Electrical Networking Short Circuit Calculation Discrimination PDF

Lionel Ng, LPBS - Low Voltage Products
Welcome To ABB
Technical Sharing Session
© ABB Group
September 24, 2013 | Slide 1
MV & LV Transformer Substations
Theory & Short Circuit Calculation
© ABB Group
Contents
 General information on MV/LV transformer substations

 Calculation of short-circuit currents
 Choice of protection and control devices
 Example of study of a MV/LV network
General Information
MV/LV Transformer Substations
 The electrical substations can be divided into

 public substations
 belong to the electricity utility
 supply private users in AC single-phase or three-phase current
(230V and 400V)
 urban type in bricks
 rural type installed externally directly on the MV pylon
 private substations
 belong to the user
 civil users (schools, hospitals, etc.) and industrial users
 are mostly located in the same rooms of the factory
General Information
 Typical structure of a substation
where the switching apparatus of
the utility is installed.
where the measuring units

are located
contains the transformer and

the MV and LV switching
apparatus
General Information
 Most common management methods
Substation with a single transformer

General Information
It is possible to use the

Emax with a wire interlock
(mechanical interlock)
between two CBs
Substation with two transformers

(one as a spare for the other)
General Information
two transformers which operate

in parallel on the same busbar
General Information
It is possible to use the

Emax with a wire interlock
(mechanical interlock)
between three CBs
two transformers which operate simultaneously on

two separate half-busbars
General Information
 MV/LV transformers
 is the most important part of the transformer substation
 single transformer for low powers (up to 630kVA - 800kVA)
 several units in parallel for higher powers (1000kVA - 2500kVA)
 type of cooling system
 air
 oil
 most used
 AN cooling with natural air circulation
 ONAN cooling with natural oil and air circulation types
General Information
ONAN transformer containing more than 500 kg of oil (> 800kVA)

General Information
 one single trafo or two trafos in parallel?
750M 750M
U VA U VA
1600kVA
800kVA 800kVA
6%
4% 4%
400V 400V
37 kA 55kA
General Information
 Management philosophy for the protections

 L1 trip
 ensured service continuity
General Information

 ILV1 and CLV trip
 power supply is maintained to the half-busbar
trip
trip
General Information
 IMV1 and ILV1 trip to isolate the trafo affected by the fault
 ensured service continuity
 a logic for the disconnection of non-priority loads should be
foreseen
General Information
 IMV1 trip, ILV1 trip for pulling
 service continuity of the whole plant
 a logic for the disconnection of non-priority loads should be
foreseen
General Information
 LV protection devices
L function protection against

overload
General Information
S function protection against

delayed short-circuit
General Information
I function protection
against instantaneous
short-circuit
General Information
G function protection
against earth-fault
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
 IEC 60909-0 (CEI 11-25)

 Short-circuit:
 “Accidental or intentional conductive path between two or more
conductive parts forcing the electric potential differences between
these conductive parts to be equal or close to zero”
 Short-circuit current:
 “Overcurrent resulting from a short-circuit in an electric system”
 Main components involved in a short-circuit calculation

 Distribution networks
 Generators
 Transformers
 Asynchronous motors
 Cables
 Each component of the network is replaced by its
relevant impedance
U
Zknet ZcMV ZTR ZcLV

 The equivalent network is solved according to standard

electrotechnical rules (circuits in series / in parallel)
Zkne ZcM ZT ZcLV
t V R
Un
Ik
Un
Ik 
3  Z knet  Z cMV  Z TR  Z cLV 
 Distribution network
 it is necessary to know the network short-circuit power
 from 250MVA to 500MVA Un  30kV
 from 700MVA to 1500MVA Un > 30kV
 according to IEC 60076-5
Un2 Un
Z knet  
Sknet 3  Iknet
 Generators
 it is necessary to know
 rated apparent power Sn
 rated voltage Un
 subtransient reactance x”d
 from 10% to 20% smooth rotor (isotropic machines)
 from 15% to 30% salient pole rotor (anisotropic machines)
" 2
x U
X "d  d  n
100 Sn
 Transformer
 it is necessary to know
 rated apparent power Sn
 primary rated voltage voltage U1n
 secondary rated voltage U2n
 short-circuit voltage uk% from 4% to 8%
 according to IEC 60076-5
uk % U22n
Z TR  
100 Sn
 Asynchronous motors
 In case of short-circuit it functions as a
generator with a x”d from 20% to 25%
 a current equal to 4-6 times the In can be
assumed as contribution to the short-circuit
 the minimum criteria for taking into
consideration the phenomenon
 (Ik shortcircuit without motor contribution)

 Example
Sk = 500 MVA U
UMV= 20 kV
ZcMV = 0.01 
Sn = 400 kVA
U= 20/0.4 kV
uk% = 4 %
ZcLV = 0.06 
 Example
U Sk = 500
MVA
UMV= 20 kV Zu = 0.32
m
Z u20kV 
U2

20  103 2
 0.8
Sk 500  106 
Z u400V  Z u20kV 
400
2
 3.2  104 
200002
 Example
U
Zu = 0.32 m
Z cMV 400V  Z cMV 20kV 

400
2
 4  106  ZcMV = 0.01 

200002 ZcMV = 410-3 m
 Example
U
Zu = 0.32 m
ZT 
2
uk % UnLV

4

400  0.016
2
100 Sn 100 400  103 ZcMV = 410-3 m
Sn = 400 kVA
U= 20/0.4 kV ZT = 0.016 
uk% = 4 %
 Example U
Zu = 0.32 m
ZcMV = 410-3 m
ZT = 16 m
ZcLV = 0.61 m
ZcLV = 0.61
m
 Example U Sk = 500
MVA Zu = 0.32 m
UMV= 20 kV
ZcMV = 410-3 m
ZT = 16 m
Un
Ik   14.1kA
3  Z u  Z cMV  Z T 
Un ZcLV = 0.61 m
Ik   13.6kA
3  Z u  Z cMV  Z T  Z cLV 
Un = 400 V
MV & LV Transformer Substations
General Information about Circuit
Breakers
© ABB Group
IEC Standard Definition of Circuit Breakers
Definitions
 Circuit-breaker: a mechanical switching device capable of making,
carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and
also making, carrying for a specified time, and breaking currents
under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of
overload or short-circuit (IEC 60947-1 def. 2.2.11)
Definitions
 Moulded case CB: a circuit-breaker having a supporting
housing of moulding insulating material forming an
integral part of the circuit-breaker (Isomax / Tmax /
Formula)
 Air CB: a circuit-breaker in which the contacts open and
close in air at atmospheric pressure (Emax)
Definitions
 Current-limiting circuit-breaker: a circuit-breaker with a
break-time short enough to prevent the short-circuit
current reaching its peak value (IEC 60947-2 def. 2.3)
Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers
I
Prospective
peak value
Limited
peak
value
t
Prospective short-
Specific let-through circuit current
Limited short-circuit
energy (I2t)
current
Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers Ip
Icc
Prospecti
ve peak
I2t
Limited value
peak
value
Prospective short-
t
Specific let-through circuit current
energy Limited short-
circuit current
Icc
go
Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers
Curva di limitazione
Ip
1E5kA
T2L160 In160 A
1E4kA 40 kA
1E3kA
Prospective
peak value
84 kA
100kA
16 kA
10kA
1kA Limited peak

value
1E-2kA 0.1kA 1kA 10kA
Irms 40 kA
Selection of Protective Devices
 Generalities about the main electrical parameters
 Rated operational voltage Ue: the value of voltage which

determines the application and to which all the other
parameters are referred to
 Rated uninterrupted current Iu: the value of current which the

device is able to carry for an indefinite time. It defines the size
of the CB
 Rated current In: the value of current which characterizes the

protection release installed. Is often related to the rated
current of the load protected

 Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu: it is the
r.m.s. value of the symmetrical component of the short-circuit
current which the circuit-breaker is able to break (test cycle O-
t-CO)
 Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity Ics: it is the r.m.s.
value of the symmetrical component of the shortcircuit current
which the circuit-breaker is able to break (O-t-CO-t-CO)
T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320
Icu
Ultimate Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity (Icu):

breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions
according to a specified test sequence do not include
the capability of the CB to carry its rated current
continuously
- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO

- dielectric withstand at 2 x Ue
- verification of overload release at 2.5 x I1
Service Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity (ICS):
breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions
according to a specified test sequence include the
capability of the CB to carry its rated current continuously
- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO - 3 min – CO

(25%-50%-75%-100% of Icu)
- operational performance capability: (5% of N°operating cycle

for operational performance capability- table 8 60947-2)
- dielectric withstand at 2 x Ue
- verification of temperature rise at Iu (the temperature doesn‟t
exceed the limits of table 7 60947-2)
- verification of overload release at 1.45 x I1
 Rated short-circuit making capacity Icm: it is the maximum
prospective peak current which the circuit-breaker must be
able to make
 Icm=n x Icu
T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320
Icu 36kA Icm 75.6 kA @415V

 Rated short-time withstand current Icw: it is the r.m.s. value of

the alternate current component which the circuit-breaker is
able to withstand without damages for a determined time,
preferred values being 1s and 3 s
 Defined for category B only


 Don‟t forget
 Ue  Un
 Icu or Ics  Ik
 Icm  Ip
Ue, Icu, Ics, Icm?

 Protection of feeders
 against overload In
 Ib ≤ In or I1 ≤ Iz
 against short-circuit Iz S
 I2t ≤ k2S2
Ib
 Protection of generators
 Ingen ≤ I1
 I3 or I2 ≤ 2.5-4 x Ingen
G
 Protection of transformers
 InT ≤ I1
 Upstream CB
 I3 or I2  Iinrush
Example of an MV/LV Network
20kV
 Steps
 determining the short-circuit
currents
 choosing the CB
 setting of the MV overcurrent
protection …
 setting of the LV overcurrent
protection …
400V
20kV
400V
20kV
400V
Low voltage selectivity
with ABB circuit breakers
Selectivity definitions and Standards
© ABB Group
Agenda
Low voltage selectivity with ABB circuit breakers
 Definitions and Standards

 Selectivity techniques
 Back-up protection
Introduction
What is selectivity?
A is the supply side circuit
Selectivity (or discrimination) breaker (or upstream)
is a type of coordination of two or

more protective devices in series.
Selectivity is done between

one circuit breaker on the supply side
and one circuit breaker, or more than
one, on the load side.
B and C are the load side circuit

breakers (or downstream)
Introduction
Protection system philosophy
 Reduce the stress and prevent damage
 Minimize the area and the duration of
power loss
DAMAGE REDUCTION FAULT CONTINUITY OF SERVICE
 Better selectivity  Fast fault elimination

Main purposes of coordination
Selectivity purpose
Selective coordination among devices
is fundamental for economical and technical reasons
It is studied in order to:
 rapidly identify the area involved in the problem;
 bound the effects of a fault by excluding just the affected zone of the
network;
 preserve the continuity of service and good power quality to the sound
parts of the network;
 provide a quick and precise identification of the fault to the personnel in
charge of maintenance or to management system, in order to restore
the service as rapidly as possible;
 achieve a valid compromise between reliability, simplicity and cost
effectiveness.
Standards definition
Selectivity
The definition of selectivity
IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

Part 1: General rules for low voltage equipment” def. 2.5.23
“Trip selectivity (for overcurrent) is a coordination between the

operating characteristics of two or more overcurrent protection
devices, so that, when an overcurrent within established limits
occurs, the device destined to operate within those limits trips
whereas the others do not trip”
Overcurrent selectivity
Example
In occurrence of a fault
(an overload or a short circuit)
if selectivity is provided
only the downstream circuit

breaker opens.
Overcurrent selectivity
Example
In occurrence of a fault
(an overload or a short circuit)
if selectivity is not provided
both the upstream and the

downstream circuit breakers
could open
All the system is out of service!

Partial and total selectivity
IEC 60947-2
def. 2.17.2 - 2.17.3
A and B connected in series:
partial selectivity and total selectivity.

Partial selectivity
“Partial selectivity is an overcurrent selectivity where, in the
presence of two protection devices against overcurrent in series,
the load side protection device carries out the protection up to a
given level of overcurrent, without making the other device trip.”
B opens only according to fault current

lower than a certain current value;
Is is the ultimate
values equal or greater than Is
selectivity
value!
will give the trip of both A and B.
Is = ImA
Total selectivity
“Total selectivity is an overcurrent selectivity where, in the
presence of two protection devices against overcurrent in series,
the load side protection device carries out the protection without
making the other device trip.”
Only B trips for every current value

lower or equal to the maximum
B A short-circuit current.
Is = Ik
Partial and total selectivity
Upstream circuit breaker A
T4N 250 PR221DS In = 250 (Icu = 36kA)
Downstream circuit breaker B
S 294 C100 (Icu = 15kA)
Selectivity analysis
Time-current curves
 Overload zone
Thermal protection
L protection
Time-current selectivity
 Short-circuit zone
Magnetic protection
S, D, I and EF protections
Current, time, energy, zone,

directional, zone directional selectivity
Selectivity analysis
Real currents
Real currents circulating through the circuit breakers
A I> A I> A I> I>
B I> B I> I> I> B I> I> I>
IA = IB IA = IB + Iloads IA = (IB + Iloads) / 2
tA tA
tB tA
tB
tB
IA=IB IB IA IA IB
Agenda

© ABB Group, BU Breakers and Switches

Introduction
Selectivity techniques
 Current selectivity
 Time selectivity
 Energy selectivity
 Zone (logical) selectivity

Current selectivity
Base concept
 Current selectivity: closer to the power supply
the fault point is, higher the fault current is
3kA
 In order to guarantee selectivity,
the protections must be set to different
values of current thresholds
1kA
tA  The ultimate selectivity value
tA is equal to the instantaneous trip threshold
B A of the upstream protection device
Ultimate
selectivity
value
tB  Other methods are needed to have a total
selectivity
ImB ImA
Current selectivity
Example
Circuit breaker A will be set to a value which does not

trip for faults which occur on the load side of B.
(I3Amin >1kA)
Circuit breaker B will be set to trip for faults which

occur on its load side (I3Bmax < 1kA)
104s
103s Is Is = I3Amin
102s A
10s
Here the selectivity is a total selectivity,
1s
10-1s
B because it is guaranteed up to the maximum
10-2s
value of the short-circuit current, 1kA.
0.1kA 1kA 3kA 10kA
Current selectivity
Plus and minus
Plus
Easy to be realized
Economic
Instantaneous
CURRENT SELECTIVITY
Minus
Selectivity is often only partial
Current thresholds rise very quickly
Time selectivity
Base concept
 Time selectivity is based on a trip delay of the upstream
circuit breaker, so to let to the downstream protection the
time suitable to trip
 Setting strategy:
progressively increase the
B A
trip delays getting closer to
the power supply source
 On the supply side

the S function is required
Time selectivity
Example
A will be set with the current threshold I2
adjusted so as not to create trip overlapping
and with a trip time t2 adjusted so that
B always clears the fault before A
B will be set with an instantaneous trip

against short-circuit
I
k
104s
Is The ultimate selectivity value is:
103s
102s
I2 Is = IcwA (if function I = OFF)
B
10s
1s
Is = I3minA (if function I = ON)
t2
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA 1kA 10kA 100kA
Time selectivity
Example
Which is the problem of time selectivity?
In the case of fault occurring at the busbars,

circuit breaker A takes a delayed trip time t2
I
k
104s
The network must withstand high values of
103s
let-through energy!
102s
10s
B
If there are many hierarchical levels, the
1s
t2
progressive delays could be significant!
10-1s
10-2s
0.1kA 1kA 10kA 100kA
Time selectivity
Plus and minus
Plus
Economic solution
Easy to be realized
TIME SELECTIVITY
Minus
Quick rise of setting levels
High values of let-through energy
Energy selectivity
Base concept
 Energy selectivity is based on the current-

limiting characteristics of some circuit breakers
104s
103s
A
102s
10s
1s
B
10-1s
10-2s
Current-limiting circuit breaker

0.1kA 1kA 10kA
has an extremely fast trip time,
 The ultimate current short enough to prevent the
selectivity values current from reaching its peak
is given by the
manufacturer
(Coordination tables)
Energy selectivity
Example
104s
103s Is = 20kA
A
102s
B
Circuit breaker A conditions:
10s
I3=OFF
1s
10-1s
S as for time selectivity
10-2s
0.1kA 1kA 10kA
Energy selectivity
Plus and minus
PLUS
High selectivity values
Reduced tripping times
Low stress and network disturbance
ENERGY SELECTIVITY
MINUS
Increasing of circuit breakers size
Zone selectivity
Base concept
 Zone selectivity is an evolution of the time
selectivity, obtained by means of a electrical
interlock between devices
locking
signal
 The circuit breaker which detects a fault

communicates this to the one on the supply side,
sending a locking signal
 Only the downstream circuit breaker opens,

Fault
with no need to increase the intentional time
delay
Zone selectivity
Example
Zone 1
A
A Does Not Open
B Does Not Open
Zone 2
B C Opens
Zone 3
C
Zone selectivity
Specifications
Zone selectivity needs:
 a shielded twisted pair cable
Zone 1
 an external source of 24V
 dedicated trip units
Zone 2
 PR223EF for Tmax T4, T5 and T6
 PR332/P for Tmax T7 and T8
 PR122/P and PR123/P for Emax
Zone 3
 PR332/P and PR333/P for X1
 Is up to 100kA for Tmax

 Is up to Icw for Emax
 It is possible to obtain zone selectivity between Tmax and Emax
Zone selectivity
Plus and minus
PLUS
Trip times reduced
Low thermal and dynamic stress
High number of hierarchical levels
Can be made between same size circuit breakers
ZONE SELECTIVITY
MINUS
Cost and complexity of the installation
Additional wiring and components
Agenda


Back-up protection
What is back-up protection?
Back-up protection (or cascading)
is a type of coordination of two protective

devices in series which is done in electrical
installations where continuous operation is
not an essential requirement.
Back-up protection
excludes the use
of selectivity!!!
Back-up protection
The definition of back-up is given by the
IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

Part 1: General rules for low voltage equipment” def. 2.5.24
“Back-up is a coordination of two overcurrent protective

devices in series, where the protective device on the supply
side, with or without the assistance of the other protective
device, trips first in order to prevents any excessive stress on
downstream devices”.
Back-up protection
Base concept
 Back-up is used by those who need

to contain the plant costs
 The use of a current-limiting circuit

breaker on the supply side
permits the installation of lower performance
circuit breakers on the load side
 Both the continuity of service and the selectivity are sacrificed

Back-up protection
Application example
T4L 250
Ik = 100 kA
Icu (T4L+T1N) = 100kA
T4L 250 T4L 250 T4L 250 Icu = 120kA
T1N 160 T1N 160 T1N 160 Icu = 36kA

Back-up protection tables
Back-up protection
Application example
T4L 250
Icu (T4L+T1N) = 100kA

B C D
Ik = 100kA Ik = 100kA General power supply

T1N 160 T1N 160 T1N 160 is always lost
Back-up protection
Plus and minus
Plus
Economic solution
Quick tripping times
BACK-UP PROTECTION
Minus
No selectivity
Low power quality
Example of Selectivity
~
T5H 630A 70kA
Incoming = T5H 630A (70kA
rating) Outgoing = T3N 160A
(36kA rating)
Results: The co-ordination T3N 160A 36kA
resulted in a conditional short-
circuit of 65kA for the T3 mccb!
Iz
The discrimination is up to 20kA.
65kA
Discrimination
Back-Up
Meaning of Selectivity Value
T5H 70kA
T5H 70kA
T3N 36kA
T3N 36kA
Fault level at Y is 20kA

Y is 20kA
T5H 70kA
T5H
T3N 20kA
T3N 36kA
T5H T3N T5H 70kA
5kA fault ON Trip
T3N 36kA
5kA
T5H T3N T5H 70kA
5kA fault ON Trip

10kA fault ON Trip
T3N 36kA
10kA
T5H T3N T5H 70kA
5kA fault ON Trip

10kA fault ON Trip
20kA fault Trip Trip
T3N 36kA
20kA
T5H T3N T5H 70kA
5kA fault ON Trip

10kA fault ON Trip
20kA fault Trip Trip T3N 36kA
36kA fault Trip Trip 36kA
T5H T3N T5H 70kA
5kA fault ON Trip

10kA fault ON Trip
20kA fault Trip Trip T3N 36kA
65kA
Selection of Protective & Control Devices
 Motor co-ordination
 ABB offers co-ordination tables
Selection of Protective & Control Devices
 Co-ordination between CBs and switch-disconnectors
400V
T2S160
T1D160
DOC
Electrical Installation Calculation and
Dimensioning
© ABB Group
Contents
Introduction
 Aim of the application
 Target users
 Products managed
How it works
 Features
 Support Tools
 ABB Software Desktop
 Assistance
 How to obtain the software
DOC
Introduction
© ABB Group
Aim of the application
 DOC is the software for Electrical Installations Calculation

and Dimensioning
Introduction
Target users  Draw single-line diagrams
Product managed
How it works  Perform electrical calculation according to the

Features
Standards
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
 Choose the correct switching and protecting devices
How to obtain the
software
(MV and lv devices)
 Set the trip units and check for discrimination
 Prepare a complete project documentation
Target user
 DOC is complete and precise, but smart and flexible and

can be used from everyone interested in calculating
Introduction
Aim of the application electrical installation or part of them
Target users
Product managed
 Consultants
How it works
Features
 Electrical Engineers
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
 Panel builders
How to obtain the
software  Installers
Product managed
 DOC allows and the selection of a wide range of ABB

Products
Introduction
Target users  Medium Voltage products
Product managed
How it works  Low Voltage products

Features
Support Tools
 Motors
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
 Transformers
software
Product managed
 Low Voltage Products

Introduction  Air Circuit- Breakers
Target users  New Emax
Product managed
How it works  Emax

Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Target users  Tmax
Product managed
How it works  Isomax

Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Miniature Circuit Breakers
Target users  System PRO M
Product managed
How it works  System PRO M Compact

Features
 S800
Support Tools
ASD  Smissline
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  RCCBs
Target users  System PRO M
Product managed
How it works  System PRO M Compact

Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Fuses
Target users  OFAX
Product managed
How it works  OFASB

Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Switch Fuses
Target users  E930
Product managed
How it works  OESA

Features
 OS
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Disconnectors
Target users  New Emax MS
Product managed
How it works  Emax MS

Features
 Tmax D
Support Tools
ASD  Isomax D
Assistance
How to obtain the  OT
software
 OETL
 E200
Product managed

Introduction  Contactors
Target users  A
Product managed
How it works  AF
Features
 EN
Support Tools
ASD  ESB
Assistance
How to obtain the  E250
software
 E259
 E260
Product managed

Introduction  Manual Motor Starter
Target users  MS116, MS325, MS450, MS495, MS496
Product managed
How it works  MO325, MO450, MO495, MO496 , MO497

Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Thermal Overload
Target users  TAxxDU, ExxDU
Product managed
How it works  UMC-22

Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed
 Medium Voltage Products

Introduction  Circuit breaker
Target users  Secondary distribution SF6 and Vacuum up to 24kV 630A 16kA
Product managed
How it works  Primary distribution SF6 and Vacuum up to 36kV 3150A 50kA
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed

Introduction  Circuit breaker
Target users
Product managed
 REF542Plus/DK
How it works  PR521/DK

Features
 PR521/P (50-51)
Support Tools
ASD  PR521/P (50-51-51N)
Assistance
How to obtain the  REF542Plus
software
 REF610
 REJ525
 PR512/P (50-51)
 PR512/P (50-51-50N-51N)
 PR512/PD
Product managed

Introduction  Disconnectors
Target users  SHS2/A
Product managed
How it works  SHS2/I

Features
 SHS2/IB
Support Tools
ASD  SHS2/IF
Assistance
How to obtain the  SHS2/N-I
software
 Earth Disconnectors
Product managed

Introduction  Switch Disconnectors
Target users  SHS2/T1
Product managed
How it works  SHS2/T1M

Features
 SHS2/T2
Support Tools
ASD  SHS2/T2F
Assistance
How to obtain the  SHS2/T2M
software
 SHS2/T2MF
 SHS2/N-T1
 SHS2/N-T1M
 SHS2/N-T2
 SHS2/N-T2F
 SHS2/N-T2M
 SHS2/N-T2MF
Product managed

Introduction  General Purpose Fuses
Target users
Product managed
 CEF 7.2kV 200A
How it works  CEF 12kV 125A

Features
 CEF 17.5kV 100A
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance  CEF 24kV 80A
How to obtain the
software
 Motor Fuses
 CEM 7.2kV 315A
 CEM 12kV 100A

Product managed

Introduction  Cables
Target users
Product managed
 Sized according to
the ABB
How it works
Features “XLPE Cable Systems
Support Tools
Users Guide"
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Product managed
 Other Products
Introduction  Motors
Target users
Product managed  M2xxx
How it works
Features  M3xxx
Support Tools
ASD
 Transformers
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
 Oil Distribution Transformers
 RESIBLOC
How
DOC it works
How it Works
Features - Professional and Light Profiles
 DOC can be used with 2 different profiles

Introduction  Depending on the user needs and skills it can be recommended to use
Target users the Light Profile which hides the advanced and complex features
Product managed
How it works  DOC Light is for ...

Features
 ... first time, unskilled DOC users
Support Tools
ASD  ... installers – panel builders
Assistance
How to obtain the
who need a simple tool to draw
software and verify small networks
 DOC Professional is for ...

 ... skilled DOC users
 ... customers working on industrial

applications
 ... engineering companies –

OEM‟s looking for a powerful
calculation and design tool
Features - Single line diagram drawing
 Different layout available:

Introduction  Blank Page
Target users  More flexible
Product managed
 Allows representing rings and meshes
How it works
Features  Main project data available beside the objects
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
 Column Page
 Faster and easier drawing
 Main project data available in the grid
 Different ways to draw the symbols:

Introduction  By Single Objects
Target users  More flexible
Product managed
 Allows representing rings and meshes
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
 By Macros
 Faster and easier drawing
 Note: it is possible to use Single Objects

and Macros independently from the layout
 When using the Column layout, Objects are numbered by Page &
Introduction
Column
Target users
Product managed
 All the object in the same feeder have the same number
How it works
Features
 I.e: Page =1, Column=3 leads to QF1.3+ WC1.3 +L1.3
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
 It is possible to draw one scheme on more than one page

Introduction  Use the „Add Sheet‟ and „Change layout‟ commands to prepare new empty
Target users pages
Product managed
How it works  Use the Cross References to connect two objects

Features
Support Tools
 Use the „Previous/Next Sheet‟ commands to turn the pages
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Features - Plant General Properties Window
 This window is shown when starting a new project. Set all the options
carefully to spare time when drawing and calculating the electrical
Introduction
Aim of the application installation
Target users
Product managed
 Main options:
How it works  Power supply definition
Features  Voltage level
 Default distribution system
Support Tools
ASD  Default number of phases
Assistance  Method for SC calculations
How to obtain the  Method for cable sizing
software
 Options for addressing the device
selection
Features - Suggested Workflow
 A toolbar on the right side of the working area suggests the preferred
way to develop a project with DOC
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features  MV diagram drawing
Support Tools  LV diagram drawing
ASD
Assistance  Calculation and automatic project dimensioning
How to obtain the
software  Protection and discrimination verification thru the curves
 Auxiliaries scheme drawing
 Switchboard configuration
 Printouts
Features - MV Diagram Drawing
 The Medium Voltage section of the project can be drawn by the Macros
of the typical units of the Unimix switchboard or by Objects for more
Introduction
Aim of the application flexibility
Target users
Product managed
 To pass to the Low Voltage section it is necessary to use the
How it works
Features transformers (when a low voltage section is not needed, the drawing
Support Tools
can be completed with MV Loads or Motors)
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Features - Lv Diagram Drawing
 The Low Voltage section of the project can be drawn by the Macros or
by Objects for more flexibility
Introduction
Target users  The Macros available represents the most common Objects
Product managed
combinations; not available combinations can be realized using the
How it works
Features Objects
Power Supply
Support Tools  1 Macro = 1 Feeder = Many
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
single objects Switchboard Arrival
software
 I.e.: CB+Cable+Load
Sub-Switchboard
 I.e.: Fuse+Cable+Load
 Faster drawing Interlock graphical representation
 Pop-up window
Feeders
 When drawing a feeder it is

Motor Coordination
possible to insert the main
data making the drawing phase faster

Features - Calculation and automatic dimensioning
 Load-Flow
Introduction  DOC can calculate the current distribution, the voltage profile
Target users and the voltage drop profile in load condition considering:
Product managed
 Section with different number of phases
How it works
Features
 Unbalanced loads (automatic balance is optional)
Support Tools  Transformer Voltage Regulator
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the  Cable dimensioning
software
 Presence of meshes
 More distribution systems
 Cable dimensioning
Introduction  Given the power required by the loads and the motors, DOC is
Target users able to size the cables in an iterative process bringing to the
Product managed
section optimization and the current profile calculation
How it works
Features
 DOC implements several calculation methods
Support Tools
ASD  IEC 60364
Assistance
How to obtain the  CEI 64-8 Italian standard
software
 VDE 298 German standard
 NFC 15-100 French standard
 UNE 20460 Spanish standard
 IEC 60092 (for naval installation)
 Short Circuit
Introduction  DOC can calculate the maximum and minimum short
Target users circuit currents, with or without the motor contribution,
Product managed
for symmetrical and non-symmetrical faults, for different
How it works
Features times
Support Tools
ASD
 DOC implements several calculation methods
Assistance
How to obtain the  IEC 60909 LV\MV network, AC, 50-60Hz
software
 IEC 60363 Naval

ABB SACE – A Division of ABB S.p.A., MK-TO, 2009 June
 NFC 15-100 French national standard
 Symmetrical components method
 Configuration Management
Introduction
Aim of the application  In DOC it is possible to
Target users
Product managed simulate different
How it works scenarios for the electrical
Features
installation defining the
Support Tools
ASD
open/closed position for
Assistance
How to obtain the
the switching and
software
protecting devices
 The calculation are
performed in the worst
condition
 Devices Selection
Introduction  The calculation leads to an automatic proposal for all
Target users the devices drawn in the scheme
Product managed
How it works  When more than one product is technically suitable,

Features
DOC proposes the basic one
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
 It is possible to change the solution proposed by DOC
How to obtain the
software
and to lock the user choice thanks to the padlocks
present in all the selection windows
 DOC gives the possibility to perform the temperature rise-

assessment according to IEC 60890 in a early stage of the
Introduction
Aim of the application installation design
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Features - Curves
 With DOC it is possible to manage

Introduction  Time-current diagrams for the devices present in the scheme
Target users
Product managed  Set the thermomagnetic and electronic trip units
How it works
Features  Realize discrimination studies involving MV and LV devices
Support Tools
ASD
 Verify the cable protection Time-Current curve LLL
Assistance
How to obtain the
software 1E4s
1E3s
100s
10s
1s -TM1
-QF2, HD4/UniMix-R 24.06.12 P230, REF542Plus/DK

0.1s
-QF5, E4S 4000 PR121-LI 4000A

1E-2s
1E-2kA 0.1kA 1kA 10kA 100kA

Features – Switchboard configuration
 With DOC it is now possible to configure switchboard:

 By using a Wizar configuration: three steps guide procedure to create a
switchboard.
 By using a toolbar on the left side of working area:

 Insert and move column, Kit and device
 Tracking busbar system and temperature rise assessment
 Layer management (door, panel and plate layer, show hide busbars)
 Modify switchboard dimension
 Smart commands (switchboard table, labels, accessories)

Features - Project documentation
 Different reports sections allows the creation of a unique file

documenting the project
Introduction
Target users  The report sections can be added/removed according to the needs
Product managed
 Calculation hypothesis
How it works
Features
 Short circuit calculations
Support Tools  Cable Protections
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the  MV / LV devices list and settings
software
 Export in MS Excel is available

 The report language can be different from the current language
Support
DOC Tools
Support Tools
ABB Software Desktop
 ABB Software Desktop (ASD)

Introduction
Target users
Product managed
 ASD is automatically installed with the first installed software
How it works
Features
 ASD functionalities:
Support Tools
ASD
 Allows to run the software
Assistance
How to obtain the
 Manage the language
software
 Registration
 Software upgrade
 Contact Software Support
 Registration
Introduction  Visit www.bol.it.abb.com
Target users
Product managed
 Click on Profile Management
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Starting on a New
Project
The Single Line Diagram
© ABB Group
 Registration
Introduction  Click on New User
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Starting on a New
Project
© ABB Group
 Registration
Introduction  Click on Subscribe
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software
Starting on a New
Project
© ABB Group
 Registration
Introduction
Target users
Product managed
 After registering via internet ,
How it works
you will receive immediately
Features
an e-mail with ID and PSW
Support Tools to access the Upgrade
ASD
Assistance Service
How to obtain the
software
 Use them to check for

available Upgrades before
starting using the Software
 Upgrade DOC via internet

Introduction
Target users  Use The Automatic Upgrade
Product managed
Service allows you to
How it works
Features
maintain the software
aligned to the latest
Support Tools
ASD improvements delivered
Assistance
How to obtain the from ABB SACE them to
software
check for available
Upgrades before starting
using the Software
Assistance
 How to contact us – Software support

Introduction
Ask the ABB SACE Software Assistance for any question you may
Target users
Product managed
have regarding the software tools
How it works  Email
Features
Support Tools  software.tools@it.abb.com

ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the  Call Center
software
 +39 035 395 570

 On line
 http://www.bol.it.abb.com
How to obtain the software
 Refer to the ABB Local Sales Organization for a free copy of the
Introduction
software
Target users
Product managed
How it works
Features
Support Tools
ASD
Assistance
How to obtain the
software

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Lionel Ng, LPBS - Low Voltage Products

 General information on MV/LV transformer substations

 The electrical substations can be divided into

where the measuring units

contains the transformer and

Substation with a single transformer

 Most common management methods

It is possible to use the

Substation with two transformers

 Most common management methods

two transformers which operate

 Most common management methods

It is possible to use the

two transformers which operate simultaneously on

ONAN transformer containing more than 500 kg of oil (> 800kVA)

 Management philosophy for the protections

 Management philosophy for the protections

L function protection against

S function protection against

 IEC 60909-0 (CEI 11-25)

 Main components involved in a short-circuit calculation

Zknet ZcMV ZTR ZcLV

 The equivalent network is solved according to standard

 (Ik shortcircuit without motor contribution)

Z cMV 400V  Z cMV 20kV 

 4  106  ZcMV = 0.01 

100 Sn 100 400  103 ZcMV = 410-3 m

1kA Limited peak

 Rated operational voltage Ue: the value of voltage which

 Rated uninterrupted current Iu: the value of current which the

 Rated current In: the value of current which characterizes the

 Generalities about the main electrical parameters

T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320

Ultimate Short-Circuit Breaking Capacity (Icu):

- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO

- test sequence: O - 3 min - CO - 3 min – CO

- operational performance capability: (5% of N°operating cycle

T5N400 PR221DS-LS/I In 320

Icu 36kA Icm 75.6 kA @415V

 Generalities about the main electrical parameters

 Rated short-time withstand current Icw: it is the r.m.s. value of

 Defined for category B only

 Generalities about the main electrical parameters

Ue, Icu, Ics, Icm?

 Definitions and Standards

is a type of coordination of two or

Selectivity is done between

B and C are the load side circuit

DAMAGE REDUCTION FAULT CONTINUITY OF SERVICE

 Better selectivity  Fast fault elimination

IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

“Trip selectivity (for overcurrent) is a coordination between the

only the downstream circuit

if selectivity is not provided

both the upstream and the

All the system is out of service!

A and B connected in series:

partial selectivity and total selectivity.

B opens only according to fault current

Only B trips for every current value

Current, time, energy, zone,

A I> A I> A I> I>

B I> B I> I> I> B I> I> I>