Correlation
Internal Consistency Reliability
Interrater Reliability
Item Analysis
Tables
Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Correlation/Reliability
Charles Zaiontz, 22 February 2019
Table of Contents
Correlation
Basic concepts
Covariance and independence (Figure 1)
Correlation coefficient (Example 1)
Unbiased estimates for correlation coefficient
Scatter diagrams
Scatter diagrams (Figure 1)
Scatter diagrams (Example 1)
Multiple correlation
Correlation data analysis tool (Example 1)
Multiple correlation coefficient (Example 1)
Partial and semi-partial correlation (Example 2)
Observation about partial and semi-partial correlation (Figure 4 and 5)
Resampling
Resampling (Example 1)
Data analysis tool
Extra example
Biserial correlation
Biserial correlation coefficient
Box-Cox Transformations
Transformation for Linearity (Example 1)
Transformation for Normality (Example 2)
Transformation for Normality (Example 3)
Polychoric correlation
Basic concepts
Polychoric correlation using Solver
Polychoric correlation, improved version
Tetrachoric correlation, using Solver and estimates
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Split-half methodology
Split-half methodology for reliability (Example 1)
Split-half methodology for reliability (Example 2)
Guttman's lambda 4 (Example 4)
Guttman's reliability (Example 5)
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Cronbach's alpha
Cronbach's alpha (Example 1)
Cronbach's alpha with one question removed (Example 2)
Cronbach's alpha using ANOVA (Example 3)
Cronbach's alpha using ANOVA (Example 4)
Real Statistics functions and data analysis tool (Example 4)
Hypothesis testing and confidence interval (Example 5)
Sample size to achieve confidence width (Example 6)
Statistical power (Example 7)
Sample size (Example 8)
Interrater Reliability
Cohen's kappa
Cohen's kappa (Example 1)
Standard error and confidence interval (Figure 5)
Real Statistics function and data analysis tool (Figure 7)
Weighted kappa
Weighted kappa (Example 1)
Unweighted kappa using a weighted approach (Figure 2)
Standard error and confidence interval (Example 2)
Fleiss' Kappa
Fleiss' kappa (Example 1)
Extra example (Fleiss' kappa for Example 1 of Cohen's kappa)
Extra example (Fleiss' kappa for Example 1 of Intraclass correlation)
Kendall's W
Real Statistics function and data analysis tool (Example 1)
Kendall's W (Example 1)
Kendall's W with ties (Example 2)
Krippendorff's Alpha
Categorical ratings
Calculation of standard error for ratings
Ordinal ratings
Interval ratings
Ratio ratings
Explicit rating values
Summary
Gwet's AC2
Categorical ratings
Interval ratings
Real Statistic functions
Bland-Altman
Bland-Altman (Example 1)
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Item Analysis
Tables
Pearson's Correlation Table
Spearman's Rho Table
Kendall's Tau Table
Covariance and independence
x y
1 -1 1 cov(x,y) 0 #NAME?
2 0 0
3 1 1 corr(x,y) 0 #NAME?
Correlation Coefficient
Correl 0.9576187
Correlation Coefficient
x y
2 2 r = 0.976
4 4 25
7 10
5 8 20
8 12
6 9 15
9 16
12 21
10
3 6
10 15
5
x y
2 3
4 6
7 5
5 21
8 12
6 14
9 2
12 16
3 12
10 5
20
15
10
0
12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
r = -0.912
25
20
15
10
0
12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Nonlinear - Scatter Diagrams
x y
2 66 Non-linear Association
4 16 100
7 45 90
5 15 80
8 68 70
6 23 60
9 78
50
8 62
40
3 36
30
10 93
20
10
0.600453
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
9 10 11
Correlation: One Sample Hypothesis Testing
r -0.71343 #NAME? r
ρ 0 ρ
n 15 #NAME? r'
df 13 #NAME? ρ'
sr 0.194347 #NAME?
t -3.67092 #NAME? n
α 0.05 sr'
t-crit 1.770933 =T.INV(1-E11,E8) z
p-value 0.001411 =T.DIST.RT(ABS(E10),E8) α
sig yes #NAME? z-crit
p-value
sig
QQ Tables
Count 15 30
Mean 19.4
Std Dev 12.45449
QQ Tables
Count 15 30
Mean 73.53333
Std Dev 10.96662
2.5
normal test (one-tail)
2
1.5
-0.71343 #NAME?
1
0 #NAME?
Std Normal
0.5
-0.89414 #NAME? 0
0 #NAME? -0.5 50 5
#NAME? -1
15 #NAME? -1.5
-2
0.288675 #NAME?
-2.5
-3.09738 #NAME?
0.05
-1.64485 =NORM.S.INV(J13)
0.000976 =NORM.S.DIST(J12,TRUE)
yes #NAME?
2.5
2
1.5
1
Std Normal
0.5
0
-0.5 0 5
-1
Std Data -1.5
-1.2365 -2
-2.5
-1.2365
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-1.15621
-0.91533
-0.67446
-0.43358
-0.1927
-0.03212
0.289052
0.289052
0.449637
0.529929
0.770806
1.25256
2.296361
Std Data
-1.87235
-1.41642
-1.23405
-0.77812
-0.50456
-0.13982
-0.04863
0.133739
0.407297
0.498483
0.589668
0.680854
0.954412
1.045598
1.683898
Longevity v. Smoking Real Statistics functions
95 #NAME?
90
#NAME?
85
Life Expectancy (years)
80
75 #NAME?
70 #NAME?
65
60
#NAME?
55
#NAME?
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
#NAME?
Number of Cigarettes Smoked (per day)
#NAME?
QQ Plot - Longevity
2.5
2
1.5
1
Std Normal
0.5
0
-0.5 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Data
QQ Plot - Cigarettes
2.5
2
1.5
1
Std Normal
0.5
0
-0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Data
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Data
al Statistics functions Real Statistics array functions
-0.71343
#NAME?
#NAME?
0.05 Rho 0
2 Alpha 0.05
Tails 2
-0.71343
#NAME? corr -0.71343
#NAME? std err #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Correlation: One Sample Hypothesis Testing
10.0
r
9.0 ρ
n
Infant Mortality
8.0
df
7.0 sr
t
6.0
α
5.0 t-crit
p-value
4.0
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
sig
lower
Poverty Rate
upper
t-test (one-tail)
r
ρ
n
df
sr
t
α
t-crit
p-value
sig
=NORM.S.INV(1-Y13/2)
=2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(Y12,TRUE))
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=NORM.S.INV(1-Y28)
=1-NORM.S.DIST(Y27,TRUE)
#NAME?
Correlation: One Sample Hypothesis Testing
two-tail
r 0.197
ρ 0
n 100
df 98 #NAME?
sr 0.099036 #NAME?
t 1.989182 #NAME?
α 0.05
t-crit 1.984467 =T.INV.2T(B11,B8)
p-value 0.049469 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(B10),B8)
sig yes #NAME?
one-tail
r 0.197
ρ 0
n 100
df 98 #NAME?
sr 0.099036 #NAME?
t 1.989182 #NAME?
α 0.05
t-crit 1.660551 =T.INV(1-B24,B21)
p-value 0.024734 =T.DIST.RT(ABS(B23),B21)
sig yes #NAME?
State Rankings - Statistical Abstract of the United States
1
-0.427170303 1
-0.12344449 -0.094309992 1
-0.16302015 0.3139608233 -0.641050841 1
-0.003297474 -0.220342949 0.7194456909 -0.763041388 1
-0.170764068 0.3823495881 0.1155357438 -0.058416748 -0.090654877 1
-0.232064979 -0.050423697 0.5874442829 -0.675229859 0.8213230814 -0.015547411 1
rWI2 0.1451888517
rPI
2
0.3185807372
rPW 2
0.0125467399
RP,WI2 0.33100518
rP(W,I)2 0.0124244428
rPW,I
2
0.0182331841
1-r PI
2
0.6814192628
A+B+C RP,WI2 0.3310052 =(M5^2+M6^2-2*M5*M6*N6)/(1-N6^2)
A+B rPW 2 0.0125467 =M6^2
B+C rPI
2
0.3185807 =M5^2
B 0.0001223 =X30+X31-X29
A rP(W,I)
2
0.0124244 =(M6-M5*N6)^2/(1-N6^2)
C rP(I,W)
2
0.3184584 =(M5-M6*N6)^2/(1-N6^2)
n 100
sr' 0.101535
normal test standard normal test Using Real Statistics formulas Using Real Statistics form
Sample 2
46 r 0.975292
78
39 #NAME? #NAME?
9 #NAME? #NAME?
39 #NAME? #NAME?
71 #NAME? #NAME?
41
Correlation - bootstrapping
alpha 0.05
sample 0.975292
lef 0.024
right 0
p-value 0.024
Confidence interval
mean 0.972337
stdev 0.039079
lower 0.901627
upper 0.998899
prob cum %
0.01503 0.01503 Histogram
0.001002 0.016032
350
0.001002 0.017034
300
0.000501 0.017535
250
0.002505 0.02004
200
0.004008 0.024048 Frequency
150
0.002004 0.026052
100
0.002505 0.028557
50
0.004008 0.032565
0
0.003006 0.035571
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 re
0.010521 0.046092 .87 .88 .89 .90 .91 .92 .93 .94 .95 .96 .97 .98 .99 Mo
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.007014 0.053106
0.002004 0.05511 Bin
0.014529 0.069639
0.005511 0.07515
0.016032 0.091182
0.015531 0.106713
0.032064 0.138778
0.059619 0.198397
0.090681 0.289078
0.097695 0.386774
0.150301 0.537074
0.140281 0.677355
0.115731 0.793086
0.093687 0.886774
0.113226 1
0 1
coefficient = .9
Randomization: correlation
Frequency
-0.7 19 86 0.0095 0.043
40
-0.65 17 103 0.0085 0.0515
20
-0.6 40 143 0.02 0.0715
-0.55 57 200 0.0285 0.1 0
5 5 re
.99 Mo -0.5 35 235 0.0175 0.1175 -1 5 7 5 4 5 1
.8 -0. 0.5 -0. 0.2 -0. 0.0
5
0.
2
0 -0 - -
-0.45 75 310 0.0375 0.155
-0.4 76 386 0.038 0.193 Bin
-0.35 69 455 0.0345 0.2275
-0.3 61 516 0.0305 0.258
-0.25 68 584 0.034 0.292
-0.2 106 690 0.053 0.345
-0.15 81 771 0.0405 0.3855
-0.1 54 825 0.027 0.4125
-0.05 64 889 0.032 0.4445
2.08E-16 66 955 0.033 0.4775
0.05 75 1030 0.0375 0.515
0.1 73 1103 0.0365 0.5515
0.15 97 1200 0.0485 0.6
0.2 95 1295 0.0475 0.6475
0.25 101 1396 0.0505 0.698
0.3 112 1508 0.056 0.754
0.35 70 1578 0.035 0.789
0.4 50 1628 0.025 0.814
0.45 53 1681 0.0265 0.8405
0.5 53 1734 0.0265 0.867
0.55 35 1769 0.0175 0.8845
0.6 46 1815 0.023 0.9075
0.65 71 1886 0.0355 0.943
0.7 33 1919 0.0165 0.9595
0.75 24 1943 0.012 0.9715
0.8 33 1976 0.0165 0.988
0.85 5 1981 0.0025 0.9905
0.9 3 1984 0.0015 0.992
0.95 9 1993 0.0045 0.9965
1 7 2000 0.0035 1
More 0 2000 0 1
2000
Analysis: correlation coefficient = 0
alpha 0.05
sample 0.975292
lef 0
right 0.001
p-value 0.001
Histogram
5 4 5 1 5 2 5 5 5 8 5
.5 -0. 0.2 -0. 0.0 0. 0.3 0. 0.6 0. 0.9
-0 -
Bin
Correlation - resampling
Frequency
400
4 73 -0.9 103 138 0.0103 0.0138 300
26 79 -0.875 252 390 0.0252 0.039 200
100
11 81 -0.85 402 792 0.0402 0.0792 0
19 75 -0.825 654 1446 0.0654 0.1446
-1 25 85 75 .7 25
14 68 -0.8 782 2228 0.0782 0.2228 0 .9 -0. 0.7 -0 0.6 -0
- - -
35 72 -0.775 822 3050 0.0822 0.305
29 58 -0.75 836 3886 0.0836 0.3886
4 92 -0.725 858 4744 0.0858 0.4744
23 65 -0.7 761 5505 0.0761 0.5505
-0.675 649 6154 0.0649 0.6154
-0.65 638 6792 0.0638 0.6792
Histo
-0.625 516 7308 0.0516 0.7308 400
350
300
-0.6 459 7767 0.0459 0.7767 250
200
-0.575 399 8166 0.0399 0.8166 150
100
-0.55 344 8510 0.0344 0.851 50
0
Frequency
-0.525 245 8755 0.0245 0.8755 -1 75 .75 25 0.5 75 .25
-0.5 212 8967 0.0212 0.8967 .8 -0 0.6 - 0.3 -0 0
-0 - - -
-0.475 203 9170 0.0203 0.917
6 71
-0.45 144 9314 0.0144 0.9314 14
66
-0.425 118 9432 0.0118 0.9432 92
4.
-0.4 126 9558 0.0126 0.9558
-0.375 94 9652 0.0094 0.9652
-0.35 74 9726 0.0074 0.9726
-0.325 56 9782 0.0056 0.9782
-0.3 48 9830 0.0048 0.983
-0.275 38 9868 0.0038 0.9868
-0.25 24 9892 0.0024 0.9892
-0.225 18 9910 0.0018 0.991
-0.2 23 9933 0.0023 0.9933
-0.175 16 9949 0.0016 0.9949
-0.15 9 9958 0.0009 0.9958
-0.125 9 9967 0.0009 0.9967
-0.1 6 9973 0.0006 0.9973
-0.075 10 9983 0.001 0.9983
-0.05 3 9986 0.0003 0.9986
-0.025 3 9989 0.0003 0.9989
4.93E-16 1 9990 0.0001 0.999
0.025 3 9993 0.0003 0.9993
0.05 1 9994 0.0001 0.9994
0.075 1 9995 0.0001 0.9995
0.1 1 9996 0.0001 0.9996
More 4 10000 0.0004 1
10000
alpha 0.05
sample -0.71343
lef 0
right 0.001
p-value 0.001
Confidence interval
mean -0.68857
stdev 0.142381
lower -0.88664
upper -0.34064
Randomization: correlation
Histogram
bin freq cum
1000
900 -1 0 0
800 -0.975 0 0
700
600 -0.95 0 0
500 -0.925 0 0
400
300 -0.9 0 0
200 -0.875 0 0
100
0 -0.85 0 0
-0.825 0 0
-1 25 85 75 .7 25 55 75 .4 25 25 75 .1 25 05 re
0 .9 -0. 0.7 -0 0.6 -0. 0.4 -0 0.3 -0. 0.1 -0 0.0 0. Mo -0.8 1 1
- - - - - - -
-0.775 3 4
Bin -0.75 6 10
-0.725 2 12
-0.7 7 19
-0.675 11 30
Histogram -0.65 15 45
400 -0.625 26 71
350
300
250 -0.6 31 102
200
150 -0.575 39 141
100
50 -0.55 48 189
0
-1 75 .75 25 0.5 75 .25 25 -16 25 .25 75 0.5 25 .75 75 1 -0.525 67 256
.8 -0 0.6 - 0.3 -0 0.1 3E 0.1 0 0.3 6 0 .8
-0 - - - 41 0. 0 -0.5 74 330
7 7 -0.475 94 424
1
4 67
1 -0.45 85 509
2 66
9 -0.425 105 614
4.
-0.4 133 747
Bin -0.375 146 893
-0.35 156 1049
-0.325 188 1237
-0.3 213 1450
-0.275 232 1682
-0.25 234 1916
-0.225 240 2156
-0.2 255 2411
-0.175 276 2687
-0.15 285 2972
-0.125 314 3286
-0.1 315 3601
-0.075 329 3930
-0.05 353 4283
-0.025 344 4627
4.93E-16 366 4993
0.025 354 5347
0.05 365 5712
0.075 335 6047
0.1 349 6396
0.125 297 6693
0.15 318 7011
0.175 323 7334
0.2 279 7613
0.225 300 7913
0.25 252 8165
0.275 214 8379
0.3 251 8630
0.325 219 8849
0.35 185 9034
0.375 157 9191
0.4 155 9346
0.425 130 9476
0.45 117 9593
0.475 84 9677
0.5 78 9755
0.525 53 9808
0.55 48 9856
0.575 41 9897
0.6 32 9929
0.625 22 9951
0.65 19 9970
0.675 9 9979
0.7 8 9987
0.725 4 9991
0.75 3 9994
0.775 2 9996
0.8 2 9998
0.825 2 10000
0.85 0 10000
0.875 0 10000
0.9 0 10000
0.925 0 10000
0.95 0 10000
0.975 0 10000
1 0 10000
More 0 10000
10000
Frequency
0 0 -0.925 4 5 0.002 0.0025 80
0 0 -0.9 19 24 0.0095 0.012 60
40
0 0 -0.875 47 71 0.0235 0.0355 20
0 0 -0.85 96 167 0.048 0.0835 0
0 0 -0.825 106 273 0.053 0.1365 -1 25 85 75 -0.7 625
0 .9 -0. 0.7 .
0.0001 0.0001 -0.8 160 433 0.08 0.2165 - - -0
0.0003 0.0004 -0.775 172 605 0.086 0.3025
0.0006 0.001 -0.75 165 770 0.0825 0.385
0.0002 0.0012 -0.725 169 939 0.0845 0.4695
0.0007 0.0019 -0.7 174 1113 0.087 0.5565
0.0011 0.003 -0.675 137 1250 0.0685 0.625
0.0015 0.0045 -0.65 100 1350 0.05 0.675
0.0026 0.0071 -0.625 106 1456 0.053 0.728
0.0031 0.0102 -0.6 90 1546 0.045 0.773
0.0039 0.0141 -0.575 79 1625 0.0395 0.8125
0.0048 0.0189 -0.55 57 1682 0.0285 0.841
0.0067 0.0256 -0.525 62 1744 0.031 0.872
0.0074 0.033 -0.5 43 1787 0.0215 0.8935
0.0094 0.0424 -0.475 30 1817 0.015 0.9085
0.0085 0.0509 -0.45 40 1857 0.02 0.9285
0.0105 0.0614 -0.425 30 1887 0.015 0.9435
0.0133 0.0747 -0.4 21 1908 0.0105 0.954
0.0146 0.0893 -0.375 11 1919 0.0055 0.9595
0.0156 0.1049 -0.35 14 1933 0.007 0.9665
0.0188 0.1237 -0.325 18 1951 0.009 0.9755
0.0213 0.145 -0.3 9 1960 0.0045 0.98
0.0232 0.1682 -0.275 8 1968 0.004 0.984
0.0234 0.1916 -0.25 8 1976 0.004 0.988
0.024 0.2156 -0.225 5 1981 0.0025 0.9905
0.0255 0.2411 -0.2 4 1985 0.002 0.9925
0.0276 0.2687 -0.175 3 1988 0.0015 0.994
0.0285 0.2972 -0.15 1 1989 0.0005 0.9945
0.0314 0.3286 -0.125 1 1990 0.0005 0.995
0.0315 0.3601 -0.1 3 1993 0.0015 0.9965
0.0329 0.393 -0.075 1 1994 0.0005 0.997
0.0353 0.4283 -0.05 1 1995 0.0005 0.9975
0.0344 0.4627 -0.025 2 1997 0.001 0.9985
0.0366 0.4993 4.93E-16 0 1997 0 0.9985
0.0354 0.5347 More 3 2000 0.0015 1
0.0365 0.5712 2000
0.0335 0.6047
0.0349 0.6396 Analysis: correlation coefficient = -.7
0.0297 0.6693
0.0318 0.7011 alpha 0.05
0.0323 0.7334 sample -0.71343
0.0279 0.7613 lef 0.4635
0.03 0.7913 right 0.4435
0.0252 0.8165 p-value 0.907
0.0214 0.8379
0.0251 0.863 Confidence interval
0.0219 0.8849
0.0185 0.9034 mean -0.68624
0.0157 0.9191 stdev 0.146666
0.0155 0.9346 lower -0.88272
0.013 0.9476 upper -0.32952
0.0117 0.9593
0.0084 0.9677
0.0078 0.9755
0.0053 0.9808
0.0048 0.9856
0.0041 0.9897
0.0032 0.9929
0.0022 0.9951
0.0019 0.997
0.0009 0.9979
0.0008 0.9987
0.0004 0.9991
0.0003 0.9994
0.0002 0.9996
0.0002 0.9998
0.0002 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
coefficient = 0
Histogram
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-1 25 85 75 -0.7 625 .55 475 -0.4 325 .25 175 -0.1 025
0 .9 -0. 0.7 . -0 -0. . -0 -0. .
- - -0 -0 -0
Bin
Significance vs effect (for correlation)
r 0.197
ρ 0
n 100
df 98
sr 0.099036
t 1.989182
α 0.05
t-crit 1.984467
p-value 0.049469
sig yes
r2 0.038809
Correlation Exact Test
two-tail two-tail
r 0.197 r 0.197
ρ 0 ρ 0
n 100 n 100
df 98 #NAME? α 0.05
sr 0.099036 #NAME? p-value #NAME? #NAME?
t 1.989182 #NAME? sig #NAME? #NAME?
α 0.05
t-crit 1.984467 =T.INV.2T(B11,B8)
p-value 0.049469 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(B10),B8)
sig yes #NAME?
one-tail one-tail
r 0.197 r 0.197
ρ 0 ρ 0
n 100 n 100
df 98 #NAME? α 0.05
sr 0.099036 #NAME? p-value #NAME? #NAME?
t 1.989182 #NAME? sig #NAME? #NAME?
α 0.05
t-crit 1.660551 =T.INV(1-B24,B21)
p-value 0.024734 =T.DIST.RT(ABS(B23),B21)
sig yes #NAME?
Fisher Exact Test
two-tail two-tail
r 0.7 r 0.7
ρ 0.6 ρ 0.6
r' 0.867301 #NAME? n 100
ρ' 0.693147 #NAME? α 0.05
#NAME? p-value #NAME?
n 100 sig #NAME?
sr' 0.101535 #NAME?
#NAME?
α 0.05
p-value 0.086306 #NAME?
sig no #NAME?
Exact
45 86 r 0.890383
34 57 ρ 0.6
67 102 n 7
89 124 α 0.05
#NAME? 55 45 p-value #NAME?
#NAME? 11 25 sig #NAME?
23 18
p-value #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Power and Sample Size - Correlation
hypothetical ρ 0 #NAME?
ρ' 0 =FISHER(B5)
effect size r 0.35
r' 0.365444 =FISHER(B7)
alpha 0.05
sample size 40
s.e. 0.164399 =1/SQRT(B10-3)
z 2.222908 =ABS(B8-B6)/B11
z-crit 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B9)
power 0.718386 =NORM.S.DIST(B12-B13,TRUE)
hypothetical ρ 0 #NAME?
ρ' 0 =FISHER(B19)
effect size r 0.35
r' 0.365444 =FISHER(B20)
alpha 0.05
beta 0.2
z-crit (alpha) 1.644854 =NORM.S.INV(1-B22)
z-crit (beta) 0.841621 =NORM.S.INV(1-B23)
sample size 49.29425 #NAME?
l Statistics functions Determining power (two-tail)
#NAME? hypothetical ρ 0
ρ' 0
effect size r 0.35
r' 0.365444
alpha 0.05
sample size 40
s.e. 0.164399
z 2.222908
z-crit 1.959964
power 0.603717
#NAME? hypothetical ρ 0
ρ' 0
effect size r 0.35
r' 0.365444
alpha 0.05
beta 0.2
z-crit (alpha) 1.959964
z-crit (beta) 0.841621
sample size 61.77147
Real Statistics functions
#NAME?
=FISHER(J5)
=FISHER(J7)
=1/SQRT(J10-3)
=ABS(J8-J6)/J11
=NORM.S.INV(1-J9/2)
=NORM.S.DIST(J12-J13,TRUE)+NORM.S.DIST(-J12-J13,TRUE)
#NAME?
=FISHER(B19)
=FISHER(B20)
=NORM.S.INV(1-B22/2)
=NORM.S.INV(1-B23)
#NAME?
l Statistics functions
#NAME?
#NAME?
Two sample hypothesis testing of correlation using Fisher transformation
(independent samples)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Two sample hypothesis testing of correlation - overlapping dependent samples (t test)
Real Statistics
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
samples (t test)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=T.INV.2T(F14,F9)
=T.DIST.2T(F15,F9)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Two sample hypothesis testing of correlation - overlapping dependent samples (Fisher test)
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
s (Fisher test)
=CORR(A4:C23)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Two sample hypothesis testing of correlation - non-overlapping dependent samples
Time 1 Time 2
Husband Wife Husband Wife H1 W1 H2 W2
92 120 100 126 H1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
110 128 118 134 W1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
120 118 128 123 H2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
107 85 115 89 W2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
145 115 153 120
107 97 115 102 H1-W1 H2-W2
96 131 104 137 count 20 20
88 91 95 95 lower #NAME? #NAME?
94 99 102 103 upper #NAME? #NAME?
126 110 134 114
84 69 92 85 corr bet #NAME?
97 105 95 111
116 106 112 111 diff #NAME?
114 137 121 137 lower #NAME?
113 93 120 98 upper #NAME?
85 110 93 115
110 119 118 115
112 116 119 123
106 85 114 81
89 95 96 98
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Correlation and t-test
#NAME? m1 18.5
#NAME? m0 18.33333
#NAME? n1 12
#NAME? n0 12
n 24
#NAME? s 3.977291
#NAME? r 0.021403
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
al correlation
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Correlation and chi-square test
Point biserial correlation
Therapy 1 Therapy 2 Total
Cured 31 57 88 m1 0.7381
Not Cured 11 51 62 m0 0.52778
Total 42 108 150 n1 42
n0 108
n 150
x = 1 for cured and x = 0 for not cured s 0.49408
y = 1 for therapy 1 and y = 0 for therapy 2 r 0.19177
m1 0.7381
m0 0.52778
n1 42
n0 108
n 150
s 0.49408
r 0.19177
r 0.19177
erial correlation
r 0.191767 #NAME?
#NAME? n 150 #NAME?
#NAME? χ2 = nr2 5.516208 #NAME?
#NAME? p-value 0.018841 #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
erial correlation
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
x y
1 1 r 0.191767 #NAME?
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Biserial Correlation Coefficient
y x Biserial correlation
23 1 rpb -0.05548 #NAME?
15 1 m1 18.18182
16 1 rb #NAME? #NAME? m0 18.61538
25 1 n 24
20 1 n1 11
17 1 s 3.893549
18 1 p1 0.458333
14 1 p0 0.541667
12 1 z 0.104633
19 1 y 0.396764
21 1 rb -0.06968
22 0
16 0
21 0
16 0
11 0
24 0
21 0
18 0
15 0
19 0
22 0
13 0
24 0
u -0.06232 #NAME?
#NAME? u' -0.0624 #NAME?
#NAME? se 0.228218 #NAME?
#NAME? z -0.27343 #NAME?
#NAME? p-value 0.784521 =2*NORM.S.DIST(-ABS(O7),TRUE)
=STDEV.P(A4:A27)
#NAME? alpha 0.05
#NAME? z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-O10/2)
=NORM.S.INV(J11) lower' -0.5097 #NAME?
=NORM.S.DIST(J12,FALSE) upper' 0.384896 #NAME?
#NAME? lower -0.52515 #NAME?
=E4/J13*SQRT(J10*J11) upper 0.410265 #NAME?
Rap Music
105 20 #NAME? #NAME?
25
85 15 #NAME? #NAME? 20
110 19 #NAME? #NAME? 15
117 22 #NAME? #NAME? 10
5
90 4 #NAME? #NAME? 0
80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125
Spearman's Rho #NAME? -0.11515
IQ
Pearson's Corr Coeff -0.0361
Rap Music
6
4
2
0
105 110 115 120 125 130 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
IQ IQ
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Spearman's rho
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
=T.INV.2T(H10,H7)
=T.DIST.2T(ABS(H9),H7)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Kendall's tau
#NAME?
=NORM.S.INV(1-I11/2)
=2*NORM.S.DIST(-ABS(I12),TRUE)
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Correlation Coefficients Correlation Coefficients
Life Exp Cig Life Exp Cig D C Ties - Life Ties - Cig Ties - Both
78 4 #NAME? #NAME? 14 14 14 14 14
78 23 #NAME? #NAME? 13 13 13 13 13
60 25 #NAME? #NAME? 12 12 12 12 12
53 48 #NAME? #NAME? 11 11 11 11 11
85 17 #NAME? #NAME? 10 10 10 10 10
84 8 #NAME? #NAME? 9 9 9 9 9
73 4 #NAME? #NAME? 8 8 8 8 8
78 26 #NAME? #NAME? 7 7 7 7 7
78 23 #NAME? #NAME? 6 6 6 6 6
75 19 #NAME? #NAME? 5 5 5 5 5
65 24 #NAME? #NAME? 4 4 4 4 4
72 35 #NAME? #NAME? 3 3 3 3 3
58 29 #NAME? #NAME? 2 2 2 2 2
92 4 #NAME? #NAME? 1 1 1 1 1
65 14 #NAME? #NAME? 0 0 0 0 0
105 105 105 105 105
n 0 #NAME?
C(n, 2) Err:502 #NAME?
D 105 #NAME?
C 105 #NAME?
tau Err:502 #NAME?
std error Err:502 #NAME?
α 0.05
z Err:502 #NAME?
z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-M11/2)
p-value Err:502 =2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(M12),TRUE))
sig Err:502 #NAME?
0.05
Err:502 #NAME?
1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-L11/2)
Err:502 =2*(1-NORM.S.DIST(ABS(L12),TRUE))
Err:502 #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
#DIV/0! #NAME?
standard error calculation
x y Non-linear
1.6 5.0
35.0
0.5 1.5
3.2 26.0 30.0
1.5 4.5
25.0
2.0 7.1
2.8 15.0 20.0
2.9 18.2
15.0
3.5 33.0
1.0 2.9 10.0
3.1 22.0
5.0
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
x y z x y z
1.6 5.0 1.6 λ 0.002565 1.6 5.0 1.6
0.5 1.5 0.4 r 0.998716 0.5 1.5 0.4
3.2 26.0 3.3 3.2 26.0 3.3
1.5 4.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 1.5
2.0 7.1 2.0 2.0 7.1 2.0
2.8 15.0 2.7 2.8 15.0 2.7
2.9 18.2 2.9 2.9 18.2 2.9
3.5 33.0 3.5 3.5 33.0 3.5
1.0 2.9 1.1 1.0 2.9 1.1
3.1 22.0 3.1 3.1 22.0 3.1
λ 0
r 0.998709
Box-Cox Transformation
Std Normal
8.2 alpha 0.05
13.9 normal #NAME? 0
23.5 -0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
3.2 -1
56.8 -1.5
80.7 -2
Data
QQ Tables Data
Min 1.8
Count 10 20 Q1-Min 3.1
Mean 20.8 Med-Q1 3.85
Std Dev 26.6301 Q3-Med 12.35
Max-Q3 59.6
Interval Data Std Norm Std Data
1 #NAME? -1.64485 #NAME?
3 #NAME? -1.03643 #NAME?
5 #NAME? -0.67449 #NAME?
7 #NAME? -0.38532 #NAME?
9 #NAME? -0.12566 #NAME?
11 #NAME? 0.125661 #NAME?
13 #NAME? 0.38532 #NAME?
15 #NAME? 0.67449 #NAME?
17 #NAME? 1.036433 #NAME?
19 #NAME? 1.644854 #NAME?
Data x y z
4.5 #NAME? #NAME? 1 -1.64485 λ -0.2866287
1.8 #NAME? #NAME? 2 -1.03643 r #NAME?
9.3 #NAME? #NAME? 3 -0.67449
6.1 #NAME? #NAME? 4 -0.38532
8.2 #NAME? #NAME? 5 -0.12566
13.9 #NAME? #NAME? 6 0.125661
8 10 12 23.5 #NAME? #NAME? 7 0.38532
3.2 #NAME? #NAME? 8 0.67449
56.8 #NAME? #NAME? 9 1.036433
80.7 #NAME? #NAME? 10 1.644854
Box Plot
25
20
15
10
0
Data
QQ Plot Shapiro-Wilk Test
QQ Tables Group 1
QQ Plot
W #NAME? 12
Count 0 0 p-value #NAME? 10
Mean #NAME? alpha 0.05
8
Std Dev #NAME? normal #NAME?
Std Normal
6
Interval Data Std Norm Std Data 4
1 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
2
3 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
5 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME? 0
0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
7 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
9 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME? Data
11 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
13 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
15 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
17 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
19 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
Data x y
QQ Plot 4.5
1.8
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
9.3 #NAME? #NAME?
6.1 #NAME? #NAME?
8.2 #NAME? #NAME?
13.9 #NAME? #NAME?
23.5 #NAME? #NAME?
3.2 #NAME? #NAME?
56.8 #NAME? #NAME?
80.7 #NAME? #NAME?
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
Data
QQ Plot
z Shapiro-Wilk Test
1 -1.64485 λ -0.216 QQ Tables
2 -1.03643 r #NAME?
3 -0.67449 Count 0 0 W
4 -0.38532 Mean #NAME? p-value
5 -0.12566 Std Dev #NAME? alpha
6 0.125661 normal
7 0.38532 Interval Data Std Norm Std Data
8 0.67449 1 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
9 1.036433 3 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
10 1.644854 5 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
7 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
9 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
11 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
13 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
15 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
17 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
19 #NAME? #DIV/0! #NAME?
Shapiro-Wilk Test
QQ Plot
Group 1
#NAME? 12
#NAME? 10
0.05
8
#NAME?
Std Normal
6
4
2
0
0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5
Data
Box-Cox Transformation
y=0 y=1
x=0 14 6 20 α 10.92619 5.582575695 r #NAME? x=0
x=1 1 9 10 ρ 0.832302 0.845791321 x=1
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 13 7 20 α 4.830671 3.725540575 r #NAME?
x=1 2 8 10 ρ 0.656986 0.665033088
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 12 8 20 α 2.674915 2.870828693 r #NAME?
x=1 3 7 10 ρ 0.45577 0.458654736
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 11 9 20 α 1.609716 2.354006401 r #NAME?
x=1 4 6 10 ρ 0.233633 0.234032816
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 10 10 20 α 1 2 r #NAME?
x=1 5 5 10 ρ 0 6.125742E-17
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 9 11 20 α 0.621227 1.738548946 r #NAME?
x=1 6 4 10 ρ -0.23363 -0.234032816
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 8 12 20 α 0.373844 1.534522484 r #NAME?
x=1 7 3 10 ρ -0.45577 -0.458654736
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 7 13 20 α 0.207011 1.366899693 r #NAME?
x=1 8 2 10 ρ -0.65699 -0.665033088
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 6 14 20 α 0.091523 1.21821789 r #NAME?
x=1 9 1 10 ρ -0.8323 -0.845791321
15 15 30
y=0 y=1
x=0 5 15 20 α 0 1 r #NAME?
x=1 10 0 10 ρ -1 -1
15 15 30
a r r*
y=0 y=1 0 0.7071 1.0000
15-a 10+a 25 1 0.5657 0.8323
a 10-a 10 2 0.4243 0.6570
15 20 35 3 0.2828 0.4558
4 0.1414 0.2336
5 0.0000 0.0000
6 -0.1414 -0.2336
7 -0.2828 -0.4558
8 -0.4243 -0.6570
9 -0.5657 -0.8323
10 -0.7071 -1.0000
Polychoric Correlation
y=0 y=1 d 0 1 2
x=0 13 24 37 -0.3219709 0 0 0 0
x=1 10 52 62 1 0 #NAME? 0.373737
23 76 99 ρ 2 0 0.232323 1
0.36429624
y=0 y=1
c -0.73122 LL x=0 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? x=1 #NAME? #NAME?
Estimate 1
Estimate 2
n 99 #NAME?
p0 0.373737 #NAME?
p1 0.232323 #NAME?
h0 0.378791 =NORM.S.DIST(NORM.S.INV(R25),FALSE)
h1 0.305356 =NORM.S.DIST(NORM.S.INV(R26),FALSE)
se 0.177531 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Polychoric Correlation
LL
#NAME?
converge
yes
Ordered Chi-square Test Expected Values
#NAME? #NAME?
Ordered Chi-square Test Expected Values
-2 -1 0 1 2 -2 -1 0 1 2
2 5 9 8 12 7 41 2 3.228346 6.456693 9.685039 12.91339 8.716535
1 3 5 11 13 6 38 1 2.992126 5.984252 8.976378 11.9685 8.07874
0 2 6 11 15 14 48 0 3.779528 7.559055 11.33858 15.11811 10.20472
10 20 30 40 27 127 Total 10 20 30 40 27
Chi-Square Test Ordered Analysis
The table contains critical values for 2-tail tests. For 1-tail tests, divide α by 2.
If the calculated Pearson's correlation coefficient is greater than the critical value from the table, then reject the null hypothesi
Based on the critical values of t using the formula: square root of t^2 /(t^2 + df)
df \ α 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001 df \ α 0.2
1 0.951057 0.987688 0.996917 0.999507 0.999877 0.999999 35 0.215598
2 0.800000 0.900000 0.950000 0.980000 0.990000 0.999000 40 0.201796
3 0.687049 0.805384 0.878339 0.934333 0.958735 0.991139 45 0.190345
4 0.608400 0.729299 0.811401 0.882194 0.917200 0.974068 50 0.180644
5 0.550863 0.669439 0.754492 0.832874 0.874526 0.950883 60 0.164997
6 0.506727 0.621489 0.706734 0.788720 0.834342 0.924904 70 0.152818
7 0.471589 0.582206 0.666384 0.749776 0.797681 0.898260 80 0.142990
8 0.442796 0.549357 0.631897 0.715459 0.764592 0.872115 90 0.134844
9 0.418662 0.521404 0.602069 0.685095 0.734786 0.847047 100 0.127947
10 0.398062 0.497265 0.575983 0.658070 0.707888 0.823305 125 0.114477
11 0.380216 0.476156 0.552943 0.633863 0.683528 0.800962 150 0.104525
12 0.364562 0.457500 0.532413 0.612047 0.661376 0.779998 175 0.096787
13 0.350688 0.440861 0.513977 0.592270 0.641145 0.760351 200 0.090546
14 0.338282 0.425902 0.497309 0.574245 0.622591 0.741934 250 0.081000
15 0.327101 0.412360 0.482146 0.557737 0.605506 0.724657 300 0.073951
16 0.316958 0.400027 0.468277 0.542548 0.589714 0.708429 350 0.068470
17 0.307702 0.388733 0.455531 0.528517 0.575067 0.693163 400 0.064052
18 0.299210 0.378341 0.443763 0.515505 0.561435 0.678781 450 0.060391
19 0.291384 0.368737 0.432858 0.503397 0.548711 0.665208 500 0.057294
20 0.284140 0.359827 0.422714 0.492094 0.536800 0.652378 600 0.052305
21 0.277411 0.351531 0.413247 0.481512 0.525620 0.640230 700 0.048427
22 0.271137 0.343783 0.404386 0.471579 0.515101 0.628710 800 0.045301
23 0.265270 0.336524 0.396070 0.462231 0.505182 0.617768 900 0.042711
24 0.259768 0.329705 0.388244 0.453413 0.495808 0.607360 1000 0.040520
25 0.254594 0.323283 0.380863 0.445078 0.486932 0.597446 1500 0.033086
26 0.249717 0.317223 0.373886 0.437184 0.478511 0.587988 2000 0.028654
27 0.245110 0.311490 0.367278 0.429693 0.470509 0.578956 3000 0.023397
28 0.240749 0.306057 0.361007 0.422572 0.462892 0.570317 4000 0.020262
29 0.236612 0.300898 0.355046 0.415792 0.455631 0.562047 5000 0.018123
30 0.232681 0.295991 0.349370 0.409327 0.448699 0.554119
e, then reject the null hypothesis that there is no correlation
0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001
0.274611 0.324573 0.380976 0.418211 0.518898
0.257278 0.304396 0.357787 0.393174 0.489570
0.242859 0.287563 0.338367 0.372142 0.464673
0.230620 0.273243 0.321796 0.354153 0.443201
0.210832 0.250035 0.294846 0.324818 0.407865
0.195394 0.231883 0.273695 0.301734 0.379799
0.182916 0.217185 0.256525 0.282958 0.356816
0.172558 0.204968 0.242227 0.267298 0.337549
0.163782 0.194604 0.230079 0.253979 0.321095
0.146617 0.174308 0.206245 0.227807 0.288602
0.133919 0.159273 0.188552 0.208349 0.264316
0.124036 0.147558 0.174749 0.193153 0.245280
0.116060 0.138098 0.163592 0.180860 0.229840
0.103852 0.123607 0.146483 0.161994 0.206079
0.094831 0.112891 0.133819 0.148019 0.188431
0.087814 0.104552 0.123957 0.137131 0.174657
0.082155 0.097824 0.115997 0.128339 0.163520
0.077466 0.092248 0.109397 0.121046 0.154273
0.073497 0.087528 0.103808 0.114870 0.146436
0.067103 0.079920 0.094798 0.104911 0.133787
0.062132 0.074004 0.087789 0.097161 0.123935
0.058123 0.069234 0.082135 0.090909 0.115981
0.054802 0.065281 0.077450 0.085727 0.109385
0.051993 0.061935 0.073484 0.081340 0.103800
0.042458 0.050582 0.060022 0.066445 0.084822
0.036772 0.043811 0.051990 0.057557 0.073488
0.030027 0.035775 0.042457 0.047006 0.060027
0.026005 0.030984 0.036773 0.040713 0.051996
0.023260 0.027714 0.032892 0.036417 0.046512
Spearman's Rho Significance Table
The table contains critical values for 2-tail tests. For 1-tail tests, divide α by 2.
If the calculated Spearman's rho is greater than the critical value from the table, then reject the null hypothesis that there is no
http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/tables/kendall.pdf
n\α 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 n\α 0.2
4 1.000 1.000 -- -- -- -- 18 0.317
5 0.800 0.900 1.000 1.000 -- -- 19 0.309
6 0.657 0.829 0.886 0.943 1.000 -- 20 0.299
7 0.571 0.714 0.786 0.893 0.929 1.000 21 0.292
8 0.524 0.643 0.738 0.833 0.881 0.952 22 0.284
9 0.483 0.600 0.700 0.783 0.833 0.917 23 0.278
10 0.455 0.564 0.648 0.745 0.794 0.879 24 0.271
11 0.427 0.536 0.618 0.709 0.755 0.845 25 0.265
12 0.406 0.503 0.587 0.678 0.727 0.818 26 0.259
13 0.385 0.484 0.560 0.648 0.703 0.791 27 0.255
14 0.367 0.464 0.538 0.626 0.679 0.771 28 0.250
15 0.354 0.446 0.521 0.604 0.654 0.750 29 0.245
16 0.341 0.429 0.503 0.582 0.635 0.729 30 0.240
17 0.328 0.414 0.488 0.566 0.618 0.711
The table contains critical values for 2-tail tests. For 1-tail tests, divide α by 2.
If the calculated Kendall's tau is greater than the critical value from the table, then reject the null hypothesis that there is no co
http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/tables/kendall.pdf
n\α 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 n\α 0.2 0.1
4 1.000 1.000 -- -- -- -- 18 0.242 0.294
5 0.800 0.800 1.000 1.000 -- -- 19 0.228 0.287
6 0.600 0.733 0.867 0.867 1.000 -- 20 0.221 0.274
7 0.524 0.619 0.714 0.810 0.905 1.000 21 0.210 0.267
8 0.429 0.571 0.643 0.714 0.786 0.857 22 0.203 0.264
9 0.389 0.500 0.556 0.667 0.722 0.833 23 0.202 0.257
10 0.378 0.467 0.551 0.600 0.644 0.778 24 0.196 0.246
11 0.345 0.418 0.491 0.564 0.600 0.709 25 0.193 0.240
12 0.303 0.394 0.455 0.545 0.576 0.667 26 0.188 0.237
13 0.308 0.359 0.436 0.513 0.564 0.641 27 0.179 0.231
14 0.275 0.363 0.407 0.473 0.516 0.604 28 0.180 0.228
15 0.276 0.333 0.390 0.467 0.505 0.581 29 0.172 0.222
16 0.250 0.317 0.383 0.433 0.483 0.567 30 0.172 0.218
17 0.250 0.309 0.368 0.426 0.471 0.544
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
1 3 2 4 1 4 5 1 4 3
2 5 4 6 3 5 1 2 5 5
3 7 3 5 5 6 4 3 3 6
4 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 6 6
5 6 5 6 5 4 4 4 6 7
6 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 3 5
7 4 3 5 3 5 2 1 2 4
8 2 4 4 3 7 2 2 4 6
9 6 5 5 5 1 6 5 2 3
10 5 4 6 4 3 5 3 1 7
11 4 3 5 2 5 3 2 3 4
12 4 2 3 2 5 3 4 2 3
13 5 5 6 2 3 3 2 4 4
14 6 5 5 4 2 2 1 4 6
15 4 3 5 5 3 1 3 2 3
Halves
H1 H2
1 14 15 Correlation coefficient 0.475481
2 23 18 Spearman-Brown correction 0.64451
3 26 21
4 14 19 Real Statistics function #NAME?
5 26 26
6 12 17
7 20 12
8 20 19
9 22 18
10 22 18
11 19 13
12 16 16
13 21 18
14 22 18
15 20 13
Q10
2
5
5
3
5
2
3
5
2
2
1
4
5
5
4
Odd/Even
Odd Even
1 15 14 Correlation coefficient 0.537058
2 23 18 Spearman-Brown correction 0.698813
3 27 20
4 15 18 Real Statistics function #NAME?
5 27 25
6 13 16
7 19 13
8 21 18
9 20 20
10 24 16
11 20 12
12 19 13
13 20 19
14 20 20
15 18 15
Guttman's Lambda 4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
4 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
5 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
7 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
8 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
10 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 10 9 9 9 8 6 5 5 4 3 1
p 0.83333 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.66667 0.5 0.41667 0.41667 0.33333 0.25 0.08333
q 0.16667 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.33333 0.5 0.58333 0.58333 0.66667 0.75 0.91667
pq 0.13889 0.1875 0.1875 0.1875 0.22222 0.25 0.24306 0.24306 0.22222 0.1875 0.07639
k 11
Σpq 2.14583
var 6.52083
ρ 0.73802
Total Real Statistics function #NAME? Kuder and Richardson Formula 21
11
9 k 11
8 mean 5.75
7 var 6.520833
6 ρ 0.637061
6
5
5
4
3
3
2
69
2.14583
Cronbach's Alpha
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
4 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
5 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
7 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
8 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
10 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 10 9 9 9 8 6 5 5 4 3 1
Var 0.13889 0.1875 0.1875 0.1875 0.22222 0.25 0.24306 0.24306 0.22222 0.1875 0.07639
k 11
Σvar 2.14583
var 6.52083
α 0.73802
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11
1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 9
3 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
4 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 6 6 7 7
5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 6 6
6 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
7 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5
8 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
9 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4
10 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
11 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
12 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
k 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Σvar 2.00694 1.95833 1.95833 1.95833 1.92361 1.89583 1.90278 1.90278 1.92361 1.95833 2.06944
var 6.40972 6 5.33333 6.5 5.07639 5.1875 5.05556 4.72222 5.24306 5.58333 5.72222
α 0.76321 0.74846 0.70313 0.77635 0.69007 0.70504 0.69292 0.6634 0.70346 0.72139 0.70928
Total Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication
11
9 SUMMARY Count Sum Average Variance
8 1 11 11 1 0
7 2 11 9 0.818182 0.163636
6 3 11 8 0.727273 0.218182
6 4 11 7 0.636364 0.254545
5 5 11 6 0.545455 0.272727
5 6 11 6 0.545455 0.272727
4 7 11 5 0.454545 0.272727
3 8 11 5 0.454545 0.272727
3 9 11 4 0.363636 0.254545
2 10 11 3 0.272727 0.218182
69 11 11 3 0.272727 0.218182
2.14583 12 11 2 0.181818 0.163636
Q1 12 10 0.833333 0.151515
Q2 12 9 0.75 0.204545
Q3 12 9 0.75 0.204545
Q4 12 9 0.75 0.204545
Q5 12 8 0.666667 0.242424
Q6 12 6 0.5 0.272727
Q7 12 5 0.416667 0.265152
Q8 12 5 0.416667 0.265152
Q9 12 4 0.333333 0.242424
Q10 12 3 0.25 0.204545
Q11 12 1 0.083333 0.083333
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Rows 7.113636 11 0.646694 3.817073 0.000117 1.876732
Columns 7.181818 10 0.718182 4.239024 5.41E-05 1.917827
Error 18.63636 110 0.169421
COUNT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 1 1 1 1 1 1
6 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 1 1 1 1 1 1
11 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 12 12 12
MEAN
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 0 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 0 1 1
5 1 1 1 1 1 0
6 0 1 1 0 1 1
7 1 1 1 1 0 0
8 1 1 1 1 1 0
9 0 1 0 1 1 0
10 1 0 0 1 0 1
11 1 1 1 0 0 0
12 1 0 0 1 0 0
0.833333 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.666667 0.5
VARIANCE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
5 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
7 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
9 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
10 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
11 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
12 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
0.151515 0.204545 0.204545 0.204545 0.242424 0.272727
Two Factor Anova
ANOVA
Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 SS df
1 1 1 1 1 11 Rows 7.113636 11
1 1 1 1 1 11 Columns 7.181818 10
1 1 1 1 1 11 Error 18.63636 110
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11 Total 32.93182 131
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11
1 1 1 1 1 11
12 12 12 12 12 132
Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0.818182
1 1 1 0 0 0.727273
0 1 1 0 0 0.636364
0 0 1 0 0 0.545455
1 1 0 0 0 0.545455
1 0 0 0 0 0.454545
0 0 0 0 0 0.454545
0 0 0 1 0 0.363636
0 0 0 0 0 0.272727
0 0 0 0 0 0.272727
0 0 0 0 0 0.181818
0.416667 0.416667 0.333333 0.25 0.083333 0.522727
Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.163636
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.218182
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.254545
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.272727
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.272727
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.272727
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.272727
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.254545
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.218182
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.218182
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.163636
0.265152 0.265152 0.242424 0.204545 0.083333 0.251388
Alpha 0.05
MS F p-value sig
0.646694 3.817073 0.000117 yes
0.718182 4.239024 5.41E-05 yes
0.169421
0.251388
Cronbach's Alpha
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Total
1 3 2 4 1 4 5 1 4 3 2 29
2 5 4 6 3 5 1 2 5 5 5 41
3 7 3 5 5 6 4 3 3 6 5 47
4 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 3 33
5 6 5 6 5 4 4 4 6 7 5 52
6 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 3 5 2 29
7 4 3 5 3 5 2 1 2 4 3 32
8 2 4 4 3 7 2 2 4 6 5 39
9 6 5 5 5 1 6 5 2 3 2 40
10 5 4 6 4 3 5 3 1 7 2 40
11 4 3 5 2 5 3 2 3 4 1 32
12 4 2 3 2 5 3 4 2 3 4 32
13 5 5 6 2 3 3 2 4 4 5 39
14 6 5 5 4 2 2 1 4 6 5 40
15 4 3 5 5 3 1 3 2 3 4 33
Total 64 54 71 51 57 48 37 51 72 53 558
Var 2.72889 1.17333 1.12889 1.57333 2.69333 2.29333 1.31556 2.10667 2.02667 1.98222 19.0222
k 10
Σvar 19.0222
var 40.6933
α 0.59172
Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication
Q1 15 64 4.266667 2.92381
Q2 15 54 3.6 1.257143
Q3 15 71 4.733333 1.209524
Q4 15 51 3.4 1.685714
Q5 15 57 3.8 2.885714
Q6 15 48 3.2 2.457143
Q7 15 37 2.466667 1.409524
Q8 15 51 3.4 2.257143
Q9 15 72 4.8 2.171429
Q10 15 53 3.533333 2.12381
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Rows 61.04 14 4.36 2.449293 0.004376 1.771024
Columns 68.90667 9 7.656296 4.301034 6.82E-05 1.954953
Error 224.2933 126 1.780106
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9
1 3 2 4 1 4 5 1 4 3
2 5 4 6 3 5 1 2 5 5
3 7 3 5 5 6 4 3 3 6
4 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 6 6
5 6 5 6 5 4 4 4 6 7
6 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 3 5
7 4 3 5 3 5 2 1 2 4
8 2 4 4 3 7 2 2 4 6
9 6 5 5 5 1 6 5 2 3
10 5 4 6 4 3 5 3 1 7
11 4 3 5 2 5 3 2 3 4
12 4 2 3 2 5 3 4 2 3
13 5 5 6 2 3 3 2 4 4
14 6 5 5 4 2 2 1 4 6
15 4 3 5 5 3 1 3 2 3
Cronbach's Alpha
Q10 #NAME?
2
5 Cronbach's Alpha with missing item
5
3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2
3
5
2
2
1
4
5
5
4
Q9 Q10
#NAME? #NAME?
Cronbach's Alpha - hypothesis testing
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10
1 3 2 4 1 4 5 1 4 3 2 n 15
2 5 4 6 3 5 1 2 5 5 5 k 10
3 7 3 5 5 6 4 3 3 6 5 γ #NAME?
4 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 3 γ0 0.7
5 6 5 6 5 4 4 4 6 7 5 W #NAME?
6 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 3 5 2 df1 14
7 4 3 5 3 5 2 1 2 4 3 df2 126
8 2 4 4 3 7 2 2 4 6 5 p-value #NAME?
9 6 5 5 5 1 6 5 2 3 2
10 5 4 6 4 3 5 3 1 7 2 α 0.05
11 4 3 5 2 5 3 2 3 4 1 lower #NAME?
12 4 2 3 2 5 3 4 2 3 4 upper #NAME?
13 5 5 6 2 3 3 2 4 4 5
14 6 5 5 4 2 2 1 4 6 5
15 4 3 5 5 3 1 3 2 3 4 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? k 10
#NAME? γ 0.7
#NAME? α 0.05
n 100
k 10
γ0 0.7
γ1 0.75
α 0.05
df1 99 #NAME?
df2 891 #NAME?
#NAME?
right lef 2-tail right lef 2-tail
F-crit 1.3197577 0.731541 #NAME? #NAME?
γ-crit 0.7726855 0.589907 #NAME? #NAME?
W1 1.0997981 0.609617 #NAME? #NAME?
1-β 0.2474813 0.001138 0.248619 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
n 100
k 10
γ0 0.7
γ1 0.75
α 0.05
df1 99 #NAME?
df2 891 #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Cohen's Kappa
Judge 1
Judge 2 Psychotic Borderline Neither Total
Psychotic 10 4 1 15 pa #NAME?
Borderline 6 16 2 24 pe 0.3652
Neither 0 3 8 11 kappa #NAME?
Total 16 23 11 50
Agreement 10 16 8 34
By Chance 4.8 11.04 2.42 18.26
Kappa 0.49590422
Questionnaire
Interview Seldom Ofen Never Total
Seldom 10 4 1 15
Ofen 6 16 2 24
Never 0 3 8 11
Total 16 23 11 50
Standard error
κ #NAME? #NAME?
s.e. #NAME? #NAME?
α 0.05 #NAME?
z-crit 1.959964 #NAME?
lower #NAME? #NAME?
upper #NAME? #NAME?
Using Real Statistics formula
calculation of a
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
calculation of b
Cohen's Kappa
Alpha 0.05
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Weighted Kappa
Observations
Questionnaire Weights
Interview Ofen Seldom Never Total Ofen Seldom Never
Ofen 16 6 2 24 Ofen 0 1 2
Seldom 4 10 1 15 Seldom 1 0 1
Never 3 0 8 11 Never 2 1 0
Total 23 16 11 50
Expectations
Questionnaire
Interview Ofen Seldom Never Total Kappa 0.500951
Ofen 11.04 7.68 5.28 24
Seldom 6.9 4.8 3.3 15
Never 5.06 3.52 2.42 11
Total 23 16 11 50
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Alpha 0.05
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Alpha 0.05
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Unweighted kappa
Observations
Questionnaire Weights
Interview Ofen Seldom Never Total Ofen Seldom Never
Ofen 16 6 2 24 Ofen 0 1 1
Seldom 4 10 1 15 Seldom 1 0 1
Never 3 0 8 11 Never 1 1 0
Total 23 16 11 50
Expectations
Questionnaire
Interview Ofen Seldom Never Total Kappa 0.495904
Ofen 11.04 7.68 5.28 24
Seldom 6.9 4.8 3.3 15
Never 5.06 3.52 2.42 11
Total 23 16 11 50
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Alpha 0.05
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Alpha 0.05
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Weighted Kappa (s.e.)
Observations
Table u
Ofen Seldom Never
Ofen 1.25 1.27 0.99 0.62
Seldom 1.29 1.31 1.03 0.66
Never 1.01 1.03 0.75 0.38
0.63 0.65 0.37
s.e. 0.114373
alpha 0.05
z-crit 1.959964
lower 0.276783
upper 0.725118
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Unweighted kappa
Observations
Table u
Ofen Seldom Never
Ofen 0.94 0.76 0.68 0.46
Seldom 0.8 0.62 0.54 0.32
Never 0.7 0.52 0.44 0.22
0.48 0.3 0.22
s.e. 0.106156
alpha 0.05
z-crit 1.959964
lower 0.287843
upper 0.703965
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Fleiss's Kappa
alpha 0.05
tails 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 m 4
1 2 n 8
1 1 1 pa 0.1875
2 1 1 pe 0.111328
2 2 kappa 0.085714
1 1 1 1
2 1 1
1 3
3 5 2 3 4 3 3 4 0
0.094 0.156 0.063 0.094 0.125 0.094 0.094 0.125 0
Kendall's W
Judges A B C D E F G H
1 7 8 6 4 5 3 2 1 36
2 8 7 2 6 4.5 4.5 3 1 36
3 8 5.5 7 5.5 4 3 2 1 36
4 8 6.5 4 5 3 6.5 1 2 36
5 6 4.5 2 7 3 8 1 4.5 36
6 7.5 6 7.5 2.5 5 4 1 2.5 36
7 6 7 4 8 4 4 2 1 36
50.5 44.5 32.5 38 28.5 33 12 13
k 8 =COUNTA(B5:I5)
m 7 =COUNTA(A5:A11)
W 0.635083 =12*DEVSQ(B12:I12)/(C15^2*(C14^3-C14))
r 0.574263 =(C15*C16-1)/(C15-1)
χ2 31.11905 =C15*(C14-1)*C16
df 7 =C14-1
p-value 5.91E-05 =CHIDIST(C18,C19)
W 0.635083 =12*SUMSQ(B12:I12)/(C15^2*(C14^3-C14))-3*(C14+1)/(C14-1)
W #NAME? =FRIEDMAN(B5:I11)/(C15*(C14-1))
Judges A B C D E F G H
1 7 8 6 4 5 3 2 1
2 8 7 2 6 4.5 4.5 3 1
3 8 5.5 7 5.5 4 3 2 1
4 8 6.5 4 5 3 6.5 1 2
5 6 4.5 2 7 3 8 1 4.5
6 7.5 6 7.5 2.5 5 4 1 2.5
7 6 7 4 8 4 4 2 1
KENDALLW function
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
+1)/(C14-1)
Real Statistics Reliability data analysis tool
Kendall's W
W #NAME?
r #NAME?
chi-sq #NAME?
df 7
p-value #NAME?
Kendall's W with ties
A B C D E F G H Ties A
7 8 6 4 5 3 2 1 1 0
8 7 2 6 4.5 4.5 3 1 2 0
8 5.5 7 5.5 4 3 2 1 3 0
8 6.5 4 5 3 6.5 1 2 4 0
6 4.5 2 7 3 8 1 4.5 5 0
7.5 6 7.5 2.5 5 4 1 2.5 6 1
6 7 4 8 4 4 2 1 7 0
50.5 44.5 32.5 38 28.5 33 12 13
k 8 =COUNT(B5:I5)
m 7 =COUNT(A5:A11)
T 60 =SUMPRODUCT((L5:S11+1)^3-(L5:S11+1))
W 0.64607 =(12*SUMSQ(B12:I12)-3*C15^2*C14*(C14+1)^2)/(C15^2*(C14^3-C14)-C15*C16)
r 0.587082 =(C15*C17-1)/(C15-1)
χ2 31.65744 =C15*(C14-1)*C17
df 7 =C14-1
p-value 4.7E-05 =CHIDIST(C19,C20)
B C D E F G H Real Statistics function Kendall's W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 #NAME? #NAME? W #NAME?
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 #NAME? #NAME? r #NAME?
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 #NAME? #NAME? chi-sq #NAME?
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 #NAME? #NAME? df #NAME?
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 #NAME? #NAME? p-value #NAME?
0 2 0 0 0 0 0
^3-C14)-C15*C16)
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1 3
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3 1
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3 1
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2 3
9
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
1 2 3 4 r p p* e
1 1 1 1 1 4 0 1 0.0227203 0.2506615
2 0 3 1 0 4 0.470588 2 0.4933086 0.2575819
3 3 2 0 0 5 0.470588 3 0.4024272 0.1891919
4 0 1 1 3 5 0.352941 4 0.2847802 0.2722369
5 0 0 3 1 4 0.470588 5 0.4933086 0.3060248
6 2 1 0 0 3 0.235294 6 0.3488958 0.2152453
7 0 0 3 1 4 0.470588 7 0.4933086 0.3060248
8 0 0 2 3 5 0.470588 8 0.4024272 0.2929982
Weights n 8 subject
1 2 3 4 q 4 α 0.05
1 1 0 0 0 r-mean 4.25 s.e. 0.0746429
2 0 1 0 0 epsilon 0.029412 lower -0.007299
3 0 0 1 0 pa 0.386246 upper 0.3457061
4 0 0 0 1 pe 0.261246
kalpha 0.169204
π 0.1764706 0.2352941 0.3235294 0.2647059
kalpha #NAME? raters
π* 0.1764706 0.2352941 0.3235294 0.2647059 s.e. #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Krippendorff's Alpha Krippendorff's Alpha
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Rating Table
A B C D E kalpha 1 2 3
1 1 2 3 4 A 1 #NAME? var #NAME? ### ### ###
2 2 2 3 2 B 2 #NAME? s.e. #NAME? ### ### ###
3 1 1 1 2 2 C 3 #NAME? ### ### ###
4 4 4 3 4 2 D 4 #NAME? ### ### ###
5 3 3 4 3 E 5 #NAME? ### ### ###
6 2 1 1 ### ### ###
7 3 3 3 4 ### ### ###
8 4 3 4 3 4 ### ### ###
9 ### ### ###
10 3 ### ### ###
#NAME?
4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
#NAME?
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1 3
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3 1
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3 1
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2 3
9
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
1 2 3 4 r p p* e
1 2.3333333 3.1666667 3.1666667 2.3333333 4 0.54902 0.5993071 0.7009125
2 3 3.8333333 3.5 2.3333333 4 0.862745 0.9130326 0.7908779
3 4.6666667 4.5 3.1666667 1 5 1.058824 0.907961 0.6192924
4 1.3333333 3.3333333 4.3333333 4.3333333 5 0.921569 0.7707061 0.712718
5 1.5 3 3.8333333 3.5 4 0.862745 0.9130326 0.7804973
6 2.8333333 2.6666667 1.8333333 0.5 3 0.627451 0.8788885 0.6475846
7 1.5 3 3.8333333 3.5 4 0.862745 0.9130326 0.7804973
8 1 3.1666667 4.5 4.6666667 5 1.058824 0.907961 0.7230986
Weights n 8 subject
1 2 3 4 q 4 α 0.05
1 1 0.8333333 0.5 0 r-mean 4.25 s.e. 0.1497088
2 0.8333333 1 0.8333333 0.5 epsilon 0.029412 lower 0.12878
3 0.5 0.8333333 1 0.8333333 pa 0.854888 upper 0.8367904
4 0 0.5 0.8333333 1 pe 0.719435
kalpha 0.482785
π 0.1764706 0.2352941 0.3235294 0.2647059
kalpha #NAME? raters
π* 0.5343137 0.7843137 0.8284314 0.6519608 s.e. #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
α α*
-0.428163 -0.35987
0.6900278 0.426621
0.6719515 1.041172
0.1827429 0.207508
0.6900278 0.464894
0.5683302 0.833238
0.6900278 0.464894
0.6719515 0.658443
subj+raters
0.05
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1 3
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3 1
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3 1
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2 3
9
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
1 2 3 4 r p p* e
1 2.4444444 3.3333333 3.3333333 2.4444444 4 0.592593 0.6448236 0.7364701
2 3.2222222 3.8888889 3.6666667 2.5555556 4 0.888889 0.9411199 0.8318181
3 4.7777778 4.6666667 3.4444444 1.1111111 5 1.098039 0.9413461 0.6548726
4 1.4444444 3.5555556 4.5555556 4.4444444 5 0.96732 0.8106271 0.7471448
5 1.6666667 3.2222222 3.8888889 3.6666667 4 0.888889 0.9411199 0.8164394
6 2.8888889 2.7777778 2 0.5555556 3 0.653595 0.91475 0.6827351
7 1.6666667 3.2222222 3.8888889 3.6666667 4 0.888889 0.9411199 0.8164394
8 1.1111111 3.4444444 4.6666667 4.7777778 5 1.098039 0.9413461 0.756372
Weights n 8 subject
1 2 3 4 q 4 α 0.05
1 1 0.8888889 0.5555556 0 r-mean 4.25 s.e. 0.1627106
2 0.8888889 1 0.8888889 0.5555556 epsilon 0.029412 lower 0.1572773
3 0.5555556 0.8888889 1 0.8888889 pa 0.887928 upper 0.9267762
4 0 0.5555556 0.8888889 1 pe 0.755286
kalpha 0.542027
π 0.1764706 0.2352941 0.3235294 0.2647059
kalpha #NAME? raters
π* 0.5653595 0.8267974 0.8660131 0.6830065 s.e. #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Krippendorff's Alpha Krippendorff's Alpha
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1 3
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3 1
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3 1
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2 3
9
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
1 2 3 4 r p p* e
1 3.2788889 3.7377778 3.6895918 3.5084807 4 0.801156 0.8573083 0.8957184
2 3.4166667 3.96 3.88 3.6462585 4 0.922353 0.9785052 0.9368183
3 4.7777778 4.6666667 4.17 3.6977778 5 1.098039 0.9295824 0.844763
4 3.5588889 4.6266667 4.8987755 4.8684807 5 1.125346 0.9568893 0.9203306
5 2.89 3.7688889 3.9795918 3.9387755 4 0.931573 0.9877249 0.9301697
6 2.8888889 2.7777778 2.46 2.1688889 3 0.653595 0.9343561 0.8623193
7 2.89 3.7688889 3.9795918 3.9387755 4 0.931573 0.9877249 0.9301697
8 3.42 4.5866667 4.9387755 4.9591837 5 1.162065 0.993608 0.9210434
Weights n 8 subject
1 2 3 4 q 4 α 0.05
1 1 0.8888889 0.75 0.64 r-mean 4.25 s.e. 0.1424704
2 0.8888889 1 0.96 0.8888889 epsilon 0.029412 lower 0.1842558
3 0.75 0.96 1 0.9795918 pa 0.954589 upper 0.8580338
4 0.64 0.8888889 0.9795918 1 pe 0.905167
kalpha 0.521145
π 0.1764706 0.2352941 0.3235294 0.2647059
Real Stat #NAME? raters
π* 0.7976797 0.9380392 0.9410684 0.9037242 s.e. #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
α α*
-0.504656 -0.40924
0.7733417 0.453695
0.2574606 0.867468
0.5454067 0.392266
0.8705614 0.618058
0.3077981 0.740507
0.8705614 0.618058
0.932598 0.77226
subj+raters
0.05
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2
9
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
4 1 2 3 4 r p
1 1 2.2700489 3.0606421 2.9829568 2.4079799 4 0.527186
0 2 3.1421588 3.682785 3.0483551 2.2915841 4 0.791899
0 3 4.8721099 4.8081649 2.3675519 0.8836042 5 1.131333
3 4 1.2700489 3.0081913 4.5813185 4.4079799 5 0.930203
1 5 1.0019818 2.4901572 3.9661778 3.8985335 4 0.92526
0 6 2.936055 2.8721099 1.3507729 0.4418021 3 0.675791
1 7 1.0019818 2.4901572 3.9661778 3.8985335 4 0.92526
3 8 0.6679878 2.6909764 4.8985335 4.9323557 5 1.152596
Weights n 8
5.2 7.4 12.3 13.9 q 4
5.2 1 0.936055 0.3339939 0 r-mean 4.25
7.4 0.936055 1 0.682785 0.4418021 epsilon 0.029412
12.3 0.3339939 0.682785 1 0.9661778 pa 0.885899
13.9 0 0.4418021 0.9661778 1 pe 0.701593
kalpha 0.617632
π 0.1764706 0.2352941 0.3235294 0.2647059
kalpha #NAME?
π* 0.5047757 0.7383289 0.7988778 0.6812463
Krippendorff's Alpha Krippendorff's Alpha
subject subj+rater
0.64 kalpha 0.5211448 0.5211448
0.88889 s.e. 0.1424704 0.2366474
0.97959 lower 0.1842558 -0.0384375
1 upper 0.8580338 1
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1 3
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3 1
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3 1
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2 3
9 10 0 0 1 0
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
1 2 3 4 r p γ e
1 1 1 1 1 4 0 1 -0.354298 0.25
2 0 3 1 0 4 0.5 2 0.3853512 0.2462963
3 3 2 0 0 5 0.4 3 0.2374215 0.2709877
4 0 1 1 3 5 0.3 4 0.0894917 0.2490123
5 0 0 3 1 4 0.5 5 0.3853512 0.2152778
6 2 1 0 0 3 0.333333 6 0.1388017 0.2720165
7 0 0 3 1 4 0.5 7 0.3853512 0.2152778
8 0 0 2 3 5 0.4 8 0.2374215 0.2366667
10 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0.2
Weights
1 2 3 4 n 9
1 1 0 0 0 n* 8
2 0 1 0 0 q 4
3 0 0 1 0 u 4
4 0 0 0 1 pa 0.366667
pe 0.239504
π 0.1685185 0.2148148 0.4 0.2166667 AC2 0.16721
γ* Alpha 0.05
-0.377285 subject subj+raters Subj Factor 0
0.370475 α 0.05 0.05 Rater Factor 0
0.1684682 s.e. 0.08472811 #NAME?
0.0686671 lower -0.0281731 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.4384094 upper 0.36259367 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.0675952 #NAME? #NAME?
0.4384094 raters #NAME? #NAME?
0.2436354 s.e. #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.0865183 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Gwet's AC2
Alpha 0.05
Subj Factor 0
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 2 2 0 3 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 0
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 1 3
5 3 3 4 3 5 0 0 3 1
6 2 1 1 6 2 1 0 0
7 3 3 3 4 7 0 0 3 1
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 0 0 2 3
9 10 0 0 1 0
10 3
Weighted Agreement Table
1 2 3 4 r p γ e
1 2.4444444 3.3333333 3.3333333 2.4444444 4 0.62963 1 -0.227375 0.7222222
2 3.2222222 3.8888889 3.6666667 2.5555556 4 0.944444 2 0.9221437 0.7115226
3 4.7777778 4.6666667 3.4444444 1.1111111 5 0.933333 3 0.8815724 0.7828532
4 1.4444444 3.5555556 4.5555556 4.4444444 5 0.822222 4 0.4758599 0.719369
5 1.6666667 3.2222222 3.8888889 3.6666667 4 0.944444 5 0.9221437 0.6219136
6 2.8888889 2.7777778 2 0.5555556 3 0.925926 6 0.8545249 0.7858253
7 1.6666667 3.2222222 3.8888889 3.6666667 4 0.944444 7 0.9221437 0.6219136
8 1.1111111 3.4444444 4.6666667 4.7777778 5 0.933333 8 0.8815724 0.6837037
10 0.5555556 0.8888889 1 0.8888889 1 10 0 0.5777778
Weights
1 2 3 4 n 9
1 1 0.8888889 0.5555556 0 n* 8
2 0.8888889 1 0.8888889 0.5555556 q 4
3 0.5555556 0.8888889 1 0.8888889 u 11.55556
4 0 0.5555556 0.8888889 1 pa 0.884722
pe 0.6919
π 0.1685185 0.2148148 0.4 0.2166667 AC2 0.625843
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Rating Table Agreement Table
A B C D E 1 2 3
1 1 2 3 4 1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 2 2 3 2 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
3 1 1 1 2 2 3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4 4 4 3 4 2 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 3 3 4 3 5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
6 2 1 1 6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
7 3 3 3 4 7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
8 4 3 4 3 4 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
9 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
10 3
Weights
1 2 3
1 1 0.888889 0.555556
2 0.888889 1 0.888889
3 0.555556 0.888889 1
4 0 0.555556 0.888889
4
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? s.e. rater #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
0 #NAME? #NAME?
0.555556 #NAME? #NAME?
0.888889
1
Bland-Altman
Old New
38.8 28.5
43.7 48.7
Correlation
45.8 41.5
50.3 55.5 90.0
80.0
56.5 58.4
70.0
61.5 56.3
60.0
62.2 61.6
50.0
62.8 59.1
New
40.0
63.7 59.1 30.0
64.5 64.6 20.0
66.2 63.9 10.0
67.3 66.1 0.0
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0
68.3 66.6
Old
68.4 69.2
69.3 64.7
69.5 67.0
72.5 75.3
73.0 65.9
75.3 78.8
77.2 75.7
X Y
33.65 10.3
46.2 -5
Bland-Altman
43.65 4.3
12
52.9 -5.2
57.45 -1.9 10
58.9 5.2 8
61.9 0.6 6 diff
mea n
60.95 3.7 4
l ower
61.4 4.6 2 upper
64.55 -0.1 0
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
65.05 2.3 -2
66.7 1.2 -4
67.45 1.7 -6
68.8 -0.8 -8
67 4.6
68.25 2.5
73.9 -2.8
69.45 7.1
77.05 -3.5
76.45 1.5
x mean
r 0.9397227 #NAME? x min 30 1.515
n 20 #NAME? x max 80 1.515
mean d 1.515 #NAME?
sd 4.0197244 =STDEV.S(F4:F23) s.e.
alpha 0.05 mean 1.515 0.8988377
lower -6.363515 =Q4-Q5*NORM.S.INV(1-Q6/2) lower -6.363515 1.5624841
upper 9.393515 =Q4+Q5*NORM.S.INV(1-Q6/2) upper 9.393515 1.5624841
lower upper
-6.363515 9.393515 Regression Analysis
-6.363515 9.393515
OVERALL FIT
lower upper Multiple R #NAME? AIC #NAME?
-0.366289 3.3962889 R Square #NAME? AICc #NAME?
-9.633832 -3.093198 Adjusted R Square #NAME? SBC #NAME?
6.1231982 12.663832 Standard Error #NAME?
Observations 20
Y Y
Mean 1.515 Min 0
Standard Error 0.8988377 Q1-Min 4.125
Median 1.6 Med-Q1 2.675
Mode #VALUE! Q3-Med 2.775
Standard Deviation 4.0197244 Max-Q3 5.925
Sample Variance 16.158184
Kurtosis -0.117918 Grand Min -5.2
Skewness 0.1363229
sig Range 15.5
#NAME? Maximum 10.3
Minimum -5.2
Sum 30.3
Count 20
upper vif Geometric Mean Err:502
#NAME? Harmonic Mean Err:502
#NAME? #NAME? AAD 3.115
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?
QQ Plot Shapiro-Wilk Test
QQ Plot
QQ Tables Y
2.5
W #NAME?
2
Count 20 40 p-value #NAME?
1.5
Mean 1.515 alpha 0.05 1
Std Normal
Std Dev 4.0197244 normal #NAME? 0.5
0
Interval Data Std Norm Std Data -0.5 0 5 10
-1
1 #NAME? -1.959964 #NAME?
-1.5
3 #NAME? -1.439531 #NAME? -2
5 #NAME? -1.150349 #NAME? -2.5
7 #NAME? -0.934589 #NAME? Data
9 #NAME? -0.755415 #NAME?
11 #NAME? -0.59776 #NAME?
13 #NAME? -0.453762 #NAME?
15 #NAME? -0.318639 #NAME? Adjusted Box P
17 #NAME? -0.189118 #NAME? 12
19 #NAME? -0.062707 #NAME?
21 #NAME? 0.0627068 #NAME? 10
23 #NAME? 0.1891184 #NAME? 8
25 #NAME? 0.3186394 #NAME?
27 #NAME? 0.4537622 #NAME? 6
29 #NAME? 0.5977601 #NAME?
4
31 #NAME? 0.755415 #NAME?
33 #NAME? 0.9345893 #NAME? 2
35 #NAME? 1.1503494 #NAME?
37 #NAME? 1.4395315 #NAME? 0
39 #NAME? 1.959964 #NAME? Y
QQ Plot
5 10 15 20 25
Data
Y
Bland-Altman
differences
4
62.2 61.6 stdev diff 4.019724 2
62.8 59.1 sample size 20 0
-2 0 20 40 60 80
63.7 59.1 alpha 0.05
-4
64.5 64.6
-6
66.2 63.9 -8
67.3 66.1
means
68.3 66.6
68.4 69.2
69.3 64.7
69.5 67.0
72.5 75.3
73.0 65.9
75.3 78.8
77.2 75.7
Bland-Altman Plot
diff
mean
lower
upper
20 40 60 80 100 120
means
Item Analysis
Q1 Q2
Q1 Total High Low High Low
1 1 20 A 5 5 A 2 4
2 0 19 B 4 5 B 12 11
3 1 18 C 6 4 C 3 1
4 1 17 D 5 6 D 3 4
5 1 17 -- 0 0 -- 0 0
6 1 16 20 20 20 20
7 1 16
8 1 15 Df 0.25 Df 0.575
9 0 15 D 0 D 0.05
10 1 14
11 0 14 Q4 Q5
12 1 14 High Low High Low
13 0 13 A 2 2 A 0 1
14 1 12 B 1 3 B 1 1
15 0 12 C 2 3 C 19 16
16 1 10 D 12 8 D 0 2
17 0 8 -- 3 4 -- 0 0
18 0 5 20 20 20 20
Df 0.5 Df #NAME?
D 0.1 D #NAME?
p 0.224986
Real Statistics Formulas Real Statistics Data Analysis Tool
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.622508 0.7095 0.356915 0.844616