5G Beamforming Follow-Up - 25!09!2018

Security Level:
25/ September/ 2018
5G Beamforming
follow-up
Contents
1. Overview on channels, signals and time-frequency resources
2. Broadcast beam management
3. Massive MIMO
HISILICONTECHNOLOGIES
HUAWEI SEMICONDUCTOR
CO., LTD. Page 2
AAU5613 antenna (64T64R)
Eight columns
Compared with a traditional wide-beam antenna, a Massive MIMO

antenna can improve signal coverage and reduce interference between
Vertical 1-drive-3 cells by implementing narrow beams.
Traditional Antenna Massive MIMO
• 64T64R: There are 32 channels in the left and right polarization directions respectively.
• Channel: PA, which consists of three antenna elements, that is, horizontal 1 drive 1
Antenna element: 8 columns*12 rows* 2 polarities (192) and vertical 1 drive 3.
Vertical: 1 TRX connected to 3 elements
Horizontal: 1 TRX connected to 1 element
CO., LTD. Page 3
From Wide Broadcast Beam to Narrow Broadcast Beams
DMRS
CRS 5G Demodulation
LTE Cell Specific Reference Reference Signal
Signal
Radio Front Radio Front

T1 T1 WideBeam
Broadcast R1
R1 Beam
eNodeB gNodeB
Baseband Baseband
TN TN
RN RN
Time
CO., LTD. Page 4
5G Physical Channels and Signals
Downlink Physical Channel/Signal Function
Used for time-frequency synchronization and cell
SS Synchronization Signal
search.
Downlink Uplink PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries system information to be broadcast.
Transmits control signaling, such as signaling for
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
uplink and downlink scheduling and power control.
Physical Physical Physical Physical PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Carries downlink user data.
Channel Signal Channel Signal Used for downlink data demodulation and time-
DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
frequency synchronization.
PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal Tracks and compensates downlink phase noise.
PBCH PSS/SSS PRACH DMRS
Used for downlink channel measurement, beam
Channel State Information
CSI-RS management, RRM/RLM measurement, and refined
Reference Signal
time-frequency tracking.
PDCCH DMRS PUCCH PT-RS Uplink Physical Channel/Signal Function
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel Carries random access request information.
Transmits L1/L2 control signaling, such as signaling
PDSCH PT-RS PUSCH SRS PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel for HARQ feedback, CQI feedback, and scheduling
request indicator.
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel Carries uplink user data.
CSI-RS Used for uplink data demodulation and time-frequency

DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
synchronization.
PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal Tracks and compensates uplink phase noise.
Used for uplink channel measurement, time-frequency
SRS Sounding Reference Signal
synchronization, and beam management.
Compared with LTE, NR removes the PHICH, PCFICH, and CRS, adds the PT-RS, and enhances the DMRS and CSI-RS.
CO., LTD. Page 5
Relationships Between Physical Channels and Signals
 Relationship between downlink channels and signals  Relationship between uplink channels and signals
Downlink synchronization PSS/SSS

Uplink synchronization
Demodulation PRACH
DMRS for
PBCH PBCH
Demodulation
Demodulation
DMRS for
DMRS for PUCCH PUCCH
PDCCH PDCCH
DMRS for
DMRS for PUSCH
PDSCH
Phase tracking
PDSCH PUSCH PT-RS
PT-RS
SRS
CSI-RS
Physical channels fall into common channels (SS, PBCH, and PRACH), control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH), and data channels (PDSCH
and PUSCH). These channels and reference signals are used for transmitting and receiving data on the data channels.
CO., LTD. Page 6
Basic Concepts of Time-Domain Resources
Frame structure architecture:
 Frame length: 10 ms  Example: SCS = 30 kHz/120 kHz
– SFN range: 0 to 1023 1 frame = 10 ms = 10 subframes = 20 slots
 Subframe length: 1 ms
SCS = 30 kHz
– Subframe index per system frame: 0 to 9
1 subframe = 1 ms = 2 slots
 Slot length: 14 symbols
Slot Configuration (Normal CP) 1 slot = 0.5 ms = 14 symbols
SCS
(kHz) Number of Number of Number of Slots
Symbols/Slot Slots/Subframe /Frame
1 frame = 10 ms = 10 subframes = 80 slots
15 14 1 10
30 14 2 20
SCS = 120 kHz

60 14 4 40
120 14 8 80 1 subframe = 1 ms = 8 slots
240 14 16 160
480 14 32 320
Slot Configuration (Extended CP) 1 slot = 0.125 ms = 14 symbols
60 12 4 40
CO., LTD. Page 7
Basic Concepts of Frequency-Domain Resources
One subframe
 Resource Grid (RG)

– Physical-layer resource group, which is defined separately for ,
subframe
Nsymb OFDM symbols
max, RB
the uplink and downlink (RGs are defined for each k  NRB,
x Nsc 1
numerology).
– Frequency domain: available RB resources within the
transmission bandwidth 𝑁RB
N scRB subcarriers
block N scRB subcarriers

– Time domain: 1 subframe
 Resource Block (RB)
– Basic scheduling unit for data channel resource allocation in Resource Element
Resource element
Resource Grid N RB
the frequency domain

(k , l )
Resource Block
– Frequency domain: 12 consecutive subcarriers
 Resource Element (RE)
Resource
– Minimum granularity of physical-layer resources
– Frequency domain: 1 subcarrier
– Time domain: 1 OFDM symbol
k 0
l 0 l  14  2   1
In NR, an RB corresponds to 12 subcarriers (same as LTE) in the frequency domain. The frequency-domain width is related
to SCS and is calculated using 2µ x 180 kHz.
CO., LTD. Page 8
Distribution of Time and Frequency Domains DL&UL
Below an example of channels/signals distribution in time and frequency domain for DL and UL in 4:1 subframe
configuration (DDDSU).
D D D D U
D
Subrame 0 Subrame 1 Subrame 2

Slot 0: DL Slot 1: DL Slot 2: DL Slot 3: Mixed Slot Slot 4: UL Slot 5: DL
DMRS PDSCH UL
for w/wo (SRS) PUSCH
PDSCH PT-RS GP
DMRS
for
PUSCH
Short PUCCH
SS/PBCH
PRACH
PDCCH CSI-RS
with
DMRS
Long PUCCH
CO., LTD. Page 9
Distribution of Time and Frequency Domains DL for 8:2
Below an example of channels/signals distribution in time and frequency domain for DL in 8:2 subframe
configuration (DDDSU). In this case 8 SSB can be sent.
D D D D D D D D U
D U
D
Subrame 0 Subrame 1 Subrame 2

Slot 0: DL Slot 1: DL Slot 2: DL Slot 3: DL Slot 4: DL
CO., LTD. Page 10
Contents
3. Massive MIMO
CO., LTD. Page 11
5G Broadcast Beams 3D Shaping
• 5G NR improves the broadcast mechanism based on wide beams in the LTE era and uses
narrow beam scanning in polling mode to cover the entire cell.
• Benefits brought by narrow beams
› Direct the emitted energy at target users, increasing the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of
target users and improving the transmission success rate. Narrow beams are especially suitable to high
frequencies.
› Improve the system coverage and the coverage of control channels, increasing the cell radius.
Horizontal Beamforming Vertical Beamforming
CO., LTD. Page 12
5G Broadcast Beams Working Mechanism
NR broadcast beams are up to 8 narrow beams with different fixed directions in C band. The broadcast beam coverage of
the cell is completed by sending different narrow beams at different moments. By scanning each beam, the UE obtains an
optimal beam, and completes synchronization and system message demodulation.
#0
#1
#2
.
.
.
#N-3
4 slot x 2 SS block per slot
#N-2
#N-1
Time

For the initial cell search, the transmission period of the SSB is
20 ms and each transmission is complete within 5 ms.
Different SS blocks can be
 transmitted using different
The PBCH period is 80 ms, and the SSB is transmitted 4 times
beams.
within 80 ms.
3.5 GHz, SCS 30 kHz, SS block number L = 8
CO., LTD. Page 13
Scenario-based Broadcast Beams Application
Square scenarios High-rise buildings

• Beams providing wide
• Beams with wide vertical
horizontal coverage are used.
coverage are used to improve
the vertical coverage.
Business districts Inter-cell interference

• There are both squares and scenarios
high-rise buildings. Beams Massive MIMO cell • Beams with narrow horizontal
Neighboring cell
providing large horizontal and scanning range are used to avoid
vertical coverage are used. strong interference sources.
CO., LTD. Page 14
Scenario-based Broadcast Beams Application (8:2)
Horizontal Vertical
Horizontal Vertical SSB Max
Pattern Beam Beam Tilt Azimuth Typical Scenario Description
HPBW HPBW NUMBER Gain(dBi)
Number Number
There are 7 narrow beams sweeping in 105° in the horizontal plane and 2 in the vertical plane: 1 for narrow beam
0 105° 6° 7+1 2 8 -2~9 0 25 Square (default recommended) (no sweeping) + 1 wide beam covering the same area in horizontal plane
Narrow beam size is 15° in horizontal and 6° in vertical
There are 8 narrow beams sweeping in 110° in the horizontal plane and 1 in the vertical plane (no sweeping)
1 110° 6° 8 1 8 -2~9 0 25 Square
2 90° 6° 6 1 6 -2~9 -10~10 25 Interference
3 65° 6° 6 1 6 -2~9 -22~22 25 Interference
4 45° 6° 4 1 4 -2~9 -32~32 25 Building
5 25° 6° 2 1 2 -2~9 -42~42 25 Building
6 110° 12° 8 1 8 0~6 0 21 Medium building and coverage
7 90° 12° 6 1 6 0~6 -10~10 21 Medium building& interference
8 65° 12° 6 1 6 0~6 -22~22 21 Medium building& interference
There are 4 narrow beams sweeping in 45° in the horizontal plane and 2 sweeping in the vertical plane
9 45° 12° 4 2 8 0~6 -32~32 25 Medium building
10 25° 12° 2 2 4 0~6 -42~42 25 Medium building
There are 1 narrow beam in the horizontal plane (no sweeping) and 2 sweeping in the vertical plane
11 15° 12° 1 2 2 0~6 -47~47 25 Medium building
12 110° 25° 8 1 8 6 0 20 Square and high building
13 65° 25° 6 1 6 6 -22~22 20 High building &Interference
14 45° 25° 4 1 4 6 -32~32 20 High building
15 25° 25° 2 4 8 6 -42~42 25 High building
There are 1 narrow beam in the horizontal plane (no sweeping) and 4 sweeping in the vertical plane
16 15° 25° 1 4 4 6 -47~47 25 High building
CO., LTD. Page 15
Scenario modification example
Changing the broadcast beam configuration from scenario 0 (H105V6) to scenario 12 (H110V25), a UE placed as below
can report a different RSRP value and best beam ID change from 4 to 3.
3 4 5
2 6 3 4
2 5
1 7 1
6
0
0 7
H105V6 H110V25
CO., LTD. Page 16
Tilt and Azimuth Adjustment
• Digital tilt and azimuth adjustment is needed for the severe interference scenario, to reduce the overlapping or
overshooting and enable the beam to be directed to the user.
 Vertical coverage adjustment is supported in scenarios 0~12. The vertical coverage of broadcast beams can be entirely adjusted in
the unit of 1°through the parameter setting. In other scenarios, adjustment is not supported because the vertical scanning range
has reached the upper limit.
 Horizontal coverage adjustment is not supported in scenarios 0/1/6/12, because the horizontal scanning range has reached the
upper limit. In other scenarios, adjustment is supported
• Principle
 The adjustment range is based on the parameter setting. The parameter is substituted into the steering vector, which is multiplied
by the initial weight matrix to obtain the final steering vector, which is then sent to the baseband part.
The beam gain The beam gain Part of the

The beam gain is
decreases when is the greatest beam gain
the greatest decreases
the preset downtilt when the
when the preset
is not used. preset azimuth when the
downtilt is used.
is used. preset azimuth
is not used.
CO., LTD. Page 17
5G Downtilt concept
• A traditional LTE wide-beam cell has only one wide beam, and its downtilt is divided into mechanical downtilt and electrical downtilt.
• The downtilt of a cell using 5G MM beams is divided into Three parts: mechanical downtilt, preset electrical downtilt, adjustable
electrical downtilt.
• Mechanical downtilt
 Through the adjustment of mechanical downtilt, common beams and traffic beams are adjusted. In 5G RAN2.0, the mechanical downtilt
adjustment range is -20°to 20°.
• Preset electrical downtilt
 The preset downtilt of an antenna is a downtilt fixed inside the antenna, which affects traffic beams. Preset downtilt determine the best
coverage point in the entire envelope. In 5G RAN2.0, the preset downtilt for AAU5613 is 6°.
• Adjustable electrical downtilt
 The adjustable electrical downtilt affects the common beams.
CO., LTD. Page 18
Downlink Power Control – Maximum Cell Trasmit Power
 ReferencePwr calculation：
 ReferencePwr definition: power per RE of single channel;
 The ReferencePwr and the total transmit power of the cell can calculated by using the single-channel power
MaxTransmitPower (MO: NRDUCELLTRP) of gNB configuration.
 ReferencePwr = MaxTransmitPower - 10*log10（RBcell*12）(dBm)；

MaxTransmitPower indicates the transmit power per single channel，MO：NRDUCELLTRP；
Rbcell indicate total RB number base on the cell bandwidth, each RB contain12 RE；
 Total Transmit Power = MaxTransmitPower + 10*log10（NTx）(dBm)；

MaxTransmitPower indicates the transmit power per single channel，MO： NRDUCELLTRP；
NTx indicate the number of transmit antennas, configured by NRDUCellTrp.TxRxMode
Example：AAU5613，MaxTransmitPower configured as 347 (34.7dBm), Cell bandwidth 100M ；

So MaxTransmitPower = 34.7 dBm，total RB number (Cell bandwidth 100M) = 273，
ReferencePwr = MaxTransmitPower - 10*log10（RBcell*12）= -0.45(dBm)
Cell total transmit power =34.7+10log10(64)=52.76 (dBm)
CO., LTD. Page 19
Downlink Power Control – SSB Power
• Involved Channel：SSS/PSS/PBCH Vertical Beam Type Default Recommend
value
• Purpose of Power Control: Realize the static adjustment of SSB EPRE；
Vertical beams are not 0 dB
• Power Control Scheme：Static configure the Power offset relative to cell expanded
reference power: MaxSsPbchPwrOffset (MO: NRDUCellChnPwr)
Vertical beam (12 degrees) 3 dB
• Value of power control： Vertical beam (25 degrees) 3 dB
 If some area has weak coverage, set bigger SSB power offset to improve the SSB EPRE
compensation coverage.
 If some area suffer overshooting, decrease the SSB power offset.
• SSB EPRE calculation：
 SSB EPRE (dBm) = ReferencePwr + 10log10(NTx) + MaxSsPbchPwrOffset ;
NTx indicate the total channel number for the cell；
Example：AAU5613，MaxTransmitPower configure as 347 (34.7dBm),

MaxSsPbchPwrOffset = 3 dB.
So MaxTransmitPower = 34.7 dBm，total RB number (Cell bandwidth 100M) = 273，
ReferencePwr = MaxTransmitPower - 10*log10（RBcell*12）= -0.45(dBm)
SSB EPRE = -0.45 + 10log10(64) + 3 = 20.6(dBm)
CO., LTD. Page 20
Contents
3. Massive MIMO
CO., LTD. Page 21
Where is the Gain of Massive MIMO from?
 
Array Gain Improve
Array Gain
coverage

Diversity gain

Improve Improve
Diversity gain 
Spatial multiplexing capacity frequency
gain efficiency

Increase

Co-channel peak
Interference
interference throughput
reduction
reduction
• Array gain: improve the average SNR by coherent combination, based on the known channel status
• Diversity gain: improve transmission reliability and reduce the SNR fluctuation by repeated data transmission
• Spatial Multiplexing gain: taking advantages of the independence of spatial channels fading, to improve throughput by transmitting
multiple data streams simultaneously
• Co-channel interference reduction: restrain the interference and thus improve SINR
CO., LTD. Page 22
Beamforming Overview
• With beamforming, gNodeBs weight signals to form narrow beams towards target UEs. As a result, coverage
performance is improved and UEs are more accurately targeted.
CO., LTD. Page 23
Beamforming Procedure
1. Channel calibration: Ensures the reciprocity between TX and RX channels and consistency between channels.
2. Weight calculation: gNodeBs calculate a vector based on downlink channel characteristics, to adjust the shape
and direction of beams.
3. Weighting: gNodeBs use the vector addition function to add the calculated weight value and the data to be
transmitted. The amplitude and phase of signals are adjusted based on the calculation results.
4. Beamforming implementation: adjust the width and direction of beams.
3
RF-chain PA
Baseband
beamforming 1 64 PAs 2
RF-chain PA
64 TRXs architecture
4
CO., LTD. Page 24
1.Channel Calibration in Beamforming
 NR TDD uses the same frequency in the uplink and in the downlink. Strict reciprocity between the uplink and downlink
channel characteristics is impossible, due to the amplitude and phase differences between RF TX and RX channels.
 To improve the reciprocity between RF TX and RX channels, channel calibration is required.
 gNodeBs calculate the variations in the phase and amplitude of signals transmitted on each TX channel and each RX channel.
 gNodeBs compensate the phase and amplitude based on the calculations, improving the reciprocity between TX and RX channels.
Calibration between TX and RX channels
RF chain PA
Calibration between
Baseband … channels
RF chain PA
CO., LTD. Page 25
2.Weight Calculation in Beamforming
 To adjust the shape and direction of beams, the gNodeB calculates a vector based on downlink channel characteristics.
 The key to accuracy of weight calculation is the downlink channel characteristics.
 2 methods are available for gNodeB obtaining downlink channel characteristics, which adopted is self-adjusted.
 SRS weight: applied to cell center users
 PMI weight: guarantee the experience of cell edge users
 Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS allows downlink beamforming weight selection based on SRS or PMI.
Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS
CO., LTD. Page 26
3.Weighting in Beamforming
 During weighting, gNodeBs use the vector addition function to add the calculated weight values to the data to be transmitted,
including data streams and demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). The width and direction of beams are adjusted based
on the calculation results.
 The weighting procedure is as follows:
 Assume that noise, N, is generated when an input signal, x(i), passes through channel H. The output signal, y(i), is calculated using the
following formula:
y(i) = Hx(i) + N
 When weighting is applied, input signal x(i) is multiplied by complex vector w(i) to change the amplitude and phase of output signal y(i).
Output signal y(i) is calculated using the following formula:
y(i) = Hw(i)x(i) + N
Example: Dual-layer weighting
CO., LTD. Page 27
4.Beamforming Implementation
 Beamforming applies the interference principle.
 Beamforming uses the interference principle. The signal strength increases when two wave peaks intersect each other and
decreases when a wave peak intersects with a wave bottom.
 Without beamforming, the beam shape and lobe positions are fixed. When a UE resides between two beams, where is the
cell edge, the signals are weak.
 With beamforming, gNodeBs impose weighting on and adjust the transmit power and phase of the beams for signals to be
transmitted through each antenna dipole. This way, the beam shape changes and the main lobe is directed at target UEs,
improving the signal strength.
 Dynamic beam and Static beam

 A beam generated using SRS/PMI-based weighting is
called dynamic beam.
 Control channels and broadcast channels use
predefined weight values to generate discrete beams,
which are called static beam.
CO., LTD. Page 28
Downlink SU-MIMO Multiple Layers
 This function uses multi-antenna technologies to enable downlink multi-layer data transmission for a single UE.
 The maximum number of simultaneous data transmissions in downlink is 8 layers
 Max. Layer ≤ Min (gNB TX No., UE RX No.)
 As shown in the following figure, a 2T4R UE supports data transmission over a maximum of 4 layers in the downlink in the
case of a 64T64R gNodeB.
S1
S2
S3
S4
S1
S2
S3
S4 UE
gNB: 64TRX
UE: 2T4R
CO., LTD. Page 29
MU-MIMO Basic Concept: Pairing
 Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) allows for spatial multiplexing of the same OFDM time-frequency resources by
multiple UEs in uplink and downlink data transmission. This improves uplink and downlink capacity and spectral
efficiency.
 The selection of multiple UEs for MU-MIMO is called pairing. Currently, only PDSCHs, physical downlink control
channels (PDCCHs), and PUSCHs support MU-MIMO.
 UEs are paired for MU-MIMO based on the following principles:
 If the paired UEs have high SINRs and isolated beams, or if the paired UEs have high SINRs and their channels are close to
orthogonal, interference between the UEs can be effectively mitigated. In this situation, MU-MIMO increases cell capacity.
 If the UEs have low SINRs and the channels are strongly correlated, interference between the UEs cannot be effectively mitigated
and MU-MIMO may decrease the system throughput. Pairing of such UEs is not recommended.
CO., LTD. Page 30
Downlink MU-MIMO
 Spatial multiplexing for PDSCHs  Spatial Multiplexing for PDCCHs
 Downlink MU spatial multiplexing enables the gNodeB to send  Downlink MU spatial multiplexing enables multiple UEs to
data to two or more UEs using the same PDSCH resources, multiplex CCE resources.
thereby achieving spatial multiplexing gains.  This function increases the PDCCH capacity, CCE utilization
 This function improves spectral efficiency, and to some extent and saves CCE resources.
increases downlink throughput. In heavy-traffic scenarios, it also  Currently the PDCCH supports up to 4 layers for spatial
helps reduce the network load and improve user experience. multiplexing.
 Currently the PDSCH supports up to 16 layers for spatial
multiplexing.
CO., LTD. Page 31
Uplink Multi-Antenna Reception
 This technology enables gNodeBs to receive signals from a UE over multiple antennas. It enhances signal reception by
means of space diversity (diversity gains) and coherent reception (array gains).
Diversity gains: Array gains:

SNR becomes more stable after combination. Coherent reception improves the SNR.
 The procedure for uplink multi-antenna reception:

 A gNodeB receives SRSs from a UE over multiple antennas, estimates the uplink channel characteristics, and then sends DCI to the
UE, notifying the UE of the optimal PMI/RANK value.
 The UE uses the optimal PMI value to precode PUSCH data and transmits it.
 The gNodeB uses multiple antennas to receive PUSCH data, improving the SNR and stability of received signals, and increasing the
uplink user throughput.
CO., LTD. Page 32
Uplink SU-MIMO Multiple Layers
 This function uses multi-antenna technologies to enable uplink multi-layer data transmission for a single UE.
 A single UE can support simultaneous transmission of up to 4 layers in the uplink.
 Max. Layer ≤ Min (gNB RX No., UE TX No.)
 As shown in the following figure, a 2T4R UE supports data transmission over a maximum of 2 layers in the uplink in the
case of a 64T64R gNodeB.
CO., LTD. Page 33
Uplink MU-MIMO
 Uplink MU MIMO is implemented by spatial Multiplexing for PUSCHs
 2 or more UEs can send data to the gNodeB using the same PUSCH resources, thereby achieving spatial
multiplexing gains.
 This function improves spectral efficiency, and to some extent increases uplink throughput. In heavy-traffic
scenarios, it also helps reduce the network load and improve user experience.
 Currently the PUSCH supports up to 8 layers for spatial multiplexing.
CO., LTD. Page 34
Thank You.
Copyright©2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without
limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product
portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual
results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the
predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose
only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the
information at any time without notice.
Broadcast Beam pattern Configuration in SRAN13.1
Different broadcast beam patterns are for different scenarios:
 Below 6 patterns are supported in SRAN13.1 with AAU5612
Vertical Tilt Azimuth

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Max
Pattern Beam Adjust Adjust Typical Scenario
HPBW HPBW Beam Num Gain(dBi)
Num Range Range
1 110° 6° 8 1 ±9° - 24 Two-sector Network
2 105° 6° 7+1 2 ±9° - 24 Three-sector Network
3 90° 12° 6 1 ±6° ±10° 20 Four-sector Network
4 110° 25° 8 1 - - 19 Two-sector Network
5 65° 25° 6 1 - ±22° 19 Six-sector Network and have high-buildings
6 25° 25° 2 4 - ±42° 24 High-buildings
Note:
 All patterns are defined by horizontal/vertical HPBW (Half-power bandwidth)
 The HPBW is given based on simulation result, which may has some difference from the reality
 For example, there may be about ±5 degree error for horizontal HPBW, and about ±3 degree error for the vertical HPBW
CO., LTD. Page 36
Broadcast Beam pattern Configuration in SRAN15.0 (4:1)
Different broadcast beam patterns are for different scenarios.
AAU5612/AAU5613 in SRAN15.0 support 17 patterns.
Horizontal Vertical
Horizont Vertical Azimuth Max
Pattern Beam Beam Tilt range Typical Scenario
al HPBW HPBW adjust range Gain(dBi)
Number Number
0 105° 6° 7 1 -3°~15° 0° 24 Standard 3-sector coverage(Default recommended)
1 110° 6° 7 1 -3°~15° 0° 24 Non-standard 3-sector coverage(For site coverage optimization)
2 90° 6° 6 1 -3°~15° ±10° 24 Non-standard 3-sector coverage(For site coverage optimization)
3 65° 6° 6 1 -3°~15° ±22° 24 Non-standard 3-sector coverage(For site coverage optimization)
4 45° 6° 4 1 -3°~15° ±32° 24 Low buildings hotspot coverage
5 25° 6° 2 1 -3°~15° ±42° 24 Low buildings hotspot coverage(Smaller horizontal coverage)
6 110° 12° 7 1 0°~12° 0° 20 Standard 3-sector 3D coverage
7 90° 12° 6 1 0°~12° ±10° 20 Non-standard 3-sector 3D coverage(For site coverage optimization)
8 65° 12° 6 1 0°~12° ±22° 20 Non-standard 3-sector 3D coverage(For site coverage optimization)
9 45° 12° 4+3 2 0°~12° ±32° 24 Middle buildings hotspot coverage
10 25° 12° 2 2 0°~12° ±42° 24 Middle buildings hotspot coverage(Smaller horizontal coverage)
11 15° 12° 1 2 0°~12° ±47° 24 Middle buildings hotspot coverage(Minimized horizontal coverage)
12 110° 25° 7 1 6° 0° 19 Standard 3-sector 3D-MAX coverage
13 65° 25° 6 1 6° ±22° 19 Non-Standard 3-sector 3D-MAX coverage (For site coverage optimization)
14 45° 25° 4 1 6° ±32° 19 High buildings hotspot coverage
15 25° 25° 2+2+2+1 4 6° ±42° 24 High buildings hotspot coverage(Smaller horizontal coverage)
16 15° 25° 1 4 6° ±47° 24 High buildings hotspot coverage(Minimized horizontal coverage)
Note:
 All patterns are defined by horizontal/vertical HPBW (Half-power bandwidth).
 The HPBW is given based on simulation result, which may has some difference from the reality.
 For example, there may be about ±5 degree error for horizontal HPBW, and about ±3 degree error for the vertical HPBW.
CO., LTD. Page 37
8:2 Sub-Frame Harmonize with TD-LTE and Avoid Interference
Default NR Slot Arrangement : DDDSU NR Slot Arrangement : DDDDDDDSUU

3.5G 3.5G
NR D D D S U D D D S U D D D D D D D S U U
NR
0.5ms
G G G G G G G G
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P P P P P P P P
U U
1ms
3.5G
D D D S U D D D S U
TD-LTE
D D D D D D D D D GP GP GP U U
NR
LTE
CO., LTD. Page 38

5G Beamforming Follow-Up - 25!09!2018

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

5G Beamforming Follow-Up - 25!09!2018

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Security Level:

25/ September/ 2018

1. Overview on channels, signals and time-frequency resources

2. Broadcast beam management

Compared with a traditional wide-beam antenna, a Massive MIMO

Traditional Antenna Massive MIMO

Radio Front Radio Front

CSI-RS Used for uplink data demodulation and time-frequency

Downlink synchronization PSS/SSS

SCS = 120 kHz

 Resource Grid (RG)

block N scRB subcarriers

Subrame 0 Subrame 1 Subrame 2

Subrame 0 Subrame 1 Subrame 2

1. Overview on channels, signals and time-frequency resources

2. Broadcast beam management

Horizontal Beamforming Vertical Beamforming

3.5 GHz, SCS 30 kHz, SS block number L = 8

Square scenarios High-rise buildings

Business districts Inter-cell interference

The beam gain The beam gain Part of the

• Preset electrical downtilt

• Adjustable electrical downtilt

 The adjustable electrical downtilt affects the common beams.

 ReferencePwr = MaxTransmitPower - 10*log10（RBcell*12）(dBm)；

 Total Transmit Power = MaxTransmitPower + 10*log10（NTx）(dBm)；

NTx indicate the number of transmit antennas, configured by NRDUCellTrp.TxRxMode

Example：AAU5613，MaxTransmitPower configured as 347 (34.7dBm), Cell bandwidth 100M ；

Example：AAU5613，MaxTransmitPower configure as 347 (34.7dBm),

1. Overview on channels, signals and time-frequency resources

2. Broadcast beam management

 To improve the reciprocity between RF TX and RX channels, channel calibration is required.

Calibration between TX and RX channels

 The key to accuracy of weight calculation is the downlink channel characteristics.

 SRS weight: applied to cell center users

 PMI weight: guarantee the experience of cell edge users

Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS

 The weighting procedure is as follows:

Example: Dual-layer weighting

 Dynamic beam and Static beam

 The maximum number of simultaneous data transmissions in downlink is 8 layers

 Max. Layer ≤ Min (gNB TX No., UE RX No.)

 UEs are paired for MU-MIMO based on the following principles:

Diversity gains: Array gains:

 The procedure for uplink multi-antenna reception:

 A single UE can support simultaneous transmission of up to 4 layers in the uplink.

 Max. Layer ≤ Min (gNB RX No., UE TX No.)

 Currently the PUSCH supports up to 8 layers for spatial multiplexing.

Vertical Tilt Azimuth

1 110° 6° 8 1 ±9° - 24 Two-sector Network

2 105° 6° 7+1 2 ±9° - 24 Three-sector Network

3 90° 12° 6 1 ±6° ±10° 20 Four-sector Network

4 110° 25° 8 1 - - 19 Two-sector Network

5 65° 25° 6 1 - ±22° 19 Six-sector Network and have high-buildings

6 25° 25° 2 4 - ±42° 24 High-buildings

Default NR Slot Arrangement : DDDSU NR Slot Arrangement : DDDDDDDSUU

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

 ReferencePwr = MaxTransmitPower - 10log10（RBcell12）(dBm)；