DESIGN OF T-GIRDER BRIDGE

A project proposal presented to the faculty of Civil Engineering

Saint Louis University

In partial fulfillment of the course requirement in

CE 520 – Prestressed Concrete Design

By:
Bae Seokwang (Daveid)
Kingay, Klyne Tope
Lucas, Jemima Briel
Pulido, Jerson
Sobremonte, Athina

May 2019
 NAME ASSIGNED TASK RATING REMARKS SIGNATURE
KINGAY, Klyne Tope

LUCAS, Jemima Briel

PULIDO, Jerson

SOBREMONTE, Athina

Prepared by:

BAE Seokwang (daveid)

Group Leader
I. INTRODUCTION

Prestressed concrete is a structural material that allows for

predetermined, engineering stresses to be placed in members to counteract the stresses
that occur when they are subject to loading. It combines the high strength compressive
properties of concrete with the high tensile strength of steel. In ordinary reinforced
concrete, stresses are carried by the steel reinforcement, whereas prestressed
concrete supports the load by induced stresses throughout the entire structural element.
This makes it more resistant to shock and vibration than ordinary concrete, and able to form
long, thin structures with much smaller sectional areas to support equivalent loads.

A few advantages of prestressed concrete are members are free from cracks and
the resistance to the effect of impact, shock, and stresses are higher than rcc structures,
longevity of prestressed structure is greater than rcc structure because the reinforcement
stays unaffected from outer agencies, high compressive strength of concrete and high
tensile strength of steel are used for prestressing that makes it more economical, smaller
sections can be used for longer span by reducing the section of members, prestressed
members are lighter in weight and easily transportable, it requires a smaller amount of
construction materials, the shear resistance of members can be increased by using curved
tendons, and prestressing also reduces the diagonal tension in concrete.

However, a number of disadvantages come when using prestressed concrete as

well. The main disadvantage of prestressing is that it requires some special equipment like
jacks and anchorage which pretends the use of prestressing, high tensile steel is required
for prestressing that is very difficult to procure, prestressing requires highly skilled workers
and should be prepared under expert supervision, and it is costlier than other rcc structures.

For this project, we will be designing a girder of a bridge that spans 14 meters long
with a slab thickness of 200 millimeters, roadway width of 7.3 meters, and girder spacing of
2.4 meters. The type of prestressed concrete design that will be used is a post-tensioned
prestressed concrete girder with variable eccentricity. The girder carries an intermittent live
load and a superimposed dead load in addition to its own weight. Normal density concrete
will be used with design strength of 28 Mpa and it is estimated that at the time of transfer,
the concrete will have attained 70% of fc’. Time dependent losses is assumed to be 15% of
the initial prestress giving an effectiveness ratio of 0.85.
II. METHODOLOGY
When calculating the loads of the T-girder Bridge, the dead load was computed using
the minimum girder height multiplied by the span length, the slab thickness and the girder width
multiplied by the unit weight of concrete, and taking 10% from each for the utilities. The
superimposed deadloads were computed by taking 95% of the posts plus railings and sidewalks.
Totaling the values gave the total deadload the girder would be carrying in kilo-Pascals.
Assuming a 1 meter strip, we computed the dead load into kilo-netwon-meter. When computing
for the liveload, the design truck, design tandem, and the design lane were utilized taken from
the AASHTO – HL-93. HL-93 is a type of theoretical vehicular loading proposed by AASHTO in
1993. It is used as the design loading for highway structures in USA and other countries where
AASHTO code is followed. AASHTO HL-93 vehicular live load is a combination of three
different loads; the HL-93 Design Truck (formerly HS20-44 Truck), the HL-93 Design Tandem
(formerly, Alternate Military), and the Design Lane Load. This would also determine whether the
bridge would have a single lane or a multilane to determine the equivalent strip widths for the
slab type. The design truck assumes 3 concentrated loadings on the span of the simply
supported girder, 145KN, 145KN, and 35KN. The maximum moment for design truck loading is
first computed by summation of moments and solving the values of the reactions initially.
The three (3) loadings have a constant and set distance between each other and the
resultant force of the three is computed. The loads are then positioned to a condition where the
resultant force and the second concentrated force are equally distant from the center line of the
girder span. The Maximum moment is then computed by taking the summation of moments at
the 145KN point. For the design tandem, there are three assumed concentrated loads both set
at 110KN. The loadings are positioned to a condition where the resultant force is equidistant
from the center with the second concentrated load. The maximum loading is then solved by
taking summation of moments at the center line of the girder span. Finally for the design lane,
as opposed to concentrated loads, an assumed distributed load of 9.3KN/m is set across the
entire span of the girder. The maximum moment is then computed simply by the derived formula
for a rectangular distributed load.
With the maximum moments computed, the total liveload is solved by taking the sum of
the moment at design lane load and the impact load. The impact load is the greater of the design
truck and design tandem moments increased by 33% divided by the equivalent strip width for
the slab type. The reinforced concrete design is computed by taking the maximum moment into
the derived formula that would give the raw value. The raw value would then help to give the
total are of steel which will be needed to compute the number of reinforcing steel the girder would
need.
III. ANALYSIS
IV. DESIGN
V. CONCLUSIONS
VI. REFERENCES

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Prestressed_concrete

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-prestressed-concrete