 A  C  cos  A +2 C   
 cos  
 2   2  cos  A 2 C  



cos 2   2     cot A cot C  
A + C + cos A  C

cos  A 2+ C   cos  A 2 C  1 2 2

(98) Let r be the common ratio of the G.P. 2, b, c, 23

b = 2r, c = 2r2, 23 = 2r3
(b + c)2 + (c – 2)2 + (23 – b)2 = (2r – 2r2)2 + (2r2 - 2)2 + (23 – 2r)2
= 4(r – r2)2 + 4 (r2 – 1)2 + (23 – 2r)2
= 4[r2 + r4 – 2r3 + r4 + 1 – 2r2] + 529 – 92r + 4r2
= 8r4 - 8r3 – 4r2 + 4 + 529 – 92r + 4r2
= 8r4 – 4r3 – 92r + 533

= 8r  232   8 232   92r  533

= 92r – 92 – 92r + 533 = 441

313
 Answers
1-C 2-B 3-A 4-A 5-C 6-D 7-A 8-C 9-C 10-A
11-A 12-A 13-C 14-D 15-B 16-B 17-A 18-B 19-D 20-A
21-B 22-C 23-D 24-B 25-C 26-D 27-D 28-D 29-C 30-B
31-B 32-C 33-B 34-D 35-B 36-A 37-C 38-C 39-D 40-C
41-B 42-A 43-B 44-C 45-B 46-A 47-C 48-B 49-A 50-A
51-A 52-B 53-A 54-B 55-C 56-D 57-B 58-A 59-B 60-A
61-B 62-C 63-D 64-C 65-A 66-A 67-B 68-B 69-C 70-D
71-B 72-D 73-C 74-B 75-B 76-C 77-D 78-C 79-B 80-D
81-C 82-B 83-A 84-B 85-C 86-D 87-C 88-B 89-C 90-D
91-C 92-B 93-A 94-B 95-B 96-C 97-C 98-C

314