1

Earthquake Detection

Session (2012-2017)

Program

Bachelors in Computer Science

Submitted By:

Supervised By

Hazara University, Mansehra

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DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to our Parents and Teachers for their support and guidance at

all stages. We also dedicate this work to all class fellows.

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DECLARATION

We declare that this thesis is our own work and has not been submitted in any form for

another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education.

Name:

Signature: ____________________

Name:

Signature: ____________________

Name:

Signature: ____________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Starting with thanks to almighty Allah who is the creator of whole universe . We are very

thankful to our Parents who shaped our life and made us what we are today, to our

teachers who have been our source of inspiration, and the loved one who care for us.

Thanks to our project supervisor ----------- for giving us the opportunity to research under

his supervision and give us guidance through these years as an undergraduate students.

We deeply thank our project supervisor and we would like to express special thanks.

We are also thankful to our friends for their enthusiasm and support during this project.

We thank our entire class colleagues, friends and family members who worked on this

project for their valuable support and as well as those who wish to remain anonymous.
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PROJECT IN BRIEF

Project Title: Earthquake Detecter

Supervised By: -----------------

Starting Month:

Ending Month :

Software Used: Arduino +

Hardware used: Ardunio, mpu6050,

Environment Used: Windows Seven.

System Used: Dell Core i5.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

HAZARA UNIVERSITY MANSEHRA

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Abstract:

The proposed study involves design and development for the earthquake alarm

detection circuit based on electronic devices only which will be highly helpful for the

determination of high frequency vibrations which will trigger an impulse when the S

wave is detected by the earthquake sensor which in this case is a shaft with load that

represents a steel or building structure that shakes vibrations when the corresponding

surface wave reaches the ground. In this analysis we have identified the need for an

electronically monitored high frequency detector circuit which triggers a pulse when the

vibration occurs for earthquake occurrence for p wave followed by surface wave. The

circuit is activated to read for 10 seconds with the use of an Arduino microcontroller that

latches the output as high for 10 seconds and reads the shaft output vibration data for

further diagnosis. If the p wave arrives, the s wave arrival is estimated to occur for the

next 9 seconds for an intermediate depth based earthquake. This alarm detector circuit

can be used in conjunction with steel based structures with a drill made to house the

electronic instruments shown below and a microcontroller hereby to start an alarm for

earthquake and also detect aftershock occurrences in steel based shafts and joint for better

operation. One major limitation of geophones is the electrical damping. We applied a

shunt resistor using back electromotive force which acts as damping. The maximum

electrical damping is limited by the value of the passive resistor. We present the general

architecture of the circuit with description and operation, design flow chart and

implementation of the sensor. We create boolean sensing range for earthquake alarm

detector and analyze how an inner and outer circle can identify the ‘Earthquake
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Preparation Zone’ or the seismogenic zone corresponding to an earthquake occurrence in

the city to identify disaster region..

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Table of Content

Contents

Abstract: .......................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................. 10
1 INTRODUCTION: ..................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Brief Introduction: ......................................................................................................... 10
Approach ................................................................................................................................... 10
Related Work ............................................................................................................................. 12
Objectives of project: ................................................................................................................ 14
Problems Statement: ................................................................................................................. 14
Scope of project......................................................................................................................... 14
1.4. Hardware Constraints:........................................................................................................ 15
 Language Constraint:..................................................................................................... 16
 Communication constraints: .......................................................................................... 16
 Start-up Time:................................................................................................................ 16
 Response Time: ............................................................................................................. 16
 Search Strategy: ............................................................................................................. 16
 Graphics Decision: ........................................................................................................ 16
 Updating Time:.............................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 18
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 18
3 CHAPTER ............................................................................................................................. 27
Approach ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................................... 30
5 References ......................................................................................................................... 31
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CHAPTER 1

1 INTRODUCTION:

1.1 Brief Introduction:

Despite all the scientific advances in the field of earthquake prediction, the idea of
accurate alarm and monitoring of incipient earthquakes using electronic monitoring tools
for detection still remains a vision of the future. Although many techniques have been
implemented and the avenues of scientific warning based on interdisciplinary analysis of
electronic instrumentation, geophysical explanation and a consistent time margin between
a potential warning and its eventuality remains a dream for scientists around the world;
there is also a need to simultaneously get rid of any possibility of erroneous detections
leading to false alarms associated with the different earthquake patterns and associated
stress-strain interactions between the geophysical parameters and precursors. In order to
extend the scope of analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of stress in the different
stages of the fault system associated with the complexity of the fault geometry,
heterogeneity, and anisotropy of the rock for the host rock media exhibiting highly
variable behavior in the incipient region (Schulz et al., 1973, Srivastava,1983) so that a
plausible earthquake early warning system can be developed for earthquake risk
mitigation for the region. There are three basic reasons we feel that earthquake prediction
analysis has suffered due to the absence of reliable diagnostic precursors for different
geo-tectonic settings responsible for earthquake genesis.

Approach

The strategy to define the efficacy of an Earthquake Alarm uses seismometers to detect
the first signature of an earthquake (P wave), to process the waveform information, and to
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forecast the intensity of shaking that will arrive after the (S wave). For local EEW
installations, the P wave is detected onsite (i.e., at the user location), and the difference
between the P- and S-wave arrival times defines the maximum alert time. For regional
networks, the P waves are detected by sensors closest to the epicenter, and estimates are
immediately relayed to earthquake alerting applications of the expected arrival and
intensity of shaking at their location. It has been found from previous studies that velocity
of the seismic body waves are directly proportional to the square root of the rigidity
modulus. Elastic wave velocity is the square root of stiffness over density. For structures,
as the density of the material increases so does the stiffness. The key here is that stiffness
increases at faster rate than density. It is found that velocity tend to be faster in denser
materials (Santamarina et al.,2001) for soils which are denser. A slight increase in density
increases the shear modulus or rigidity of the material largely.
This causes increase in elastic wave velocity in denser medium. In case of P waves the
velocity is proportional to sqrt((bulk + 4/3rigidity) modulus /density) where as for S wave
velocity is only sqrt(rigidity modulus/density). As the bulk and rigidity modulus are
positive quantities which increase at a greater rate than the density below the surface. In
essence, P wave velocity is a measure of bulk modulus and S wave velocity of shear
modulus so the vibration of the structure will also vary under the effect of high frequency
vibrations. The constraint that is the kinetic energy per unit volume for vibrating medium
is to be considered as constant. These constraints are prevailed because the process of
earthquake genesis is found to be dynamic and the generating mechanism remains
completely uncertain in terms of size and its depth of occurrence (Mishra,2007). An idea
of detecting ground motion immediately after an earthquake occurrence and controlling
automatic shutdown of systems and the like had already been adopted by a number of
systems before the development of the EEW. The use of the microcomputer meter
commonly found in Japanese homes whereby a ground motion detector is installed within
a gas meter, and records a warning when the sensor detects ground motion exceeding a
specific level, In all of these cases, the automatic shutdown system functioned as
expected. Elevators, which are often used in our daily lives, also employ a function to
automatically stop at the nearest floor when detecting ground motion. In reality, however,
there are constant accidents where elevators stop upon an earthquake without the door
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opening, and people are trapped inside the elevators for many hours. The following
instrumentation describes the some preferred embodiments of the present innovation
which are purely for the sake of understanding the performance of the innovation and not
by any sort of limitations.

Related Work

Scientists all over the world have used the scenario of earthquake alarm diagnosis and
design based on the detection of Primary(P) waves before the subsequent advance of the
Surface(S) waves that can intensify to cause large scale destruction. Several earthquake
detection instruments are already known and acknowledged primarily meant to detect
earthquake waves such as the P waves. Intensified earthquake waves which propagate
from the focus or the place of origin are mainly the P waves and S waves in that order. It
is found that the intensity of the P waves and the S waves depend on the magnitude of the
earthquake and also the distance from the focus or the place of origin. In such areas
which usually originate from the focus are of very low intensity and no consequence. In
that context, the device needs to be set to detect the intensity of the P wave and asses
thereafter the evacuation of the people based on the alarm sound. Furthermore certain
locations are also prone to very large scale erosions and landslides due to mining. The
device should detect the presence of the earthquake wave to respond to earthquake waves
in predetermined scale of range. The earthquake detection device in accordance with the
present electronic sensor based design is aimed to address the disadvantage of the
earthquake detection devices in the form of the alarm and can be made available at a
reasonable price due to the low manufacturing cost and also low maintenance costs due to
the simplified construction. The instrument can also be made into global applications to
monitor the state of the steel structures in varying geographical locations for domestic
and administrative buildings for the purpose of simple and fairly easy operation. Further
it is common knowledge that earthquakes of higher degree is followed by a subsequent
earthquake at intervals of small span ranging from few hours to few days.
The device in accordance with the present invention is adapted to be automatically
adjustable for detecting the series of earthquakes from source in the event of issuing an
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alarm for indicating possible earthquake events. A sensor is able to monitor the following
application using intricate electronic engineering tools. This component senses the speed
input signal, integrates it to deduce the angular position, and uses this position along with
an internal reference signal to generate amplitude modulated output signals that resemble
those that would be generated by a typical sine-cosine resolver. This component is
designed to be connected to the shaft of the machine components. It presents neither an
inertial nor a frictional load to the shaft for application of magnetostrictive effect with
respect to interference of a longitudinal wave (P wave) forms the tool for the detection
process. When a longitudinal wave passes through a ferromagnetic system (consisting of
a ferromagnetic rod suspended between a well calibrated system of electromagnets
providing a constant magnetic field), each and every particle of the wave suffers a shift in
its velocity profile due to the domain shifting process in the material (Klark, 1951). As a
result, there occurs a suitable increment in the wave velocity after the longitudinal wave
crosses the system. The variation in temperature in medium causes a drastic change in
elastic property of the wave. The particles of the P wave spectrum undergo systematic
shift in their velocity profile due to which the velocity of the wave sharply decreases with
the increase in temperature. The process of decrement of wave velocity as the wave
passes through a high temperature medium provides a unique mark When a p-wave is
detected by a seismograph, the wave’s frequency and amplitude is recorded for four
seconds in order to decrease the possibility of false positives caused by local activity such
as road traffic or construction (Ryall, 2008). This data is then sent to Arduino Micro
controller which will trigger a pulse to detect the initial impact of the p wave and
followed by an S wave for detection and issue a warning after the earthquake has released
its initial seismic waves. The EEWS is most useful for regions that are located at least
100km from the earthquake’s epicenter. This distance translates into an approximately
20-50second warning. The area located within the 100km radius is known as the blind
zone and is too close to the hypocenter to receive a warning. Because of this blind zone,
it is important that this system is complemented with on- site earthquake detection
mechanisms, particularly in heavily populated urban areas or near critical factories
handling dangerous machinery or chemicals. In this way, earthquake detection relies not
only on seismographs, but also locally installed and operated seismograph devices, which
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helps to improve both accuracy and reliability of earthquake detection for the purposes of
disaster mitigation.

Objectives of project:

 The objectives of this project are:

 Implement a general purpose earthquake detection system based on wireless
sensors station using some basic components like microcontroller Arduino Uno
R3, MPU6050 and other components.
 To create an attractive and friendly user wireless earthquake detector.
 To build a wireless earthquake detection station that has transmitter and receiver
digital data system.

Problems Statement:

The main concern of this project will be about its motion detection. It is because this
project is more compact and smaller compared to existing earthquake detection station.
As for that, it will gain more people interest in our product. In addition to that, this
project is simpler in its design thus making it more innovative. Due to our wireless
weather station for being small and compact, it will make it easier to carry anywhere and
lighter compared to normal earthquake detectors. For example, travelling or to any
expeditions. But the most unique thing about this wireless earthquake detection is using
Arduino Uno as microcontroller. Existing earth quake detector station only used PIC
16F873 and this microcontroller is more complex and such an old fashion of
microcontroller. This project also used other ARDUINO tools as our hardware. Namely
Hitachi HD 44780 and DHT11 .The program for Arduino is friendly user because it is
less complex. As for that, this project can also be used commercially for agriculture
industry, research home owners and government agencies. This will be advantages for
this project.

Scope of project
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This project focused on the how to make this earthquake detector to be wireless that
anyone or anywhere can check about temperature and humidity around us easily. Firstly,
find the step for built this project. Before start anything, firstly must decide which one
item that want to used. For example, many items can detect motion and sensor such as
LM 335but for this project is suitable with mpu6050 Motion Sensor because it can detect
and read it perfectly. This is proved by this graph.
The first spike for the motion is breathing onto the sensor. The gradual rise means it can
detect hot or high vibration because breathe is C2O. Secondly is learning and find
components function in project and find any connection in all hardware. In this session,
are getting a very long time to find the items. For this project, it very concerned about the
quality, price and convenience to make program

1.4. Hardware Constraints:

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Design Constraint: Application is only designed in Labview

 Language Constraint:

We will use Labview for this project.

 Communication constraints:

Communication and network error may cause the application to crash; application may

not deal with such problems.

1.5 Non Functional Requirements

 Start-up Time:

Application should be started within (1-3) seconds for saving the time of user.

 Response Time:

Application response time should be fast so that the information will be quickly

seen with a limited time.

 Search Strategy:

Searching time should be limited so that the user can view the information and it

also motivates the user.

 Graphics Decision:

It should take limited time to load notification.

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 Updating Time:

Information will be updated with in mille second so that effect will not be noticed

by the user.
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CHAPTER 2

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Background

While earthquakes occur much too fast relative to the speed at which humans are capable

of processing information, in another sense, seismic early warning is possible because

damaging earthquake ground motions propagate slowly relative to the speed at which

information travels. The large amplitude ground motions from an earthquake (and hence

the most damaging) are typically from the S-wave and later arriving surface waves,

which travel at about 3.5 km/s; electronically transmitted information travels at about

300,000 km/s. If the initiating earthquake can be detected, and its characteristics (is it

large or small?) identified early enough in the rupture process, information about the

imminent strong ground motions can arrive at regions further from the source region on

the order of seconds before the start of strong shaking. Kanamori (2004) provides a

recent review and history of research efforts in seismic early warning. The first printed

reference to seismic early warning dates back to 1868, in an editorial by J.D. Cooper of

the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin written after an M = 7 earthquake on the

Hayward fault (Nakamura and Tucker, 1988; Kanamori, 2004). Cooper proposed the

installation of an array of seismic detectors from 10 to 100 kilometers away from San

Francisco. When large ground motions triggered the array, a signal would be telegraphed

to San Francisco and would automatically ring a bell hung high in City Hall. Cooper’s

article in 1868 listed a number of concepts that still define the boundaries for the seismic

early warning problem in modern times: 1) the need for a dense seismic network, 2) the
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longest warning times would be available from large distant earthquakes; there would be

little or no warning from that were too close to close to the target warning region, and 3)

the need to automate the system. Cooper recognized that human operators “might not

always retain the presence of mind enough to telegraph at the moment or might sound the

alarm too often” (Nakamura and Tucker, 1988). The model for a modern seismic

computerized alert network (SCAN) was proposed by Heaton (1985). In Heaton’s model,

ground motions recorded by a dense array of broadband, high dynamic range

seismometers would be digitally telemetered to a central processing facility. The central

processing site would take the input ground motions and calculate estimates of

earthquake size and location. These estimates, along with their reliabilities, would be sent

to system subscribers. Computers at subscriber sites would combine the available

estimates (and their reliabilities) along with the subscriber location and site data to

calculate when and what level of ground motions to expect, as well as what actions to

take. The appropriate actions and what level of ground motions and reliability would be

required to initiate the actions would vary depending on the subscribers. For example,

there is little cost or inconvenience associated with stopping elevators or ensuring that

gates at fire stations are open. These actions could be initiated even when the reliabilities

of the SCAN estimates are low (and there is still a possibility that it is a false alarm).

However, false alarms would be more costly for tasks such as diverting airport traffic or

initiating shut-down procedures at a nuclear plants. These actions would only be initiated

if the SCAN estimates indicated that there was a high reliability that ground motions

exceeding some critical level were imminent. Again, the reliability and the ground

motion level required to initiate action would vary from user to user. The SCAN would
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send continuous improved updates of earthquake size, location, and estimate reliabilities

as the ground motions propagated to more seismic stations in the network. Figure 1.1

shows a schematic of Heaton’s seismic computerized alert network. The UrEDAS

(Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System) system used by Japan Railway

(Nakamura, 1988) is perhaps the most famous example of a seismic computerized alert

network, where the estimates from the central processing site are used to automatically

initiate damage-mitigating actions, in this case, stopping high speed trains. In general,

most recent research has been focused on the problem of reliably determining whether

the event will be damaging or not from the data available from the initial part of the

rupture (task of the central processing facility in Figure 1.1); the source estimation and

user response problems have typically been dealt with separately. The need to move from

this separatist view to a more integrated approach considering both the source estimation

problem and the user response within a unified framework will be discussed.

Wireless Sensor Network Based System

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) [1] includes various sensors distributed spatially with

the capacity of communication, processing and computing. The data is sensed and

transmitted to the base-station regularly. Here, in real time manner, data is processed and

managed. One proposed framework [2] conquers the above restriction by organization of

WSN base for different climate advance utilizing virtual sensor and overlay idea.

Checking climate information and giving SaaS and interpersonal organization cataclysm

cautions in light of choice ID3 system and give cloud validation utilizing secure shell.

Similar work [3] gives a conditional summary on WSN with Internet of bothers based on
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PARASENSE plan. A good arrangement is made for sending continuous applications and

for conveying it.

Microcontroller Based System

The basic point of a work based on microcontroller [7] is to manufacture an implanted

framework to plan an air checking framework which empowers the saw of climate

parameters in an industry. This type of work includes different sensors like Gas sensors,

temperature sensors, and dampness sensors which were observed with the use of ARM 9

LPC1768 microcontrollers. The following framework utilizes a complex circuit

developed with ARM 9 processor. Embedded C programming is used. Scheduling is done

with the use of JTAG in association with ARM 9 processor.

In a work presented during [8], it screens and shows the temperature, weight and

similarly dampness of the sky, utilizing simple and advanced segments. The following

Fig.shows the microcontroller connected to sensor which provides digital signal to the
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microcontroller. Sensor module itself converts the analog signal into digital signals and

sends serially to the microcontroller

The key point of a similar work [9] is to build up an implanted framework to plan a

climate checking framework which empowers the observing of climate parameters. This

type of framework includes various sensing devices like Humidity, temperature, wind

speed, wind heading information can be signed into cloud so that any one (validated

individual) from wherever can watch the particular information.

Arduino Based System

Through a specific framework [10, 11], it can naturally gather the data about stickiness

and temperature. Through this framework authors can naturally gather the data about

stickiness and temperature. The points of interest are put away in a database and as per

present and past information authors can deliver the outcomes in graphical way in the

framework. The circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 3 describes the interdependent

functionality of the components and their output.

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GSM Based System

In GSM based systems[12,13], a gadget for ongoing climate observing is displayed to

screen the constant temperature, environmental weight, relative dampness and air’s dew

point temperature through such system which is utilizing simple and advanced parts. In

the following system of Fig 4., digital signals are obtained from analog signals and

database is altered according to the program designed for displaying userfriendly

outcomes in terms of pressure on a display.

Radar Based System

In Radar based systems like [14, 15], the creators introduced a technique that coordinates

both of the information sources to give strategic and arranged climate radar.

Prediction Based systems :

In a prediction based system [18], authors proposed a methodology for monitoring

transient climate conditions based on semantic and geospatial coherent cross-disciplinary.

In this, demonstration of individuals driven detecting system is given to improve the

accuracy of the system and the legitimacy of information collected using regular sensor is

affirmed. Similarly, Mattlach et. al. [19] assessed the conventional climate armada as an

asset for atmosphere monitoring. The wave soul range, which all NDBC climates floats

routinely report hourly. It contains a lot of data with respect to the starting point, quality

and term of sea tempests. Such estimations are delivered from basic accelerometers

originating from an adult, settled innovation. SWAP is another one method [20] which

will execute as an operational sun based observing instrument for space climate
 24

forecasting. The LYRA information will make profitable sun powered checking data, for

agent space climate now throwing and testing. Similarly in another prediction based

system, the control outfit figure with starting condition instability, is handy yet under

dispersive. To enhance the unwavering quality of the outfit gauges, the control group is

supplemented with 1) annoyed side perspective limit conditions; or, representation

blunder representation utilizing either 2) stochastic active soul backscatter or 3)

stochastically bothered parameterization propensities [21]. Multi-physics and a stochastic

active fundamental backscatter arrangement are utilized in a similar system to speak to

model instability in a meso-scale troupe conjecture framework utilizing the Weather

Investigation and Forecasting model [22].

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Sensor Based System

In a recent work [26], Mittal et. al. planed to distinguish the topographical ranges for sun

based and wind vitality eras with ease. There framework depends on remotely worked

framework with sensors, which accumulates climate data and transmits measured

qualities to the ground. The framework is worked by battery, and is required to keep

running with an expanded life period. Static sensor hubs and submerged sensor web are

connected in ecological verification in a novel study. By consolidating adding a sensor

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system and a technique of distributed computing [27], the submerged sensor bid can be

improved. The climate station is designed recently [28] which has a gathering of sensors

for measuring wind pace and bearing, air temperature, relative dampness and

precipitation. A snowfall connector can be continuing the precipitation gage that permits

estimation of the water fulfilled of snow amid winter months. DCOMP is a novel system

[29] having a set up to keep running on sensors with comparative channel settings and

has been effectively practiced on most current meteorological imagers. This standard

makes DCOMP especially profitable for air research. Correlations with the Moderate

Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) gathering 5 dataset are utilized to

figuring the execution of DCOMP. During 2016, in a recent work [30], wind sensor, wind

direction sensor, humidity and temperature sensor are used for sending the real time data

on Thing Speak cloud Which can be easily observed and analyzed to authorized person or

may be publically open. It uses Raspberry Pi development board used earlier by many

authors for user-friendly works [31, 32]. Arm 7 [33, 34] is an efficient processor which is

generally used for real time operation in many applications.

Camera Based System:

With a unique sort of camera and computerized multi-image photogrammetric

framework, it's currently conceivable to takeout Digital Elevation Models (DEM) with

capturing an image by the camera [35].Using such strategy; the plane is may not be

limited to flight way straightly. And it may go straightforwardly along objective region.

That postulation presented the work hypothesis of computerized photographic visibility

framework (for short is DPVS), edge of framework, structure of equipment and

programming stream, at last correspondence amongst host and open air cell [36].
 27

3 CHAPTER

Approach
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden
release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. An earthquake is
what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface
where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. The location below the earth’s surface
where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on
the surface of the earth is called the epicenter[1]. During earthquake, degree of the
damage caused is depends on the magnitude that indicates the amount of energy released
from Earths crust. The magnitude of earthquake which is less than 5 is measured using
local magnitude scale called as Richter magnitude scale. Itmeasures the magnitude of
earthquake by observing the amplitude on a seismogram.In recent years, a standard
magnitude scale is used which represents energy released at the time of earthquake more
precisely including large magnitude events. This technique makes use of devices like
either seismometer, geophone, accelerometer. Meanwhile before selecting any seismic
sensor we need to know that the seismic sensor should provide signals which are
unaffected by the sensors inherent characteristics and as closely as possible reflect the
true soil response to the seismic source wave traveling through it. In terms of frequency
response of the receiver, its output should be constant for all input frequencies. In
addition, the phase of the input frequency should be unaffected so that the wave’s shape
does not change. In general terms, it is desirable to have a seismic sensor with a fast
response time and a small settling time [2].When it comes to the selection of a seismic
sensor though Geophones have larger peak time and settling time compared to
accelerometer but the accelerometer are selected for the seismic activities because of their
low noise, fast response times, and high bandwidths compared to geophones.
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Component Used

Arduino Uno:

Arduino Uno is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based flexible hardware

and software. Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of
sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.
The microcontroller on the board (ATMega328) is programmed using the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment
(based on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate
with software running on a computer.

. MPU6050

 MPU6050 is a Micro Electro-mechanical system (MEMS), it consists of three-

axisaccelerometer and three-axis gyroscope. It helps us to measure velocity,
orientation, acceleration, displacement and other motion like features.
 MPU6050 consists of Digital Motion Processor (DMP), which has property to
solve complex calculations.
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 MPU6050 consists of a 16-bit analog to digital converter hardware. Due to this

feature, it captures three-dimension motion at the same time.
 This module has some famous features which are easily accessible, due to its easy
availability it can be used with a famous microcontroller like Arduino. Friend if
you are looking for a sensor to control a motion of your Drone, Self Balancing
Robot, RC Cars and something like this, then MPU6050 will be a good choice for
you.
 This module uses the I2C module for interfacing with Arduino.
 MPU6050 is less expensive, Its main feature is that it can easily combine with
accelerometer and gyro.
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Chapter 4

METHODOLOGY

.
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Chapter 6

5 References
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1. M. Haefke, S. C. Mukhopadhyay and H. Ewald, “A Zigbee Based Smart Sensing

Platform for Monitoring Environmental Parameters”, 2011 IEEE
2. Setu Garg, Akash chaudhary, Akash pradhan, Heena sharma, “THE ROLE OF
ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY IN WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM”, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2013
3. Columbia-Weather. “Pegasus EX PortableWeather Station - Columbia
WeatherSystems, Inc.” http://www.columbiaweather.com/Pegasus EX-Brochure.pdf
(accessed June 3, 2010).
4. Zigbee Alliance, Zigbee Specification. Version 1.0 Zigbee Document 053474r06,
December 14th, 2004.
5. Mircea Popa, Member IEEE, and Catalin Iapa, “Embedded Weather Station with
Remote Wireless Control”, 19th Telecommunications forum TELFOR 2011, IEEE
6. Babar Khan, “Wireless sensor networking using AADI Sensors with WSN Coverage”,
7. Mater Thesis Telemark University College, 2012
8. Zhen Fang, Zhan Zhao, Xunxue Cui, LiDong Du, Daoqu Geng, Yundong Xuan, Jing
Xu, ShaoHua Wu, “Micro Sensor Network Node Design for Meteorological Parameter
Monitoring”, IEEExplore
] D. Derickson, Fiber Optic – Test and Measurement, 1st ed. Prentice Hall, 1998. [3] G.
C. Amaral, L. E. Y. Herrera, D. Vitoreti, G. P. Temporao, P. J. Urban, ˜ and J. P. von der
Weid, “WDM-PON monitoring with tunable photon counting OTDR,” Photonics
Technology Letters, vol. 26, no.
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