DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
General Specifications
Volume 1
ZETDC STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS - TRANSMISSION LINES
TABLE OF CONTENT
Part 1
General Specifications
Index
1.0 T-S-01-001 Scope of Works
2.0 T-S-02-001 Administrative Requirements
3.0 T-S-03-001 General Technical Requirements
4.0 T-S-04-001 Design Criteria
5.1 T-S-05-001 Conductors SP
5.2 T-S-05-002 Earth-wire SP
5.3 T-S-05-003 Optical Earth-wire SP
6.0 T-S-06-001 Insulators SP
7.0 T-S-07-001 Hardware SP
8.1 T-S-08-001 Steel Towers SP
8.2 T-S-08-002 Steel Poles SP
9.0 T-S-09-001 Grounding SP
10.0 T-S-10-001 Construction SP
11.0 T-S-11-001 Environmental Requirements SP
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-01-001 Scope of Works Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 2
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Note: This chapter will be project specific and is included as a template only.
CONTENTS
1.1.1 SCOPE OF WORKS ......................................................................................................................2
1.1.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2
1.1.1.2 General .......................................................................................................................................2
1.1.1.3 Basic Technical Description of the Transmission Line ..............................................................2
1.1.1.4 Transmission Line Route............................................................................................................2
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-01-001 Scope of Works Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 2
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
1.1.1.2 Gener al
Short description of the project.
The works to be carried out under this Contract will comply with the document titled “ER-Powerline
Requirements” provided in the Instruction to Tenderers documentation
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.6.4 Invoicing...................................................................................................................................12
2.1.7 REPORTS ....................................................................................................................................13
2.1.7.1 Monthly Progress Reports ........................................................................................................13
2.1.8 DOCUMENTS TO BE PREPARED BY CONTRACTOR .........................................................13
2.1.8.1 General .....................................................................................................................................13
2.1.8.2 Outline Drawings .....................................................................................................................13
2.1.8.3 Detailed Drawings, Design and Specifications ........................................................................13
2.1.8.4 Design Computation and Final Design Data ............................................................................14
2.1.8.5 Parts Bills .................................................................................................................................14
2.1.8.6 Catalogue Cuts, Illustrations, Etc. ............................................................................................14
2.1.8.7 Installation/Erection Manual and Drawings .............................................................................14
2.1.8.8 Commissioning Manual ...........................................................................................................14
2.1.8.9 Operation and Maintenance Manual ........................................................................................15
2.1.8.10 Final Drawings .....................................................................................................................15
2.1.8.11 Processing of Drawings ........................................................................................................15
2.1.8.12 Procedure for Delivery of Documents ..................................................................................16
2.1.9 ENGINEERING DOCUMENTATION NUMBERING SYSTEM .............................................18
2.1.10 MEETINGS ..................................................................................................................................18
2.1.10.1 Progress Review Meetings ...................................................................................................18
2.1.10.2 Project Meetings ...................................................................................................................18
2.1.10.3 Design Review Meetings......................................................................................................18
2.1.10.4 Other Meetings .....................................................................................................................18
2.1.10.5 Calls for Meetings ................................................................................................................18
2.1.10.6 Minutes of Meetings .............................................................................................................18
2.1.11 FACILITIES AND SERVICES FOR THE EMPLOYER ...........................................................19
2.1.11.1 General .................................................................................................................................19
2.1.11.2 Facilities and Services for the Employer ..............................................................................19
2.1.12 TRANSPORT, PACKING, ETC. ................................................................................................19
2.1.12.1 General .................................................................................................................................19
2.1.12.2 Packing .................................................................................................................................20
2.1.12.3 Transport Marking ................................................................................................................20
2.1.12.4 Preparation for Shipping and Storage...................................................................................21
2.1.12.5 Shipping and Transportation to Site .....................................................................................21
2.1.12.6 Inventory List .......................................................................................................................21
2.1.12.7 Storage ..................................................................................................................................21
2.1.13 EQUIPMENT DESIGNATION (EQUIPMENT MARKING) SYSTEM (EDS) ........................22
2.1.13.1 Identification System ............................................................................................................22
2.1.13.2 Labels and Plates ..................................................................................................................22
2.1.14 CUSTOMS CLEARANCE ..........................................................................................................22
2.1.15 MISCELLANEOUS .....................................................................................................................22
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.1 GENERAL
2.1.2.1 Gener al
The Contractor shall have a well-organized Quality Assurance Program (QAP) based on ISO 9000 Series
(Quality System Model for Quality Assurance in design/development, production, installation and servicing)
to assure that items and services, including subcontracted items and services, comply with this specification.
All design, manufacturing, processing, testing and inspection operations affecting the equipment or material
shall be governed by Quality Assurance procedures in accordance with the directives of the ISO 9001
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
standards while the production and installation shall be governed by quality assurance procedures in
accordance with the directives of the ISO 9002 standards. These may be subject to surveillance by Employer
or Employer’s representative. A tentative QAP shall be submitted together with the tender.
Within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date of Contract, the Contractor shall submit six (6) copies of his
complete quality control and assurance procedures, manuals for review and approval by the Employer. The
manual shall include pro-forma checklists for all requirements of the Contractor’s quality control and
assurance program and those called for in this Specification.
The Quality Control and Assurance Program to be submitted shall include but not necessarily be limited to
the following:
a) Program requirements for Materials and Equipment Procurement and Manufacture with description on
design control, purchased material control, quality verification tools, manufacturing control, materials
and components selection, handling and packaging, etc.;
b) Program requirements for Equipment Production with detailed description on Quality Assurance
Organization of the Contractor, Quality Assurance Functions and Procedures and Performance
Monitoring;
c) Quality Assurance Program Tests with detailed description on the test procedures to be conducted.
d) Quality Assurance Program requirements for installation and commissioning (for Turn-Key Contracts)
with detailed description on Quality Assurance Organization of the Contractor, Quality Assurance
Functions and Procedures, etc.).
Prior to production, the Contractor shall submit to Employer a fabrication sequence describing inspection
and/or tests to be performed, for use in determining inspection points which Employer may desire to witness.
Employer will advise the Contractor prior to production of those fabrication steps and shop inspection points
that Employer desires to witness.
The Contractor shall give the Employer adequate notice, forty five (45) calendar days minimum, prior to
those fabrication steps and tests which the Employer desires to witness.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall ensure that all appropriate technical information is extracted from the Contract
documents and specifications and passed on to the subcontractors.
The Contractor shall ensure that all computer systems and software to be utilized on the project is qualified
for the application under consideration and such qualification is documented.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
During the course of the Contract, the Employer reserves the right to monitor the implementation of the
Contractor’s quality assurance program. Monitoring will be by means of surveillance of activities at the
work locations and where appropriate by formal audits. Representatives of the Employer shall be afforded
unrestricted access and facilities at all reasonable times to carry out this work to verify manufacturer’s
compliance with the established manufacturing, assembly, delivery, including installation and
commissioning schedules for Turn-key contract.
The Employer reserves the right to monitor subcontractor’s activities and the Contractor shall ensure that
subcontractors are informed of these requirements.
2.1.2.6 Recor ds
The Contractor shall generate records as required by the quality assurance system and quality plans.
Records, including audit reports shall be available for inspection by the Employer.
All records shall be concisely compiled, indexed and cross-referenced to the project contract number and
they were relevant subcontract numbers. They shall be clearly identifiable to the individual parts and
assemblies to which they refer.
Those records required by the Employer, as defined in the contract specifications and quality plans shall be
available at the time of delivery of the equipment. Such records shall include reports and certification in
respect of pressure retaining components together with general traceability records for all items through
certification and build documentation as a minimum. Six (6) copies of these records shall be supplied to
Employer with the exception of radiographic films where the original set of films shall be supplied.
All records generated during the course of the Contract, including those generated as evidence of effective
implementation of the quality assurance program of the Contractor and his subcontractors, shall be retained
by the Contractor for a minimum period of five (5) years from the date of contract completion. These records
shall be made available to Employer on request during the retention period.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.4.1 Or ganisation
The Contractor’s project organisation charts for management, control and execution of the Contract are as
included in the Tender.
The Contractor shall maintain up-to-date project organisation charts, which shall be submitted to the
Employer in the event of any changes.
The Contractor shall determine which job categories are of significance to safety, and qualification
requirements for such jobs shall be established.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The appointment, transfer and replacement of personnel to all key positions shall be subject to the
Employer’s prior approval. Key positions shall be on a full time basis, unless otherwise agreed with the
Employer.
Engineering and procurement personnel in key positions shall be committed to continue through the Contract
period in order to maintain continuity.
2.1.5.1 Gener al
The schedule hierarchy of the Project comprises the following 5 levels:
The Employer responsibility:
o Level 1 Overall implementation schedule
o Level 2 Project work plan
The Contractor responsibility:
o Level 3 Contract schedule
o Level 4 Contract detail schedule
o Level 5 The Contractor’s detailed work schedules.
The level 2 schedules contain a list of critical milestones for the project. Those relevant to this Contract are
given in the Technical Schedules and/or Appendix to Tender. These Contract milestones, which the
Contractor has an obligation to achieve, shall be the basis for the Contractor’s planning and scheduling,
progress monitoring and reporting.
The Contractor shall be responsible for planning and scheduling, progress monitoring and reporting at level 3
to 5 as described below. All schedules shall represent the total current scope of Works covering the whole
Contract period.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall prepare a bar chart identifying all activities, which cannot be performed without the
Employer's approval, and the need dates for the Employer's decisions.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.6.1 Pr ocedur es
Within 14 Days after Commencement Date, the Contractor shall submit to the Employer for review the
proposed procedures for:
• Accounting, financial control and invoicing, showing the Contractor's internal checks and control of
all transactions under this Contract, that the invoicing is reliable and accurate.
• Processing of Variations to the Works, including identifying, processing and documenting with
internal reviews, approvals and filing. Interface to other procedures shall be identified.
2.1.6.4 Invoicing
The Contractor shall on a monthly basis, in accordance with the Conditions of Contract, prepare and submit
an invoice to the Employer, with the number of copies as stated in the Technical Schedules, all with full
back-up documentation, in accordance with the standard invoice format.
The invoices shall specify the different categories of the Works and any reimbursable charges and state the
amounts due.
Value Added Tax (VAT) shall only be invoiced if applicable and shall be shown as a separate item. Invoices
not including VAT shall clearly state, "VAT not charged".
Valuation of each Variation to the Works shall be shown separately on the invoice, but in the summary
Variations shall be incorporated into the gross totals of the individual items and sub items.
Invoices shall be supported by the following documentation where relevant:
a) Subcontractor and supplier invoices certified as,
b) Originals of supporting documentation, except where the Contractor is required by law to
retain such originals, in which case certified copies shall be submitted,
c) Documentation of works and supply items invoiced in accordance with the format of the
Schedule of Quantities showing items, quantities and prices invoiced (i) this period, (ii)
previous period, (iii) accumulated and (iv) remaining
c) Written verification that the service has been performed or the Materials have been received,
and
d) Any other documentation the Employer requires to enable verification of the service or
Materials and the correctness of the invoice.
The Employer shall make payments to the Contractor on the basis of approval of the Contractor's invoice
submitted in accordance with the Conditions of Contract. Payment of invoices shall be deemed to have
occurred on the date the paid amount is debited from the Employer's bank account(s).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.7 REPORTS
2.1.8.1 Gener al
The general documents, calculations, certifications, manuals, drawings, etc., relating to the manufacturing
works, which are to be prepared during the detailed design by the Contractor are listed here below. The
Contractor’s attention is drawn to various sections of this Specification, where detailed contents of
documentation are specified.
The document numbering system applicable for the total duration of the Project and the related Contract
shall be in compliance to the drawing and documentation identification system as described in this
specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 14 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 15 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The instructions therein shall specify the exact procedures to be followed during commissioning of the
transmission line and shall indicate all data to be measured (and where appropriate recorded in the manual
itself) and all adjustments, setting of limits, sagging, tower/pole grounding resistance, etc., quantities,
dimensions and tolerances to be checked.
The Contractor shall submit six (6) copies each of the Commissioning Manual for each schedule to the
Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 16 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
b) They shall be submitted in at least six (6) copies printed with dark lines/letters on a light
durable paper;
c) All drawings, calculation sheets, etc. shall be folded down to A4 standard size acceptable to
the Employer.
Award of contract does not imply approval of drawings and data submitted by the Contractor with his tender.
The Contractor shall submit six (6) copies of all drawings, specifications and designs with all supporting
information to the Employer for approval. Two (2) copies will be returned to the Contractor with one of the
following marks:
“Reviewed”; this mark authorizes the Contractor to proceed with the Contract Work therein indicated.
“Reviewed as amended”; this mark authorizes the Contractor to proceed with the Contract Work therein
indicated taking into account of the notes and/or comments by the Contractor and re-submit the drawings,
specifications or designs for approval before commencing the Contract Work therein indicated.
“Returned for Correction”; this mark requires the Contractor to make the corrections indicated and re-
submit the drawings, specifications or designs for approval before commencing the Contract Work therein
indicated.
Approval of the Contractor’s drawings shall not be held to relieve the Contractor or any part of the
Contractor’s obligations to meet all the requirements of the specifications nor of the responsibility for the
correctness of the Contractor’s drawings.
When revised drawings or drawings which have been returned to the Contractor marked “Reviewed as
amended” or “Returned for Correction” are re-submitted for review, the revision block shall be completed
with description and date of revision and the appropriate revision letter or numeral which shall be clearly
indicated adjacent to the revision or modification which requires approval.
No revision affecting the design shall be made after the drawing has been “Reviewed” without re-submitting
the drawings suitably revised for formal approval.
The Employer will complete the review of the Contractor’s drawings within twenty (20) calendar days after
receipt at Employer’s Office. If within the twenty (20) calendar days, the Contractor has not received any
reply from the Employer regarding the approval drawings, the Contractor may proceed with the design and
manufacture of the particular components of either the transmission line structures, hardware and materials
as if the drawings have been approved.
2.1.8.12.3 Within forty five (45) days after the Effective Date of Contract:
Six (6) sets of:
o Design and manufacturing schedules
o Delivery, erection and commissioning schedules
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 17 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.8.12.4 Within sixty (60) days after the Effective Date of Contract :
Six (6) sets of:
o Outline drawings of the towers/poles, line hardwares and materials and conductors complete
with design calculation/computations and loadings
o Loadings of foundations for all items of towers/poles to be supplied and details of templates
and stubs
o Preliminary assembly drawings of the equipment with details of materials intended to be
used
o Delivery of all drawings related to civil works
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 18 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Project code
Sequence number
Country code
System code
Contractor code
Type of document
A = Letter (Alpha)
N = Number
A manual containing applicable codes will be submitted to the Contractor at Commencement Date.
2.1.10 MEETINGS
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 19 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.11.1 Gener al
The Contractor shall from the Effective Commencement Date until 30 Days after the issue of the Completion
Certificate, unless otherwise agreed, provide facilities and services for the Employer as indicated below.
All facilities and services shall comply with any statutory or mandatory rules and regulations that may apply.
Full records, plans, documentation, etc. shall be maintained to support these facilities and services.
Where the Works or any part thereof is proposed to be carried out in overseas countries, the Contractor shall
assist the Employer in obtaining any visa, work and/or residence permits for the Employer's personnel
assigned to such Sites and shall obtain suitable accommodation for such personnel at the Employer's request.
2.1.12.1 Gener al
The Contractor shall be fully responsible for all aspects of transport, packing, etc.
The responsibility shall lie on the Contractor whether the dimensions of his supplied equipment and
materials in a crate or in a box will be appropriate for loading, unloading and transportation to the Site.
The Contractor must at his own expense, conduct an ocular route survey of all roads, bridges, overpasses,
etc. from the Port of Entry to the Site and examine for himself the conditions of all roads and bridges.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 20 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall check the capacity and availability of loading and unloading facilities, which will be
utilised in connection with his transport operation, as well as its characteristics, taking appropriate measures
to avoid damaging the same. All costs related to the reinforcement of roads, bridges and the like, if any, shall
be borne by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall co-ordinate his own transport program and shall advise the proper authorities of the
transit of the heaviest items to be transported and shall comply with the instructions given by said authorities.
All damages caused to public roads, streets or public structures shall be compensated by the Contractor at his
own expense.
2.1.12.2 Packing
Each crate, box or package must have a packing list and in addition to the usual and customary marks, the
following identifying marks:
Project :
Contract No. :
Destination :
Case No. :
Gross Weight :
Net Weight :
Dimension : LxWxH
In addition, each crate, box or package shall be colour coded to aid the Employer in sorting materials for the
various supply items according to the colour codes as stated in the technical data sheets.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 21 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The materials listed shall consist of an itemisation of all materials furnished at the factory site.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 22 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall provide storage and handling instructions including descriptions for periodic inspection
and/or storage maintenance to ascertain that no deterioration will occur during storage. One set of these
instructions shall be fastened securely to the outside of the shipping unit.
The Contractor shall provide at the Employer’s request, the Contractor recommended instructions for long
term storage.
When equipment is specified for export shipment, the Contractor shall include packaging adequate for export
shipment, and this packaging shall be such as to obtain approval and acceptance by transportation
companies.
All equipment shall be shipped from the factory completely assembled as far as practicable, subject to the
limitations of length, height, depth, and weight, etc. described in the Conditions of Contract or in the
Technical Data Sheets for each of the equipment under this specification.
2.1.15 MISCELLANEOUS
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 23 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
2.1.16.1 Gener al
If required in the technical data sheets the Contractor shall provide overseas and local training courses for the
Employer’s personnel in English.
Training shall be geared towards the technical engineers and maintenance personnel of the Employer through
the transfer of technical knowledge.
Training overseas shall include classroom instruction courses conducted on the Contractors premises during
manufacture of the equipment and hands-on training to enable the Employer's personnel to manage, install,
test, commission, maintain, operate and service the transmission lines and its associated equipment on
completion of the Works in accordance with maintenance and operating procedures established by the
Contractor. All expenses in the overseas training shall be borne by the Contractor including airfares,
accommodation, transportation and allowances.
The training overseas shall not be more than one (1) month and shall commence at the latest, two (2) months
before the date of the main shipment of the equipment to be supplied. The training shall be organised for up
to five engineers from the Employer. They should be made able to see and study the equipment to be
supplied to the Employer.
Local training shall also be conducted for up to ten (10) of the Employer’s personnel for not more than one
(1) month. The Contractor shall provide adequate training documentation and local meals to the Employer’s
personnel. The Employer shall provide training room and any available test facilities.
Candidates for training selected from among the Employer’s organization should have basic relevant
qualifications. Their experience should be of a broad and general technical nature, including general
familiarity with electronic systems and testing facilities.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-02-001 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 24 of 24
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
ZETDC Standard Specifications Rev.: Draft
Transmission Lines Page 1 of 3
T-T-03 Technical Schedules - Preamble Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................ 2
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
ZETDC Standard Specifications Rev.: Draft
Transmission Lines Page 2 of 3
T-T-03 Technical Schedules - Preamble Date: Nov 2010
1. GENERAL
Tenderers/Contractors shall complete the following Technical Schedules and in addition provide the necessary technical
brochures, layouts and detail drawings.
Technical Guarantees Schedules shall contain data which shall be the basis for the contractual guarantees.
All other schedules contain preliminary data and information for better understanding of the Tender. Such data may,
subject to the approval of the Engineer, be modified during the detailed design phase. However, modifications which in the
opinion of the Engineer represent substantial changes of the intended function, quality and/or reliability of the Works will
not be approved.
In addition to the schedules, the Tenderer/Contractor shall submit with his Tender technical brochures, design calculations,
layout and preliminary arrangement drawings for the equipment and assemblies. In particular, the Tenderer/Contractor
shall include dimensioned drawings and weights for the different types of steel towers, insulator string assemblies and
those parts which influence the dimensions of the towers and Right-of-Way requirements.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
ZETDC Standard Specifications Rev.: Draft
Transmission Lines Page 3 of 3
T-T-03 Technical Schedules - Preamble Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3.1.1 SCOPE
3.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the general technical requirements applicable to tests, materials, workmanship and
standards involved in the design and manufacture of materials and equipment for overhead transmission lines
rated 88 kV and above. Supplementary requirements for the various line components are contained in the
appurtenant sections of the Specifications.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality design
assuming that all supplied and installed equipment and materials meet the requirements of this specification
and industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the designs used are in accordance with all standards and
applicable regulations and perform under the conditions and to the standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
3.1.2.1 Camps
The Contractor shall at all times provide adequate accommodation and facilities for his workforce, in
accordance with the Environmental Protection Requirements.
The Contractor shall obtain the necessary approval from the relevant authorities in connection with the
establishing of his camps.
Unless otherwise instructed or agreed, upon completion of the Contract, the Contractor shall dismantle and
remove all structures forming part of his camp, and shall arrange for the disconnection of utilities, remove
drains and culverts, backfill trenches, fill in all latrine pits, soak ways and other sewage disposal excavations,
with the exception of items and services which are required to revert to the ownership of the Employer or
which may be transferred to other contractors, and shall restore the site, as far as practicable, to its original
condition and leave it neat, tidy and stable to the approval of the Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3.1.2.4 Explosives
The Contractor shall provide suitable, safe and secure storage for explosives to be used, take all
responsibility during blasting operations, and observe all relevant laws and regulations.
3.1.3.1 Gener al
The Contractor shall provide a test specification covering all tests on Contractor’s premises. Successful
completion, as deemed by the Employer, of Inspection and Tests on Contractor’s premises shall be a
prerequisite to shipment of all materials, structures, conductors and hardware. Following successful
completion of inspection and tests on his premises, the Contractor shall obtain the approval to proceed with
the delivery of the structures, materials, conductors and hardware from the Employer in accordance with the
Technical Specification of the said items.
The objective of the test specification shall be to set forth the means, manner and circumstances in which to
verify compliance with the Contract requirements including all functional and operational performance
claims for the material, components, equipment, software or system made by the Contractor and/or the
original equipment manufacturer.
The test specification shall include a program for Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) and detail the following:
a. Requirements to be tested;
b. Step-by-step method of testing;
c. Expected results of tests.
Approval of the test specification/procedure will not prejudice the Employer’s right to order additional tests,
should the Employer deem, following approval but before his acceptance of the material, equipment,
software or system(s) for shipment, that certain conditions or combination of conditions were not foreseen in
the test specification, in order to demonstrate that performance requirements of this Specification have been
met.
Tests shall only be conducted with the aid and in accordance with test specification(s) and standards clearly
identified as approved for use by the Employer, and, where applicable, employ test instruments of suitable
quality calibrated to manufacturer’s recommendations by a reputable agency within the previous six (6)
months.
The Contractor shall provide for the expenses of unrestricted return airfare, hotel accommodation including
inland transportation at the Contractor’s country of origin for the Employer’s staff on factory acceptance
tests. The trip(s) for the factory acceptance tests will be carried out by at least two (2) of the Employer’s staff
unless otherwise indicated in the Technical Schedules of the equipment for a minimum duration of ten (10)
days test period or the duration of the tests as indicated in the Schedule of Timings submitted by the
Contractor. Costs for these expenses shall be included in the price for the particular equipment to be
witnessed by the Employer or his authorized representative(s).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the running and maintenance throughout the period when he
is carrying out work at the site, of all installations required.
The costs for running and maintenance of the temporary site installations together with any other running
costs necessary for the satisfactory execution of the Works, shall be deemed to have been included and
allowed for in his prices in the Schedules of Quantities.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall immediately advise the Employer should failures occur, take remedial action subject to
the Employer’s approval and proceed with the FAT as and when directed by the Employer. It shall be the
Employer’s prerogative to order a repeat of all such tests that he deems may have been affected by the
failure.
The Contractor shall ensure that during the test, all hard copies from output devices are retained and that no
outside parties interfere in any way with testing, equipment or test instruments, fixtures and jigs for the entire
duration of the FAT. Only the Contractor’s personnel who are needed on the testing of the structures and its
components shall be allowed in the test area. The Contractor shall appoint a chief-tester who shall be
responsible for conducting the test, ensuring at all times that the test instruments, fixtures, jigs and all other
equipment needed for testing and those of the Contractor’s personnel who in any way may contribute to the
test, including testers, specialists and maintenance personnel are available prior to the scheduled
commencement of each test or as and when instructed by the Employer.
The chief-tester shall also be responsible in ensuring that an accurate record of tests is kept and each
individual test is duly initialled and dated by the tester and marked either passed or failed with annotations of
antecedents and observations concerning the test. For each day of testing, the chief-tester shall submit to the
Employer the proposed disposition of each criterion that failed during the previous day of testing, prior to
commencement of the tests scheduled for that day. Tests witnessed by the Employer will be initialled
accordingly by him on the test record. The test record and dispositions, and any other pertinent supporting
data and documents shall form part of a test report to be submitted in accordance with the specification.
3.1.3.4.4 Field Tests
The Contractor shall perform field tests and acceptance tests on the various transmission line components in
order to determine whether the requirements of the specifications have been fulfilled. The Contractor shall
submit field tests and acceptance tests criteria to be performed to the Employer for review and approval. The
Contractor shall perform no tests unless approved and witnessed by the Employer or his authorized
representatives.
3.1.3.4.5 Waiver of Factory Acceptance Tests Witnessing / Inspection by Employer
Where Factory Acceptance Tests (FAT) to be witnessed by Employer’s representative(s) have been
required in the Technical Schedules of a particular transmission line component, the costs of witnessing
these tests shall be deemed included in the price for the transmission line component.
If however, the Employer opted not to witness the Factory Acceptance Tests, the Employer will issue a
Certificate of Waiver of Tests Witnessing/Inspection for the transmission line component and materials. In
such case, the Contractor shall proceed with the Factory Tests in accordance with the requirement of the
specification and the manufacturer’s test specification as approved by the Employer.
Issuance of the Certificate of Waiver of Tests Witnessing/Inspection for the transmission line component
required to be witnessed by Employer’s representative(s) however, shall not be construed by the Contractor
that the Employer is waiving its right for a claim on the costs of the Factory Acceptance Tests which are
supposed to be witnessed by the Employer’s representative(s). Such costs of Tests Witnessing shall be
deducted from the contract amount and shall include the following:
a. The cost of unrestricted return airfare amount (economy class) to be given by the Contractor and
approved by the Employer;
b. Daily Hotel Room/Lodging Rate in the amount of US$200.00/day per participant for a duration of ten
(10) days test period, and
c. Daily Travel Allowance of US$100.00/day per participant for a duration of ten (10) days test period.
Where Factory Tests are not required to be witnessed by the Employer’s representative(s) as indicated in
the Technical Schedules of the transmission line component, a Certificate of Waiver of Tests Witnessing/
Inspection will be issued also by the Employer. In this case, no claim whatsoever can be made by the
Employer on the Contractor as a result of waiving the Factory Acceptance Tests.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3.1.4 MATERIALS
All materials to be used under this Contract shall be new, the best of their respective kinds and free from
defects and imperfections. All materials shall comply with the latest revisions or editions of the specified
standards unless otherwise specified or permitted by the Employer. In particular, materials shall not be of a
quality inferior to the various standards specified for a particular component of the transmission line.
Materials shall conform to the most recently published standards listed in the specification for each Section
regarding the class or type of the materials. When other standards are used, the Contractor shall indicate the
equivalence between the materials used and the corresponding standard listed in the specification, and shall
obtain the approval of the Employer before starting the manufacture of the transmission line equipment and
materials.
Materials and finishes shall be suitable for the purpose intended and for the tropical conditions under which
the transmission line components are to operate.
The names of manufacturers of transmission line components contemplated for incorporation in the work
together with performance capacities and other significant information pertaining to the equipment shall be
furnished for approval. Equipment and articles installed or used without such approval shall be at the risk of
subsequent rejections.
3.1.6 WORKMANSHIP
Workmanship shall be of first-class quality and in accordance with the best modern practice for the
manufacture of high-grade line structures, conductors and hardware, notwithstanding any omissions from
this specification and drawings.
All materials supplied under this specification shall be unused, of recent manufacture, free of defects or
irregularities and the best available considering durability, strength and intended service suitability and the
best engineering practice.
All parts shall conform to the dimensions shown on, and shall be built in accordance with approved
drawings. The surface finish of all parts and components shall be in conformity with the respective strength,
fit and service requirements.
Like parts and spare parts shall be interchangeable whenever possible.
Machining of renewable parts shall be accurate and to specified dimensions so that replacement of those
parts fabricated or made according to dimensions so indicated in the drawings could be readily installed.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3.1.8.6 Cleaning
All excess weld materials, slag, splatter and flux residues shall be removed from the steel work.
3.1.9 STANDARDS
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards, codes or this specification, the Contractor shall refer
the conflict to Employer for written resolution before start of fabrication. Final decision regarding the
acceptance of proposed standards is the prerogative of the Employer.
No deviation from the accepted standards shall be made subsequent to the Contract without the written
approval of the Employer.
Standards listed in individual technical specification pertain mostly to IEC, ISO and ASTM standards as the
Employer’s references. Other internationally known standards however, shall also apply, provided such
standards are equivalent in all respect to the standard prescribed and to the specific requirements described in
the individual transmission line component specification. The Contractor shall submit copies of such
standards for the Employer’s review and approval. For any such standards, which are not written in the
English language, the Contractor shall make available copies of an English translation thereof.
The Contractor will be required to hand over to the Employer two copies of all approved Standards or an
English translation thereof.
Where the Contractor is not bound by the Contract to a particular standard or code, he shall, on request and
free of charge, furnish the Employer with two English language copies of the Standard or Code of Practice to
which he intends to supply materials or carry out work. Such copies shall be provided within 21 days of the
request being made.
Where no standards exist, as in the case of patented or special materials, all such materials and workmanship
shall be of the best quality, and full details of the material and any quality control tests to which they may be
subject shall be submitted to the Employer for approval.
The Contractor shall at all times keep copies of the specified standards and codes and all amendments thereto
available for reference and inspection at the site.
3.1.10.1 Gener al
In choosing materials and their finishes due regard is given to the tropical conditions under which the
transmission line components are to work. Only tropical grade materials should be used and shall be treated
and processed for delivery, storage and service under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, heavy
rainfall and mildew and fungus conducive environment.
Tropical grade materials and processes shall be in accordance with the best commercial and industrial
practices and shall be subject to the approval of Employer.
3.1.11.1 Gener al
All materials, hardware, equipment and other transmission line components to be furnished shall be capable
of withstanding the operating environmental conditions specified.
Special measures shall be taken such as the use of chemically inert parts and proper surface preparation and
paint application (where applicable) in accordance with this specification for transmission line components
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
installed at Site(s) with a corrosive atmosphere, to protect exposed metal parts and other materials
susceptible to chemical reaction.
Transmission line components susceptible to deterioration from climatic conditions or subject to the
formation of fungus or any other form of parasitic life shall preferably not be used, but if used and cannot be
avoided, these must be permanently protected.
3.1.12 CLEANLINESS
At time of shipment, the structures (e.g. towers, poles) and their components such as hardware, conductors,
insulators, etc., shall be thoroughly clean and ready for export shipment.
All waste such as metal chips or filings, welding stubs, dirt, rags, debris and any other foreign material shall
be removed from the interior of each component. All mill scale, rust, oil, grease, chalk, crayon or paint
marks and other deleterious materials shall be removed from all interior and exterior surfaces.
Solvent and heavy cleaning, if required, shall be performed in accordance with recognized standards.
Cleaning of stainless steel surfaces shall be performed with solvents, cloths and abrasive that does not
contain halide. Only stainless steel, clean, iron-free, hand or power tools and aluminium oxide abrasive shall
be used on stainless steel components. Materials used to clean carbon steel or cast iron shall not be used to
clean stainless steel surfaces.
3.1.13.1 Gener al
All parts of the work shall be protected against corrosion under service conditions. The protection shall also
prevent corrosion during transport, storage and erection.
Damage to the protection during transport, erection etc. and jointing shall be repaired to the same quality as
specified for the object.
3.1.13.3 Painting
The Employer shall approve the quality and colours as well as the application of the paints. The Contractor
shall submit detailed information, samples and the manufacturer’s recommendations for the paints for
approval. The painting shall be carried out in an efficient and workmanlike manner to the satisfaction of the
Employer.
All ungalvanised external surfaces except nuts, bolts and washers which may be removed for maintenance
purposes shall be painted as follows:
1. A primary coat of rust-inhibiting paint with minimum thickness 10µm (0.07 – 0.09 kg/m²)
2. Two coats of non-glossy oil and weather resisting paint, the second of which shall be applied
on completion of work tests with thickness 30µm (0.13 – 0.16 kg/m²).
The coats of paint shall have different colours.
After equipment has been erected, the priming paint shall be cleaned and repaired where necessary and two
coats of final paint shall be applied.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3.1.13.4 Galvanizing
Except where otherwise specified all ferrous parts shall be galvanized.
Galvanizing shall be applied by the hot-dip process and shall consist of a continuous coating to minimum
thickness as follows:
Average of Any Individual
Specimens tested Specimen tested
mm (g/m2) mm (g/m2)
a) Rolled steel exposed to
the atmosphere only t<5 mm 87 ( 610) 79 ( 550)
t>5 mm 95 ( 685) 87 ( 610)
The zinc coating shall meet the requirements according to ASTM A123, A153, A239 and A385, or relevant
BS.
All steel shall be fully fabricated before galvanizing, no machine or shop works, boring, punching etc. will
be allowed after galvanizing. Minor damage to the galvanizing resulting from transportation and the like
shall be repaired at site in an approved manner, e.g. by painting with an approved zinc-rich paint, containing
at least 92 weight per cent zinc powder.
After galvanizing all members shall be dipped in a dichromate solution bath to avoid formation of white rust
during storage and transportation.
Prior to bundling of towers, after galvanizing, all members shall be completely dry.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3.1.16 CEMENT
Cement for concrete shall be of ordinary Portland cement conforming to the BS standard or other equivalent
standard. Weathered or congealed cement, or cement more than six months old after production shall not be
permitted to be used unless otherwise approved by the Employer after quality test.
3.1.17 ERECTION
All erection work shall be planned and carried out in collaboration with the Employer taking into
consideration the stipulations of the relevant Safety Rules, and shall be to the approval of the Employer.
The Contractor's obligations with regards to the provision of Contractors’ equipment are set out in the
relevant Clauses of the conditions of contract. With regards to the supplies of electricity, water and
compressed air for use in the execution of the Works, reference is made to the relevant Clauses of the
conditions of contract.
The Contractor shall provide at the site during all erection work, such labour together with qualified
experienced supervision as shall be necessary for the erection work to the satisfaction of the Employer. All
the costs of the provision at the site of such labour and supervisory staff, together with all costs for the
provision of staff during loading and unloading of the Contractor's plant and equipment, shall be deemed to
have been included by the Contractor in his price stated in the schedules, and no extra payment of the above-
mentioned costs shall be required by the Contractor nor allowed by the Employer. For labourers/works
provided by the Employer, reference is made to the conditions of contract.
All plant shall be inspected during erection and shall pass such tests as are required by the Employer to prove
compliance with the requirements of the contract, notwithstanding earlier testing at the Contractor's
workshop.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-03-001 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 13
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall be responsible for the standardization of small equipment, materials and devices he
would supply. He shall arrange and perform the necessary coordination work with his manufacturers for the
purposes of such standardization.
All transmission line components or elements of mass production shall be standardized if possible. Such
components, parts and elements shall include, but shall not be limited, to the following:
o Bolts and Nuts
o Spacers
o Dampers
o Clamps (Dead End Compression Type or Bolted Type Strain Clamp)
o Cotter pins, keys
o All other hardware and materials necessary for a complete insulator string assembly
In order to achieve standardization with the transmission line components or elements to be supplied under
other contracts, the Employer reserves the right to impose upon the Contractor the type and brand of
preferred component or element.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
4.1.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
4.1.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
4.1.1.2 Services to be provided by the Contractor .................................................................................2
4.1.1.3 Services to be provided by Employer .........................................................................................2
4.1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................2
4.1.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
4.1.3 Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................................2
4.1.3.1 Conductor Clearances to Ground and/or neighbouring objects..................................................3
4.1.3.2 Phase Spacing .............................................................................................................................3
4.1.3.3 Phase to Earth Clearance ............................................................................................................4
4.1.3.4 Shield Angle of Overhead Earth Wire........................................................................................4
4.1.3.5 Current Rating and Short Circuit ................................................................................................4
4.1.3.6 Corona ........................................................................................................................................4
4.1.4 Mechanical Design .........................................................................................................................4
4.1.4.1 General .......................................................................................................................................4
4.1.4.2 Conductors and Earthwire ..........................................................................................................4
4.1.4.2.1 Wind Loads ........................................................................................................................4
4.1.4.2.2 Load Cases (LC or LE).......................................................................................................5
4.1.4.3 Steel Towers and Poles...............................................................................................................5
4.1.4.3.1 Wind Loads ........................................................................................................................5
4.1.4.3.2 Load Combinations ............................................................................................................6
4.1.4.3.3 Load Factors .......................................................................................................................6
4.1.4.4 Insulators and Fittings ................................................................................................................6
4.1.4.4.1 Wind Loads ........................................................................................................................6
4.1.4.4.2 Load Combinations ............................................................................................................6
4.1.4.4.3 Load Factors .......................................................................................................................7
4.1.4.5 Foundations ................................................................................................................................7
4.1.4.5.1 Foundation Loadings ..........................................................................................................7
4.1.4.6 Quality Assurance Requirements ...............................................................................................7
4.1.5 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................7
4.1.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................7
4.1.5.2 Data and Information to be Furnished with Tender ...................................................................7
4.1.5.3 Data and Information to be Furnished After Award of Contract ...............................................7
4.1.5.4 Data Submission Schedule .........................................................................................................8
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
4.1.1 SCOPE
4.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the general design criteria for overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality design
assuming that all supplied and installed equipment and materials meet the requirements of this specification
and industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the designs used are in accordance with all standards and
applicable regulations and perform under the condition and to the standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Voltage level (KV) In Substations (m) Across Roads (m) Across Railways (m)
11 2,75 5,8 10,5
22 2,75 5,8 10,5
33 2,75 5,8 10,5
66 3,00 6,0 10,9
88 3,20 6,1 11,1
132 3,50 6,7 11,5
220 4,50 7,0 12,4
330 5,50 7,3 13,4
420 5,50 7,3 13,4
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The specified clearance between line conductors and support steelwork shall be obtained on the assumption
that the conductor may leave the suspension clamp at any angle between 0° and 20° to the horizontal
measured from the plane of the clamp.
Under the specified wind loadings, it shall be assumed that the jumper loops will swing transversely through
an angle not greater than that stated in the Technical Schedules. To ensure this, each complete jumper may
be provided with jumper weights if necessary. Where jumper insulator sets are to be provided these may be
equipped with weights and be to the approval of the Engineer.
4.1.4.1 Gener al
For the overall design basis the IEC 60826 "Design Criteria of overhead transmission lines" for the security
class as specified in the Technical Schedules has been selected.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The wind speeds (W t ), drag factors (C t ) and height factors (H t ) are stated in the Technical Schedules.
Tower loadings should be calculated according to IEC 60826 with wind and temperature loading for:
(i) Normal transverse (conductor on whole of wind span, insulator strings on projected area and tower
steel on projected area).
(ii) Vertical loads (weight of conductors and earth wires over the weight span, weight of conductors and
earth wires over the uplift span and tower weight taken at 100%).
Special loading will apply without wind load at minimum temperatures (broken wire, either one
conductor phase or the earth wire and erection loads as per IEC).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
(All fittings shall at least have the same ultimate strength as that of the insulators)
4.1.4.5 Foundations
4.1.4.5.1 Foundation Loadings
Foundations shall be designed for all loads transferred from poles/towers with the same load combinations as
for towers, weight of poles/towers and the relevant soil parameters and with an additional safety factor F f as
stated in the Technical Schedules.
The lattice steel towers shall have a safety factor F o against overturning / uprooting as stated in the
Technical Schedules.
Calculations shall be made according to recognized methods for design of eccentric loaded foundations.
4.1.5.1 Gener al
The Contractor’s furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data. The accuracy of
such information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by the Employer are
the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
All information submitted as part of Tender Data will become part of the Contract data for the successful
Tenderer. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer's approval.
4.1.5.3 Data and Information to be Fur nished After Awar d of Contr act
The following shall be submitted after award of Contract:
a. Design and Quality Conformance Reports;
b. Drawings, instructions and other reference material for the specified design tasks.
f. Detailed QA Program based on ISO 9001;
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-04-001 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS SP
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS
CONTENTS
5.1.1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................2
5.1.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
5.1.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
5.1.1.3 Works to be provided by the Employer ......................................................................................2
5.1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................2
5.1.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
5.1.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................3
5.1.3.1 Design Requirements .................................................................................................................3
5.1.3.1.1 General ...............................................................................................................................3
5.1.3.2 Greases .......................................................................................................................................4
5.1.3.3 Manufacturing Requirements .....................................................................................................4
5.1.3.3.1 Stranding ............................................................................................................................4
5.1.3.3.2 Joints...................................................................................................................................4
5.1.3.3.3 Surface Condition ...............................................................................................................4
5.1.3.4 Materials and Workmanship.......................................................................................................4
5.1.3.5 Stress-Strain and Creep Data ......................................................................................................4
5.1.3.6 Compression Dead End and Splices ...........................................................................................5
5.1.3.6.1 General ...............................................................................................................................5
5.1.3.6.2 Sleeves for Conductor ........................................................................................................5
a) Mid-Span Joint Sleeves ..............................................................................................................5
b) Jumper Sleeve.............................................................................................................................5
b) Repair Sleeve ..............................................................................................................................5
5.1.3.7 Additional Requirements ............................................................................................................5
5.1.3.8 Tools ...........................................................................................................................................5
5.1.3.9 Conductor Reels .........................................................................................................................6
5.1.3.10 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.....................................................................................6
5.1.3.11 Quality Assurance Requirements ...........................................................................................7
5.1.4 INSTALLATION ...........................................................................................................................7
5.1.5 TESTS ............................................................................................................................................7
5.1.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................7
5.1.5.2 Shop Tests ..................................................................................................................................8
5.1.5.3 Design Tests ...............................................................................................................................8
5.1.5.4 Quality Conformance Tests ........................................................................................................8
5.1.5.5 Test Reports................................................................................................................................8
5.1.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................8
5.1.6.1 General .......................................................................................................................................8
5.1.6.2 Data and Information to be Furnished with the Tender..............................................................8
5.1.6.3 Data and Information to be Furnished After Award of Contract ...............................................9
5.1.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .........................................................................................................9
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.1.1 SCOPE
5.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for AAC (All Aluminium Conductors),
AAAC (All Aluminium Alloy Conductors), ACAR (Aluminium Conductors - Alloy Reinforced), ACS
(Aluminium Clad Steel), ACSR (Aluminium Conductors Steel Reinforced), AACSR (Aluminium Alloy
Conductors Steel Reinforced, ACSR/ACS (Aluminium Conductors Aluminium Clad Steel Reinforced)
AACSR/ACS (Aluminium Alloy Conductors Aluminium Clad Steel Reinforced) Conductors and their
respective splice materials and splice installation tools, for the use in switchyards, substations and overhead
transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear the full responsibility that the conductors have been designed and manufactured in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the conditions and to the
standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
These codes and standards set forth the minimum requirements which may be exceeded by the Contractor if,
in the Contractor's judgment and Employer's acceptance, superior or more economic designs or materials are
available for successful and continuous operation of the Contractor's materials as required by this
specification.
In addition to the applicable standards, the Contractor shall comply with applicable national and local laws,
codes, regulations, statutes and ordinances.
The materials and services furnished shall comply with and not prevent the Employer's compliance with all
applicable standards of the local codes.
It is the intent of this specification to allow supply of conductors according to IEC Standards. If the
Contractor customarily produces the specified conductor(s) of national standards other than mentioned, the
Contractor shall describe the equivalences and/or differences of such standards with his Tender. For any such
standards, which are not written in the English language, the Contractor shall make available copies of an
English translation thereof. In any event, the Contractor shall list all those standards he proposes to use in the
supply of the specified conductor(s).
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards or theses specifications, the Contractor shall refer the
conflict to the Employer for written resolution.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.1.3.2 Gr eases
When so specified in the Technical Schedules, the conductor(s) shall be protected by high melting point
grease in accordance with IEC 61394. This inhibitor shall be applied as specified in the Technical
Schedules.
(1) Steel core only. The grease shall be applied to fully fill the inner and outer interstices of
the conductor steel wire core only.
(2) Full conductor. The grease shall be applied to fully fill all interstices of the complete
conductor (steel core and aluminium layer(s)).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The required stress-strain coefficients apply to a polynomial of 4th order (which describes the applicable
initial and creep stress-strain curves) of the form
Y = A0 + A1*X + A2*X2 + A3*X3 + A4*X4,
where Y is the stress in N/mm2 times HA or HS, as applicable, and X is the percent elongation. (HA and HS
are the cross-sectional area ratios of outer layers and core layers, respectively, to the total conductor). For the
final stress-strain curve Y is a straight line in function of X and a slope of the corresponding A1.
Y = A1*X
5.1.3.8 Tools
If splicing tools are specified in the Technical Schedules, the Contractor shall supply such tools and
pertinent information.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
If, in the opinion of the Contractor, the quantities of the specified tools are not adequate to make the
necessary splices or compression dead-ends in the specified conductor(s), the Contractor shall offer the
appropriate quantities of tools and provide an explanation in the Technical Schedules.
The Contractor shall provide, apart from instructions requested in paragraph 5.1.3.6, instructions for the
proper operation, maintenance and calibration of the compressor(s) and the use and storage of die(s).
If comealongs are specified in the Technical Schedules, the Contractor shall supply such tools and
pertinent information. The specified comealongs should be properly sized and must be adequate enough to
properly hold the specified conductor(s). The Contractor shall provide, apart from instructions requested in
paragraph 5.1.3.6, instructions for the proper use, maintenance and storage of the comealong(s).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
(*)
Reels shall be marked consecutively from a production run to permit the Employer to
match conductors for parallel stringing of conductor bundles, as applicable.
5.1.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Employer or the Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and
monitored by the Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation and
stringing methods, proper handling and storage, stringing methods and performance records, etc., shall be
furnished for the Employer’s review and approval.
5.1.5 TESTS
5.1.5.1 Gener al
All materials shall comply with the test criteria, and the Employer's acceptance of the conductors and
accessories shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the requirements of this
specification.
The Contractor shall carry out at his own expense all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of conductors in accordance with IEC Standards.
Conductors shall be given the manufacturer's routine shop tests and quality conformance tests and shall be
witnessed by the Employer or his authorized representative(s) unless waived in writing. No conductors shall
be shipped until released for shipment by the Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor shall make all preparations for tests and provide the test apparatus and personnel and shall
notify the Employer the date of the tests to be witnessed in accordance with the requirements of this
specification.
5.1.6.1 Gener al
The Contractor’s furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted
performance interface requirements and installation/stringing features of all Contractors' furnished materials.
The accuracy of such information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by
the Employer are the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
All information submitted as part of the Tender data will become part of the Contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data will require the approval of the Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-001 CONDUCTORS Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
g. Detailed list of all exceptions and/or deviations taken by the Contractor to the requirements
of this specification or, if none are taken, a statement indicating that no exceptions or
deviations are taken by the Contractor.
5.1.6.3 Data and Information to be Fur nished After Awar d of Contr act
The following shall be submitted after award of Contract:
a. Design Test and Quality Conformance Test reports;
b. Drawings, instructions and other reference material for the specified splicing materials and
installation tools and materials;
c. Drawings, instructions and other reference material for the stringing/installation methods of
conductors;
d. Sag tension charts and templates for the conductor specified;
e. Details of Conductor reels;
f. Detailed QA Program based on ISO 9001;
g. Detailed Project Progress and Performance Review (PPR) for the conductor;
h. As-built drawings as finally approved.
The Contractor shall furnish in the manner, number of copies and within the time set forth in the Contract,
instruction manuals in accordance with the requirements of the Contract. The Contractor shall furnish
information indicating recommended maintenance practice, approximate time required for routine
maintenance, and tools required for maintenance.
The Contractor shall provide the required installation instructions and technical data for proper installation.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
T-S-05-002 EARTHWIRE SP
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
5.2.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
5.2.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
5.2.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
5.2.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................2
5.2.2 CODES. AND STANDARDS .......................................................................................................2
5.2.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
5.2.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................3
5.2.3.1 Design Requirements .................................................................................................................3
5.2.3.1.1 General ...............................................................................................................................3
5.2.3.2 Greases .......................................................................................................................................3
5.2.3.3 Manufacturing Requirements .....................................................................................................3
5.2.3.3.1 Stranding ............................................................................................................................3
5.2.3.3.2 Joints...................................................................................................................................3
5.2.3.3.3 Surface Condition ...............................................................................................................3
5.2.3.4 Materials and Workmanship.......................................................................................................4
5.2.3.5 Stress-Strain and Creep Data ......................................................................................................4
5.2.3.6 Compression Dead End and Splices ...........................................................................................4
5.2.3.6.1 General ...............................................................................................................................4
5.2.3.6.2 Sleeves for Earth wire ........................................................................................................4
a) Mid-Span Joint Sleeves ..............................................................................................................4
b) Jumper Sleeve.............................................................................................................................5
b) Repair Sleeve ..............................................................................................................................5
5.2.3.7 Additional Requirements ............................................................................................................5
5.2.3.8 Tools ...........................................................................................................................................5
5.2.3.9 Earth wire Reels .........................................................................................................................5
5.2.3.10 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.....................................................................................5
5.2.3.11 Quality Assurance Requirements ...........................................................................................6
5.2.4 INSTALLATION ...........................................................................................................................7
5.2.5 TESTS ............................................................................................................................................7
5.2.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................7
5.2.5.2 Shop Tests ..................................................................................................................................7
5.2.5.3 Design Tests ...............................................................................................................................7
5.2.5.4 Quality Conformance Tests ........................................................................................................7
5.2.5.5 Tests Reports ..............................................................................................................................7
5.2.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................8
5.2.6.1 General .......................................................................................................................................8
5.2.6.2 Data and Information to be Furnished With Proposal ................................................................8
5.2.6.3 Data and Information to be Furnished After Award of Contract ...............................................8
5.2.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .........................................................................................................9
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.2.1 SCOPE
5.2.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for galvanized steel wires (GSW) and
aluminium-clad steel (ACS) wires and their respective splice materials and splice installation tools, for use
as Overhead Earth Wires in switchyards, substations and overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
Where the earth wires include all aluminium or aluminium alloy wires the Conductor Specification T-S-05-
001 shall apply.
For earth wires with optical fibres embedded the Optical Earth Wire Specification T-S-05-003 shall apply.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the earth wires have been designed and manufactured in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the conditions and to the
standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/suppliers a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.2.3.2 Gr eases
When so specified in the Technical Schedules, the earth wires shall be protected by high melting point
grease in accordance with IEC 61394. This inhibitor shall be applied as specified in the Technical
Schedules.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
b) Jumper Sleeve
The jumper sleeve shall be made of aluminum alloy. The tensile strength of the finished joint must be no
more than 30 percent of the ultimate breaking strength of the earth wire.
b) Repair Sleeve
The repair sleeve shall be made of aluminum alloy.
5.2.3.8 Tools
If splicing tools are specified in the Technical Schedules, the Contractor shall supply such tools and
pertinent information.
If, in the opinion of the Contractor, the quantities of the specified tools are not adequate to make the
necessary splices or compression dead-ends in the specified earth wire(s), the Contractor shall offer the
appropriate quantities of tools and provide an explanation in the Technical Schedules.
The Contractor shall provide, apart from instructions requested in paragraph 5.1.3.6, instructions for the
proper operation, maintenance and calibration of the compressor(s) and the use and storage of die(s).
If comealongs are specified in the Technical Schedules, the Contractor shall supply such tools and pertinent
information. The specified comealongs should be properly sized and must be adequate enough to properly
hold the specified earth wire(s). The Contractor shall provide, apart from instructions requested in paragraph
5.1.3.6, instructions for the proper use, maintenance and storage of the comealong(s).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
(*)
Reels shall be marked consecutively from a production run to permit the Employer to
match earth wires for parallel stringing of earth wire bundles, as applicable.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.2.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and monitored by the
Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor such as for turn-key contracts, complete details of installation and
stringing methods, proper handling and storage, stringing methods and performance records, etc. shall be
furnished for the Employer’s review and approval.
5.2.5 TESTS
5.2.5.1 Gener al
All materials shall comply with test criteria, and Employer acceptance of the earth wires and accessories
shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the requirements of this specification.
The Contractor shall carry out at his own expense all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of earth wires in accordance with ASTM or equivalent IEC Standards.
Earth wires shall be given the manufacturer's routine shop tests and quality conformance tests and shall be
witnessed by the Employer or his authorized representative unless waived in writing. No earth wires shall be
shipped until released for shipment by the Employer.
The Contractor shall make all preparations for tests and provide the test apparatus and personnel and shall
notify the Employer the date of the tests to be witnessed forty five (45) days in advance.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.2.6.1 Gener al
The Contractor’s furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted
performance interface requirements and installation/stringing features of all Contractors' furnished materials.
The accuracy of such information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by
the Employer are the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
All information submitted as part of Proposal Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer's approval.
5.2.6.3 Data and Information to be Fur nished After Awar d of Contr act
The following shall be submitted after award of Contract:
a. Design Test and Quality Conformance Test reports;
b. Drawings, instructions and other reference material for the specified splicing
materials and installation tools and materials;
c. Drawings, instructions and other reference material for the stringing/installation
methods of earth wires;
d. Sag-tension charts and templates for the earth wire specified;
e. Details of Earth wire reels;
f. Detailed QA Program based on ISO 9001;
g. Detailed Project Progress and Performance Review (PPR) for the earth wire;
h. As-built drawings as finally approved.
The Contractor shall furnish in the manner, number of copies and within the time set forth in the Contract,
instruction manuals in accordance with the requirements of the Contract.
The Contractor shall furnish information indicating recommended maintenance practice, approximate time
required for routine maintenance, and tools required for maintenance.
The Contractor shall provide the required installation instructions and technical data for proper installation.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-002 OVERHEAD EARTH WIRES Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 9
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
5.3.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
5.3.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
5.3.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
5.3.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................2
5.3.2 CODES. AND STANDARDS .......................................................................................................2
5.3.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
5.3.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................3
5.3.3.1 Description of Services...............................................................................................................3
5.3.3.2 Design Requirements .................................................................................................................3
5.3.3.3 Materials and Workmanship.......................................................................................................7
5.3.3.4 Stress-Strain and Creep Data ......................................................................................................7
5.3.3.5 Sag/Tension Data .......................................................................................................................8
5.3.3.6 Tools ...........................................................................................................................................8
5.3.3.7 OPGW Reels ..............................................................................................................................8
5.3.3.8 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.........................................................................................8
5.3.3.9 Quality Assurance Requirements .............................................................................................10
5.3.3.10 Other Technical Requirements for OPGW...........................................................................10
5.3.4 INSTALLATION .........................................................................................................................10
5.3.5 TESTS ..........................................................................................................................................10
5.3.5.1 General .....................................................................................................................................10
5.3.5.2 Cable Tests ...............................................................................................................................10
5.3.5.3 Fibre Tests ................................................................................................................................12
5.3.5.4 Field Tests ................................................................................................................................15
5.3.5.5 Test Reports..............................................................................................................................15
5.3.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................15
5.3.6.1 General .....................................................................................................................................15
5.3.6.2 Data and Information to be Submitted with the Tender ...........................................................15
5.3.6.3 Data and Information to be Submitted After Award of Contract .............................................15
5.3.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .......................................................................................................16
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.3.1 SCOPE
5.3.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for Composite Overhead Earth (Ground)
Wires with Optical Fibres (OPGW) and their accessories, attachments, splice materials and splice installation
tools, for use on overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear the full responsibility that the OPGW have been designed and manufactured in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the conditions and to the
standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
These codes and standards set forth minimum requirements which may be exceeded by the Contractor if, in
the Contractor's judgment and the Employer's acceptance, superior or more economic designs or materials
are available for successful and continuous operation of the Contractor's materials as required by this
specification.
In addition to the applicable standards, the Contractor shall comply with applicable national and local laws,
codes, regulations, statutes and ordinances.
The materials and services furnished shall comply with and not prevent the Employer's compliance with all
applicable standards of the local codes.
It is the intent of this specification to allow supply of optical earth wires according to International Standards
(IEC, ISO, etc.). If the Contractor customarily produces the specified optical earth wires of national
standards other than mentioned, the Contractor shall describe the equivalences and/or differences of such
standards with his Tender. For any such standards, which are not written in the English language, the
Contractor shall make available copies of an English translation thereof. In any event, the Contractor shall list
all those standards he proposes to use in the supply of the specified optical earth wire.
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards or theses specifications, the Contractor shall refer the
conflict to the Employer for written resolution.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The number, diameter and cross-sectional areas of the aluminium-clad steel wires and the number of optical
fibres shall comply with the requirements listed in the Technical Schedules.
5.3.3.2.2 Basic Construction
General
The cable construction shall conform to the applicable requirements of this specification as well as
applicable clauses of IEC 1089 related to stranded conductors.
The basic construction shall have bare concentric-lay stranded metallic wires with the outer layer having left-
hand lay unless otherwise specified in the Technical Schedules. The stranded wires may be of multiple
layers with a combination of various metallic wires within each layer. The direction of lay shall be reversed
in successive layers with the direction of the external layer being left hand. The type of metallic wire that
will be used shall be as stated in the Technical Schedules.
The overhead ground wire shall be so stranded that when the complete OPGW is cut, the individual wires
can be readily regrouped and then held in place by one hand. For multilayer wires, the wires in each layer
shall be evenly and closely stranded around the underlying wire(s). The tension in individual wires in a layer
shall be sufficient to hold each wire firmly in place with only enough strand separation to prevent crowding
at the time of stranding and during installation.
The completed cable shall be uniformly cylindrical and shall withstand all handling during manufacture,
shipping and installation without being deformed from its cylindrical form in such a way as to cause
detrimental forces and stresses and/or damage to the encased optical fibres.
The make-up and lay of wires shall be such as to produce a cable essentially free from a tendency to untwist
or spring apart when cut.
The completed composite overhead ground wires with optical fibre (OPGW) shall be smooth, free from nick,
burrs, aluminium, zinc or steel particles, dirt and excessive die grease. The wire shall be absolutely free of
copper dust and copper particles.
The finished wires shall contain no joints or splices unless otherwise approved by the Employer.
Breaking Strength
The rated breaking strength of the completed OPGW shall be taken as no more than 90% of the sum of the
rated breaking strengths of the individual wires, calculated from their nominal diameter and the specified
minimum tensile strength.
The rated breaking strength shall not include the strength of the optical unit. The fibre optic unit shall not be
considered a load bearing tension member when determining the total rated breaking strength of the OPGW.
5.3.3.2.3 Central Fibre Optic Unit
General
The central fibre optic unit shall be designed to house and protect multiple buffered optical fibre units from
damage due to forces such as crushing, bending, twisting, tensile stress, moisture and water/moisture ingress.
The central fibre optic unit and the outer stranded metallic conductors shall serve together as an integral unit
to protect the optical fibres from degradation due to vibration and galloping, wind loading, wide temperature
variations, lightning and fault current, as well as environmental effects, which may produce hydrogen.
Depending on the requirements stated in the Technical Schedules, the central fibre optic unit encasing the
optical fibres should be an aluminium tube, channelled aluminium rod or a stainless steel tube.
For an aluminium and/or stainless steel tube, it may be fabricated as a seamless extruded tube, seam welded
or a tube without a welded seam.
For an aluminium rod, it may be fabricated with one or more channels or grooves and formed into a helix to
house the optical fibres. An outer protective shield may be applied around the rod such as an aluminium tube
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
or a helically applied overlapping aluminium tape to provide an additional mechanical and environmental
barrier.
Filling Compound
The interstices of the fibre optic unit and cable shall be filled with a suitable compound to prohibit any
moisture ingress from outside or any water longitudinal migration along the fibre optic unit or along the fibre
optic cable. The water tightness of the cable shall meet or exceed the test performance criteria as per IEC
60794. The filling compound to be used shall be compatible with all the components it may come in contact
with and shall absorb and/or inhibit generation of hydrogen within the cable.
The filling compound shall not affect the colour of the primary or secondary coating, or encapsulates
commonly used in splice enclosures, shall be easily removed from the secondary coating with a non-toxic
cleaning solvent. The filling compound used shall be a non-toxic homogenous waterproofing gel that is free
of dirt and foreign matter, non-hygroscopic, electrically non-conductive, non-nutritive to fungus, free from
all smell and shall not affect human skin.
The filling compound shall remain stable for ambient temperatures between –20oC and +80oC and shall not
drip, flow or leak with age or at high temperature during short duration lightning strikes and short circuit
currents.
Central Structural Member(s)
Structural member(s), if necessary may be used to limit the stress on the fibres inside the central fibre optical
unit.
5.3.3.2.4 Optical Fibre
The fibres shall comply with the geometrical data given in the Technical Schedules. Generally, single-
mode fibres, dispersion-unshifted and multi-mode fibres with 50/125 μm and 62.5/125 μm core/clad
diameters are considered in this specification.
The core and the cladding shall consist of all glass, which is predominantly silica (SiO 2 ). Factory splicing of
fibre is not allowed.
The Contractor shall present a graph showing the typical reflective index profile of the fibre. The Contractor
shall also present a tension test and give the stress corrosion factor value and typical plot of variables over
tension and probability for break.
Primary Coating
The bare fibre shall be primarily coated with UV-cured acrylic material for protection from abrasion during
subsequent handling or manufacturing.
The primary coated fibres shall be proof tested for a time longer than 1.0 s with a strain of minimum 1.0 %.
The Contractor shall state the applied strain force.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The tight buffer construction shall consist of suitable materials that come in contact with the coated fibre.
5.3.3.2.6 Marking of Fibres
The Contractor shall give information about:
- Number of tubes
- Number of fibres in each tube
- Colour codes
The colour shall have good-fast property and shall comply with the colours specified in IEC 60304. The
colour coding method shall be submitted to the Employer for approval.
The original colour coding system shall be visible or discernible throughout the design life of the OPGW.
Colouring utilized for colour coding optical fibres shall be integrated into the fibre coating and shall be
homogenous. The colour shall not bleed from one fibre to another and shall not fade during fibre preparation
for termination or splicing. The optical fibre colour code to be used shall be as stated in the Technical
Schedules.
5.3.3.2.7 Maximum Working Tension and Ultimate Tensile Strength
Maximum working tension (MWT) shall be calculated for maximum allowable sag of 2% on nominal span
lengths and under the wind conditions specified in the Technical Schedules.
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the optical fibre cable shall be designed to exceed 2.5 times the
maximum working tension.
Associated Hardware and Fittings
5.3.3.2.8 Splice Box
The fibre optic cable (OPGW) shall be joined in splice boxes located on the tower legs or pole body at the
locations where the OPGW is dead ended. The fibre optic leads shall be brought down and up the
towers/poles on the inside of the tower legs supporting the splice box.
The splice box shall be of the corrosion resistant metallic material and watertight. The box shall be able to
contain trays for the required number of fibres specified in the Technical Schedules. The splice box shall be
equipped with a locker and shall be designed for direct mounting to the tower.
The splice box shall include the mounting hardware, optical fibre splice kits, OPGW and/or cable entry seals
and all accessories for a permanent optical joint.
Splice boxes for transmission line towers/poles shall be designed for connection of two optical fibre ground
wires. Splicing boxes for the gantry towers of the substation shall be designed for connection of one optical
fibre ground wire and one optical fibre feeder cable.
The OPGW leads shall be attached to the tower/pole at 1.0 m interval by double groove aluminium alloy
clamps specifically designed to accommodate the diameter of the composite fibre optical ground wire.
The splice box shall be installed on the towers/poles at a height of approximately 5 meters (min.) from the
ground. The OPGW leads shall be laid in a loop at the tower/pole side. The length of the OPGW leads shall
be such that the splicing can be made on the ground 10 meters from the tower/pole.
The splicing shall be made by fusion welding. The attenuation in any single splice shall be less than 0.20 dB
at 1550 nm with an average value of maximum 0.15 dB and at 1310 nm less than 0.25 dB and 0.20 dB,
respectively.
The Contractor shall submit with the bid complete information regarding the splice boxes and the method
and equipment to be used for mounting, splicing and testing.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor's stress-strain and creep data shall be obtained from stress-strain tests on the cable(s)
produced under this contract, if so required in the Technical Schedules.
Stress-strain tests shall be performed according to IEC 61089 or Employer-approved equivalent.
If no stress-strain test is required by the Employer in the Technical Schedules, the Contractor shall provide
the stress-strain data based on his own new tests, or based on previous tests on a cable identical to the
specified or based on a cable constituted of the same materials and number of strands as specified,
approximately the same lay (in function of cable outer diameter).
5.3.3.6 Tools
The Contractor shall furnish a list of special tools aside from those mentioned in the Technical Schedules,
identifying the function of each tools and the specific items for which it is used.
The Contractor shall also provide instructions for the proper operation, maintenance and calibration of all
tools furnished, including instructions for proper storage.
If comealongs are required in the installation, the Contractor shall supply such tools and its pertinent
information. If, in the opinion of the Contractor, the specified comealongs are not adequate to properly hold
the specified cable(s), the Contractor shall offer the appropriate comealongs and provide an explanation in
the Technical Schedules. The Contractor shall provide instructions for the proper use, maintenance and
storage of the comealong(s).
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
A seal shall be applied to each end of the OPGW to prevent the entrance of moisture into the optical fibres or
the escape of filling compound during shipment and storage. Two extra seals shall be shipped with each reel
and should be accessible without removing the lagging.
Each reel shall be marked on the outside flange to indicate the direction the reel should be rolled during
shipment in order to prevent loosening of the cable on the reel.
The Contractor shall furnish at the time of shipment, a certified record of final quality control measured
values for each fibre on each reel. This certification shall be attached to the outside flange of the reel in a
weatherproof package.
5.3.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Employer or the Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and
monitored by the Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation and
stringing methods, proper handling and storage, stringing methods and performance records, etc., shall be
furnished for the Employer’s review and approval.
5.3.5 TESTS
5.3.5.1 Gener al
The OPGW and its accessories shall comply with test criteria, and Employer acceptance of the OPGW and
its accessories shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the requirements of this
specification. All routine tests required herein should be witnessed by the Employer or his authorized
representative unless waived in writing or specified in the Technical Schedules and no OPGW shall be
shipped until released for shipment by the Employer or his authorized representative.
The test equipment, test methods, measurements and computation shall be in accordance with the latest
applicable requirements of the IEC Publications in cases where otherwise set forth and shall be subject to the
approval of the Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The filling and flooding compound shall not flow (drip or leak) at 65oC.
c. Short circuit test
An increase in measured optical attenuation greater than 1.0 dB/test fibre km at 1550 nm for single-mode
fibres and at 1300 nm for multimode fibres shall constitute failure. Birdcaging or breaking of the wire
strands shall also constitute failure.
Dissection of the cable following the test should show no distortion of any component of the cable, including
the optical fibres, buffer tubes, and any aluminium or other components. Distortion of any kind that can be
attributed to the test other than test set up procedures or hardware shall constitute failure.
d. Aeolian vibration test
Any significant damage to any component of the cable, or permanent or temporary increase in optical
attenuation greater than 1.0 dB/test fibre km at 1550 nm for single-mode fibres and at 1300 nm for
multimode fibres shall constitute failure.
e. Galloping test
Any significant damage to any component of the cable, or permanent or temporary increase in optical
attenuation greater than 1.0 dB/test fibre km at 1550 nm for single-mode fibres and at 1300 nm for
multimode fibres shall constitute failure.
f. Sheave test
Any significant damage to the OPGW cable or central fibre optic unit at any points above deformation limits
of 0.50 mm shall constitute failure. A permanent increase in optical attenuation greater than 1.0 dB/test fibre
km at 1550 nm for single-mode fibres and at 1330 nm for multimode fibres shall constitute failure.
g. Crush and impact test
This test shall be carried out in accordance with the IEC test specification.
A permanent or temporary increase in optical attenuation value greater than 0.1 dB change in sample at 1550
nm for single-mode fibres and at 1300 nm for multimode fibres shall constitute failure. The Contractor shall
state the maximum crush strength.
h. Creep test
This test shall be done in accordance with IEC test specifications.
i. Fibre strain test
This test shall be carried out in accordance with IEC test specifications.
Fibre breakage during the test shall constitute a failure.
j. Strain margin test
Strain margin is defined as the amount of stress a cable can sustain without strain on the fibre. A permanent
or temporary increase in optical attenuation greater than 1.0 dB/test fibre km at 1550 nm for single-mode
fibres and at 1300 nm for multimode fibres up to the strain margin shall constitute failure.
k. Stress-strain test
Any visual damage to the OPGW strands or permanent or temporary increase in optical attenuation greater
than 0.2 dB/test fibre km at 1550 nm for single-mode fibres and 0.5 dB/test fibre km at 1300 nm for
multimode fibres shall constitute failure.
l. Cable cut-off wavelength (single-mode fibre)
The cut-off wavelength, l cc of the cabled fibre shall be less than 1250 nm.
m. Temperature cycling
The Contractor shall prove that the cable operates according to the specification and shall maintain its
mechanical and optical integrity when exposed to the following temperature extremes: -40oC to +85 oC.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The change in attenuation between extreme operational temperatures for single-mode fibres shall not be
greater than 0.2 dB/km. For unshifted single-mode fibres, the attenuation change measurements shall be
made at 1310 nm and 1550 nm. For dispersion-shifted single-mode fibres, the measurements shall be at 1550
nm. For multimode fibres, the change shall not be greater than 0.5 dB/km. The multimode fibre measurement
shall be made at 850 nm and 1300 nm.
The result shall be presented in a diagram showing attenuation versus temperature for all fibres in the cable,
individually for both 1300 and 1550 nm. The Contractor shall state the number of cycles, different
temperatures and time before measurement at a stated temperature.
5.3.5.2.2 Routine Tests
Routine tests shall be performed on a sampling basis such that each reel will meet the criteria stated below.
The following routine tests, but not limited to these shall be performed on the cable:
a. Mechanical and electrical test (wire before stranding)
Tests for the mechanical and electrical properties of the wires shall be made before the stranding. This shall
include determination of:
1. Tensile strength
2. Elongation
3. Diameter
4. Resistance
5. Thickness of aluminium (applicable to aluminium clad steel wire)
6. Twist test (applicable to aluminium clad steel wire)
7. Bending test (applicable to aluminium alloy 6201-T81 wire)
b. Mechanical and electrical tests on central fibre optic unit and spacers
This shall include determination of :
1. Tensile strength
2. Resistance
3. Elongation
c. Tests on complete OPGW
Tensile/elongation tests to determine the stress on cable (daN), strain on the cable (mm), attenuation on
looped fibres (dB) at 1550 nm , elongation on fibre (5) by phase shift method, and eventual slippage at dead
end clamp shall be performed in the completed OPGW. For the breaking strength of the complete OPGW, it
shall not be less than the specified rated breaking strength of the OPGW.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
i) Attenuation Requirements:
The following measurements, if required in the Technical Schedules shall be performed on all fibres:
The attenuation coefficient for multimode fibre and unshifted single-mode fibre shall be specified on the
basis of the maximum individual fibre attenuation coefficient in the cable.
The attenuation of the fibre shall be distributed uniformly throughout its length such that there are no point
discontinuities in excess of 0.1 dB for single mode fibre and 0.2 dB for multimode fibre at any design
wavelength.
Multimode fibre measurements shall be made in accordance with IEC test specifications.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 14 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Mode field diameter measurements shall be done in accordance with IEC test specification.
b. Geometrical Requirements
a. Core Diameter: The permissible deviation from the nominal value for all designs (50 mm or
62.5 mm) shall be < 3 mm.
a. Cladding diameter: The cladding diameter measurements shall be made in accordance with
ITU Recommendations. The cladding outside diameter shall be 125.0 mm + 2.0mm.
c. Coating diameter: Coating diameter measurements shall be made in accordance with ITU
Recommendations. For tight buffer fibres, the Contractor shall specify a method as long as
the measurement accuracy and repeatability is equivalent to the procedures described in the
ITU Recommendations..
The nominal coating diameter should be 250 mm for standard protective coating. For tight-
buffered cable designs, an additional buffering with a nominal diameter of 400, 500, 700 or
900 mm may be used.
c. Mechanical Requirements
Individual fibres shall be proof tested in accordance with ITU recommendations. A fibre at each end of the
test sample that has not been subjected to full proof test loading shall be discarded. All fibres shall be
subjected to a minimum proof stress of 0.35 GN/m2 for 1 s equivalent.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 15 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
5.3.6.1 Gener al
Contractor furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted performance,
interface requirements and installation/stringing features of all Contractors' furnished materials. The
accuracy of such information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by the
Employer are the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
All information submitted as part of Tender Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer's approval.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-05-003 OPTICAL EARTH WIRE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 16 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
j. Detailed Project Progress and Performance Review (PPR) for the OPGW;
k. As-built drawings as finally approved.
The Contractor shall provide in the manner, number of copies and within the time set forth in the
specification, instruction manuals in accordance with the requirements of the Contract
The Contractor shall furnish information indicating recommended maintenance practice, approximate time
required for routine maintenance and a list of spare parts and tools required for this maintenance.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS SP
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS
CONTENTS
6.1.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
6.1.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
6.1.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
6.1.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................2
6.1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................2
6.1.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
6.1.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................................3
6.1.3.1 Description of Services...............................................................................................................3
6.1.3.2 Suspension Type Insulators of Ceramic or Glass Materials .......................................................3
6.1.3.3 Horizontal Line Post and Long Rod Insulator Units of Ceramic Materials ...............................4
6.1.3.4 Polymeric Insulators ...................................................................................................................5
6.1.3.5 Operating Environment ..............................................................................................................5
6.1.3.6 Spares and Special Tools ............................................................................................................5
6.1.3.7 Insulator Marking .......................................................................................................................5
6.1.3.8 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.........................................................................................6
6.1.3.9 Quality Assurance Requirements ...............................................................................................7
6.1.4 INSTALLATION ...........................................................................................................................7
6.1.5 TESTS ............................................................................................................................................7
6.1.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................7
6.1.5.2 Shop Tests ..................................................................................................................................7
6.1.5.3 Design Tests ...............................................................................................................................7
6.1.5.4 Test Reports..............................................................................................................................11
6.1.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................11
6.1.6.1 General .....................................................................................................................................11
6.1.6.2 Data and Information to be Furnished with Tender .................................................................11
6.1.6.3 Data and Information to be Furnished After Award of Contract .............................................11
6.1.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .......................................................................................................12
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
6.1.1 SCOPE
6.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for Toughened glass, Ceramic and
Polymeric Insulators of type suspension, post or long rod for use in A.C. and D.C. overhead transmission
lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the insulators have been designed and manufactured in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the conditions and to the
standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Insulator shells shall be made of commercial quality wet process porcelain or toughened glass in accordance
with IEC 61325. The colour of the glaze of porcelain or glass shells shall be as specified in the Technical
Schedules. When units are coupled together there shall be no contact between the shell of one unit and the
metal parts of the next adjacent unit when strings are in their service position. Design of the head shall be
cylindrical and shall be made such that it will produce uniform mechanical and electrical stress distribution.
6.1.3.2.2 Metal Parts
Pins and caps shall be designed to transmit the mechanical stresses to the shell by compression and to
develop uniform mechanical strength of the insulator. The metal parts shall retain their rated mechanical
strength even when the porcelain skirts are partially or completely broken off.
Pins shall be made of drop-forged, upset-forged, or machined-steel. The insulator pins, if specified in
Technical Schedules, shall be protected against electrolytic corrosion by the use of a sleeve of pure zinc,
zinc alloy or a corrosion-intercepting sleeve. The sleeve shall be fused to the pin so that no gap exists
between pin and sleeve and shall be so positioned on the pin as to intercept the cement line.
Caps shall be of copper-bearing drop-forged steel or heat-treated malleable cast iron or ductile cast iron. The
hole for the cotter key in a socket type cap shall be on the side of the cap opposite the socket opening. The
hole shall be counter-sunk in such a manner that the eye of the cotter key when in the locked position maybe
engaged by a hot-line key puller, to provide for disengagement of insulator units under energized conditions.
All ferrous parts, except stainless steel, shall be galvanized.
Insulator units shall be furnished with the size and type of connection specified in the Technical Schedules.
The dimensions and tolerances of ball and socket connections and tongue-clevis connections shall be in
accordance with IEC 60120.
Insulator units with ball-socket connection shall be furnished with a locking device of the split cotter key
type installed in the socket hole of the insulator cap. The cotter key shall be of such design and size to meet
the tests specified herein. The cotter key shall provide positive locking against unintentional disengagement
of insulator units during use and handling to provide easy connection to other units or hardware. Cotter keys
shall be made from cold-drawn bronze, brass or stainless steel wire of approximately half-round section
having the following properties:
Pins for tongue-clevis type connection shall be of drop-forged, upset-forged or machined steel. Locking
device of split cotter key type shall be used to prevent disengagement of insulator units. Cotter keys shall
allow easy connection to other units or hardware.
Material shall be free of defects, of recent manufacture, and unused. Workmanship shall conform to industry
standards and best practices.
Metal caps shall be free from cracks, seams, shrinks, air holes, burrs, and rough edges. Metal pins shall be
free from laps, folds, seams, burrs, and rough edges. Surfaces of metal parts shall be smooth with no
projecting points or irregularities, which may cause corona.
Insulator units after assembly shall be concentric and coaxial.
6.1.3.3 Horizontal Line Post and Long Rod Insulator Units of Cer amic Mater ials
6.1.3.3.1 Design Requirements
The horizontal mounted line post and/or long rod insulators shall be made of high-grade, wet-process high
strength porcelain, suitable for the type of pole or structure specified in the Technical Schedules.
Depending on the requirements stated in the Technical Schedules, the porcelain body shall be made of
either two or single unit solid core insulator.
Clamp brackets shall be made of ductile iron.
All ferrous parts, except stainless steel andaluminium shall be galvanized.
The top clamp for the conductor to be used for the transmission line as specified in the Technical
Schedules, shall be made of aluminium.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Mounting bolts shall be made of steel complete with accessories suitable for the type of structure specified
in the Technical Schedules.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
6.1.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Employer or Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and monitored
by the Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation and
stringing methods, proper handling and storage, stringing methods and performance records, etc. shall be
furnished for the Employer’s review and approval.
6.1.5 TESTS
6.1.5.1 Gener al
All materials shall comply with the test criteria, and the Employer's acceptance of the insulators shall not
relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the requirements of this specification.
The Contractor shall carry out, at his own expense, all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of the insulator units in accordance with IEC Standards.
If so required in the Technical Schedules the Employer or his authorized representative shall witness all
tests unless waived in writing, and no insulator units shall be shipped until released for shipment by the
Employer or his authorized representative.
The Contractor shall make all preparation for the tests and provide the test apparatus and personnel and shall
notify the Employer the date of the tests to be witnessed in accordance with the requirements of this
specification.
Actual test procedures to be used shall be subject to Employer’s acceptance and approval.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
a. Type Tests
The Contractor shall submit with his tender the type test reports specified below. Type test reports to
be submitted by the Contractor shall be from a reputable internationally known independent testing
laboratory.
If the Contractor fails to submit such reports, the Tender is liable to be rejected.
1. Verification of the dimensions, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 22
2. Electromechanical failing load test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 23. The acceptance
criteria shall be as follows:
i) X > Rating + 3S where:
X – mean value of test results
S – standard deviation of the test results
ii) Each value measured shall not be lower than the specified electromechanical failing load
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
iii) Electrical puncture shall not occur before reaching ultimate failure.
3. Thermal runaway test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 20
4. Dry lightning impulse withstand test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 14
5. Dry D.C. withstand voltage test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 15
6. Ion migration test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 18
7. Impulse over voltage test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 17 with steepness of impulse:
2500 kV/microsecond
8. Thermal mechanical performance test, in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 25. The acceptance
criteria shall be as follows:
i) X > Rating + 3S where: X – mean value of test results
S – standard deviation of the test results
ii) Each value measured shall not be lower than the specified electromechanical failing load.
iii) The results of this performance test shall match the results of the ordinary
electromechanical failing load test. Mean value and standard deviation of the performance
test shall not change significantly. Fracture pattern shall not change.
iv) Electrical puncture shall not occur before reaching ultimate failure.
b. Sample Tests
The Contractor shall keep the Employer informed on the progress on the manufacturing of materials
and works, so that the inspection and testing can be performed in the presence of Employer’s
representative.
Before every inspection and test supervised by the Employer, the Contractor shall assure himself that
the work is in all respects ready for inspection and testing, in accordance with these specifications.
Full and complete testing of all components shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Employer.
The test listed below shall be carried out on each production lot of insulators at the expense of the
manufacturer, and these insulators and split pins shall be added by the Contractor, free of charge, to the
number specified in the tender documents. The insulators as have been subjected to sample tests shall
not be included in the delivery lot.
The sample tests are to be performed on the sample E1, E2 or E3. The size of these samples shall be
determined in IEC 61325 Clause 10.
Lot Size (N) Sample Size
E1 E2 E3
N < 300 Subject to Agreement
300 < N < 2000 4 3 4
2000 < N < 5000 8 4 8
5000 < N < 10000 12 6 12
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
c. Routine Tests
The manufacturer shall carry out, at his own expense, the routine tests specified in IEC 61325. The
routine tensile load shall be 50% of the electromechanical failing load.
1. Routine visual inspection in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 33.
Number of insulator units to be tested: All
2. Routine mechanical test in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 34.
Number of insulator units to be tested: All
3. Routine electrical inspection in accordance with IEC 61325 Clause 21.
Number of insulator units to be tested: All
X =≥ rating + 3S
where: X = average value obtained on the sample of the ten insulator units tested
S = standard deviation for the ten insulator units tested
Each value measured shall not be lower than the specified mechanical and electrical strength.
Electrical puncture shall not occur before reaching ultimate failure.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
6.1.6.1 Gener al
Contractor-furnished data and information shall be the performance data, predicted performance and
installation features of all Contractors' finished materials. The accuracy of such information and its
compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by Employer are the sole responsibility of the
Contractor.
All information submitted as part of the Tender Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer’s approval.
6.1.6.3 Data and Information to be Fur nished After Awar d of Contr act
The following shall be submitted after award of contract:
a. Certified Quality Conformance and Routine Test Reports;
b. Bill of materials and parts list or identifying sketch showing components;
c. Detailed insulator outline drawings;
d. Installation procedures;
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-06-001 INSULATORS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 12
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE SP
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE
CONTENTS
7.1.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
7.1.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
7.1.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
7.1.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................2
7.1.2 CODES. AND STANDARDS .......................................................................................................2
7.1.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
7.1.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................3
7.1.3.1 General .......................................................................................................................................3
7.1.3.1.1 Workmanship .....................................................................................................................3
7.1.3.1.2 Zinc Coating .......................................................................................................................3
7.1.3.2 Specific Requirements ................................................................................................................3
7.1.3.2.1 Accessories for Conductor .................................................................................................3
7.1.3.2.2 Accessories for Shield/Earth Wire .....................................................................................5
7.1.3.2.3 Parallel Groove Clamp and/or Wedge Clamp for Earth Wire ............................................5
7.1.3.2.4 Damper for Earth Wire .......................................................................................................5
7.1.3.2.5 Bird Diverter for Earth Wire or OPGW .............................................................................6
7.1.3.3 Marking ......................................................................................................................................6
7.1.3.4 Operating Environment ..............................................................................................................6
7.1.3.5 Spares and Special Tools ............................................................................................................6
7.1.3.6 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.........................................................................................6
7.1.3.7 Quality Assurance Requirements ...............................................................................................7
7.1.4 INSTALLATION ...........................................................................................................................7
7.1.5 TEST ..............................................................................................................................................7
7.1.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................7
7.1.5.2 Type Tests ..................................................................................................................................7
7.1.5.3 Quality Conformance Tests (Sample Test) and Routine Tests...................................................7
7.1.5.3.1 For the Suspension and Tension Clamp for the conductor. ................................................7
7.1.5.3.2 For the Preformed Armour Rods. .......................................................................................8
7.1.5.3.3 For the Conductor Spacer/Damper .....................................................................................8
7.1.5.3.4 For the Jumper Device: ......................................................................................................9
7.1.5.3.5 For the Vibration Damper: .................................................................................................9
7.1.5.3.6 For the Suspension and Tension Earth Wire Assembly: ....................................................9
7.1.5.3.7 For Miscellaneous Hardwares: ...........................................................................................9
7.1.5.4 Test Reports................................................................................................................................9
7.1.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................10
7.1.6.1 General .....................................................................................................................................10
7.1.6.2 Data and Drawings to be Furnished with Tender .....................................................................10
7.1.6.3 Data and Drawings to be Furnished After Award ....................................................................10
7.1.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .......................................................................................................10
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
7.1.1 SCOPE
7.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for transmission line hardware and
accessories for conductors, earth wires and insulator strings for use in A.C. and D.C. overhead transmission
lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the hardware and accessories have been designed and
manufactures in accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the condition
and to the standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor a statement as to compliance with this
specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail and
included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are taken
to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
translation thereof. In any event, the Contractor shall list all those standards he proposes to use in the supply
of the specified hardware.
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards or theses specifications, the Contractor shall refer the
conflict to the Employer for written resolution.
7.1.3.1 Gener al
7.1.3.1.1 Workmanship
All parts shall be new and of the highest class and shall be furnished uniformly in quality and smoothly on
the surface in conformity to the best commercial practice without any harmful defects such as flaws, ruts, air
holes, cracks, burrs and rough edges, etc.
Filling or plugging of any defective parts shall not be permitted. The design shall avoid sharp corners or
projections, which will produce high electrical stress in normal operation.
The design of adjacent metal parts and contacting surfaces shall be so made as to prevent corrosions of the
contact surfaces and to maintain good electrical contact under service conditions.
7.1.3.1.2 Zinc Coating
All the iron and steel parts and members shall be zinc coated upon completion of the fabrication. The zinc
coating is to be uniform, clean, smooth and free from burrs, sharp edges, lumps and dross so that
interconnecting parts will fit properly and parts may be assembled and disassembled readily. The zinc
coating shall be carried out by the hot dip process for all parts.
Threaded parts shall be coated after being threaded and excessive zinc shall be removed from the threads.
Nuts and locknuts shall be retapped after being coated and shall be capable of being threaded the entire
length of threads without use of tools.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
After clamping, the electrical resistance of the tension clamp must be less than that of the conductor joined
thereby with the same length as the tension clamp.
(i) The conductor spacer shall allow movement in all directions and shall fatigueless withstand
repeated compressive loads and tensile loads in vertical, horizontal transverse and horizontal
longitudinal directions.
(ii) The spacers shall be installed at a spacing not exceeding 75 m with unequal spacing in the
same span within 10% variation. Shorter spacing for the first spacer away from the suspension
points shall be applied. The Contractor shall recommend the spacer spacing application.
(iii) The conductor damper shall not be deformed by impulsive loads due to electro-magnetic
attraction of short circuit current of 50 kA through the bundled conductors.
(iv) The clamps of the conductor spacer shall not slip relative to the conductor when being turned
by 180 degrees.
(v) The corona noise from the conductor spacers shall not exceed that of the bundled conductors.
(i) The clamps of the reinforcement and jumper spacers shall not slip relative to the jumper
conductors and the reinforcing galvanized steel wire strands when the jumper conductors and
the jumper device are swung together to the side way.
(ii) The reinforcement and jumper spacers shall not deform by impulsive load due to electro-
magnetic attraction of short-circuit current of 50 kA throughout the conductor.
(iii) The clamps of the reinforcement and jumper spacers shall not slip and the jumper device shall
not deform when subjected to the assumed load during the construction work.
(iv) After the assembly of the jumper device, each reinforcing galvanized steel wire strand shall
withstand the tensile load of 15,000 N or more.
(v) The corona noise from the jumper device shall not exceed that of the bundled conductors.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
g. Conductor Comealong
Conductor comealongs shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 22,250 N.
The Contractor shall recommend the number and spacing of dampers for the specified earth wire including
physical and mechanical characteristics.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
7.1.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Employer or the Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and
monitored by the Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor, such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation,
proper handling, transport and storage at site, testing, performance guarantees, etc., shall be furnished for the
Employer’s review and approval.
7.1.5 TEST
7.1.5.1 Gener al
Line hardware and accessories shall comply with test criteria, and Employer’s acceptance of hardware and
accessories shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the requirements of this
specification.
The Contractor shall carry out, at his own expense all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of the line hardware and accessories in accordance with the applicable IEC standards.
The Employer or his authorized representative shall witness all routine tests required in the applicable
standards unless otherwise waived in the Technical Schedules and no hardware and accessories shall be
shipped until released for shipment by the Employer.
The Contractor shall make all preparations for tests and provide the test apparatus and personnel and shall
notify the Employer the date of the test forty five (45) days in advance.
Actual test procedures to be used shall be subject to the Employer’s acceptance and approval.
7.1.5.3 Quality Confor mance Tests (Sample Test) and Routine Tests
Quality Conformance Tests are intended to verify the quality of materials and workmanship. They are to be
made on fittings taken on random from the various lots offered for acceptance. Routine tests on the other
hand, are intended to eliminate defective materials. They are also to be made on every fitting of the type to
which they are applicable.
In general, the following quality conformance and routine tests shall be performed as a minimum:
7.1.5.3.1 For the Suspension and Tension Clamp for the conductor.
The following inspections and tests shall be carried out:
- Visual and Dimensions
- Slip Strength
- Breaking Strength
- Zinc Coating: coating weight and uniformity
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
b. The above mentioned tests of wear resistance, twist withstand, slip strength of clamp and compression
withstand for the conductor spacer shall be carried out and the spacer shall prove to exceed the
following requirements:
(1) Wear Resistance
The spacer shall withstand the following conductor motions without loss of function due to wear
and production of harmful strain on the conductor.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
7.1.6.1 Gener al
Contractor furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted performance
interface requirements and installation features of all Contractors' furnished materials. The accuracy of such
information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by Employer are the sole
responsibility of the Contractor.
All information submitted as part of Tender Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer’s approval.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-07-001 HARDWARE Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 11
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
8.1.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................3
8.1.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................3
8.1.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................3
8.1.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................3
8.1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................3
8.1.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................3
8.1.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................4
8.1.3.1 Design.........................................................................................................................................4
8.1.3.1.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
8.1.3.1.2 Tower Types and Duties ........................................................................................................................................ 5
8.1.3.1.3 Clearance ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
8.1.3.1.4 Design, Wind and Weight Spans ........................................................................................................................... 5
8.1.3.1.5 Design Loads ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
8.1.3.1.6 Application Charts, Sag and Tension Charts ......................................................................................................... 6
8.1.3.1.7 Design of Steel Members ...................................................................................................................................... 6
8.1.3.1.8 Design of Connections .......................................................................................................................................... 6
8.1.3.1.9 Anti Vandal Bolts and Nuts ................................................................................................................................... 7
8.1.3.1.10 Design of Stub Angles in Concrete ................................................................................................................... 7
8.1.3.1.11 Body and Leg Extensions ................................................................................................................................. 7
8.1.3.1.12 Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.1.3.2 Material Requirements ...............................................................................................................8
8.1.3.2.1 Structural Steel ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.1.3.2.2 Bolts, Nuts and Washers........................................................................................................................................ 8
8.1.3.2.3 Guy Wires ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
8.1.3.2.4 Minimum Guy Breaking Strength ......................................................................................................................... 9
8.1.3.2.5 Guy Tests............................................................................................................................................................... 9
8.1.3.2.6 Marking of Guy Wires........................................................................................................................................... 9
8.1.3.3 Detailing and Fabrication .........................................................................................................10
8.1.3.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.1.3.3.2 Framing ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.1.3.3.3 Splices and Bolted Connections .......................................................................................................................... 10
8.1.3.3.4 Drilling and Punching.......................................................................................................................................... 11
8.1.3.3.5 Bending ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.1.3.3.6 Stub Angle Setting Templates ............................................................................................................................. 11
8.1.3.3.7 Welding ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.1.3.3.8 Field Connections ................................................................................................................................................ 12
8.1.3.3.9 Galvanizing ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
8.1.3.4 Tower Attachments ..................................................................................................................13
8.1.3.4.1 Conductor and Shield Wire Attachments ............................................................................................................ 13
8.1.3.4.2 Step Bolts ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
8.1.3.4.3 Notice Plates ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
8.1.3.4.4 Anti-Climbing Devices ........................................................................................................................................ 13
8.1.3.5 Shop Assembly and Inspection ................................................................................................13
8.1.3.6 Design Calculations ..................................................................................................................14
8.1.3.7 Drawings ..................................................................................................................................14
8.1.3.8 Marking ....................................................................................................................................14
8.1.3.9 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.......................................................................................15
8.1.3.10 Quality Assurance Requirement ...........................................................................................16
8.1.4 INSTALLATION .........................................................................................................................17
8.1.5 TESTS ..........................................................................................................................................17
8.1.5.1 General .....................................................................................................................................17
8.1.5.2 Material Tests ...........................................................................................................................17
8.1.5.3 Shop Tests ................................................................................................................................17
8.1.5.4 Load Testing (Full Scale Tower Test) ......................................................................................17
8.1.5.5 Mechanical Tests ......................................................................................................................18
8.1.5.6 Galvanizing Tests .....................................................................................................................18
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.1.1 SCOPE
8.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for self-supporting and guyed lattice steel
towers for use in overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above. The towers shall be supplied complete
with structural steel works, guy wires, bolts, nuts, washers and miscellaneous fittings.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the towers have been designed and manufactured in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the conditions and to the
standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
These codes and standards set forth minimum requirements which may be exceeded by the Contractor if, in
the Contractor's judgment and Employer's acceptance, superior or more economic designs or materials are
available for successful and continuous operation of the Contractor's materials as required by this
specification.
In addition to the applicable standards, the Contractor shall comply with applicable national and local laws,
codes, regulations, statutes and ordinances.
The materials and services furnished shall comply with and not prevent the Employer's compliance with all
applicable standards of the local codes.
It is the intent of this specification to allow supply of towers according to the standards specified in this
specification. If the Contractor customarily produces the specified towers of national standards other than
mentioned, the Contractor shall describe the equivalences and/or differences of such standards with his
Tender. For any such standards, which are not written in the English language, the Contractor shall make
available copies of an English translation thereof. In any event, the Contractor shall list all those standards he
proposes to use in the supply of the specified towers.
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards or theses specifications, the Contractor shall refer the
conflict to the Employer for written resolution.
8.1.3.1 Design
8.1.3.1.1 General
All designs are to be made in accordance with the information provided in this Specification, Technical
Schedules and on the accompanying Conceptual Drawings. All outline dimensions are fixed but where
no dimensions are given, the framing may be modified to suit the Contractor's design, subject to compliance
with all the requirements of the Specification.
The Contractor should aim at keeping the number of members to a minimum and the number of like
members to a maximum consistent with reasonable economy. Opposite faces of the towers shall be identical
but adjacent faces may be dissimilar.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor, at the Employer's request, shall explain and provide all the necessary information pertaining
to the design of any or all elements of the structure. In the event that the Contractor fails to provide
satisfactory explanations of any assumptions made in the designs, all modifications, which in the opinion of
the Employer are deemed necessary, shall be made at no extra cost to the Employer.
The tower structure components shall resist the design loadings and stresses not exceeding the yielding,
buckling, fracture, or any other limiting conditions specified in this specification and the applicable
standards.
8.1.3.1.3 Clearance
The structural framing shall be such as to maintain the clearances between conductor and steel as shown on
the drawings. The path of the conductors and jumpers should be accounted for when checking these
clearances.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
All members placed horizontally or inclined not greater than 30 degrees shall be designed for a maintenance
load of 1.5 kN at the point which will produce the greatest stress in the member. This includes also members
in the cross-arms.
Secondary members shall be designed for a force resulting from 2.5 % of the load in the bar being restrained
assessed in accordance with the drawings.
The cross arm chord shall be designed for a ladder load of 4.5 kN at the adverse position combined with
either the stress produced by shield wire or conductor loads in erection and maintenance conditions.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Only three (3) diameters of connection bolts and two (2) thicknesses of washers shall be used on any one
type of tower and such sizes shall be maintained in all towers of the same type. All bolts of the same
diameter shall be of the same quality.
Connections shall be designed for bearing and shear in the plane of the threads, not friction.
Bolted connections may have one (1) bolt only.
Minimum bolt spacing is equal to three (3.0) times the bolt diameter.
Minimum distance from the centre of the bolt to an edge is equal to two (2.0) times the bolt diameter.
The distance from the centre of a bolt to the face of the outstanding flange of an angle or other members shall
be such as to permit the use of a socket wrench, in tightening the nut.
The bolt diameter shall be equal to the bolt diameter plus 1.5mm.
Minimum bolt diameter shall be twelve (12.0) mm.
Allowable ultimate bearing stress for bolts as well as members is equal to one (1.0) times the ultimate stress
F u of the steel.
Allowable ultimate shearing stress for bolts and members is equal to point six (0.6) times the yield point F y
of the steel.
Minimum thickness of washers shall be four (4.0) mm.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.1.3.1.12 Miscellaneous
The design shall be such as to keep the number of different parts as small as possible and to facilitate
transport, erection and inspection.
All self-supporting towers shall have a square tower body with identical bracings in all four sides.
Horizontal members shall be placed wherever possible so that the horizontal flange is on the top. Pockets
and depressions likely to hold water shall be avoided and, if not avoidable, shall be properly drained.
Horizontal frames shall be provided at the top of the leg sections and the point of splices in the tower leg. If
required for rigidity, stability or other reasons, additional frames shall be provided at sections where
necessary.
Tension members shall not be made of flats or rods.
All double diagonal web-system members shall be connected at their point of intersection by at least one
bolt.
The holes necessary for accommodating the grounding counterpoise connections as specified shall be
provided on each leg of every tower and extension. Holes for all required number signs, danger signs, step
bolts, etc., shall be provided on each tower.
Approved means shall be provided on all towers and extensions to avoid risk of livestock being caught and
injured in the angles between tower members. Suspension towers shall be equipped with approved devices
immediately above each suspension insulator attachment point, to prevent the perching of birds at these
points.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Guyed towers shall be complete with guys, guy wire make-offs and erection lugs. The guy wire make-offs
shall be of an approved type. If preformed guy grips are employed then the completed make-off assembly shall
include a compression fitting to prevent the unauthorised dismantling of the preformed guy grip. The
compression fitting shall be so located that the efficiency of the guy grip is unaffected and be made of suitable
material to prevent corrosion when it is coupled with the guy wire. The guy wire tail when it protrudes within
the loop of the preformed guy grip shall be securely clamped to the thimble of the make-off assembly.
Preformed guy grips shall be applied once only and if a grip is removed for any reason a new grip shall be
substituted.
The steel guy wires shall be preformed so that they remain inert and do not move relative to each other when
the guy wire is cut. Turnbuckles or other approved devices shall be provided in each guy wire for adjusting the
tension in the guy wires after erection and during maintenance. The Contractor shall provide a calibrated
measuring device so that the tension in the guy wires can be checked after erection.
The modulus of elasticity shall be taken as 159GPa for steel stranded guy strands.
When required the Contractor shall determine the pre-tension required in the guys by undertaking a tensile
test on the guy and guy terminations. The minimum length of guywire shall not be less than 5 m. Both the
elastic-plastic extension of the guy and guy termination shall be measured separately. The results of the test
together with the Contractor’s pre-tensioning proposals shall be submitted to the Engineer.
Sample tests shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of BS183.
The guy markers will need to be permanently attached to the guy wires under all weather conditions, including
veld fires.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.1.3.3.1 General
Fabrication shall conform to the AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Building and Bridges and the
following additional requirements:
Deformed or bent material will not be accepted. Material that is deformed or bent to a minor degree shall not
be used unless straightened by methods acceptable to the Employer.
All copes, blocks, and other reentrant cuts shall have 13 mm minimum radius fillets.
Shearing shall be to gauge, with clean-cut edges and no variation in length beyond that noted on the shop
detail drawings. All bevel cutting shall be accurate, and a variation of more than 1.60 mm shall be cause for
rejection.
Punching shall be to gauge to ensure the accuracy demanded for this type of work. Only sharp dies and
punches shall be used, and burrs caused by work dies or punches will be cause for rejection. The centre-to-
centre distance between the end-holes of a piece shall not vary by more than 1.60 mm.
Where bending of members is required it shall be moderately sharp and true to the shop detail drawings.
When applicable, galvanizing assemblies shall conform to the recommended practices of ASTM A384.
8.1.3.3.2 Framing
Ease of assembling in the field is of utmost importance. All details shall be based on this consideration
wherever practicable.
Eccentric connections shall be avoided. Where it is economically impossible to eliminate eccentricities the
additional stresses introduced shall be accounted for in the stress calculations.
Redundant and mutual support systems utilized to provide joint restraints or reduce the unsupported lengths
of the members shall be framed in such a manner so that no reliance on the flexural rigidity of any member
shall be required.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
All bolts, nuts, ring fills and lock washers shall be furnished in excess of the actual number required in
quantity sufficient to compensate for normal field losses. The excess quantities shall be at least five per cent
(5%) greater than the actual requirements.
8.1.3.3.5 Bending
All bending of pieces shall be done cold prior to galvanizing. However, hot bending where advisable, shall
be specified on the drawings. Any hot bending shall be done in such a manner that the full section shall be
maintained and so that the physical properties of the steel will not be impaired.
Bending of cross arm hanger bars is not permitted.
8.1.3.3.7 Welding
Unless otherwise specified herein, or note on the Employer's design drawings, welding shall conform to the
AISC Specification and welder and weld procedure qualifications shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1,
Section 5 "Qualifications". A written welding procedure specification as shown in Appendix E of AWS
D1.1 (Forms E-1, E-2 or E-3 as applicable) shall be prepared for each procedure and submitted for review
and acceptance by the Employer prior to use. Weld details on the Contractor's shop detail drawings shall
include identification of weld and method to be used for making the weld in accordance with AWS D1.1,
Section 2, "Design of Welded Connections", and Section 4, "Technique."
Welding electrodes shall be AWS A5.1, low hydrogen classification E70XX-EXXX, for submerged arc
welding, unless noted otherwise on Employer's design drawings. Where steel other than ASTM A36 is
specified electrode selection will be subject to acceptance by the Employer.
Fillet welds shall be full size and of proper profile for the full length specified on the Employer's design
drawings. Butt welds shall be full penetration welds, unless otherwise noted on the Employer's design
drawings. Preheat and interpass temperature requirements of AWS D1.1 Table 4.2 shall be followed. Welds
shall be visually examined to ensure that there are no slag inclusions, craters, cracks or undercuts in excess
of those permitted by AWS D1.1. Defects shall be removed in accordance with AWS D1.1, Section 3.7, and
then rewelded.
Care shall be taken in assembling and fitting, and welding shall be controlled to minimize shrinkage stresses
and distortion. All finished work shall be of good quality and have a neat appearance without warpage.
Caution shall be exercised to obtain full penetration welds where specified on Employer's design drawings.
Where specified on Employer's design drawings welds shall be made continuous by means of seal welds
between strength welds.
When inspection of a weld zone is called for on Employer's design drawings, procedures shall be in
accordance with the non-destructive testing procedures of AWS D1.1.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The final weld of a component designated for stress relief on Employer's design drawings shall be subjected
to ultrasonic inspection prior to and after stress relieving.
8.1.3.3.9 Galvanizing
Unless otherwise specified in the Purchase Order, all structural steel shall be hot-dip galvanized after
fabrication in accordance with ASTM A123.
Fabrication and preparation of material for galvanizing shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A143.
When specified in Technical Requirements data sheets, embrittlement tests of designated galvanized material
shall be performed in accordance with ASTM A143.
Bolts, nuts and washers shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153. Bolts and nuts shall be
assembled after galvanizing and shall fit with finger pressure only and nuts shall be interchangeable on any
bolt without shake. Wrench tightness or spinning fit shall be cause for rejection.
Only virgin zinc shall be used in galvanizing, and the use of remelted zinc is prohibited. Inspection of
galvanizing shall follow the procedures of the AZI Inspection Manual.
Heavy runs or lumps of excess zinc will not be acceptable in any area where they will interfere with bolt hole
alignment (such as the "drip end" of punched angle braces, etc.), with matching flat surfaces which are to be
bolted together, or are of such size and location that normal handling or erection may cause them to be
dislodged. Sharp, pointed, "stickers" of zinc, which could cause injuries in handling, shall be removed.
Straightening of steel after galvanizing shall be accomplished without the use of heat. Steel so straightened
shall be inspected to assure no delamination or cracking of galvanizing layer.
The zinc coating shall withstand the minimum number of dips of the Preece Test, according to ASTM
Specification A239.
Bolts shall be spun-galvanized and rechasing of bolt threads after galvanizing shall not be permitted. Nut
threads shall be tapped after galvanizing but not to cause appreciable rocking of the nuts to the bolts.
All steel works shall be dipped into a solution of dichromate after galvanizing for white rust protection.
Pipe, tubing or box sections shall not be double-dipped.
All materials shall be cleaned and washed after galvanizing to remove traces of flux, flux inclusions, preflux
salts, acid ash, dross or other extraneous materials. The presence of wet storage stain (White Rust) shall be
cause for rejection.
Small areas of damage to the galvanizing may be repaired with the acceptance of Employer. The repair shall
be made by thoroughly cleaning the damaged area and then applying a stick of powder type zinc repair
compound such as Galv-Weld or alternate acceptable to the Employer in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 14 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Any material rejected by the Employer for failure to conform with this specification or the Purchase Order
shall be corrected or replaced by the Contractor. The fact that material has been inspected, or the Employer
has waived the right to inspect any material, shall not prevent rejection of the material if it is found not to be
in proper condition or to have fabrication inaccuracies preventing proper assembly.
8.1.3.7 Dr awings
Three (3) sets of drawings shall be submitted to the Employer for approval.
The size and layout shall be in accordance with the General Technical Requirements.
These drawings shall show the following data and information for the towers listed in the technical
Schedules including body and leg extensions:
a) An outline drawing of the tower showing all basic design dimensions.
b) Electrical clearances. Note: Deflections of insulator sets shall be considered.
c) Specified loading conditions.
d) A tabulation of the calculations showing the design of each member, i.e. steel quality, angle size,
unsupported length, slenderness ratio, number and size of connection bolts required, ultimate strength of
each member in compression, tension, shear and bearing and maximum design load from the loading
conditions.
e) A tabulation form showing the design of the redundant members.
f) Wind loads on the tower at each point of application.
g) A tabulation showing the total stress in each member due to each specified ultimate loading case.
h) Stress diagrams or computer data so that the client can readily check the strength of the tower from the
loading conditions specified.
i) A detail of the conductor, earth wire and foundation attachments, including design calculations
j) The compression and reactions and corresponding horizontal shears for each governing load case.
k) All erection shop drawings shall show the members assembled in place, clearly indicating all dimensions,
the size, number and lengths of bolts required in each connection and the piece mark of each member.
l) A bill of materials shall be prepared in tabulation form, listing all material required for fabrication and
assembly of the tower including bolts, nuts, step bolts, packings and washers. The list shall show the
number of members required, the piece mark and the total weight of the body and each extension. For
purpose of computing member weights, a specific density of 7.85 grams per cubic centimetre of steel
shall be used. Deductions shall not be made for clippings and bolt holes. All weights shall be black
weights (ungalvanized).
m) Assembly drawings.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 15 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
In marking the members, each marking shall be prefixed by letters, which indicate the type of the tower. For
members that are used in more than one type of tower, all tower-type designations shall appear on the
marking.
In addition, the members shall be marked with water-proof ink stencil minimum 25 mm high after
galvanizing to ease logistics and erection of the towers.
The diameter and the length of bolts shall be marked on each bolt end so as to be visible after galvanizing.
An additional Contractor identification mark shall be stamped immediately in front of the piece identification
marks. This Contractor identification mark shall be submitted to the Employer for acceptance and
registration prior to first use.
When towers are fabricated from steel of different qualities, an applicable suffix shall be added to the piece
mark identifying the steel class.
Identification marks shall be located conspicuously to permit easy reading. Marking of like pieces shall be
identical in location, and pieces over four (4) metres in length shall be marked at both ends.
Identification marks shall be applied as follows:
Before galvanizing - stamp with 1.6 mm deep, 12 mm minimum height steel die letters and numerals. After
galvanizing neatly stencil a 6 mm wide straight line, to underline the identification marks, made with durable
paint or ink that will adhere to the galvanized surface and remain legible.
Either attaching die stamped steel tags or plastic tags with permanent markings shall identify all small items
that are not adaptable to die marking and are not boxed. The tags shall be attached with non-corrosive wire.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 16 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
All body extension tower parts shall be packaged per unit tower per type. The weight of each package shall
not be more than three (3) metric tons. The contents of each package per unit per tower shall be identical for
any succeeding unit tower. The numbering of each package shall indicate the tower type and extension
tower number, and number of pieces included in the package.
Example:
S1 3.0 Body Ext./Tower No./Package No./Quantity
S1 6.0 Body Ext./Tower No./Package No./Quantity
All bolts and nuts with washers and plates for the body extensions shall be packaged in wooden boxes per
unit tower per type and numbered as follows:
Example:
S1 3.0 Plates & Bolts/Tower No./Package No./Quantity
All tower parts/members shall be marked as indicated in the tower parts list. The markings shall be
embossed, the size of which will be approved by the Employer.
All package numbers for the steel tower shall be in label form. The size of the label shall be 5 cm x 10 cm.
The label shall be waterproof and all letterings on the label shall be printed. This label shall be attached on
every bundle of package. Each bundle or package shall have at least two (2) labels; each label to be visible
on each side of the bundle.
All bundles or packages for steel towers shall be properly strapped to avoid disintegration of the bundle
when subjected to unnecessary impact. The strap shall be properly placed so that the breakage of one (l) or
two (2) straps will not allow disintegration of the bundle or package.
Smaller pieces shall be bundled, with all the pieces in any bundle having the same mark.
All small pieces such as bolts and connections for ground/earth wire and insulators shall be packed in boxes
of not more than 70 kg gross weight each. Bolts of different size or length shall be wrapped in separate
sacks before boxing. Description, quantity, bolt size, and length shall be clearly marked on the outside of the
sacks and boxes.
When specified in the Purchase Order, bundling and packaging shall be in lots for each individual structure.
Boxes or other containers shall be clearly marked to indicate the type of tower for which the enclosed
material is intended, and the quantity and marks or description of contents shall be shown on the outside.
Shipping shall be as specified by the Purchase Order and shall be in complete tower lots. All identifications
shown on bundles, boxes or other containers shall be included on the Contractor's shipping and packaging
lists.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 17 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
a- A Certificate of Compliance stating the following: "All work provided under this
specification complies with all requirements of this specification and accepted deviations."
b- Documents identifying deviations and their acceptance.
c- Certified mill test reports
d- Welder and weld procedure qualifications
e- NDT procedures and test reports
f- Shop test reports
The provisions of the General Technical requirements shall apply.
8.1.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Employer or the Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and
monitored by the Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation and
stringing methods, proper handling and storage, stringing methods and performance records, etc. shall be
furnished for the Employer’s review and approval.
8.1.5 TESTS
8.1.5.1 Gener al
Tests shall be carried out by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Employer before shipment of the tower
materials. All materials shall comply with test criteria, and the Employer’s acceptance of the steel towers and
its components shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all requirements of this
specification.
The Contractor shall carry out at his own expense all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of steel towers and its components in accordance with the applicable standards mentioned
herein in the specification.
The steel towers and its components shall be given the manufacturer’s routine shop tests and quality
conformance tests and shall be witnessed by the Employer, if required in the Technical Schedules, unless
waived in writing. No towers or any of its components shall be shipped until released for shipment by the
Employer.
The Contractor shall make all preparations for tests and provide test apparatus and personnel and shall notify
the Employer, the date of the tests to be witnessed forty five (45) days in advance.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 18 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The members comprising the test tower shall be of the same grade material and class of fabrication as will be
used in the construction of the towers for the line.
The tower shall sustain the load including overloads specified in this specification. These loads shall be
applied in increments and shall be held constant for a period of five (5) minutes before increasing or
removing the loads.
In addition, the Employer shall request that a destruction test of the tower be carried out. The Employer shall
specify the loading case, which will be used for this test.
The Contractor shall submit for the Employer’s approval his proposed method and facilities of applying and
measuring the loads on the structure. The load measuring devices with appropriate numbering shall be
suitably calibrated prior to and following the test in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation in
the presence of the Employer’s representative(s).
Structure deflections under load shall be measured by suitable procedure at points designated. Deflection
readings shall be recorded for the “before- load” and “load-off” conditions.
The Contractor shall submit, forty five (45) days prior to the performance of the tests, his testing programs to
the Employer for review and approval. These shall include test procedures, diagrams or test arrangements
showing the points of location and magnitude of the loads to be applied, the designated points for deflection
measurements, etc.
The tests shall be carried out in the presence of the Employer or the Employer’s representative(s), who shall
conduct a visual check and evaluate all parts of the structure(s) for sign of failure following the completion
of each test.
After completion of the test(s), the test structure can be considered "failed" if the structure experienced any
of the following:
a) After the loads have been removed, the tower structure does not return to its original position within
reasonable tolerance;
b) Failure (i.e. bending, yielding, breaking, etc.) of the material or weld is detected; and
c) Test structure does not pass all physical and dimensional checks as required in the Quality
Conformance and Acceptance Test specified in this specification.
Such a failure shall be corrected and tested at the Contractor’s expense.
The test reports shall include all the required documents according to the IEC publication 60652.
8.1.6.1 Gener al
The Contractor’s furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted
performance interface requirements and installation/stringing features of all Contractors' furnished materials.
The accuracy of such information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by
the Employer are the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 19 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
All information submitted as part of Tender Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer's approval.
8.1.6.3 Data and Information to be Fur nished After Awar d of Contr act
The following shall be submitted after award of Contract:
a. List of Drawings and schedules of submittals;
b. List of Codes used;
c. The final design calculations showing design assumptions, analysis, joint fixity, foundation fixity,
eccentricities induced to structure deflections and assumptions and computations used to determine
radius of gyration and other critical sections;
d. Foundation drawings for each type of tower;
e. Maximum moments, shears, axial loads and member section modules required and furnished for at
least every 6.0 m length, and at base, joints, splices and other critical sections;
f. Chart and sag templates;
g. Detailed assembly and fabrication drawings;
h. Bill of materials and parts list for each type of tower;
i. Weights of each section and components of each type of tower including summary of total weights
for each type of tower;
j. Test Reports;
k. Calculations of stresses in base plates, attachment connections, anchor bolts and moment
connections;
l. Stress analysis for all connections showing stress distribution against wall buckling or puncture;
m. Maximum horizontal and vertical deflection at top of structure, at shield wire and conductor
attachments, and at cross arm joints.
n. Detailed QA Program based on ISO 9001.
Erection drawings shall each show only one (1) structure with its component parts, and each piece shall have
an identification mark. The number and length of bolts, with type of washer, nuts and locknut required for
the assembly shall be shown at each connection. A complete list of material listing quantities of all material
required for the structure or part structure shown, including bolts, nuts, locknuts, washers shall be shown on
the Contractors’/Supplier’s shop detail drawings. The bill of material shall include the quantity of pieces
required, mark number, description, size, length, weight and total weight of material shown on the drawing,
and the reference drawing on which the member is detailed.
Shop detail drawings shall show each individual member’s dimensions and tolerances, welding
requirements, connections, identification mark, quantities, material designation, surface treatment, and a bill
of material.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-001 STEEL TOWERS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 20 of 20
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor/Supplier shall furnish in the manner, number of copies and within the time set forth in the
Contract, instruction manuals in accordance with the requirements of the General Technical Requirements.
The Contractor/Supplier shall furnish information indicating recommended maintenance practice,
approximate time required for routine maintenance, and tools required for maintenance.
The Contractor/Supplier shall provide the required installation instructions and technical data for proper
installation.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
8.2.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
8.2.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
8.2.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
8.2.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................2
8.2.2 CODES. AND STANDARDS .......................................................................................................2
8.2.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
8.2.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................4
8.2.3.1 Design.........................................................................................................................................4
8.2.3.2 Materials .....................................................................................................................................6
8.2.3.3 Detailing .....................................................................................................................................7
8.2.3.4 Fabrication ..................................................................................................................................7
8.2.3.5 Material Preparation ...................................................................................................................9
8.2.3.6 Welding ......................................................................................................................................9
8.2.3.7 Surface Preparation and Painting .............................................................................................10
8.2.3.8 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.......................................................................................11
8.2.3.9 Marking ....................................................................................................................................11
8.2.3.10 Quality Assurance Requirement ...........................................................................................12
8.2.4 INSTALLATION .........................................................................................................................12
8.2.5 TESTS ..........................................................................................................................................12
8.2.5.1 General .....................................................................................................................................12
8.2.5.2 Material Tests ...........................................................................................................................13
8.2.5.3 Shop Tests ................................................................................................................................13
8.2.5.4 Quality Conformance Inspection ..............................................................................................13
8.2.5.5 Load Testing (Full Scale Pole Test ) ........................................................................................14
8.2.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................14
8.2.6.1 General .....................................................................................................................................14
8.2.6.2 Data and Information to be Furnished with Tender .................................................................14
8.2.6.3 Data and Information to be Furnished After Award of Contract .............................................15
8.2.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .......................................................................................................16
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.2.1 SCOPE
8.2.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for tubular steel pole type of transmission
structures for use in overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above. The structures shall be supplied
complete with structural steel works, bolts, nuts, washers and miscellaneous fittings.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the pole structures have been designed and manufactured in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the condition and to the
standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
A435 Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates for
Pressure Vessels
A449 Specification for Quench and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs
A490 Specification for Heat Treated, Steel Structural Bolts, 150 ksi (1035 Mpa) Tensile Strength
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
A572/A573M Specification for High-Strength Low Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steels of Structural
Quality
A588/A588M Specification for High Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345 Mpa) Minimum
Yield Point to 4 in. (100mm) Thick
A615 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A633/A633M Specification for Normalized High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel
A673/A673M Specification for Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural Steel
A687 Specification for High Strength Non-Headed Steel Bolts and Studs
A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings
A871/A871M Specification for High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Atmospheric
Corrosion Resistance
F436-82 Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
These codes and standards set forth minimum requirements which may be exceeded by the Contractor if, in
the Contractor's judgment and Employer's acceptance, superior or more economic designs or materials are
available for successful and continuous operation of the Contractor's materials as required by this
specification.
In addition to the applicable standards, the Contractor shall comply with applicable national and local laws,
codes, regulations, statutes and ordinances.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The materials and services furnished shall comply with and not prevent the Employer's compliance with all
applicable standards of the local codes.
It is the intent of this specification to allow supply of poles according to the standards specified in this
specification. If the Contractor customarily produces the specified poles of national standards other than
mentioned, the Contractor shall describe the equivalences and/or differences of such standards with his
Tender. For any such standards, which are not written in the English language, the Contractor shall make
available copies of an English translation thereof. In any event, the Contractor shall list all those standards he
proposes to use in the supply of the specified poles.
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards or theses specifications, the Contractor shall refer the
conflict to the Employer for written resolution.
8.2.3.1 Design
8.2.3.1.1 General
All designs are to be made in accordance with the information provided in this Specification, Technical
Schedules and on the accompanying Conceptual Drawings. All outline dimensions are fixed but where no
dimensions are given, modifications can be made to suit the Contractor’s design, subject to compliance with
all the requirements of the specification.
The structure design calculations shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. It shall be designed for the
configuration, loadings and limitations provided elsewhere in the tender documents.
The Contractor, at the Employer’s request, shall explain and provide all the necessary information pertaining
to the design of any or all elements of the structure. In the event that the Contractor fails to provide
satisfactory explanations of any assumptions made in the designs, all modifications, which in the opinion of
the Employer are deemed necessary, shall be made at no extra cost to the Employer.
Wind pressures specified and clearances are based on members of circular cross section. Values shall be
adjusted by the Contractor as necessary to reflect the shape factor of the tubular sections actually furnished.
Structures shall be designed so that member unit stress does not exceed the yield point stress of the material.
The ratio of major axis of tubular diameter to wall thickness shall be such that local buckling does not govern
member design. Structure deflections shall conform to NEMA Standard Publication No. SG-6-Part 36 and
deflections shall be based on net loads.
Columns shall have a welded base drilled to fit the foundation anchor bolt pattern.
Columns shall be either circular in cross section or polygonal with a minimum of eight sides, and shall be
tapered from top to the base.
The crossarm member shall be of the same cross section as columns, with taper and upsweep conforming to
the Employer’s general arrangement drawings. The strength of the attachment of crossarms to the columns
shall be sufficient to develop the full capability of the crossarm.
The tensile stress perpendicular to the grain of steel specified for rolled plates shall not exceed 235 N/mm2
regardless of the published or actual yield strength of the material.
Members requiring more than one length of tubular section shall be constructed by telescoping the sections
together with sufficient overlap to develop the full strength of the member. Minimum overlap shall be 1.5
times the tubular diameter for each section. Alternative methods may be recommended by Contractor and
submitted to the Employer for consideration and possible acceptance.
Where a splice can develop tension, as in rigid frames, it shall be provided with a positive bolted connection
so that the elevations between adjacent rigid frame columns can be maintained.
Members that are to be painted shall be constructed of plates appropriately shaped to form a hermetically
sealed tubular section having a constant taper. Hermetically sealed units are not required for galvanized
tubular sections.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Rigging accessories, insulator attachment plates, ladder and lighting brackets, and hand line attachments
shall be welded to the structure.
The allowable bond stress on anchor bolts shall be compared in accordance with ACI 318. The allowable
concrete compressive stress shall be as specified in the Foundation Specifications. Anchor bolts shall be
designed to transfer the load to the foundation without the use of grout under the base plate.
8.2.3.1.4 Clearance
The structural framing shall be such as to maintain the clearances between conductor and steel as shown on
the drawings. The path of the conductors and jumpers should be accounted for when checking these
clearances.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Sag and tension charts for conductors and earth wires shall be submitted by the Contractor in good time for
examination and approval prior to commencement of stringing.
8.2.3.1.7 Analysis
Elastic methods of analysis shall be used. Stability shall be provided for the structure as a whole and for each
structural element. The load effects resulting from the deflected shape of the structure and individual
elements shall be considered.
The analysis shall include all structural members (including interpole ties, bracings and guys, if required) in
their actual, manufactured geometry and sizes. When values for the following are specified in the tender
documents, the analysis shall include: differences in support elevation, support movement and erection
tolerances.
8.2.3.2.1 General
All materials shall comply with the requirements of an ASTM specification unless otherwise specified.
Material to be welded shall comply with the requirements of ANSI/AWS D1.1.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.2.3.3 Detailing
8.2.3.4.1 General
Fabrication shall be performed in strict compliance with the Employer’s approved shop detail drawings.
Material substitution or deviations from the final approved drawings shall not be made without written
approval from the Employer.
The manufacturer shall accurately identify all material to assure proper usage.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The cross section of the pole shall be as stated in the Technical Schedules with all sides equal. Shaft
diameter of a fabricated section should not be less than the design diameter.
8.2.3.4.5 Anchorage
Poles shall be furnished for concrete anchor base construction. Minimum compressive strength of concrete
shall be as stated in the Foundation Specifications.
8.2.3.4.8 Crossarms
Crossarms shall be furnished with hoisting lugs to facilitate line construction and maintenance.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
On longer transmission lines aerial number plates (one on each side) shall be provided and fixed in an
approved position on the top of every tenth pole.
Enamelled plates shall be provided with fibre washers, front and back, at the securing screws or bolts.
Grounding/Earthwire Provision
Grounding clamps or nuts suitable for the size of ground/earth wire specified in the Technical Specifications
for grounding/earthing shall be provided near the top and base of each pole. The wire lug shall be welded to
the exterior of all tubular column sections near the top and the base for grounding/earthing, in addition to any
other ground/earth wire requirements shown on the Employer’s general arrangement drawing.
8.2.3.6 Welding
Unless otherwise specified herein, or noted on the Employer’s design drawings, welding shall conform to the
AISC Specification and welder and weld procedure qualifications shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1,
Section 5 “ Qualifications”. A written welding procedure specification shall be prepared for each procedure
and submitted for review and acceptance by the Employer prior to use. Weld details on the Contractor’s shop
detail drawings shall include identification of weld and method to be used for making the weld in accordance
with AWS D1.1, Section 2, “Design of Welded Connections”, and Section 4, Technique.
Preheat and interpass temperature of AWS D1.1 shall be followed. Welding shall be done by the shield
metal-arc, gas shielded flux core, gas shield metal-arc or submerged-arc processes. Welding electrodes shall
be AWS A5.1, low hydrogen classification E70XX-EXXX, for submerged arc welding, unless noted
otherwise on the Employer’s design drawings. Where steel other than ASTM A36 is specified electrode
selection will be subject to acceptance by the Employer.
The storage of welding consumables (welding wire, electrodes, fluxes and gases) shall be in accordance with
AWS D1.1 and the welding consumables manufacturer’s recommendations.
Care shall be taken in assembling and fitting, and welding shall be controlled to minimize shrinkage stresses
and distortion. All finished work shall be of good quality and have a neat appearance without warpage.
Caution shall be exercised to obtain full penetration welds where specified on the Employer’s design
drawings.
When inspection of a weld zone is called for on the Employer’s design drawings, procedures shall be in
accordance with non-destructive testing procedures of AWS D1.1 and the following additional requirements:
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Circumferential and longitudinal welds within the slip joint area of tubular sections shall be shear wave
ultrasonically inspected in accordance with NEMA No. TT-1.
Longitudinal welds in tubular sections, which do not meet the acceptance criteria of visual inspection, shall
be magnetic particle or dye penetrant tested.
Base plate fillet welds shall be ultrasonically inspected prior to and after galvanizing or painting in
accordance with NEMA No. TT-1.
Attachment welds shall be examined by magnetic particle or dye penetrant testing in accordance with AWS
D1.1.
The Contractor shall furnish a shop test report indicating complete test results of all non-destructive testing
and inspection conducted.
The final weld of a component designated for stress relief on the Employer’s design drawings shall be
subjected to ultrasonic inspection prior to and after stress relieving.
8.2.3.7.1 Galvanizing
Unless otherwise specified, all structural steel shall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication in accordance
with ASTM A123. SSPC SP8 surface preparation will proceed galvanizing. Exposed welds shall be
mechanically cleaned.
Fabrication and preparation of material for galvanizing shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A143.
When specified in the Technical Schedules, embrittlement test of designated galvanized material shall be
performed in accordance with ASTM A143.
Bolts, nuts and washers shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153. Bolts and nuts shall be
assembled after galvanizing and shall fit with finger pressure only and nuts shall be interchangeable on any
bolts without shake. Wrench tightness or spinning fit shall be cause for rejection.
All anchor bolts shall be galvanized for the threaded length plus 152.4 mm.
Repair of damaged hot dip galvanized surfaces shall be in accordance with ASTM A780.
Only virgin zinc shall be used in galvanizing, and the use of re-melted zinc is prohibited. Inspection of
galvanizing shall follow the procedures of the AZI Inspection Manual.
Heavy runs or lumps of excess zinc will not be acceptable in any area where they will interfere with bolt hole
alignment (such as the “drip end” of punched angle braces, etc.), with matching flat surfaces which are to be
bolted together, or are of such size and location that normal handling or erection may cause them to be
dislodged. Sharp, pointed, “stickers” of zinc, which could cause injuries in handling, shall be removed.
Straightening of steel after galvanizing shall be accomplished without the use of heat. Steel so straightened
shall be inspected to assure no deformation or cracking of galvanizing layer.
The zinc coating shall withstand the minimum number of dips of the Preece Test, according to ASTM A329.
Bolts shall be spun-galvanized and rechasing of bolt threads after galvanizing shall not be permitted. Nut
threads shall be tapped after galvanizing but not to cause appreciable rocking of the nuts to the bolts.
All materials shall be cleaned and washed after galvanizing to remove traces of flux, flux inclusions, preflux
slats, acid ash, dross or other extraneous materials. The presence of wet storage stain (White Rust) shall be
cause for rejection.
Pipe, tubing or box sections shall not be double-dipped.
8.2.3.7.2 Painting
When a painted finish is specified, the paint shall be environmentally friendly, with high solids content, low
Volatile Organic Compounds, and within toxic acceptable levels.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Only the following materials will be acceptable in the formulation of the paint system:
- Triglycidyl Isocyanurate (TGIC) or Urethane polyester powder
- Two-component Organic Zinc-Rich Urethane liquid
- Zinc Rich Epoxy powder
- Two-component Polyamidoamine Epoxy liquid
- Two-component Acrylic Aliphatic Poly -Urethane liquid
- Two-component Tar-Extended Polyurethane Liquid with Pre-catalyzed one component Polyurethane
resin (touch-up)
The paint system formulation shall be agreed upon between the Employer and the Contractor before
acceptance of the purchase order and will be clearly stated on the purchase order.
The Contractor shall furnish as part of the scope of supply for the poles touch-up material with each type of
pole structure.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Identification marks shall be applied by stamping into the steel a 1.6 mm deep identification mark before
galvanizing using 15 mm minimum height, steel die letters and numerical. After galvanizing, a straight line
with a minimum width of 6 mm shall be stencilled to underline the identification marks. The stencilled line
shall be made with durable paint or ink that will adhere to the galvanized surface, and be legible. All small
items that are not adaptable to die marking and are not boxed shall be identified by either attaching die
stamped steel tags or standard white cloth shipping tags. The tags shall be attached with non-corrosive wire.
8.2.4 INSTALLATION
Installation will be by the Employer or the Contractor as specified in the Technical Schedules and
monitored by the Employer’s representative(s).
When the installation is by the Contractor such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation and
stringing methods, proper handling and storage, stringing methods and performance records, etc., shall be
furnished for the Employer’s review and approval.
8.2.5 TESTS
8.2.5.1 Gener al
All materials shall comply with the test criteria, and the Employer’s acceptance of the steel poles and its
components shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the requirements of this
specification.
The Contractor shall carry out at his own expense all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of steel poles and its components in accordance with the applicable standards mentioned herein
in the specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The steel poles and its components shall be given the manufacturer’s routine shop tests and quality
conformance tests and shall be witnessed by the Employer, if required, unless waived in writing. No steel
poles shall be shipped until released for shipment by the Employer.
The Contractor shall make all preparations for tests and provide the test apparatus and personnel and shall
notify the Employer the date of the tests to be witnessed forty five (45) days in advance.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 14 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.2.6.1 Gener al
The Contractor’s furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted
performance interface requirements and installation/stringing features of all Contractors' furnished materials.
The accuracy of such information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by
the Employer are the sole responsibility of the Contractor.
All information submitted as part of Tender Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer's approval.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 15 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8.2.6.3 Data and Information to be Fur nished After Awar d of Contr act
The following shall be submitted after award of Contract:
a. List of Drawings and schedules of submittals;
b. List of Codes used;
c. The final design calculations showing design assumptions, analysis, joint fixity,
foundation fixity, eccentricities induced to structure deflections and assumptions and
computations used to determine radius of gyration and other critical sections;
d. Foundation drawings for each type of poles;
e. Maximum moments, shears, axial loads and member section modules required and
furnished for at least every 20 foot (6.09 m) length, and at base, joints, splices and
other critical sections;
f. Chart and sag templates;
g. Detailed assembly and fabrication drawings;
h. Bill of materials and parts list for each type of pole;
i. Weights of each section and components of each type of pole including summary of
total weights for each type of pole;
j. Test Reports;
k. Calculations of stresses in base plates, attachment connections, anchor bolts and
moment connections;
l. Stress analysis for all connections showing stress distribution against wall buckling
or puncture;
m. Maximum horizontal and vertical deflection at the top of the structure, at shield wire
and conductor attachments, and at cross arm joints.
n. Detailed QA Program based on ISO 9001.
Erection drawings shall each show only one (1) structure with its component parts, and each piece shall have
an identification mark. The number and length of bolts, with type of washer, nuts and locknut required for
the assembly shall be shown at each connection. A complete list of material listing quantities of all material
required for the structure or part structure shown, including bolts, nuts, locknuts, washers shall be shown on
Contractor’s/Supplier’s shop detail drawings. The bill of material shall include the quantity of pieces
required, mark number, description, size, length, weight and total weight of material shown on the drawing,
and the reference drawing on which the member is detailed.
Shop detail drawings shall show each individual member’s dimensions and tolerances, welding
requirements, connections, identification mark, quantities, material designation, surface treatment, and a bill
of material.
The Contractor/Supplier shall furnish in the manner, number of copies and within the time set forth in the
Contract, instruction manuals in accordance with the requirements of the General Technical Requirements.
The Contractor/Supplier shall furnish information indicating recommended maintenance practice,
approximate time required for routine maintenance, and tools required for maintenance.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-08-002 STEEL POLES Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 16 of 16
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor/Supplier shall provide the required installation instructions and technical data for proper
installation.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING SP
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
9.1.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................2
9.1.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
9.1.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ....................................................................................2
9.1.1.3 Works to be provided by Employer............................................................................................2
9.1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................2
9.1.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................2
9.1.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................3
9.1.3.1 General .......................................................................................................................................3
9.1.3.2 Workmanship .............................................................................................................................3
9.1.3.3 Zinc Coating ...............................................................................................................................3
9.1.3.4 Specific Requirements ................................................................................................................3
9.1.3.5 Marking ......................................................................................................................................4
9.1.3.6 Operating Environment ..............................................................................................................4
9.1.3.7 Preparation for Shipping and Storage.........................................................................................4
9.1.3.8 Quality Assurance Requirements ...............................................................................................5
9.1.3.9 Other Technical Requirements for the Grounding Materials .....................................................5
9.1.4 INSTALLATION ...........................................................................................................................5
9.1.5 TEST ..............................................................................................................................................5
9.1.5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................5
9.1.5.2 Type Tests ..................................................................................................................................5
9.1.5.3 Quality Conformance Tests (Sample Test) and Routine Tests...................................................5
9.1.5.4 Field Tests ..................................................................................................................................6
9.1.5.5 Test Reports................................................................................................................................6
9.1.6 DATA AND DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................6
9.1.6.1 General .......................................................................................................................................6
9.1.6.2 Data and Information to be Submitted With Tender ..................................................................7
9.1.6.3 Data and Information to be Submitted After Award of Contract ...............................................7
9.1.6.4 Data Submission Schedule .........................................................................................................8
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
9.1.1 SCOPE
9.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for grounding materials for use in
switchyards, substations and overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear full responsibility that the grounding materials have been designed and
manufactured in accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and perform under the conditions
and to the standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/supplier(s) a statement as to compliance
with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail
and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are
taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
9.1.3.1 Gener al
Grounding materials shall be constituted of counterpoise wires and earth rods made of materials specified in
the Technical Schedules and accessories such as compression and/or bolted terminals and connectors,
corrosion protective vinyl tapes, bolts and nuts as shown in the Employer's drawings.
The proposed assembly items in the Tender shall consist of a combination of the counterpoise wire and earth
rod with the associated connectors and accessories as follows:
a) Earth Rod: Type G-1 consisting of a ground rod and adequate length of ground conductor of
the type specified in the Technical Schedules and one terminal connector.
b) Counterpoise Wire: Type G-2 consisting of a ground rod and 40m length of ground
conductor of the type specified in the Technical Schedules, one terminal connector and
vinyl tape.
9.1.3.2 Workmanship
All parts shall be new and of the highest class, and shall be furnished uniformly in quality and smoothly on
the surface in conformity to the best commercial practice without any harmful defects such as flaws, ruts,
cracks, etc.
All wires of the counterpoise wire shall be concentrically stranded. The wires in each layer shall be evenly
and closely stranded around the underlying wire(s). The tension in individual wires in a layer shall be
sufficient to hold each wire firmly in place with only enough strand separation to prevent crowding or “bird-
caging” at the time of stranding and during handling and installation.
The design of adjacent metal parts and contacting surfaces shall be so made as to prevent corrosions of the
contact surfaces and to maintain good electrical contact under service conditions.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
For copper ground rods, the ground rod shall have a conical swaged point at one end and shall have a
continuous smooth copper covering of at least 0.254 mm thickness molten or copper bonded (electro-
deposit) to a steel core. The copper clad or pressed type will not be accepted.
9.1.3.4.4 Terminal Connector
Each terminal for connecting the counterpoise wire or wire from the ground rod to the tower leg shall be as
stated in the Technical Schedules and shall be of the make suited for the type of ground conductor that will
be applied and to the galvanized tower leg. If copper grounding will be used, the terminal connector for the
tower leg should be provide with bimetal insert, which will be suitable to both the tower leg and the ground
conductor. The shape of the terminal and the sectional shape shall be as shown in the Employer's drawings.
9.1.3.4.5 Vinyl Tape
The vinyl tape for protection against corrosion of the counterpoise wire shall be supplied in an adequate
quantity by the Contractor, and the amount shall be submitted by the Contractor together with the Tender.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
i - Dimensions
j - Handling instructions
k - Quantity
l - Gross weight (kg)
m - Net weight (kg)
n - Tare weight (kg)
9.1.3.9 Other Technical Requir ements for the Gr ounding Mater ials
Other features for the grounding materials, if required by the Employer are stated in the Technical
Schedules.
9.1.4 INSTALLATION
Installation of grounding materials and accessories will be by the Employer or the Contractor as specified in
the Technical Schedules and monitored by the Employer’s representative(s).
In order to prevent pilfering, the ground electrode shall be embedded inside the concrete pad- and chimney
foundations, up to the appropriate depth, and on towers with grillage foundations, the ground electrodes shall
be attached underground.
When the installation is by the Contractor, such as for turnkey contracts, complete details of installation,
proper handling, transport and storage at site, testing, performance guarantees, etc., shall be furnished for the
Employer’s review and approval.
9.1.5 TEST
9.1.5.1 Gener al
Grounding materials and accessories shall comply with the test criteria, and the Employer’s acceptance of
grounding materials and accessories shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for meeting all the
requirements of this specification.
The Contractor shall carry out, at his own expense all tests necessary to ensure the satisfactory design and
manufacture of the grounding materials and accessories are in accordance with the applicable IEC Standards.
All routine tests required in the applicable standards shall be witnessed by Employer or his authorized
representative unless otherwise waived in the Technical Schedules and no grounding materials and
accessories shall be shipped until released for shipment by the Employer.
The Contractor shall make all preparations for tests and provide the test apparatus and personnel and shall
notify the Employer the date of the test forty five (45) days in advance.
Actual test procedures to be used shall be subject to the Employer’s acceptance and approval.
9.1.5.3 Quality Confor mance Tests (Sample Test) and Routine Tests
Quality Conformance Tests are intended to verify the quality of materials and workmanship. They are to be
made on materials taken on random from the various lots offered for acceptance. Routine tests on the other
hand, are intended to eliminate defective materials. They are also to be made on every material of the type to
which they are applicable.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
In general, the following quality conformance and routine tests shall be performed as a minimum:
For the ground wire:
The following inspections and tests shall be carried out on the stranded wire and individual wires:
a) Individual wire
- Visual and Dimensions
- Tensile strength, elongation and twisting
- Zinc coating: Coating weight, uniformity and wrapping (if galvanized earth conductor is
required
b) Stranded wire
- Visual and Construction
- Weight
- Breaking strength
9.1.6.1 Gener al
Contractor furnished data and information shall be the guaranteed performance data, predicted performance
interface requirements and installation features of all Contractors' furnished materials. The accuracy of such
information and its compatibility with overall performance requirements specified by the Employer are the
sole responsibility of the Contractor.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
All information submitted as part of Tender Data will become part of contract data for the successful
Contractor. Any deviation from such data requires the Employer's approval.
The Contractor shall furnish information indicating recommended maintenance practice, approximate time
required for maintenance (if required) and the list of spare parts and tools required for this maintenance.
The Contractor shall provide the required installation instructions and technical data for proper installation.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-09-001 GROUNDING MATERIALS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 8
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION SP
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION
CONTENTS
10.1.1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................................................3
10.1.1.1 General ...................................................................................................................................3
10.1.1.2 Works to be provided by the Contractor ................................................................................3
10.1.1.3 Works to be provided by the Employer...................................................................................3
10.1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS .........................................................................................................3
10.1.3 RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) ...................................................................................................................4
10.1.4 ACCESS FOR CONSTRUCTION .........................................................................................................4
10.1.5 BUSH CLEARING .............................................................................................................................5
10.1.6 CROSSINGS .....................................................................................................................................5
10.1.7 MATERIAL TRANSPORT AND HANDLING ........................................................................................6
10.1.8 LINE SURVEYS AND DESIGN ............................................................................................................6
10.1.8.1 Profile Survey .........................................................................................................................6
10.1.8.2 Plan and Profile Drawings.....................................................................................................6
10.1.8.3 Clearances ..............................................................................................................................7
10.1.8.4 Tower/pole Application Charts ..............................................................................................7
10.1.8.5 Sag Template ..........................................................................................................................7
10.1.8.6 Tower/pole Plotting ................................................................................................................8
10.1.8.7 Site Inspection, Tower/pole Locations ...................................................................................8
10.1.9 SOIL INVESTIGATIONS ....................................................................................................................8
10.1.9.1 General ...................................................................................................................................8
10.1.9.2 Light Ram Sounding (Kunzelstab) Test and Test Pitting ........................................................9
10.1.9.3 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)............................................................................................9
10.1.9.4 Dutch Cone Test (CPT) ........................................................................................................10
10.1.9.5 Vane Shear Test ....................................................................................................................10
10.1.9.6 Soil Resistivity Tests .............................................................................................................10
10.1.9.7 Soil Laboratory Analysis ......................................................................................................10
10.1.9.8 Chemical Analysis ................................................................................................................10
10.1.9.9 Data obtained .......................................................................................................................10
10.1.10 FOUNDATIONS ..........................................................................................................................11
10.1.10.1 Foundation Types .................................................................................................................11
10.1.10.2 Design Criteria .....................................................................................................................12
10.1.10.3 Pole and Tower leg connection and anchorage ...................................................................15
10.1.10.4 Setting Out of Foundations...................................................................................................16
10.1.10.5 Foundations Located in Slopes ............................................................................................16
10.1.10.6 Foundation Tolerances.........................................................................................................16
10.1.10.7 Soil Excavation .....................................................................................................................16
10.1.10.8 Rock Excavation ...................................................................................................................17
10.1.10.9 Backfill..................................................................................................................................17
10.1.10.10 Stub Setting ...........................................................................................................................17
10.1.10.11 Concrete Work ......................................................................................................................18
10.1.10.12 Rock Anchors........................................................................................................................21
10.1.10.13 Foundation Uplift Test .........................................................................................................22
10.1.11 PILES FOR TOWER/POLE FOUNDATIONS ..................................................................................22
10.1.11.1 Type of Piles .........................................................................................................................22
10.1.11.2 Size and Length of Piles .......................................................................................................22
10.1.11.3 Materials for Piles ................................................................................................................23
10.1.11.4 Concrete for Piles Against Sulphates in Soils ......................................................................23
10.1.11.5 Structural Design of Piles ....................................................................................................23
10.1.11.6 Detail of Piles .......................................................................................................................24
10.1.11.7 Manufacture of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Piles................................................25
10.1.11.8 Installation of Pile ................................................................................................................26
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.1 SCOPE
10.1.1.1 Gener al
This specification covers the technical and associated requirements for the construction of overhead
transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all technical requirements nor to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable codes and standards. The Contractor shall furnish high quality materials
meeting the requirements of this specification and applicable industry standards.
The Contractor shall bear the full responsibility that the design and construction have been undertaken in
accordance with all standards and applicable regulations and that all materials, equipment and accessories
supplied perform under the conditions and to the standards specified herein.
No deviations shall be made from this specification and standards unless waived or modified in writing by
the Employer. The Contractor shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s)/suppliers(s) a statement as to
compliance with this specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be
described in detail and included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no
other exceptions are taken to this specification.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 4 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Contractor shall make available copies of an English translation thereof. In any event, the Contractor shall list
all those standards he proposes to use in the supply of the specified materials and construction of the Works.
In the event of any apparent conflict among standards or theses specifications, the Contractor shall refer the
conflict to the Employer for written resolution.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
disturbed during the execution of the Works and shall remove all surplus construction material after erection.
Temporary provisions shall be made by the Contractor to prevent straying of, or damage to, livestock during
the execution of the Works and until the permanent reinstatement of fences, walls, hedges, gates and the like
is completed. The Contractor shall be held responsible for any damage to livestock due to failure to comply
with the above requirements.
In the event of any dispute or complaint arising between the owner or occupant of property and the
Contractor over reinstatement of fences or gates, damage to crops, or over other works on his property, the
Contractor shall attend to the matter properly and immediately inform the Employer of the circumstances.
10.1.6 CROSSINGS
The Contractor shall make all necessary temporary provisions and take all necessary precautions, including
the erection of guard structures as required where the line crosses roads, railways, telecommunication lines,
power lines, buildings, rivers or other obstacles, in order to maintain the safety of the public and to avoid
damage. The Contractor shall notify the Employer and the owner of any such obstacle in reasonable time
before he intends to make the crossing.
Prior to making the crossing the Contractor shall obtain the Employer's approval of the precautionary
arrangements and installation methods intended for use, and the time required for the work.
The relevant National regulations shall be complied with for all crossings.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
No additional payment shall be made for any temporary guarding or scaffolding required for erection of the
conductors at such crossings.
If not stated otherwise in the Technical Schedules existing power lines will have to be shut down before
stringing of conductors and earth-wires at crossing points. Where possible, this work shall be carried out on
weekdays, but where necessary it may have to be undertaken on Sundays or public holidays. In any event,
the work shall be carried out only under the supervision of the Employer or their representative, and the
Contractor shall give a minimum of ten (10) days clear notice of the dates on which each crossing is to be
effected, or such other time as may be required by the Employer. No extra charge, in addition to the prices
quoted for stringing in the Schedules of Quantities, for work required to be carried out on Sundays or public
holidays will be accepted.
Ground details, buildings, etc., shall be shown to within the distance on either side of the centre line as
specified in the Technical Schedules.
A north arrow shall be shown for each plan and profile sheet.
Location and description of benchmarks and other ground control survey monuments shall be shown.
Route or section length on plan centre line, every whole kilometre with a heavy line, and a tick mark at 100
metre intervals shall be shown.
Survey sketches of power and telephone lines crossing the new line shall be made and show the following
details:
o Voltage,
o Tower/pole numbers,
o Rough sketch of tower/pole configurations,
o Centre of the two nearest towers/poles on the left and right side of the centre line, even when
these are further away from the centre line than 30 m,
o Angle between crossing line and profile centreline,
o Elevation of suspension points of conductors and earth wires.
o Sag of conductors between two structures,
o Temperature at time of survey.
o Centre line profile of the crossing line shall be shown.
Where the side slope is 5% or greater side profiles shall be shown for the left and right side of the centre line
at the distances as specified in the Technical Schedules.
Profile lines shall be indicated as follows, looking in the direction of the higher station number:
o Centreline profile : solid line ( )
o Up-slope profile 1 : dotted line, from C/L (.............)
o Up-slope profile 2 : dashed line, from C/L (--------)
The Contractor shall also provide a master plan, preferably to a scale of 1:50,000 to correlate all survey
sheets, indicate main communications, property boundaries, trigonometrical stations relative to the line route,
and tabulate all data required for pegging of tower/pole positions, including angle points with the appropriate
measurements and directions and angles of deviation.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.9.1 Gener al
The Contractor shall be responsible, at costs included in the Schedule of Quantities, for ascertaining that the
foundations to be employed are suitable for the sub-soils encountered at each tower/pole site. For this
purpose the Contractor will be responsible for the classifying of the sub-soils at each tower/pole site at an
early stage of the Contract.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Consequently, the Contractor shall perform sub-soil investigations at a sufficient number of tower/pole
locations to the depth and methods approved by the Employer. The details of performing the tests, tools and
equipment to be used shall be submitted to the Employer for approval.
The minimum extent of soil investigations shall be as follows:
o General soil survey along the alignment to record terrain types, surface soils, and any risk of
flooding.
o Light ram sounding (Kunzelstab test) and shallow test pit (minimum 2.5 m depth) with soil
classification for at least every 2 km of the alignment.
o Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) or CPT for at least every 10 km of the alignment.
o Additional Kunzelstab, SPT or CPT in-between in case of variations in the soil conditions.
o Vane shear tests in case soft clay soil is encountered.
The Contractor shall issue a detailed programme for the soil investigations, which shall be submitted, to the
Employer for approval. The Employer may order additional borings during the course of the work.
The sub-soil investigations shall be carried out under the supervision of a qualified soils engineer, who shall be
subject to approval of the Employer. An approved soil test laboratory shall carry out analyses of soil samples.
All results together with geotechnical assessments and foundation recommendations shall be submitted to the
Employer as a soils report issued by a qualified geotechnical consultant.
Depending on the foundation type used, the Contractor shall be responsible for ascertaining that the sub-soil is
not of a nature such as to cause corrosion of buried steelwork or deterioration of concrete.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any tower/pole settlement or failure due, in the opinion of the
Employer, to insufficient care having been taken in his investigation of ground conditions or in design or
installation of the foundations.
Soil investigations will be paid for the items and at rates as shown in the Bill of Quantities, i.e. by number of
soundings / borings of the different types and the number of laboratory tests. Soil resistivity tests will be paid
by a Lump Sum for all testing. All mobilisation, demobilisation, general soil survey, transport and moving
between tower/pole sites, transport of samples, supervision, geotechnical assessments and reporting, etc., shall
be included in the rates.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
done below a casing according to standard procedure. Samples taken with the split spoon sampler shall be
subjected to soil classification and routine laboratory testing. The data obtained shall be prepared in final
approved form to show the penetration records and soil types.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
laboratory test data. The data thus obtained shall be prepared in final approved form to show the nature and
extent of the soil strata over the area under consideration and recommended bearing capacities.
Selection of foundation type shall be made for each tower/pole foundation to suit its particular site
conditions. The Employer reserves the right to make the final selection of foundation type for each
tower/pole site based upon its judgement of the nature of sub-soil conditions or other factors affecting
construction or operation of the transmission line.
Four copies of the final soils report and foundation list in an approved form shall be submitted for approval
of the Employer.
All sub-soil investigations and tests shall be made as soon as possible after award of the Contract. Field and
laboratory test logs shall be submitted to the Employer as agreed during the investigation period. Final soils
report and final foundation list shall be submitted within six months after award of the Contract.
10.1.10 FOUNDATIONS
10.1.10.1.1 General
Suitable types of foundations shall be designed for each soil class and tower/pole type:
o Steel grillage foundations for all tower types.
o Type concrete pad and chimney, all tower/pole types.
o Rock foundations for all tower/pole types.
o Special foundations, i.e. raft type or piled type in very poor soil conditions, for all
tower/pole types when and if necessary.
As far as practical, for any one standard tower/pole type, the foundation stubs and the foundations
themselves shall be identical for standard towers/poles and extended towers/poles.
For the standard lattice tower types, the design of the foundations for the compression and the tension leg
shall be the same.
Foundation design shall be modified when this is necessary due to ground water, or other complications, in
order to provide the required factors of safety.
The upper surface of all types of concrete foundations shall be sloped in an approved manner to prevent
accumulation of water and the whole exposed surface shall be rendered with concrete composed of one part
of cement and two parts of sand.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The tower stubs, which shall have the same inclination as the tower leg member, shall extend into the main
concrete block.
All steelwork below ground level (except concrete reinforcement rods) shall be completely galvanised and
firmly keyed and grounded into concrete designed to withstand the load due to the specified conditions.
Concrete shall be reinforced in order to ensure that the concrete stresses do not exceed the allowable stresses.
10.1.10.2.1 General
Foundations shall be designed for all the specified tower/pole types for a variety of soil conditions, both in
dry and fully submerged conditions, and for rock. The tendering shall be based on the soil types described in
this Chapter and the Technical Schedules.
The responsibility for proving the adequacy of the foundation type at each tower/pole site shall rest with the
Contractor. The necessary soil surveys and tests shall therefore be undertaken by the Contractor in
accordance with these specifications, including also assessment of the highest occurring ground water levels
and any risk of flooding. In waterlogged locations, the Contractor shall make water analysis to assess the
suitable cement type and corrosion risk of buried steel.
In exceptionally poor soil special foundation designs such as rafts or piling may be required, or removal of
poor soil and backfill with better materials.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Suggested foundation types and conceptual foundation designs are shown on the conceptual design drawings
of foundations.
The Contractor shall with his Tender submit calculations and drawings of his proposed designs. The
drawings shall show structural arrangement and details as well as geometry and volume of excavation,
concrete and reinforcement.
The Contractor may propose alternative types of foundations to those indicated in the technical
specifications, providing these comply with all requirements specified. The alternatives shown in the Tender
documents shall in any case be priced, while alternatives shall be priced separately.
10.1.10.2.2 Concrete
Concrete shall have a minimum 28 day's strength as specified in the Technical Schedules in accordance
with BS 1881/BS EN12390.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 14 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Tu − Wc − Wsv Mup × do
3. Pile Foundation : Pu = + ≤ 1.5 Pua
n ∑d 2
c) Overturning + Compression Requirements;
B Moc
1. Pad Foundation : E ≤ where E ≤
6 Qz + Wsv + Wc
Qz + Wc Mcp × do
2. Pile Foundation : Pc = + ≤ 1.5 Pca
n ∑d 2
d) Pad Foundations Limiting Soil Bearing Pressure Requirements;
B Qc + Wc 6e
1. E ≤ , 1 + ≤ 0.75σ
6 B 2 B
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 15 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
B 2(Qz + Wc )
2. E > , ≤ 0.75σ
6 B
3B − e
2
Moc
Note: e =
Qz + Wc
Where;
Wc = Effective weight of concrete foundation
Ws = Effective weight of soil in inverted truncated pyramid (excluding volume of concrete embedded
therein) extending upward from the top edge of foundation pad toward the ground surface.
Pyramid volume is defined by applicable "angle of repose". The critical surface at ground level of
the pyramid volume is defined as square with a quarter of circle at the corner.
Wsv = Effective weight of rectangular block of soil (excluding volume of concrete embedded therein)
lying directly above foundation pad.
Fr = Ultimate frictional resistance which can be mobilized around the periphery of a rock foundation.
Tu = Ultimate axial foundation design load in uplift.
Qz = Ultimate axial foundation design load in compression.
Pua = Allowable capacity of driven pile in tension.
Pca = Allowable capacity of driven pile in compression.
Mrs = Resisting moment (about toe of pad) caused by effective weight of soil above foundation pad.
Mrc = Resisting moment (about toe of pad) caused by effective weight of foundation concrete.
Mrp = Resisting moment (about toe of pad) caused by passive earth pressure acting on vertical surfaces of
foundation concrete from 0.5 meter below ground line to base of foundation.
Mrf = Resisting moment (about toe of pad) caused by vertical friction forces which can be mobilized
around the periphery of a footing pad or rock foundation.
Mou = Ultimate overturning moment (about toe of pad) caused by foundation design loads (axial uplift
and horizontal web shears) applied at the top of the foundation.
Moc = Ultimate overturning moment (about centre line of bottom face of the pad) caused by foundation
design loads (vertical compression and horizontal web shears) applied at the top of the foundation.
Mup = Ultimate overturning moment (about C.G. (centre of gravity) of pile group) which is caused by
foundation design loads (vertical uplifts and horizontal shears) applied at the top of the foundation.
Mcp = Ultimate overturning moment (about C.G. of pile group) which is caused by foundation design
loads (axial compression and horizontal web shears) applied at the top of the foundation.
n = number of driven piles in a given pile group.
do = Distance from C.G. of pile group to outermost pile.
d = Distance from C.G. of pile group to any given pile in the group.
B = Width of footing pad.
σ = Applicable net ultimate bearing capacity of the soil.
E = Eccentricity of the gross bearing pressure distribution on the base of a pad with respect to the C.G.
of the pad.
e = Eccentricity of the net bearing pressure distribution on the base of a pad with respect to the C.G. of
the pad.
Pu = Ultimate load on individual pile in tension.
Pc = Ultimate load on individual pile in compression.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 16 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Cleats bolted to the stub to provide adequate bond with the concrete shall provide the anchorage of the steel
stub angle in concrete foundations.
All stub angles shall have at least two cleats at the lower end. Minimum embedded length at the stub angle
shall be as required to resist pullout.
The spacing between cleats shall be three times the flange width of the cleat. Minimum distance from upper
cleat to the top of concrete shall be eight times the flange width of the cleat angle.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 17 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
If excavations are left open for more than a few days, they shall be fenced or otherwise protected to prevent
people and animals from falling in. Thorn bush, etc. may be used for fencing of the excavations.
Foundations intended for soil shall not be placed directly on bare rock. Minimum 10 cm well compacted
sub-grade of sand or gravel shall be placed between the rock and the foundation base.
If excavations are deeper than required, blinding concrete or well-compacted gravel shall be placed at the
bottom of the pit to bring the excavation to the required elevation.
10.1.10.9 Backfill
Backfilling shall not be carried out until after the Employer has inspected and approved the foundation.
Suitable excavated soil may be used as backfill material. Rock and soil not suitable for compaction shall be
removed and replaced with a suitable backfill to the approval of the Employer. Organic matters or soft clay
or silt shall not be used as backfill material. All temporary timbering, shuttering, etc. and all decomposable
or perishable material shall be removed from the excavations prior to backfilling.
Backfill shall be placed in layers of approximately 15 cm thickness. Each layer shall be carefully compacted
by means of suitable plant, to the approval of the Employer. The materials to be compacted shall not contain
stones greater than 10 cm in diameter.
In backfilling for concrete footings, the pad of the footing shall be covered first with a 30 cm layer of fine
material before any material with stones is deposited.
Prior to and during compacting operations, the backfill shall have the optimum practicable moisture content
required for the purpose of compaction.
The materials shall be compacted to minimum 95 % (percent) of the maximum density obtainable in the
Standard Proctor Density as specified in AASHTO T99 / ASTM D698 (Method A).
The Employer may periodically perform backfill soil density tests to ensure the desired degree of backfill
compaction is achieved.
Backfill shall be carried out to a minimum height of 20 cm above the original ground surface to compensate
for future settlement of the filling.
All backfill of tower/pole foundation shall be protected in an approved manner from being washed away by
running water. At all tower/pole positions, the surface of the ground shall be sloping from the tower/pole
legs to provide drainage as required. No additional payment will be made for such work.
Stabilised backfill shall be used if and where so directed by the Employer. Stabilised backfill shall consist of
minimum 5% cement by dry weight of the soil. Payment will be made at Daywork rates.
At certain places, additional protection against erosion may be required. Any such work, when decided in
agreement with and authorized by the Employer, will be paid for on the basis of the Daywork rates.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 18 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.10.11.1 General
The Contractor shall supply all labour, materials and equipment required for the concrete work and all tests
required and shall:
a. Mix, transport, place, compact, finish and cure all concrete
b. Erect and dismantle all forms and formwork
c. Fix all reinforcement, and
d. Embed as required all items, whether supplied and erected by himself or by other Contractors,
all in accordance with these specifications and approved drawings.
Concrete foundations for self-supporting towers and steel poles shall be cast in situ.
10.1.10.11.2 Cement
The cement to be used shall be ordinary Portland cement meeting the requirements of BS 12/BS EN 197 or
equivalent and shall be approved by the Employer. It shall be delivered to the site in bulk cement containers
or in sealed bags clearly marked with the maker's name and shall be carefully stored in a water proof shed
with a raised floor or in a silo of approved design. Each consignment of cement shall be stored apart from
earlier consignment and the cement shall be used in the order in which it is delivered. Any consignment,
which has become caked or otherwise adversely affected, shall not be used and shall be removed from site
immediately.
Where Portland cement concrete may be liable to chemical attack, sulphate resistant cement to BS 4027 may
be used where approved.
If required by the Employer, samples from the cement to be used on Site are to be taken to a laboratory or
testing station approved by the Employer to demonstrate compliance with BS 12/BS EN 197 or BS 915/BS
4550-6:1978 or BS 4027 as applicable.
10.1.10.11.3 Aggregates
All aggregates shall be obtained from sources approved by the Employer, and shall be clean and free of clay,
earth, organic matter, salt or other impurities. The aggregates shall comply generally with the requirements
of BS 882/BS EN 12620.
For both fine and coarse aggregates, the Contractor shall furnish samples to the Employer together with such
full details and test results as the Employer may require. No aggregates may be used in the works until
approved by the Employer.
During the work the Employer shall order such tests as he may consider necessary on the aggregates and any
aggregates found to have unsuitable characteristics at any time shall not be used in the work and shall be
removed from the site, at no extra costs for the Employer.
The various fractions of fine and coarse aggregates shall be stored separately and in such a manner as to
avoid the admixture of dirt in the concrete. Aggregates shall be handled in such a way that separation is
avoided.
The grading of the fine and coarse aggregates shall be such that when they are mixed in the proportions
decided for the required class of concrete, the grading of the combined aggregate shall be suitable for making
a dense concrete of appropriate workability, containing the proportions of cement and water prescribed.
The proportions of fine and coarse aggregates and the maximum size of coarse aggregates to be used shall be
approved by the Employer.
The concrete mix design shall be to the approval of the Employer before concrete works can commence.
The Contractor shall submit samples of the concrete material to the Employer well in advance of
commencing any concrete work, and also have test cubes made and tested for the aggregates and the cement
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 19 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
he intends to use. Concrete works must not commence until such samples and tests are to the Employer's
approval.
10.1.10.11.4 Water
The water to be used for mixing and curing of concrete shall at all times be kept clean and free from
deleterious matters such as oil, acid, alkali, silt, salts, organic materials, etc., and shall be obtained only from
sources approved by the Employer.
10.1.10.11.5 Admixtures
The Contractor shall use admixtures, if required, listed below in order to improve the quality of concrete or
mortar such as workability and finish and water tightness as per Manufacturer's instructions only with the
approval of the Employer
a. Water-reducing and set-retarding agent to ASTM C494.
b. Plasticizer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 20 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
All concrete shall be thoroughly mixed by machine with only sufficient water to ensure a workable mix.
Consistency tests shall be made when required by the Employer. The slump in a truncated cone 300 mm
high and of standard dimensions shall be between 25 and 50 mm, corresponding to a stiff plastic consistency.
10.1.10.11.8 Formers
All formers shall be accurately constructed to prevent loss of concrete and to produce the correct foundation
shape. Formers shall be sufficiently strong to withstand the pressure arising from the concrete during
compaction and shall be capable of removal without undue disturbance to the concrete. Wooden formers
shall be kept wet if necessary to prevent shrinkage. Formers shall not be removed before the concrete has
sufficiently hardened and in no case less than 36 hours after pouring. Where undercutting of the excavations
is permitted the Contractor shall ensure the soil is excavated correctly to template and the surfaces lined with
waterproof paper to prevent leeching of cement or fine aggregate from the concrete block.
10.1.10.11.12 Curing
All concrete shall be cured by being kept continuously moist for a period of at least 10 days after casting,
though in certain cases the Employer may vary this period. The curing shall be effected by covering all
concrete surfaces with Hessian or a layer of sand, to be kept wet by continuous watering.
Curing compounds of approved type may be used with the permission of the Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 21 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.10.12.2 Anchors
Anchor bolts may be used for anchoring concrete structures to rock. Strengthening of the rock may be
effected by means of grouted-in bolts.
Anchors in rock shall be of a quality approved by the Employer. They shall consist of deformed steel bars
meeting the requirements of type "High Yield" according to BS 4449. The bars shall be thoroughly cleaned
before they are placed in position.
Anchors in rock shall be grouted-in either by the Perfo method or the SN method. The Perfo method implies
that the two halves of a perforated steel tube of the same length as the hole are first to be filled with a still
sand-cement mortar. They shall then be put together and inserted right to the bottom of the drill hole.
Immediately afterward the bar shall be driven into the tube by means of a pneumatic hammer so that the
mortar, pressed through the perforations of the tube, completely fills the space between the bar and the rock.
According to the SN method the holes shall first be filled with mortar through a hose inserted to the bottom
of the hole and successively pulled out as the mortar fills the hole. The bar is then driven into the hole by
means of a pneumatic hammer.
The holes shall be thoroughly cleaned with water and air immediately before they are filled with mortar.
The grout may be a suitable sand-cement mortar. The consistency and composition thereof shall be
approved by the Employer.
Where required by the design or directed by the Employer the protruding ends of the bars shall be bent.
Where directed by the Employer testing of the anchors shall be carried out. The protruding ends of the bars
shall then be given a sufficient length from the surface of the rock to allow the fixing of a hydraulic jack
provided by the Contractor. The matrix of the jack shall be designed so as to ensure a satisfactory grip up to
stresses of 300 N/mm2 in the bar. It is envisaged that in case the number of failures is found to be five per
cent or less, normally not more than five per cent of the total number of anchorages will be tested as above
prescribed.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 22 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
If not specified, effective perimeter and length of cast-in-place concrete piles, intended to be used as
alternatives, shall not be less than that of reinforced or prestressed concrete piles. Piles with hollow cross
sections are acceptable.
After the approval of the design and detail of piles, pile foundations, pile load tests and results of sub-soil
tests, the Contractor shall submit to the Employer the number and length of piles to be used for each
foundation for approval before proceeding with the piling work.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 23 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.11.3.1 Concrete
The concrete for piles shall be manufactured using ingredients and quality control specified under the
requirements in ACI Recommendation for Design, Manufacture and Installation of Concrete Piles except as
otherwise specified herein. The concrete for each type of pile shall be in accordance with the following
requirements:
The cement contents recommended in the table are suitable for concrete mixes having slump of 0, 2.5 and 10
cm for prestressed, reinforced and cast-in-place concrete piles respectively. For tremie placing, the slump of
15 cm may be employed. In addition, the concrete must be capable of being compacted to produce a dense
impermeable mass.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 24 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The design of the piles shall also provide adequate structural strength to resist the expected driving stresses
without damaging the piles.
The allowable stresses in concrete and reinforcing steel shall be as specified in ACI Standard 318.
10.1.11.5.5 Splicing
In general, a pile shall be of continuous single length. If the Employer permits splicing, the Contractor shall
submit the design and detail of splices for the approval of the Employer. Pile splices shall develop the
requisite strength in compression, bending, tension, shear and torsion at the points of splices during driving
and in service.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 25 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.11.7 Manufactur e of Reinfor ced and Pr estr essed Concr ete Piles
10.1.11.7.1 General
Manufacture of reinforced and prestressed concrete piles shall conform to the requirements specified in ACI
Recommendation for Design, Manufacture and Installation of Concrete Piles and shall conform to the
following requirements:
10.1.11.7.5 Curing
Concrete piles shall be maintained in a moist condition for at least 5 days after placing or until design
strength is obtained. Curing shall be done by means of water curing, membrane curing or steam curing.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 26 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 27 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Any pile damaged by reason of internal defects, or by improper driving, or driven out of its proper location
shall be corrected at the Contractor's expenses by one of the following methods approved by the Employer
for the pile in question:
(1) The pile shall be withdrawn and replaced by a new pile and, if necessary, a longer one.
(2) A second pile shall be driven adjacent to the defective pile.
All materials forced up between the piles shall be removed to the base elevation approved by the Employer
before a gravel sub-base or concrete is placed.
All piles, except the reinforcement therein, shall be cut-off at the specified elevation; vertical piles shall be
cut-off to true horizontal planes, and batter piles shall be cut-off to planes normal to the axis of the piles.
Reinforcement steel shall be left extending from all piles above the specified cut-off planes for anchorage
into the base pad of the footings as shown on the drawings.
During driving, an accurate record of the penetration and blow count of each pile driven shall be kept by the
Contractor. These records shall be available to the Employer at all times.
For estimating and evaluation purpose, the ultimate resistance of vertical piles shall be determined by the
Danish formula:
∞WH
Q=
S
S+ 0
2
2∞WHL
S0 =
AE
Where
Q = Ultimate resistance to driving in kg
W = Weight of striking parts of hammer in kg
H = Height of drop for the hammer in cm
S = Average penetration, in cm per blow for the last 5 blows
So = Elastic compression of pile in cm if all available hammer energy is used for compression of
pile
L = Length of pile as driven in cm
A = Cross-sectional area of pile, cm2
E = Modulus of elasticity for pile material, kg/cm2 (recommended value of 2.2 x 105 kg/cm2)
∞ = Efficiency of hammer. Values given below may be substituted by manufacturer's efficiencies
or net delivered energies if based on actual tests:
Diesel hammer: 100 %
Single-acting air or steam hammer: 80 %
Gravity hammers: 100 % for hammers released by triggers and 75 % for hammers actuated
by rope and friction winch.
When driving batter piles with a gravity hammer, the effective height or drop is reduced and
friction also occurs in the guides. Taking the coefficient of friction as 0.1, the effective value
of drop H' to be used in the formulaes in place of H shall be taken as follows:
H' = H (cos φ - 0.1 sin φ ); where φ = angle between the batter and the vertical
The Contractor shall furnish to the Employer the data required for use in the aforementioned
formula. The minimum penetration or ultimate resistance to which the piles shall be driven
shall be as instructed by the Employer.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 28 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
10.1.12.1 Gener al
All towers/poles shall be permanently and effectively earthed.
The individual tower/pole footing resistance shall be as specified in the Technical Schedules.
Individual tower/pole earthing shall be made with ground rods, coils or radiating counterpoise. In areas
having high earth resistivity, such as in sand, gravel or rock formation, a supplementary radiating
counterpoise with or without longitudinal counterpoise or ring shaped grounding electrode may be
employed.
In order to prevent pilfering, the ground electrode shall be embedded inside the concrete pad- and chimney
foundations, up to the appropriate depth, and on towers with grillage foundations, the ground electrodes shall
be attached underground.
If so specified in the Technical Schedules, sections of towers/poles, normally over the first few kilometres
in and out of substations shall be connected together by continuous counterpoise cable, which also shall be
connected to the substation-earthing grid.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 29 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
provides guides for the rod and a winch for control of the hammer. The ground rod driving tools shall be
submitted to the approval of the Employer. Driving of rods by hand hammering is not permitted.
Where soil conditions prevent driving of ground rods to the required depth, the Contractor shall follow the
instructions of the Employer.
10.1.13.1 Er ection
Towers/poles may be erected by any suitable method, provided that no overstressing of any component parts,
footings, stubs, etc., occurs. Horizontal loads on foundations during tower/pole erections shall be avoided or
reduced to a minimum.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 30 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Prior to commencing any erection the Contractor shall submit for the approval of the Employer a written
account of the method(s) of erection and the erection plant proposed for use. The Contractor shall provide
all necessary tools and equipment. Erection of towers/poles shall be performed with first-class workmanship
and under the supervision of well qualified Site Employees and Foremen.
Joints shall be thoroughly cleaned before assembly.
Bolts shall not be fully tightened until all members of a tower/pole or all members of an independent sub-
assembly have been fitted. After initial assembly, but before stringing of conductors and earth-wires,
thorough checking shall be made that all bolts are tightened to the correct torque and that all nuts are locked
in an approved manner. Only suitable wrenches, which have been approved by the Employer, shall be used.
Washers shall be used on all bolts. Bolts shall project through the tightened nuts with a minimum of 3.0 mm
and a maximum of 10 mm. The threads shall not be exposed to shear forces. All bolts and nuts shall be
securely tightened. No steel members shall be forced into position.
The Contractor shall establish his own checking routine to be performed prior to the Employer's final
checking. During the Contractor's checking all nuts shall be secured by punching. The threads shall be
punched with at least 90-degree angles between punches.
If required by the Employer, all bolts and nuts at less than 3 meters above the ground shall be secured by
tack welding the bolt threads at their emergence from the nuts in order to prevent pilfering. Each weld shall
be brushed to remove traces of slag and coated with two layers of zinc rich paint. Alternatively, anti-theft
bolts/nuts shall be used for parts or all of the towers, as instructed by the Employer prior to the Contractor
placing orders for the supply of bolts/nuts.
After erection of all towers, the steelwork within 50 mm of the upper surface of the concrete, and the upper
surface of the concrete itself shall be painted with two coats of bituminous or other approved paint.
Suitable ladders shall be used whenever necessary during erection of the towers/poles. All ladders and
removable step bolts shall be removed when erection work is not in progress.
At each tower/pole the Contractor shall install the relevant tower/pole signs as specified.
Handling and storage of all material shall be such as to prevent injury to members or damage to the zinc-
coating. Steel in storage shall be lifted off the ground.
Distinct, legible and durable marking of all parts shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
After erection all towers/poles shall be cleaned of all foreign matter.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 31 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 32 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 33 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
At all times during stringing the conductors and earth-wires shall be handled and protected so as not to be
scratched, nicked, abraded, kinked or damaged in any way. If during stringing it should prove inevitable to
lower the conductors to the ground, suitable non-metallic lagging shall be placed underneath.
Conductors, which have been subject to bird-caging during stringing, will not be accepted, and care shall be
taken to position equipment in such a manner that the chances for bird-caging to occur are minimized.
Stringing tensions shall at no times exceed corresponding sagging tensions by more than 20%.
If, for any reason, stringing operations in progress must be interrupted, the conductors and earth-wires may
be left in the stringing pulleys, but their tension shall be reduced as far as possible. In all cases, however, the
cables must be kept completely clear of the ground, say by approximately 2 m, and sufficiently far away
from any obstacles, which might cause abrasion of the cables if touched by them.
If the conductors and earthwires have to be left in the pulleys during night-time, the ground clearance must
be increased or the cables must be guarded to prevent safe passage of possible off-road vehicles, which may
operate in the area during night-time.
If the interruption lasts for more than 40 hours or if stormy weather has prevailed, the cables shall be closely
inspected for damage. Such inspection applies particularly to the suspension points where the cables have
been resting in the pulley sheaves.
At all times during stringing, sagging and clamping operations, the conductors, earth-wires, reels and hauling
equipment shall be effectively grounded.
In order to prevent overstressing of towers/poles, the Contractor shall make suitable arrangements for
temporary staying of towers/poles, where necessary. Suitable plates (detachable or otherwise) shall be
provided on the towers/poles for attachment of any temporary guys.
Damages to the conductors or earth-wires shall immediately be reported to the Employer who will instruct
the Contractor how to proceed.
The Contractor shall make any necessary special arrangements for running out and sagging the conductors
where the route crosses buildings, orchards, plantations, gardens, or other ground over which erection cannot
be carried out in the normal manner. No extra charge for manhandling of materials or for any special
precautions or methods necessary at such positions shall be allowed.
The Contractor shall also make such special arrangements as the Employer may approve where power lines
are to be crossed.
No additional payment will be made for the erection of the conductors and earth-wires over roads, rivers,
navigable waterways, railways, and communication circuits, or over or under existing power lines which
have been made dead for the time being. Where the conductors and earth-wires have to be erected whilst the
power to be crossed is alive, payment additional to the prices stated in the Schedules of Quantities shall be at
rates to be agreed and shall include any special scaffolding or equipment required.
10.1.14.7 Sagging
The Contractor shall submit for approval longitudinal profiles with curves showing the correct initial and
final sags and tensions of the conductors and earth-wires at various temperatures and spans. Allowance shall
be made for permanent elongation of conductors and earth-wires as may take place in service.
The Contractor shall provide three complete sets of sag templates in celluloid or similar material based on
approved equivalent spans or other approved methods. The templates shall show the conductor sags at 80oC
after permanent elongation and in still air, and the ground clearance line. An additional curve is to be
marked on the templates to enable the minimum weight condition at 20oC to be checked in accordance with
the Specification. Each template shall be clearly endorsed with the design loading conditions, type of
conductor, and basis of calculation, equivalent span or curve parameters and the scale appropriate to the
scale of the relevant profile.
The Contractor shall submit for approval of the Employer, sag and tension charts for use during erection
which shall be established with due regard to the specific stringing methods to be employed so that
remaining creep after clamping may be assessed and taken into account with reasonable accuracy.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 34 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Erection sagging charts or tables shall show sag in still air against span length for temperatures between 15o
and 65oC in increments of 5oC.
Sagging temperature shall be read from a certified thermometer, the bulb of which has been inserted in an
approximately 50 cm long piece of conductor with the inner layers removed. The thermometer so equipped
shall be freely suspended in the air without any shielding and not less than 3 m above ground. Temperature
readings will be taken only after 20 minutes' exposure.
The Contractor shall provide suitable dynamometers, thermometers, sighting rods and other approved
apparatus necessary for the proper checking of the work. Dynamometers, if used, shall preferably read in
kilograms or Newton, and, when required by the Employer, shall be tested and, if necessary, re-calibrated.
After completion of stringing operations the conductors and earth-wires shall be sagged in accordance with
agreed sagging procedure and relevant erection sagging chart or table. It is essential that prescribed hold
periods before definite sagging are rigorously observed.
The Contractor shall check the sag of each conductor and earth-wire of a sagging section in at least one span
of approximate average length. The sags shall also be checked in all spans exceeding 450 m and in spans on
each side of angle structures and sharp breaks in profile. Intermediate spans shall be inspected for uniform
sag.
The total number of spans to be measured shall be as follows:
Where and if the Employer wants to check sags himself, the Contractor shall furnish such assistance in
equipment and personnel as may be required.
Sagging sections shall be limited to such length as can be sagged satisfactorily.
Final sagging of conductors shall not be made earlier than 8 hours, and not later than 48 hours after they have
been taken up to approximate specific sag. All conductors of a sagging section shall be sagged at the same
time.
Conductor tension shall be equalized between sagging sections so that the insulator strings will be vertical
when successive sagging sections have been clamped in.
The Contractor shall keep a record on approved schedules of the particulars of the sagging of conductors and
earth-wires on each sagging section.
At 20oC in still air, in any span, the earth-wire sag shall be approximately 20 per cent less than the line
conductor sag.
10.1.14.8 Clamping In
After finishing sagging operations, the conductors and earth-wires shall be clamped-in according to agreed
procedure. Tension clamps shall be installed and properly anchored in advance of clamping-in at suspension
strings. In order to make future adjustments possible, approximately one half of the available length
adjustment of turnbuckles shall remain after anchoring.
Clamping-in shall be affected within 48 hours after completion of sagging unless otherwise agreed.
In transferring the conductors from the stringing pulley to the suspension clamps, the conductors shall be
carried by neoprene lined hooks with a long enough saddle-shaped bearing surface not to damage the
conductors or any part thereof, or by means as agreed by the Employer. The neoprene lining shall be
electrically conductive.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 35 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
Armour rods shall be installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction. They shall be centred
within plus or minus 5 cm when installed; the difference between the ends of the rods shall not exceed 5 mm.
All marking of conductors, e.g. for the centring of clamps or armour rods shall be done with tape or other
inoffensive means. Scratch marks or similar will not be permitted.
Tightening torque of clamp bolts shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
At suspension towers/poles the earth conductor suspension clamp shall be securely bonded to the tower/pole
steelwork with a conductor having a cross-sectional area of not less than the earth conductor. The bond shall
be terminated with compression lugs and be flexible so as not to interfere with the suspension clamp
movement. At tension towers/poles the earth conductor shall be securely bonded to the tower steelwork/pole
in an approved manner.
10.1.17 TOOLS
If so specified in the Technical Schedules the following tools and appliances may be purchased under this
Contract:
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-10-001 CONSTRUCTION Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 36 of 36
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
(i) One set of special tools and equipment for the normal maintenance of the transmission lines and
associated equipment.
(ii) One set of special lifting and handling equipment for the normal maintenance of the transmission
lines.
(iii) One set of special tools and equipment required for the dismantling, reassembly, checking or
adjustment (but not normal maintenance) of the transmission lines and associated equipment.
Each tool or appliance shall be clearly marked with its size and/or purpose and may be used for the purpose
of construction. They shall be handed over to the Employer upon taking over of the lines.
Each set of tools and appliances under category (i), together with the smaller items under (ii) and (iii) shall
be suitably arranged in fitted steel boxes. The number of boxes shall be determined taking into account the
type and size of tools and appliances and what can practically be grouped together. If the weight of any box
and its content should be such that it cannot be conveniently carried, it shall be equipped with steerable
rubber tyre wheels.
Each box shall be fitted with a lock and shall be painted black and clearly marked in white letters with the
name of the project and equipment for which the tools and appliances are intended.
The tools and appliances packed in suitable boxes shall be handed over to the Employer at the time of issue
of the Taking Over Certificate.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
General Specifications Rev.: Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications
Transmission Lines 88-420kV Date: Nov 2010
General Specifications
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 1 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
CONTENTS
11.1.1 SCOPE............................................................................................................................................3
11.1.1.1 General ...................................................................................................................................3
11.1.1.2 Services to be provided by the Contractor .............................................................................3
11.1.1.3 Services to be provided by Employer .....................................................................................3
11.1.2 Monitoring ......................................................................................................................................3
11.1.3 The Purpose of the EPRS ...............................................................................................................3
11.1.4 Administrative Institutions .............................................................................................................4
11.1.5 Contractor’s Code Of Conduct .......................................................................................................5
11.1.6 Employment And Sub-Contracting ................................................................................................5
11.1.6.1 Employment ...........................................................................................................................5
11.1.6.2 Sub-Contracting......................................................................................................................5
11.1.7 Environmental Aspects Of Design .................................................................................................6
11.1.8 General Guidelines For Construction .............................................................................................6
11.1.9 Temporary Works...........................................................................................................................7
11.1.10 Protection Of Vegetation ............................................................................................................7
11.1.10.1 Bush Clearing in the Line Route ............................................................................................7
11.1.10.2 General Woodland Vegetation ...............................................................................................8
11.1.10.3 Rare and Endangered Species ................................................................................................8
11.1.10.4 Wetland Areas ........................................................................................................................8
11.1.10.5 Sites of Special Interest ..........................................................................................................8
11.1.11 Protection Of Fauna....................................................................................................................8
11.1.12 Protection Of Archaeological And Paleontological Sites And Materials...................................9
11.1.13 Protection Of Infrastructure And Private Property .....................................................................9
11.1.13.1 Roads and Road Transport .....................................................................................................9
11.1.13.2 Water Supplies .....................................................................................................................10
11.1.13.3 Private Property, Schools and Institutions............................................................................11
11.1.14 Erosion Protection ....................................................................................................................11
11.1.15 Refuse and Waste Control ........................................................................................................11
11.1.16 Water Pollution Control ...........................................................................................................12
11.1.16.1 General Guidelines ...............................................................................................................12
11.1.16.2 Water Discharge From The Works.......................................................................................12
11.1.16.3 Fuel Storage and Workshop Areas .......................................................................................12
11.1.16.4 Ablution and Toilet Facilities ...............................................................................................12
11.1.16.5 Silt Traps ..............................................................................................................................13
11.1.16.6 Sedimentation Ponds ............................................................................................................13
11.1.16.7 Groundwater .........................................................................................................................13
11.1.17 Air Pollution Control ................................................................................................................14
11.1.18 Noise Pollution Control ............................................................................................................14
11.1.18.1 Restriction on Working Hours..............................................................................................14
11.1.18.2 Plant and Equipment ............................................................................................................14
11.1.19 Explosives ................................................................................................................................14
11.1.20 Stockpiles And Spoil Dumps ...................................................................................................15
11.1.21 Borrow Areas And Quarry Sites...............................................................................................15
11.1.22 Labour Camps ..........................................................................................................................15
11.1.23 Health .......................................................................................................................................16
11.1.24 Training Of Employees ............................................................................................................16
11.1.25 Respect For Cultural Values, Beliefs And Property Rights .....................................................17
11.1.26 Compensation ...........................................................................................................................17
11.1.27 Rehabilitation Of Works Areas ................................................................................................17
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 2 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 3 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
11.1.1 SCOPE
11.1.1.1 Gener al
This chapter outlines the Contractor’s duties and responsibilities with respect to environmental protection
during construction of overhead transmission lines rated 88 kV and above.
The Contractor shall carry out the specified environmental protection requirements to the approval of the
Employer.
If so instructed by the Employer, the Contractor shall implement additional mitigation measures payable
under the applicable rates in the Daywork Schedule.
It is not the Employer's intent to specify all environmental requirements or to set forth those requirements
adequately covered by applicable standards. The Contractor shall bear the full responsibility with all the
requirements herein and the costs of compliance are deemed to be included in the unit rates in the Schedule
of Quantities.
No deviations shall be made from this specification unless waived or modified in writing by the Employer.
The Contractor(s) shall obtain from its sub-contractor(s) / supplier(s) a statement as to compliance with this
specification without exception and/or if there are any exceptions, these shall be described in detail and
included in the Contractor’s Tender. The Contractor shall add a statement that no other exceptions are taken
to this specification.
11.1.2 MONITORING
If so specified in the Technical Schedules an Environmental Supervisor (ES) will be on site on part time or
full time basis to monitor the works. The ES will report to the Employer's Site Manager and participate in all
site meetings and the day-to-day running of the project.
The environmental monitoring will mainly concentrate on the following aspects of preventative or potential
impacts minimisation measures during construction:
o line route bush clearance
o site establishment
o soil erosion
o noise and dust nuisance
o water pollution
o disturbance of archaeological and cultural sites
o disruption of the socio-economic fabric
o local employment and other specified benefits to indigenous communities.
In addition, the ES will handle Right of Way issues falling under the responsibility of the Employer.
Any standard contract for the construction of transmission lines contains general clauses that promote
environmental protection during construction. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) provides a
project with specific information on the potential impacts identified.
In general efforts shall be made to avert adverse impacts by alignment (line routing), as long as this is
technically and economically feasible. Other impacts shall be mitigated within the context of the construction
contract, hence the requirements in this Chapter.
Relevant ministries and offices that may be contacted as needed are listed in the Technical Schedules.
These institutions are located in the provinces where the following ministries or authorities are located;
o Environmental Management Authority
o Parks and Wildlife Management Authority
o Agricultural Rural Development Authority
o City Councils (various)
o Rural District Councils (various)
o Department of Natural Resources
o Ministry of Agriculture, Mechanisation & Irrigation Development
o Ministry of Energy and Power Development
o Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources Management
o Ministry of Health and Child Welfare
o Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare
o Ministry of Lands and Rural Resettlement
o Ministry of Local Government, Urban and Rural Development
o Ministry of Mines and Mining Development
o Ministry of Public Works
o Ministry of Transport Infrastructural Development
o National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe
o Rural Electrification Agency
o Village Development Committees
o Ward Development Committees
o Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority Holdings
o Zimbabwe Farmers Union
o Zimbabwe National Water Authority
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 5 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
In addition, various regulations and statutory instruments have been promulgated under the Above Acts. Of
particular note are:-
It should be noted that the Environmental Management Act above is an Act to provide for the sustainable
management of natural resources and protection of the environment; the prevention of pollution and
environmental degradation. This Act repealed the Natural Reources Act [Chapter 20:13]; the Atmospheric
Pollution Prevention Act [Chapter 20:03]; the Hazardous Substances and Articles Act [Chapter 15:05] and
the Noxious Weeds Act [Chapter 19:07].
It is the Contractor’s responsibility to familiarise himself and ensure compliance with the above Acts,
regulations and statutory instruments, and any other Acts not listed above which might be relevant to his
operations. Additional guidelines and/or protection measures issued by the respective Government
Ministries or Departments shall also be considered by the Contractor.
11.1.6.1 Employment
The Contractor is encouraged to employ labour intensive techniques as much as possible. It is preferred that
the Contractor and his Sub-contractors employ local residents of the area through which each section of the
transmission line passes. The Contractor shall tighten controls on employment to ensure that people from
outside the area are not employed at the expense of locals, except in the case of skilled or specialised areas.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 6 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 7 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
9. The Contractor's Health & Safety Officer and the Employer shall document accidents at a construction
site. Safety rules and procedures shall be tightened in the light of that information to reduce the chances
of recurrence.
10. The Contractor and his subcontractor(s) shall at all times exercise due care and diligence not to damage
fences, walls, drains, roads, tracks, buildings, fields, pasture, hedges and trees. All damage shall be made
good at the first opportunity, at the Contractor’s cost.
11. Disturbance or disruption of the daily lives of local communities and their livelihood, including noise
and dust pollution shall be minimised in as far as is practicable.
12. The Contractor shall ensure that the construction Site is maintained in a neat and tidy condition at all
times.
13. The Contractor shall employ as many locals as is practically possible for the execution of the Works.
The following specific environmental guidelines shall be observed and implemented by the Contractor in
mitigation of potential environmental impacts in areas of activity, access roads, borrow areas, spoil disposal
areas, labour camps and storage areas.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 8 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 9 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
1. Under no circumstances shall any animals be handled, removed, killed or interfered with by the
Contractor, his employees, his subcontractors or his subcontractors’ employees.
2. The Contractor, his subcontractors or their employees shall not bring any domestic animals onto the
Site.
3. The Contractor shall ensure that the Site is kept clean and tidy and free from rubbish which would attract
animal pest species.
4. There shall be no feeding of native animals.
5. Where animal tracks are found, these paths shall be kept open and freely passable at all times.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 10 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
or
b) Negotiate a road maintenance/users “fee”, payable to the relevant authorities in lieu of road
maintenance described above.
iii. The Contractor shall select his preferred option, formulate and implement the necessary
administrative details with relevant parties, without any undue delay. Where there is delay for
any reason, contingency plans shall be put in place, upon approval of the Employer.
iv. Any area of public road, which is closed because of the Works, shall not be reopened until
appropriate safety and traffic management measures have been completed, and until the
Employer confirms that it is in a suitable condition for use by the public.
v. The Contractor shall periodically water all gravel roads in the proximity of dwellings, where
these are heavily used by construction traffic, to minimise dust emission.
11.1.13.1.3 Third Party Access
i. The Contractor shall, at all times, maintain access for the authorised representatives of utility
providers and allow emergency operations to be carried out on any utility or service facilities
within the site.
ii. The Contractor shall not use public or private rights of way for depositing or storing plant or
materials, and shall maintain those parts of the public or private right of way not temporarily
occupied by the Works in a clean, passable and safe condition at all times.
iii. The Contractor shall execute the Works in such a manner that safe access, (including disabled
persons access, where they existed prior to site possession), to all properties is maintained at all
times. Methods of construction and programming of the Works shall be such that vehicular
access to properties affected by the Works is not restricted. Normal access shall be reinstated
immediately after completion of the Works.
iv. The Contractor, his employees, subcontractors and their employees, in all instances shall exercise
utmost driving control and driver care.
11.1.13.1.4 Traffic Safety and Management
i. Where work is carried out on or adjacent to a trafficked highway, the Contractor shall ensure that
personnel, at all times, wear high visibility fluorescent garments.
ii. All proposals, details, execution, maintenance, removal and necessary reinstatement associated
with traffic safety and management, temporary decking, road crossings for transmission lines,
and other structures on public roads, shall be subject to the approval of the Roads Authority. The
Contractor shall supply all information required for consultation with appropriate authorities,
including the Local Authority and Police.
iii. All traffic safety and management measures necessitated by the Works shall be fully operational
before the Contractor commences work which affects a highway.
iv. The Contractor shall provide suitable entry and exit signs, at points of access to and from the site,
for vehicles and plant engaged on the Works.
v. The Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements including notices to relevant authorities for
the provision, erection, maintenance, repositioning, covering and uncovering and final removal of
all traffic signs as the progress of the works requires.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 11 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 12 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 13 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
or other approved toilet facilities, which shall be properly rehabilitated upon demobilisation of the
transit camp. Alternatively, transit camps may be provided with chemical toilets.
2. Pit latrines and septic tank soak-aways shall be sighted a minimum distance of 30 m down-slope from
wells, boreholes and springs. Distances should be greater in sandy soils, or fissured material through
which water can easily percolate.
3. Relieving oneself in the bush or bathing and washing utensils, vehicles and equipment in rivers and
streams shall be strictly forbidden.
11.1.16.7 Gr oundwater
1. The Contractor’s working methods and systems shall be designed so as not to significantly affect
groundwater around the Works. Removal of ground water shall not cause damage to the Works, or to the
property of third parties, and shall not cause nuisance.
2. Significant lowering of the natural groundwater table shall be avoided.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 14 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
3. Disposal of water taken from the works shall be in a safe and proper manner, and shall fulfil the
pollution control requirements specified in these specifications.
4. Temporary works for the control of groundwater shall be removed and the ground reinstated when they
are no longer required.
11.1.19 EXPLOSIVES
1. The Contractor shall use explosives only in circumstances where it is safe to do so, having due regard to
the safety of persons, third party property and the safety of the works.
2. The Contractor shall obtain all necessary licences and shall provide and, where appropriate, maintain a
secure explosives store in accordance with the relevant Explosives Regulations and to the approval of
the Employer.
3. Blasting shall be carried out carefully so as to avoid loosening or shattering rock beyond the required
line of excavation, and all loose or shattered rock shall be removed by scaling down or other means
before personnel will be permitted to restart operations after blasting.
4. Notices of blasting operations shall be posted on site. Before each firing, the Contractor shall give
audible warning, clear the area, and shall take positive measures to prevent personnel from entering the
danger area.
5. The Contractor shall strictly comply with the provisions of Zimbabwe law.
6. Explosives shall be stored in structures appropriately designed for them.
7. Where there is blasting in and close to rivers, no pollution of watercourses resulting from the chemicals
shall be permitted.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 15 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
8. Where explosives may damage existing foundations or structures, alternative methods, such as silent
demolition, shall be employed using approved chemicals.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 16 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
4. Drainage facilities shall be installed in and around the site to prevent storm water from flooding the site.
5. Cutting of indigenous trees for firewood for cooking and warming shall be strictly prohibited. The
Contractor shall supply the labour force with adequate firewood.
6. Grass and forest fires shall be prevented by sound control of cooking and warming fires.
7. Proper security measures shall be employed to ensure that public property in the vicinity of the site is
not pilfered or damaged by the labour force.
8. The Contractor shall provide his own facilities so as to avoid over-stressing of existing local medical
facilities.
9. A First Aid post and portable chemical toilets shall be provided at each temporary labour camp.
10. Adequate accommodation and ablution facilities shall be provided to avoid overcrowding.
11. All non-migratory labour camps shall be fenced and gated. Access into and out of the camps shall ensure
human and traffic safety, at all times.
12. On demobilisation, the area shall be made good and re-vegetated in accordance with the provisions in
these specifications.
13. Permanent structures shall be handed over to local communities at the end of the Contract.
11.1.23 HEALTH
The transient nature of transmission line construction could serve as a vehicle for spreading disease such as
cholera and some resistant strains of STD and malaria, particularly in densely populated areas. To minimise
the spread of communicable diseases the following guidelines shall apply during construction:
1. Where practicable, and without prejudice to the Contractor’s other contractual obligations, preferential
employment shall be given to members of the local community through which the work front or fronts
will be located during the course of construction of the transmission line. This policy will minimise
migrant labour and the spread of communicable diseases with which it is associated.
2. The Contractor shall provide health facilities and First Aid posts for the labour force to avoid over-
stressing existing facilities. Such facilities shall be properly staffed.
3. In areas where malaria is prevalent, preventive medicines shall be distributed to the workforce free of
charge, on a regular basis. The use of mosquito nets is also encouraged.
4. The Contractor shall take measures to educate and sensitise the labour force on the risks of
communicable diseases such as malaria, STD’s, including HIV/AIDS. Male and female condoms shall
be distributed to contract workers.
5. In the case of serious injuries on site, traffic accidents etc., the Contractor shall formulate a plan to deal
with such emergencies, prior to possession of site, for approval by the Employer.
6. Protective clothing shall be issued to categories of the workforce who require such clothing, free of
charge.
7. The provisions in these specifications on pollution control and sanitation shall apply.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 17 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
The Contractor or his sub-contractors are prohibited from entering places considered to be sacred.
11.1.26 COMPENSATION
Compensation related to the obtaining of Right of Way is the responsibility of the Employer.
Damage occurring as a result of non-compliance with these specifications shall be made good by the
Contractor at his own expense.
All claims for private property accidentally damaged by the Contractor shall be paid by the Contractor within
a reasonable period of time.
11.1.27.1 Gener al
The Contractor shall rehabilitate disturbed areas of both Permanent and Temporary Works, including but not
limited to quarries, borrow and spoil areas, the Contractor’s works and accommodation areas (including the
areas designated for the Employer’s use) and the areas required for the construction of temporary access
roads, as well as such other areas as may be specified or instructed by the Employer. Such rehabilitation
shall comprise, where necessary, grassing and planting of trees and shrubs, and erosion protection, and shall
be carried out at the earliest opportunity during the course of the Works. The following general guidelines
for the rehabilitation of work areas shall apply:
1. On slopes where the risk of erosion is likely, low ridges or beams parallel to the contours, or other
approved erosion control features shall be made across the working width.
2. Heavily compacted soils shall be lightly ripped to encourage re-vegetation in areas not prone to erosion.
3. Where coarse substrate exists (e.g. rockwaste, gravel etc.), a layer of subsoil from the stockpiles shall be
placed to a minimum depth of 75 mm and lightly compacted. Topsoil shall then be placed preferentially
on sites of greatest disturbance to a depth of 75 mm on top of the sub-soil layer. The natural seed store
contained in the topsoil should be sufficient for natural re-vegetation over one to two years.
4. On loose or erosion-prone slopes, grass planting or seeding is required, preferably using local
indigenous creeping grasses.
5. The planting of grass, trees and shrubs shall be carried out during periods most likely to produce
beneficial results.
6. Rehabilitation measures shall be at the latest carried out immediately following completion of
construction of the permanent Works.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.
T-S-11-001 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Rev. Draft
ZETDC Standard Specifications Page 18 of 18
Transmission Lines 88-420 kV Date: Nov 2010
11.1.27.3 Gr assing
The method of establishing grass may be sodding, hydro seeding or hand seeding as approved by the
Employer.
1. Sodding
Areas to be grassed by sodding shall be given a layer of topsoil at least 75 mm thick unless, due to the
presence of suitable subsoil, the Employer determines that the topsoil may be omitted. The areas to be
sodded shall be thoroughly watered before hand, so that they are wet to a depth of at least 150 mm when
sods are placed. The surface shall be made slightly rough to ensure a good penetration of roots into the soil.
Sods shall be protected against drying out and shall be kept moist from the time of harvesting until finally
placed.
The first row of sods shall, where it is possible, be laid in a straight line and, if on a slope, starting at the
bottom of the slope. The sods shall be butted tightly against each other, care being taken not to stretch or
overlap sods. Where a good fit cannot be obtained, the intervening space shall be filled with topsoil.
Adjacent rows shall be placed with the joints staggered. Each sod shall be held in position by a wooden stake
approximately 300 mm long by 20 mm in diameter hammered into the soil.
2. Grass Types
Grass types planted shall be those normally endemic to the area, and shall not be of the exotic type.
3. Maintenance of Grass
i. All planted grass shall receive a good dressing of suitable fertiliser at about one handful per square
metre (about 400 kg per hectare).
ii. The Contractor shall maintain the grassed areas for a minimum period of 3 months.
This document is the property of Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC). ZETDC reserves the right in this document
and information contained therein. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying
and recording, without the written permission of ZETDC.