MIRPABERLIN ZALUKHU

NPM: 17810009
Lecturer: Sahat T. Siahaan,S.pd., M.A.
 FOREWORD

Praise the presence of God Almighty for all His grace so that this paper can be arranged
to completion about The Anlysis Conjuncition in Bosiologi Bilingual.
And hope I hope this paper can increase knowledge and experience for the readers, For the
future can improve the form and add the contents of the paper for the better.

Due to the limitations of my knowledge and experience, we believe there are still many
shortcomings in this paper, therefore we are looking forward to constructive suggestions and
criticism from readers for the perfection of this paper.

Medan, October 30th 2017

Author,

Mirpaberlin Zalukhu
 CHAPTER I

1.1 What is Conjunction?

Conjunction, as Halliday and Hassan (1976: 308) the third and final type of cohesive

relation, differs from both of these in that it is cohesive not by continuity of form or reference

but by semantic connection. Following up Halliday and Hassan’s statement, Suhadi (2012:

189) states four types of conjunctions: additive, causal, adversative, and temporal. Because

of its base assumption that there are in the linguistic system forms of systematic relationships

between sentences, conjunction highlighted as somewhat different from other cohesive

relations (p.320). Halliday and Hassan exemplify a form of semantic connection through

conjunction such as following (p. 308):

1.2 Types of Conjunction

According to Halliday and Hasan (1976:238), there are four types of conjunction; they are
additive, adversative, causal, and temporal. In the following section all types conjunction are
described :

a. And in all this time he met no one. (Additive)

b. Yet he was hardly aware of being tired. (Adversative)
c. So by night time the valley was far below him. (Causal)
d. Then, as dusk fell, he sat down to rest. (Temporal)

Those are very simple overall framework which does not eliminate the complexity of the
facts. The reason of showing this framework is to make it possible to handle a text without
unnecessary complication.

The different types of conjunctive relations that enter into cohesion are not the same
as the elementary logical relations that are expressed through the structural medium of
coordination. The conjunctive relations are textual; they represent the generalized types of
connection that we recognize as holding between sentences. These depend in the last resort
on the meaning that the sentences, express, and essentially these are two kinds: experiential,
(representing, the linguistic interpretation of experience), and interpersonal, (representing
participation in the speech situation). It means that the phenomena of conjunctive relations
which can be grouped into four categories that may occur in either ‘internal’ or ‘external’
context. This distinction, which derives from the functional basis of the semantic system,
determines the locus of conjunction; the conjunction may be located in the phenomena that
constitute in the context of what is being said (external), or in the interaction itself, the social
process that constitutes the speech even (internal). Now this is the types of conjunction will
be given below.

1. Additive

The additive relation is somewhat different from coordination proper, although it is no

doubt derivable from it. Considering cohesive relations, and, or, and nor type can be grouped
under the heading of additive. Coordination is said to be realized in the form of a particular
structural relation since it is incorporated into linguistic structure (Halliday and Hasan, 1976;
233). While additive indicates something rather looser and less structural than what it meant
by coordinate. Hence, If coordinate relation is structural, the additive relation is cohesive.
The correlative pairs, such as both … and, either … or, and neither … nor do not occur in
general with cohesive function and they restricted to structural coordination within the
sentence. The reason is that a coordinate pair functions as a single unit.

And, or, and nor may express either the external or the internal type of conjunctive
relation. For example and, in the additive context, in fact, there may be no very clearly
difference between the two (external or internal); but when and is used alone as a cohesive
item, as a distinct from and then, etc, it often seems to have the sense of ‘there is something
more to be said’, which is clearly internal in terms (Halliday and Hasan 1976; 245).

Example:
(1) “While you’re refreshing yourself,” said the Queen, “I’ll just take the measurements.”
And she took a ribbon out of her pocket, marked in inches…(Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 235)
On the other hand, here and does link two different facts, which makes it external, but at the
same time, it may serve to convey the speaker’s intention that they should be regarded as
connected in some way, for example:
(2) Was she in a shop? And was that really- was it really a sheep that was sitting on the
other side of the counter? (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 245)

The summary of the conjunctive relation of the additive type with example of each:
a. Simple additive relations (external and internal):
Additive : and, and also, and… too.
Negative : nor, and … not, not either, neither.
Alternative : or, or else.
b. Complex additive relations (internal): emphatic
Additive : further (more), moreover, additionally, beside that, add to this, in
addition.
Alternative : alternatively.
c. Complex additive relations (internal): de-emphatic
Afterthought : incidentally, by the way.
d. Comparative relations (internal):
Similar : likewise, similarly, in the same way, in (just) this way.
Dissimilar : on the other hand, by contrast conversely.
e. Appositive relations (internal):
Expository : that is, I mean, in other words, to put it another way.
Exemplificatory : for instance, for example, thus.
 2. Adversative
Contrary to expectation as the basic meaning of the adversative relation derived from
the content of what is being said or from the communication process, and the speaker -hearer
situation. For example:
(1) All the figures were correct; they’d been checked. Yet the total came out wrong.
(Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 250)
Contrastive sense is shown with conjunction but and however.
For example:
(2) All this time Tweedledee was trying his best to fold up the umbrella, with himself in it …
But he couldn’t quite succeed, and it ended in rolling over, bundled up in umbrella with only
his head out. (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 250)
(3) He’s not exactly good- looking. But he’s got brains. (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 252)
(4) ‘I see you’re admiring my little box,’ the Knight said in a friendly tone. ‘… You see I
carry it upside-down, so that the rain can’t get in.’ ‘But the things can get out,’ Alice gently
remarked. (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 252)
(5) … it swept her straight of the seat, and down among the heap of rushes. However, she
wasn’t a bit hurt, and was soon up again. (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 251)
(6) She failed. However, she’s tried her best. (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 252)
The adversative relation also has its internal aspect. Here the meaning is still ‘contrary
to expectation’; but the source of expectations is to be found not in what the presupposed
sentence is about but in the current- hearer configuration, the point reached in the
communication process.
For example:
(7) ‘… you might catch a bat, and that’s very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I
wonder?’ (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 253)
The summary of conjunctive relations of the adversative type:
a. Adversative relations ‘proper’ (‘in spite of external and internal)
Simple : yet, though, only.
Containing : but.
Emphatic : however, nevertheless, despite this, all the same.
b. Contrastive relations (‘as against’) (external):
Simple : but, and.
Emphatic : however, on the other hand, at the same time, as against that.
c. Contrastive relations (‘as against’) (internal):
Avowal : in fact, as matter of fact, to tell the truth, actually, in point of fact.
d. Corrective relations (‘not… but’) (internal):
Correction of meaning: instead, rather, on the contrary.
Correction of wording: at least, rather, I mean.
e. Dismissive (generalized adversative) relations (‘no matter…still’) (external internal):
Dismissal, closed : in any case, in either case, whichever.
Dismissal, open-ended : anyhow, at any rate, in any case.
 3. Causal

So, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, therefore and a number of expressions like as a
result (of that), because of that, in consequence, are the causal relation expression. All the
example of causal are regularly combined with initial and. Thus so occurs only initially,
unless it is followed by and. There are three specific relations under the heading of causal
relations. They are ‘result, reason, and purpose’. The simple form of expression such as so
means, as a result, for this reason, for this purpose. Except, they are expressed as
prepositional phrases, they are not distinguished.

The simple form thus, hence, and therefore all occur regularly in an internal sense
which is implying some kinds of reasoning or argument from a premise. The word so occurs
frequently in another meaning, also internal, that is shared with then; it is a statement about
the speaker’s reasoning processes: T conclude from what you say (or other evidence)’
(Halliday and Hasan 1976: 257)

Other type of conjunctive relations will be under the general heading of causal that is
the conditional type. The two of them are closely related, where the causal means a therefore
b, while the conditional means possibly if so, then. The simple form of expression of
conditional relation, meaning ‘under the circumstances’, is the word then.
The summary of relations of causal type includes:
a. Causal relations, general (‘because…, so’) (external and internal)
Simple : so, thus, hence, therefore.
Emphatic : consequently, accordingly, because of this.
b. Causal relations, specific:
Reason : (mainly external)/or this reason, on account of this. (Internal) it follows (from
this), on this basis.
Result : (mainly external) as a result (of this), in consequence (of this).
(Internal) arising out of this.
Purpose : (mainly external) for this purpose, with this mind/view, with this intention.
(Internal) ,’o this end.
c. Reversed causal relations:
Simple : for, because.
d. Conditional relations (‘if…, then’) (external and internal)
Simple : then.
Emphatic : in that case, that being the case, in such an event, under those circumstances.
Generalized : under the circumstances.
Reserved polarity: otherwise, under the circumstances.
e. Respective relations (“with respect to’) (Internal)
Direct : in this respect/ connection, with regard to this, here.
Reserved polarity: otherwise, in other respects, aside/ apart from this.

4. Temporal

The temporal relations are the relations between two successive sentences. Their
relation in external terms, as content may be simply one of the sequences in time. The one is
subsequent to the other. This temporal cohesion is expressed in its simple form by then.
The other expressions of temporal relationship besides then and end then are next,
afterwards, after that, subsequently, following, later, since. Halliday and Hasan (1976; 261)
stated that the presence of an additional component also make temporal relation more specific
in the meaning, as well as succession in time.
a. then + immediately (at once, thereupon, on which)
b. then + after an interval (soon, presently, later, after a time)
c. then + repetition (next time, on other occasion)
d. then + a specific time interval (next day, five minutes later)
In the sense of simultaneous there are at present, at this point, simultaneously, at the
same time, meantime, meanwhile, in the mean time, now, presently, then relative, and when.
Temporal relation may occur in correlative form that is an anaphoric time expression
in one sentence anticipating the anaphoric one that is to follow. The typical anaphoric
temporal is: first, first of all, at first etc. And the expectation will follow that is an item such
as next, then, second, or finally:
The example as follow:
(1) Brick tea is blend that has been compressed into a cake. It is taken mainly by the minority
groups in China. First, it is ground to a dust. Then it is ‘ usually cooked in milk. (Nunan:
1993:27)
Still under the heading of temporal relation, there is included the sense of ‘to return to
the point’ which is called resumptive. This resumptive relation is an internal one, expressed
by phrases such as anyway, to resume, or to come to the point
The distinction between the external and the internal type of temporal relation is fairly
easy to identify. In the internal type, the successivity is in the communication process, not in
the events being talked about. The meaning ‘next in the course of discussion’ is typically
expressed by the words next, then, or .secondly, etc, and the culmination of the discussion is
expressed by: finally, or in conclusion. The summary of the conjunctive relations of the
temporal types include:
a. Simple temporal relations (external)
Sequential : (and) then, next, afterwards, after that, subsequently.
Simultaneous : (just) the, at the same time, simultaneously.
Preceding : earlier, before, then/that, previously.
b. Complex temporal relations (external)
Immediate : at once, thereupon, on which, just before.
Interrupted : soon, presently, later, after a time, sometime earlier, formerly.
Repetitive : next time, on another occasion, this time, on this occasion, the last time, on a
previous occasion.
Specific : next day, five minutes earlier.
Durative : meanwhile, all this time.
Terminal : by this time, up till that time, until time.
Punctiliar : next moment, at this point/moment, the previous moment
c. Conclusive relations (external)
Simple : finally, at last, in the end, eventually.
d. Sequential and conclusive relations (external): correlative forms
Sequential : first… then, first… next, first… second.
Conclusive : at first… finally, at first:., in the end.
e. Temporal relations (internal)
Sequential : then, next, secondly…
Conclusive : finally, as a final point, in conclusion.
f. Temporal relations (internal) correlative form
Conclusive : …finally, …to conclude with.
g. ‘Here and now’ relations (internal)
Past : up to now, up to this point, hitherto, heretofore at this point, here.
Present : at this point.
Future : from now on, henceforward.
h. Summary relations (internal)
Culminative : to sum up, in short, briefly.
Resumptive : to resume, to get back to the point, anyway.
2.3.2 Function of Conjunction
Beside, Stern (2003: 101) proposed that the function of conjunction is to join any of the
following language units such as word, clause, sentence, and phrase to another.
1. Conjunction joins one words to another
For data: smile but sad
1. Conjunction joins one clause to another
For data: I saw a doctor because I felt unwell
1. Conjunctions joins one sentence to another
For data: it was raining, so I did not go out
1. Conjunctions joins one phrase to another
For data: the bus and the cab got terible accident
Stern (2003) also proposed that a major use of conjunctions is to join sentence parts that are
clauses. When we use of conjunction in this way, it is often possible to choose between
putting the conjoined clause (headed by the conjunction) first and putting it second. Because
the beginning of the sentence is the most prominent, your choice will depend on which clause
you want the reader or listener to focus on.
2.3.2.1 The Subclasses of Conjunction and Their Functions
Based on stern (2003: 103), there are two subclasses of conjunction, and one of them has
three subdivision, they are:
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
1. Coordinating conjunctions (in bold below) are conjunction that join small
scale units of language such as words and phrases. Such as: and, but,
either….or, neither….nor.
For example:
We gave flowers and fruits
word word
We visited our teachers but not all of them.
phrases phrases
1. Coordinating conjunctions also join clauses. The clauses headed by a coordinating
conjunction (underlined) are called a “coordinate clause”. For examples:
I cooked and they washed the dishes.
main clause coordinate clause
I was happy so I bought a chocolate.
main clause coordinate clause
I know her but I don’t like her.
main clause coordinate clause

According to Stern (2003), the main coordinating conjunctions and conjunction groups are:
and, but, so, yet, still, or, neither, nor, than, either….or, neither….nor, not only….but also, as
well as.
1. Subordinating Conjunctions
According to Stern (2003), subordinating conjunctions are the conjunctions that join clauses
to each other. But the two clauses are not equal. One is the main clause (also called a super
ordinate clause). The other headed by the subordinating conjunction is the subordinate clause.
Stern(2003: 104) also states that in the sense that the subordinate clause, together with its
subordinating conjunction, cannot Stern alone but must be join in any one of three functions
(conjunction underlined) for example:
1. As a noun clause:
What she doesn’t understand won’t hurt her.
subject of won’t hurt main clause

1. As an adjective clause
You have something that I would like to borrow.
main clause modifies something
1. As an adverb clause
When she is gone I feel sad.
modifies feel main clause
Stern (2003) also gives the explanation about the three subdivisions of subordinating
conjunctions that joined the three clauses above, they are:
1. Nominal Conjunction is the subordinating conjunction that used to join the main
clause with a noun.
For example:
I have got what was mine
main clause noun clause
The subordinate clause (what was mine) acts as a noun because it is the object of the verb
took. The main nominal conjunctions are: whoever, whatever, who, whom, which, that, when,
where, how, what, why, whether.
1. Adjectival conjunction is the subordinating conjunction that used to join an adjective
(bolded) with main clause.
For example:
I helped my mother who was cocking.
main clause adjective clause
The subordinate clause (who was cocking) acts as an adjective because it modifies the noun
mother.
The main adjectival conjunctions are: who, that, whom, when, whose, where, which.
 1. Adverbial Conjunction is the subordinating conjunction that used to join an adverb
with an adverb clause.
For example:
I washed when I got home
main clause adverb clause

The subordinate clause (when I got home) acts as an adverb of time that modifies the verb
washed.
The main adverbial conjunctions are: after, because, until, although, before, unless, since,
though, if, when, whenever, as, while, wherever.

 Additive
Additive in this chapter
Type of Additive Meaning Markers
Simple additive external/ internal and, and also
external/internal
Simple negative and, not, either, neither
Simple alternative external/ internal or, or else
Complex, emphatic
internal further(more), add to this/that
additive
Complex, emphatic
internal -
alternative
Complex, de-emphatic internal -
Expository apposition internal that is, in other words
Exemplificatory
internal eg, thus
apposition
Similar comparison internal -
Dissimilar comparison internal -

 Adversative
Adversative in this chapter
Type of
No. Meaning Markers
Adversative
Simple adversative
external/ internal -
‘proper’
1 Adversative ‘proper’
external/internal But
+ /containing‘and’
Emphatic
external/ internal Even
adversative ‘proper’
2 Contrastive (Avowal) internal -
Simple contrastive external but, and
3
Emphatic external -
 contrastive
Correction of
internal -
meaning
4
Correction of
internal
wording
Closed dismissal internal -
5
Open-ended internal Anyhow

 Causal
Causal in this chapter

No. Type of Causal Meaning Markers

1 external/ internal
Simple general so, then, therefore
2 Reversed causal Internal for, because
Simple conditional external/internal Then
3 Reversed polarity
external/internal Otherwise
conditional
Direct respective Internal
4
Reversed polarity Internal Otherwise

 Temporal
Temporal in this chapter
No. Type of Temporal Meaning Markers
Immediate complex external at once
Interrupted complex external Soon
1 Repetitive complex external next time
5 Specific complex external next day
Durative complex external Meanwhile
Terminal complex external until then
Punctiliar external at this moment
Sequential internal
2 internal then, next,
temporal
first . . . next, to begin with . .
Sequential correlatives internal
.
3
in the first place . . . to
Conclusive correlatives internal
conclude with
 CHAPTER II

I. Identification of the most absent cohesive device of bilingual sosiologi textbook

‘Sosiologi Bilingual’for senior high school grade XI semester 1 and 2’ CHAPTER 5
translated by M.Taupan., published by Mirpaberlin Zalukhu

Problem of
Paragraph Target language text Source language text
Clausa Cohesive
and Page (english) (indonesia)
Device
Paragraph 1 That condition will Hal tersebut akan Conjunction:
1 and cause many effect, both akan melahirkan Both
Page 154 positive and negative berbagai macam
ones. akibat,baik yang
bersifat positif
maupun yang bersifat
negatif.
Paragraph 2 Nevertheles, condition Mesipun demikian Conjunction:
1 and will create balance when hal tersebut lambat nevertheles
Page 154 every social group is laun akan
able to tolerante other menciptakan
groups. keseimbangan ketika
setiap kelompok sosial
sudah mampu
mentoleransi
kelompok lainnya.
Paragraph 3 Society is every group Masyarakat adalah Conjunction:
4 and of people who live and setiap kelompok and
Page 155 cooperate for a manusia yang hidup
relatively long time and dan bekerjasama
are able to create order dalam waktu relatif
in living together and lama dan mampu
they think as a solid membuat keteraturan
social unit (Raplh dalam kehidupan
Linton, 1968). bersama dan mereka
menganggap sebagai
satu kesatuan sosial.
(Raplh Linton, 1968).
Paragraph 4 Besides the house Selain bahan baku Conjunction:
1 and materials, the types of rumah,bentu rumah For
Page 163 house is adapted to the juga disesuaikan
environment condition, dengan keadaan
for example there are lingkungannya,
elevated houses to avoid misalnya ada rumah
wild animals. yang berbentuk rumah
panggung karena
mereka ingin
menghindarin
serangan binatang
buas.
Paragraph 5 Segmentation or Terjadinya segmentasi Conjunction:
2 and differentiation into some atau pembagian Or
Page 175 groups which often have kedalam kelompok-
different subcultures. kelompok yang sering
kali memiliki
subkebudayaan yang
berbeda satu sama
lain.
Paragraph 6 To unite the nation, the Untuk Conjunction:
1 and indonesia language hes mempertsatukan Also
Page 170 been chosen as the bangsanya maka
national language, but bahasa indonesia
local languages are also dijadikan bahasa
highly appreciated. persatuan,namun
dengan menjunjung
tinggi bahasa daerah.
Paragraph 7 All of them do social Semua kumpulan Conjunction
and Page interaction in their tersebut melakukan Not
activity,but not all interaksi sosial dalam
requirements of society kegiatannya, tapi
are fullfiled, such us the tidak persyaratan
presence of culture. masyarakat terpenuhi
seperti adanya
kebudayaan.
Paragraph 8 Intentional or coercive, Dengan cara sengaja Conjunction
and Page such us society in a atau dipaksakan, Such us
country which is formed misalnya masyarakat
intentionally. di suatu negara
dibentuk dengan cara
sengaja.
Paragraph 9 Measurement or the Ukuran atau jumlah Conjunction
and Page number of people manusia di dalam Cannot
cannot be used to menentukan suatu
determine a society. masyarakat tidak
dapat ita tentukan.

Paragraph 10 The conflict s in Adanya konflik pada Conjunction

and Page multicultural society are masyarakat but
not clashes which lead t multikultural bukan
disunity, but those are berarti adanya
differences due to pertentangan yang
primordial bonds. mengarah pada
perpecahan,
melainkan
perbedaan-perbedaan
akibat adanya ikatan
primordial.
Paragraph 11 One of the most Salah satu jalan yang
and Page effective ways to reach paling efektif untuk Conjunction
it is by developing mencapai hal itu ialah Either
science, either empirical mengembangkan ilmu
science or cultural pengetahuan baik ilmu
science which comes pengetahuan formal
from customs, beliefs, ,maupun pengetahuan
habits and the like budaya yang
bersumber dari adat ,
kepercayaan,
kebiasaan, dan
sejenisnya.

12. Not every group of Tidak semua Conjunction

Paragraph humans can be called kumpulan manusia or
and Page society.a group of bisa disebut sebagai
people who watch a masyarakat.pada
football match, gather in waktu sekumpulan
a market,or group of manusia menonton
people who watch a pertandingan sepak
musica concert cannot bola,berkumpul di
be called society. pasar, ataupun
kerumunan penonton
konser tidak bisa
disebut sebagai
masyarakat.

Paragraph 13. All of them do social Semua kumpulan

and Page interaction in their tersebut melakukan Conjunction
activity, but not all interaksi sosial dalam But
requirements of society kegiatannya, tapi
are fullfilled,such us the tidak semua
presence of culture. persyaratan
masyarakat terpenuhi
seperti adanya
kebudayaan.

Paragraph 14. Society is formed Masyarakat terbentuk

and Page naturally, even it secara alami, bahkan Conjunction
undergoes a social mengalami suatu Even
evolution evolusi sosial dalam
jangka waktu yang
lama.
 15. If the units have become Jika satuan –satuan
Paragraph heterogenous,a village, tersebut sudah Conjunction
and Page and as the time goes by. heterogen,maka akan and
A territorial community terbentuklah
will graduallybe formed. ketetanggaan atau
perkampungan dan
lambat laun akan
membentuk suatu
komunitas
berdasarkan batas
wilayahnya.

Paragraph 16. Measurement or the Ukuran atau jumlah

and Page number of people manusia di dalam Conjunction
cannot be used to menentukan suatu cannot
determine a society. masyarakat tidak
dapat kita tentukan.

Paragraph 17. Society in a narrow Masyarakat dalam arti

and Page sense , is the grouping of sempit ,yaitu Conjunction
people in smaller pengelompokan Such us
scopes, such us manusia yang ruang
Sundanese, Padang, lingkupnya lebih
Kalimantan, and Papua kecil, misalnya
societies. Sunda, Padang,
Kalimantan,dan
masyarakat Papua.

Paragraph 18. Therefore, multicultural Berdasarakan hal itu

and Page society can be defined as maka masyarakat Conjunction
society with many kinds multikultural dapat therefore
of culture, such us kita artikan sebagai
kinship, language and masyarakat yang
religious systems. memiliki berbagai
kebudayaan,misalnya
sistem
kekerabatan,bahasa,
dan religi.

Paragraph 19. This social life is not Kehidupan

and Page local or national,but it masyarakat ini sudah Conjunction
has become bukan lagi bersifat but
international. lokal ataupun
nasional, tetapi sudah
bersifat internasional.
Paragraph 20. In the society, there are Di dalam masyarakat
and Page also specific units, terdapat juga Conjunction
which actually are the kesatuan-kesatuan also
parts of a wider society. khusus, yang
sebenarnya
merupakan bagian
dari suatu masyarakat
(yang lebih luas).

Paragraph 21. Social category,which is Kategori sosial, yaitu

and Page the unit of people with kesatuan manusia Conjunction
objective characteristics dengan ciri ciri such us
applied on them,such us obyektif dikenakan
aa group of citizens who kepada mereka,
are entittiled to join the misalnya kelompok
general election or those warga negara yang
who who are 18 years telah berhak
old or more. mengikuti pemilu
yaitu yang sudah
berusia 18 tahun atau
lebih
Paragraph
and Page 22. Community is a unit of Komunitas adalah
human life that occupies suatu kesatuan hidup Conjunction
a specific area and they manusia yang so
are bound by a fixed menempati wilayah
cultural system and yang spesifik dan
spesific isentity, so they terikat oleh sistem
will form relational or budaya serta identitas
regional awareness such tertentu pula,sehingga
us a rural community timbul ikatan atau
and urban community. kesadaran wilayah
(lokalitas), misalnya
rural community dan
urban community.

Paragraph 23. There is one thing we Ada satu hal yang

and Page must remember that harus kita ingat yaitu
multiculturalism does multikulturalisme Conjunction
not only mean tidak hanya bermakna not
diversity,but we should keberagaman,tetapi
see it as equality in kita harus
diversity. memandangnya
sebagai adanya
kesederajatan diantara
perbedaan tersebut.
Paragraph 24. Consequently, Berdasarkan hal
and Page multicultural society is itu,maka masyarakat
different from multikultural tidak Conjunction
compound society sama dengan because
society, because masyarakat majemuk,
compound society only karena masyarakat
sees society as diversity majemuk hanya
of ethnic groups and memandang
cultures. mayarakat sebagai
keanekaragaman suku
bangsa dan
kebudayaannya saja.
Paragraph
and Page 25. Fisherman society is a Masyarakat nelayan
society with fishery as adalah masyarakat
the main livelihood, yang bermata Conjunction
either as fisherman in pencaharian sebagai either
the sea or by building nelayan di laut
their own fishpond ataupun membuka
business. usaha pertambakan.

Paragraph 26. Exclusive community, Masyarakat eksklusif

and Page that is a society which yaitu masyarakat
feels afraid of the yang merasa takut Conjunction
influence of outside kepada pengaruh That is
cultures which can budaya lain yang
destroy their culture. dapat merusak
kebudayaan mereka.
 CHAPTER III

No Conjunction Used
1 And 24
2 Nevertheless 1
3 For 4
4 Also 7
5 Not 3
6 Or 4
7 But 4
8 Even 1
9 Such us 9
10 Cannot 1
11 That is 2
12 Therefore 1
13 Either 3
14 Because 1

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ADDITIVE
ADVERTISE
CASUAL
TEMPORAL

Conjunction
 REFERENCES

http//www.brightsunnygirl.wordpress.com

Sosiologi bilingual untuk SMA/MA kelas XI semester 1&2