MAP READING
1. Map is a representation of selected features of the whole
earth or a part of it on a plane surface with conventional signs.
2. Elements of maps are- Direction, title & subtitle,
Conventional Signs
3. A list of conventional signs is released by The Survey
Department ( important)
4. Map can only be drawn using scale;which is the ratio of the
distance of two points on the the map and the actual distance
between the two points on the ground. For example
1cm: 10,00,000 cm
5. Representative Fraction is the scale in which numerator is 1,
represents the distance on the map and denominator
represents the distance on the ground.
6. If RF in a map is 1: 1,00,000 this means 1 unit of map
represents 1,00,000 units on ground.
7. Physical maps are used to show
mountains,plateaus,plains,valleys etc.
8. Political maps are used to show states,capitals,cities
9. Distribution maps are used to show distribution of
rainfall,Minerals,temp.,forest, population etc.
10.Special maps are drawn for special purpose like military
maps,weather maps,relief maps etc.
11. Height is measured from the sea level.The imaginary lines
joining places having same elevation from sea level are called
contour lines.
12. The height of contour lines is measured from the mean sea
level known as DATUM PLANE.
13. The maps of our country are made by the National Survey
of India. Its head office is in DEHRADUN(Uttarakhand)14.
Publication of Weather maps is started in India from 1875 from
Pune.
15. For preparing weather map the observations are taken in
morning at 8.30 am and in evening 5.30 pm.
16. The Meteorological Department of India was set up in 1864
in Bengal.Its office was in Shimla but after WW2 the head office
was set up in Delhi.
17. IMD has been divided into 5 regions
DELHI,NAGPUR,MUMBAI,CHENNAI,KOLKATA.
18. The international weather indicators were given recognition
in International Meteorological Meet held in Warsa(Italy) in the
year 1935.
19. In cyclones air moves from high pressure to low pressure.
In northern hemisphere it is anti clockwise and in southern
hemisphere it is clockwise.
20. Anti cyclones are opposite to that of cyclones.
21. The system of measuring wind speed was pioneered by
British Naval Chief Beaufort in 1805.
22. The wind indicator shows speed through its rear wings and
direction through its front end. It is measured by knot. 1 knot=
1.85 km/hr.