ELECTIVES

RESEARCH PAPER
MIGRATION AND
DEVELOPMENT

ANUROOP BABU
TEJASEE
YASHASVI
 RESEARCH METHODS
MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT
The expansion of globalization has led to the relocation of may industrial activities.
This particular process has affected industrial districts and the settelments around it
in terms of development,real-estate growth and also heavy migration.

INTRODUCTION
Labour migration from rural to urban areas is a persistent feature of developing
countries like India.Mumbai and it’s neighbouring inidustrial areas like many big and
thriving cities has been attracting a large number migrants from all over the country.
A substantial chunk of the migrants belonging to working poor classes are unable to
enter into legal housing property in intenal parts of Mumbai. Chambarli being in
outskirts of Mumbai the cost of living is pretty much low and affordable for most of
the migrants.For the development of a region,migration can be a challenge and at
the same time an opputunity. If well managed, it is capable of representing positive
forces for development.For many people migration and mobility is a livelihood
strategy, such as for example states like UP,Bihar ,Orrisa, assam where a chunk of
population migrates to the major cities of India.This migration happens mostly dues
to economic reasons and contributes substantially to the economy by sending
earnings home. Facts,figures and research show that migration is a multi-
dimensional reality. The relationship between migration and development is complex
and accuarate research data is rather hard to find.

Definations and Terminology

Regarding the terminology in the area of migration and development, it is important
to understand the meaning of and differentiate between the following terms:
Migration is not defined.It is a population movement.
 Internal migration takes place within the borders of a nation state (e.g. from
a province, district or municipality to another), as opposed to international
migration where people are moving across borders.
 Forced migration is used to describe a migratory movement in which an
element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether
arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and
internally displaced persons, as well as people displaced by natural or
 environmental disasters/causes, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or
development projects such dams, roads, deforestation etc.).
 Economic migrant is a person leaving his/her habitual place of residence to
settle outside his/her country of origin in order to improve his/her quality of life.
 Regular migrant is a migrant who is in line with the immigration policies
requirements of countries of destination and transit, if applicable, i.e. a person
using regular and recognized migration channels.
 Irregular migrant or undocumented migrant is someone who, owing to
illegal entry or the expiry of his/her visa, lacks legal status in a transit or host
country. The term applies to migrants who infringe a country’s admission rules
or any other person no longer authorized to remain in the host country
(overstay). There is however no universally accepted definition

FACTS AND FIGURES ABOUT MIGRATION

Reasons to migrate
There are multiple reasons people migrate to industrial areas like Chambarli. The
reasons are often interlinked and overlapping. Very personal motivation and family
ties plays a role.In other cases it’s lack of livelihood. Many migrants coming from the
northern states come here due to unavailability of job oppurtunities and good
infrastructure in their native place.Development Research Centre on Migration,
Globalization & Poverty stated already in 2005 that inequalities are a major driver of
migration, whether in terms of access to opportunities and rights such as education
and training, of wages, working conditions, labor market opportunities, access to
natural resources or other reasons.
In case of Chambarli it is pretty evident the migration happens due to bad living
conditions in their native. The cost of living in Chambarli is pretty low. Chambarli has
a good transportation system which allows the workers to travel long distance for
work. There are many industries and institutions in and around Chambarli which is
leading to a real-estate boom.

FACTS AND FIGURES

 POPULATION-In Chambharli village population of children with age 0-6 is
316 which makes up 12.35 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio
of Chambharli village is 869 which is lower than Maharashtra state average of
929. Child Sex Ratio for the Chambharli as per census is 1026, higher than
Maharashtra average of 894.
 Caste Factor-Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 2.85 % while Schedule Tribe
(ST) were 1.68 % of total population in Chambharli village.
 WORKER POPULATION - In Chambharli village out of total population, 902
were engaged in work activities. 81.26 % of workers describe their work as
Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 18.74 % were
involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of
 902 workers engaged in Main Work, 19 were cultivators (owner or co-owner)
while 7 were Agricultural labourer. Most of the working population is male.
They work in the industries nearby or some other places like Vashi, Panvel.
96 percent male population is working out of which 4 percent work in their
own farm. 97 percent female population are housewives. 3 percent female
population work as teacher at schools nearby.

As observed in the case of Chambarli majority of the migration happens intra-

region.
Nearly 97 percent of women population doesn’t work. They also often face
double discrimination in the labor market, since their status as “dependents”
often limits their access to employment, social and health programs, and their
residence may depend on their relationship with an employed male partner.
On the other hand, education, work experience and economic independence
abroad can release women from traditional roles and enable them to exercise
their rights more effectively.

Relation between migration and development

There has been change in the housing typology after industrialisation and migration started
in Chambarli. “Migrant workers” have become an important resource in the global economy,
and not solely for employers and governments. Multilateral agreements, trade liberalization,
and advancements in communication and transportation have enabled flows of the country’s
poor into national labour migration systems, often mediated by a migration industry that
profits from providing services to employers and migrants.