Bigman M Hutapea
KK-Geoteknik FTSL – ITB
HATTI
2. Excessive settlement
• Assumptions:
- Clay-water system is homogeneous
- Saturation is complete
- Compressibility of water is negligible
- Compressibility of soil grains is negligible
- Water flows only in one direction (in direction of loading)
- Darcy’s law is valid
∂h
v x = k x i x = −k x
∂x
∂h
v y = k yi y = −k y
∂y
∂h
vz = k zi z = −k z
∂z
∂ 2h ∂ 2h ∂ 2 h 1 ∂Ww
kx 2 + k y 2 + kz 2 =
∂x ∂y ∂z γ w ∂t
∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u γ ∂e
kx 2 + k y 2 + kz 2 = w u = excess pwp
∂x ∂y ∂z 1 + e0 ∂t
∂e ∂σ ∂ ∂σ ∂u w ∂σ ∂u
= − av = − a v (σ − u w ) = − a v − = − av −
∂t ∂t ∂t ∂t ∂t ∂t ∂t
∂ 2u γ w av ∂σ ∂u
= −
∂z 2 k z (1 + e0 ) ∂t ∂t
∂ 2u γ w a v ∂u 1 ∂u k z (1 + e0 ) k
= = cv = = z av
∂z 2
k z (1 + e0 ) ∂t cv ∂t γ w av mv γ w mv =
(1 + e0 )
∂u ∂ 2u
= cv
∂t ∂z 2
m =∞
z − M 2Tv π Tv =
cv t
ue =
2uie
sin M e M = (2m + 1) Hd
2
m =0 M H d
2
m=∞
u z z
Degree of consolidation U z = 1 − e U z = 1− ) e − M Tv
2
(sin M
uie m=0 M Hd
m =∞
2 − M 2Tv
Average deg ree of consolidation U v = 1 − 2
e
m =0 M
T= U2 =
4 4 100
Sertifikasi 2019 BMH 27-02-2019 11
Degree of consolidation
ue
U z = 1−
uie
m=∞
z z
U z = 1− ) e − M Tv
2
(sin M
m =0 M Hd
π π U%
2
T= U2 =
4 4 100
untuk U > 60% :
Sample
• Test Results
Compression Index:
de
Cc = −
d log σ c '
• Compression Index
e a − eb
Cc = −
(log σ z ' ) b − (log σ c ' ) a
• Recompression Index
ec − e d
Cr = −
(log σ z ' ) d − (log σ c ' ) c
• σ’ zf= σ’ zo + Δσ’ zo
Normally consolidated soils
σ’ zo = tekanan vertikal
effektif akibat berat
sendiri
Cc σ ' zf
S = H log
1 + e0 σ 'z 0
Case 1: Case 2:
2. Excessive settlement
Excessive settlement
Untuk kasus vertical drain dan dengan asumsi kondisi equal strain,
maka solusi dari persamaan di atas adalah:
− 2Th
U h = 1 − exp
F ( n )
Ch ⋅ t re
dengan Th = 2
n=
re rw
n2
F ( n) = 2 ln(n) −
(
+
)
3n 2 − 1 kr n 2 − 1
⋅ 2
n −1 4n 2
rw k n
Sertifikasi 2019 BMH 27-02-2019 42
Sertifikasi 2019 BMH 27-02-2019 43
Aliran air arah vertikal dan arah radial
Proses konsolidasi untuk aliran dua arah ini diatur
melalui persamaan sebagai berikut:
∂U e
∂t
= Cv
∂ 2U e
∂z
∂ 2U e 1 ∂U e
+ Ch 2 + ( )(
U vh = 1 − 1 − U v 1 − U h )
∂r r ∂r
2
0,9
1
1,1 Time Rate Preloading
Instalasi PVD
Tahap 2
Tahap 1
Stripping dan
Geotextile Pavement Kupas Timbunan
(Separator)
Soft Soil
∆pt
∆pm
Clay layer Hc
∆pb
Depth, z