International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(6): 1076-1079
P-ISSN: 2349–8528
E-ISSN: 2321–4902
IJCS 2018; 6(6): 1076-1079
© 2018 IJCS
Received: 04-09-2018
Accepted: 08-10-2018
Desai Supal Alpeshkumar
Department of Floriculture and
landscape architecture, Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari,
Gujarat, India
Dr. Bhavesh patel
Assistant Extension
Educationist, Directorate of
Extension Education, Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari,
Gujarat, India
Naik Pooja Rajeshbhai
Department of Post Harvest
Technology, Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari,
Gujarat, India
Patel Vipulbhai
Department of Floriculture and
landscape architecture Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari,
Gujarat, India
Correspondence
Desai Supal Alpeshkumar
Department of Floriculture and
landscape architecture, Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari,
Gujarat, India
Effect of plant growth enhancers on growth and
flowering of tuberose cv. Prajwal
Desai Supal Alpeshkumar, Dr. Bhavesh patel, Naik Pooja Rajeshbhai and
Patel Vipulbhai
Abstract
The experiment on “Effect of plant growth enhancers on growth and flowering of tuberose cv. Prajwal”
comprised of 13 treatments of three concentrations of each plant growth enhancers i.e. enriched sap of
banana pseudostem (5000 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 15,000 ppm), brassinosteroid (0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm and
0.75 ppm), each GA3 and BA (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, respectively). The results indicate that the
growth parameters were significantly differed with various treatments. Among different concentrations of
plant growth enhancers, T4 (Enriched sap of banana pseudostem at 15,000 ppm) was found significantly
highest plant height (74.8 cm), number of leaves (70.20) and leaf area (65.20 cm2). An advanced rachis
emergence (37.53 days) and first florets opening (7 days), significantly higher spike length (103 cm),
rachis length (27.2 cm) and vase life (11.20 days) were also recorded with the application of 15,000 ppm
Enriched sap of banana pseudostem.
Keywords: plant growth enhancers, enriched sap of banana pseudostem, brassinosteroid, GA3, BA,
tuberose
Introduction
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) also known as Rajnigandha, Gul-e-chari, Nishighandha is
native of Mexico and belongs to the family Asparagaceae. It is one of the most important
bulbous plants of tropical and sub-tropical region not only due to its white colour flowers,
attractive spike and delightful fragrance, but easy cultivation and wide adaptability to varying
soils and agro-climatic conditions. Its flower is a very good source of essential oils which is
used in the production of cosmetic and perfumery products (Hussain, 1986) [10]. Increase in
flower production, quality flowers and perfection in the form of plants are the important
objectives in commercial flower production.
In India, major tuberose cultivating states are Karnataka, Maharashtra, Assam, Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. It is well adapted to the climatic
condition of Gujarat and is grown on a large scale by the growers of Gujarat. This herbaceous
perennial bulbous plant is commercially cultivated under South Gujarat and has gained
considerable importance due to its varied uses. The climate of heavy rainfall zone of south
Gujarat is also favourable for growing this crop commercially.
The variety Prajwal selected for experiment was found better for maximum stalk length and
higher yield of cut spikes in Gujarat. It is a hybrid which bears single flowers floret on tall
spikes. It resulted from the cross “Shringar x Mexican Single”. The flower buds are slightly
pinkish in colour, while the flowers are white. The individual fully opened florets are used as
loose flowers whereas whole spike is used as cut flowers. Tuberose inflorescences (spikes)
bear 10 to 20 pairs of florets which open from the base upward. Commercially, spikes 2 to 3
feet long are harvested when the basal florets are open. Unopened flower buds scarcely open
after harvest, and thus display quality of tuberose spikes is limited (Michael, 1996) [14].
The role of plant growth enhancers in ornamental bulbous plants has received considerable
attention. Plant growth substance play a vital role in overall performance including growth,
flowering and yield of tuberose. Enriched sap of banana pseudo stem contains gibberellic acid
(110.2- 205.0 ppm) and cytokinin (137.8-244.3 ppm). The stimulation of gibberellic acid,
which is known to be one of the endogenous growth enhancers, could be attributed to its
unique roles in plant growth and promote flowering as reported by many investigators.
Gibberellic acid improves the quality and yield, increase cell elongation and cell division,
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International Journal of Chemical Studies
delayed senescence, break seed dormancy, initiation root,
stimulate flowering, height of plant, number of leaves,
chlorophyll content, reduce the juvenile period required for
flowering. The effect of cytokinins especially BA (benzyl
adenine) for cell divisions, leaf growth, increase stem
diameter, root and bud differentiation, delays senescence and
apical dominance in the plant. Leaves with proper
concentrations of cytokinins remain green and healthy.
Cytokinins and gibberellins tend to retard flower senescence
(Halevy and Mayank, 1981) [8]. Brassinosteroids increase
resistance against unfavorable environmental factors, stress
and diseases including salt, drought, temperature extremes
and pathogens, it also increase flowering and improve growth
and yield. It stimulates seed germination, vascular
differentiation and apical dominance. Keeping in view the
above facts, an investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth
enhancers on growth, flowering and yield of tuberose cv.
Prajwal”.
Materials and Methods
An experiment entitled “Effect of plant growth enhancers on
T1 - Control (No spray)
T2 - Enriched sap of banana pseudostem @ 5000 ppm
T3 - Enriched sap of banana pseudostem @ 10,000 ppm
T4 - Enriched sap of banana pseudostem @ 15,000 ppm
T5 - BR @ 0.25 ppm
T6 - BR @ 0.50 ppm
T7 - BR @ 0.75 ppm
GA3 50, 100, 150 ppm was prepared by dissolving 50, 100
and 150 mg GA3 respectively in 10 ml of absolute alcohol and
made 1 liter of final volume in distilled water. Similarly, BA
50, 100, 150 ppm solution was prepared. For preparation of
5000, 10,000 and 15,000 ppm of enriched sap of banana
pseudostem solution, 5, 10 and 15 ml of enriched sap of
banana pseudostem was respectively dissolved in distilled
water by making final volume of 1 liter. For preparation of
0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ppm of BR solution, 0.46, 0.93 and 1.40
ml of brassinosteroid (0.04% w/w) was respectively dissolved
in distilled water by making final volume of 1 litre. The
treatments were applied as foliar spray at 60, 90 and 120 days
after sprouting. The treatments were applied as foliar spray at
60, 90 and 120 days after sprouting.
Results and Discussion
From various treatments, significantly maximum plant height
(74.8 cm) was recorded under Enriched sap of banana
pseudostem 15,000 ppm which was statistically at par with
T10, T13, T6, T3, T12, T5 and T11, while minimum plant height
i.e. 55.2 cm was recorded with BR 0.75 ppm.
Enriched sap of banana pseudostem contain some
biochemical such as gibberellic acid, NAA, cytokinin,
chemicals i.e. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, micronutrients (Mn, Cu,
Zn, Zn) and beneficial microbes (PSB, Rhizobium,
Azotobacter and Fungus). The most pronounced effect of
Gibberellins on the plant growth is an elongation of
internodes. This increase in plant height might be due to
increased meristimatic activity due to enhance cell division
and cell elongation. Cytokinins are involved with plant
growth and development through stimulating and accelerating
cell division and/or cell enlargement or both, Sajid et al.
(2015) [23] on gladiolus; Asil et al. (2011) [4] in tuberose. The
result was supported by Bhattuchajee et al. (2002) [5] on
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growth and flowering of tuberose cv. Prajwal” was conducted
at the Floriculture Research Farm, ASPEE College of
Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari during March, 2017 to March, 2018.
The climate of South Gujarat, where the experiment site is
situated, is typically tropical characterized by fairly hot
summer, moderately cold winter and warm humid monsoon.
Generally, monsoon in this region commences in the second
week of June and retreats by the end of September. Pre-
monsoon rains in the last week of May or in the first week of
June are not uncommon. Most of the precipitation is received
from South West monsoon, concentrating in the month of July
and August. The winter season sets in usually towards the end
of October. The lowest temperature of season is recorded
either in December or January and hence these two months
are the coldest months of the season. From the February
onwards the temperature starts rising and reaches the
maximum in the month of the summer season.
Treatment Details
T8 - GA3 @ 50 ppm
T9 - GA3 @ 100 ppm
T10 - GA3 @ 150 ppm
T11 - BA @ 50 ppm
T12 - BA @ 100 ppm
T13 - BA @ 150 ppm
Corchourus olitrorius L.; Soad et al. (2010) [28] on croton;
Padmalatha et al. (2013) [17], Sable et al. (2015) [22].
Effect of nitrogen increased the efficiency of metabolic
process of the plant and vegetative growth of the plant.
Similar findings were observed by Rathod et al. (2017) [21] in
pomegranate cv. Bhagva.
Maximum number of leaves per plant (70.20) and leaf area
(65.20 cm2) were recorded with the application of 15000 ppm
Enriched sap of banana pseudostem, whereas minimum
number of leaves and leaf area were observed in 0.75 ppm BR
i.e. 20.20 and 50.60 cm2, respectively.
Increase in number of leaves might be due to gibberellins
cause stem elongation which results from rapid elongation of
internodes due to cell division and cell elongation leading to
the production of more number of leaves, Padmalatha et al.
(2013) [17] and Sable et al. (2015) [22] in gladiolus; Singh and
Shankar (2011) [26] in tuberose. Significantly, maximum leaf
area might be due to its action on cell division and cell
enlargement. The same findings were observed by Singh and
Barad (2001) [27] and Padaganur et al. (2004) [16] in tuberose.
The marked improvement in growth attributes i.e. plant
height, number of leaves per plant and leaf area of the crop by
Enriched sap of banana pseudostem might be due to
increasing auxin level of tissue or enhance the conversion of
tryptophan to IAA leading to the enhanced activity of cell
division and cell elongation through the effect of gibberellic
acid and cytokinin singly or due to combine effect of both.
This kind of results was observed by Jadhav et al. (2015) [11]
in gladiolus cv. American Beauty, (Anon., 2016) [3] in brinjal
and chillies seedlings, Palagani and Singh (2017) [15] in
gerbera and Rathod et al. (2017) [21] in pomegranate cv.
Bhagva.
Early rachis emergence (37.53 days) and first floret opening
(7 days) in tuberose cv. Prajwal were found in 15000 ppm
Enriched sap of banana pseudostem, whereas 0.75 ppm BR
International Journal of Chemical Studies

resulted in more days for rachis emergence (52.07 days) and
first floret opening (14.27 days). This might be due to
reduction in juvenile period due to gibberellins and
convention of apical meristem into flowering primodia
instead of production of leaves at the determination of
juvenile phase, Krishnamoorthy (1975) [12], Rajput et al.
(2011) [20] in golden rod and Wagh et al. (2012) [29] in
tuberose.
The significantly maximum spike length and rachis length i.e.
103 cm and 27.2 cm, respectively was obtained with the
application of Enriched sap of banana pseudostem 15000
ppm, whereas minimum value of spike length i.e. 78 cm and
rachis length i.e. 19.1 cm were recorded in 0.75 ppm BR.
Increased spike length might be due to rapid internode
elongation as a result of increased cell division and cell
elongation in intercalary meristem, Kumar et al. (2011) [13]
and Shanker et al. (2011) [25] in tuberose. Gibberellic acid
promotes vegetative growth and increases the photosynthetic
and metabolic activities causing more transport and utilization
of photosynthetic products (Halevy and Shild, 1970) [9] and
Dogra et al. (2012) [7] in gladiolus. The present findings thus
agreed with (Anon., 2014) [2] on banana cv. Grand Nain and
Chaudhary et al. (2016) [6] in gladiolus cv. American Beauty.

Table 1: Effect of plant growth enhancers on growth and flowering attributes of tuberose cv. Prajwal
Plant Number of Leaf Days to Spike Rachis Vase
Days to first
Treatments Height leaves per area rachis Length length life
floret opening
(cm) plant (cm2) emergence (cm) (cm) (days)
T1 – Control 57.4 35.47 52.10 50.53 13.80 80.00 19.9 8.00
T2 - Enriched sap of banana
59.2 40.27 53.20 49.40 13.40 82.00 20.4 8.53
pseudostem @ 5000 ppm
T3 - Enriched sap of banana
71.6 63.73 62.00 44.60 8.67 95.00 25.1 10.47
pseudostem @ 10000 ppm
T4 - Enriched sap of banana
74.8 70.20 65.20 37.53 7.00 103.00 27.2 11.20
pseudostem @ 15000 ppm
T5 - BR @ 0.25 ppm 68.9 56.73 60.80 45.87 9.67 92.00 23.4 9.87
T6 - BR @ 0.50 ppm 72.5 65.27 62.90 42.47 8.27 97.00 25.9 10.60
T7 - BR @ 0.75 ppm 55.2 20.20 50.60 52.07 14.27 78.00 19.1 7.73
T8 - GA3 @ 50 ppm 62.3 46.20 55.00 48.07 12.27 84.00 21.1 9.00
T9 - GA3 @ 100 ppm 64.2 48.80 56.30 46.93 11.67 87.00 21.8 9.20
T10 - GA3 @ 150 ppm 73.9 69.20 64.10 39.73 7.40 101.00 26.8 10.93
T11 - BA @ 50 ppm 67.4 51.80 58.40 46.33 10.53 89.00 22.3 9.47
T12 - BA @ 100 ppm 70.4 60.73 61.20 45.00 9.13 94.00 24.3 10.07
T13 - BA @ 150 ppm 73.2 65.80 63.50 41.60 7.87 99.00 26.1 10.53
S. Em. ± 3.16 2.99 3.02 2.46 0.46 5.13 1.30 0.59
C.D. at 5 % 9.23 8.73 8.80 7.19 1.34 14.98 3.79 1.73
CV % 8.18 9.70 8.87 9.40 7.73 9.79 9.64 10.64

Enriched sap of banana pseudostem at 15,000 ppm was (2017) [21] in pomegranate cv. Bhagva and Parmar (2017) [21]

recorded significantly higher with respect to vase life (11.20
days), which was statistically at par T10, T13, T6, T12, T5, T11 and
T3, while minimum vase life (7.73 days) was observed in BR
at 0.75 ppm (T7).
The beneficial effect of plant growth enhancers on vase life
were might be due to PGR especially cytokinins and
gibberellins have positive effects on post-harvest life of cut
flowers. The maximum increase in spike length might be due
to sucrose which increasing vase life of flowers by acting as
the main source of food and reparable substance during
opening of flower petals and more uptake of water from vase
solution which increasing vase life by Shanker and Sharma
(2016) [24] in tuberose cv. Double. Gibberellic acid increase
flower size and number of florets, which increased stored
food material in tissue, which cause increase in vase life of
flower indirectly Chaudhary et al. (2016) [6] in gladiolus cv.
American Beauty. A similar finding was made by Jadhav et
al. (2015) [11] in gladiolus cv. American Beauty.
The superiority of vegetative growth might have led to the
increase in flowering attributes and good quality of flower
spikes in tuberose var. Prajwal due to the effect of gibberellic
acid and cytokinin singly or due to combine effect of both.
The present findings thus agreed with (Anon., 2013) [1] in
papaya, (Anon., 2014) [2] in banana cv. Grand Nain, Jadhav et
al. (2015) [11] and Chaudhary et al. (2016) [6] in gladiolus cv.
American Beauty; Palagani and Singh (2017) [15] in gerbera;
Patel et al. (2017) [19, 21] in mango cv. Kesar, Rathod et al.
in papaya var. Red Lady.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the foliar application of banana
pseudostem @ 15000 ppm sprayed at 60, 90 and 120 days
after sprouting was obtained maximum growth and quality
flower production.
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