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BAHASA inggris
Chapter 7
Conjunctions

Conjunction (kata penghubung) biasanya digunakan untuk menyambungkan kata (a book

and a pen), phrases (frasa) atau sekumpulan kata (over the table but near the clock), atau
menghubungkan clause atau kalimat (Amir is happy, but Susi is sad). Secara umum, conjuctions
terbagi menjadi empat bagian, Coordinate Conjunctions, Correlative Conjunctions, Subordinate
Conjunctions, dan Conjunctive Adverb.

A. COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
Menghubungkan compound sentence (for, and nor, but, or, yet, dan so).
a. Mr Ahmad planned to go abroad, and he would take Vivi with him.
b. I miss you but I hate you.
c. Please send me a letter or call me as soon as you arrive there.
d. Tom doesn’t like durian nor watermelon.
e. I can’t go, for I don’t have much time to go.
f. Come closer, so I can see you clearly.
g. My boss is talkative, yet he is a kind person.

B. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Kata penghubung yang harus berpasangan.
a. Irma is not only smart but also pretty.
b. Both Leo and Emily are in Bogor now.

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 c. He can neither read nor write.
d. You can travel to Bali either by bus or by plane.

C. SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
Kata penghubung yang menyambungkan klausa tidak setara. Umumnya, digunakan
dalam complex sentence.
a. After he had written the letter, he posted it.
b. As soon as the teacher came, the lesson was started.
c. She walked as if she were a model.
d. I study English because I want to go abroad.
e. Unless Mr. Jimmy asks, we can collect this paper to him.
f. Since I am sick, I can’t work.
g. I save my money so that I can buy a new car.
h. Though Jane was sick, she still came to the class.
i. Ali is lazy whereas his sister is very diligent.
j. In spite of the rain, I go to school.
k. You can go on in case I don’t come here.
l. If you study hard, you will get a good score. On the other hand, you will fail if you don’t.
m. As he was leaving the house, someone came to his house.

D. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB
Kata penghubung yang berfungsi menyambungkan klausa atau kalimat.
Contoh:
thus (dengan demikian); moreover dan furthermore (lagipula); besides dan in addition (di
samping itu); therefore, accordingly, hence, dan as a result (oleh karena itu); nevertheless,
however, dan yet (namun).
a. I’d like to go; however, I don’t have any money.
b. You must have enough rest; otherwise, you will get sick.
c. Joanna is so beautiful. Thus, she is popular among boys.
d. Ajeng is clever. In addition, she is also very rich.
e. My brothers are very genius. Moreover, they also polite and humble.

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 CONTOH SOAL

1. … the great inconvenience of travelling, many television reporters went to the flooded
area for their reports. (SPMB/2002/R-2)
A. despite
B. in addition to
C. although
D. in case of
E. because of
Pembahasan :
Awal kalimat tersebut merupakan frasa. Ini karena hanya terdapat satu subjek dalam
kalimat. Kalimat tersebut juga menyatakan suatu pertentangan makna antara kalimat
pertama yang bermakna negatif dengan kalimat kedua yang bermakna positif Jadi, kata
penghubung yang paling tepat untuk melengkapinya adalah despite (pilihan A).
Jawaban: A

2. Smoking can be the cause of many illnesses and respiratory disorders … it may harm non-
smokers. (UMPTN/2000/R-A & UMPTN/2001/R-B/R-C)
A. consequently
B. however
C. in addition
D. nevertheless
E. otherwise
Pembahasan :
Kata however dan nevertheless memiliki makna yang sama, yakni namun
demikian. Jadi, jawaban tersebut kurang tepat. Demikian juga dengan
pilihan A dan E, consequently menyatakan akibat dan otherwise menyatakan
syarat. Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat pada pilihan C, in addition.
Jawaban: C

3. … three people have died of Cholera, the old people of the village refused to get an
injection against it. (UMPTN/2000/R-B)
A. although
B. however
C. in spite of
D. since
E. despite

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 Pembahasan :
In spite of dan despite memiliki makna dan fungsi yang sama, yakni bermakna
walaupun yang sama-sama harus diikuti oleh frasa. Demikian juga dengan kedua kata
lainnya, however (namun demikian) dan since (sejak atau karena). Kalimat tersebut
merupakan klausa. Jadi, although pada pilihan A menjadi jawaban yang paling benar.
Jawaban: A

4. There was nothing for dinner, … we had to go to a grocery store. (SPMB/2004/R-I)

A. otherwise
B. moreover
C. besides
D. however
E. therefore
Pembahasan :
Kalimat tersebut menyatakan sebab-akibat yang ditunjukkan there was
nothing for dinner (tidak ada apapun untuk makan malam). Jadi, kata yang
dapat melengkapi kalimat selanjutnya, yakni therefore (oleh karena itu).
Sementara pilihan lainnya kurang tepat, yakni otherwise (syarat), moreover
(lagipula), besides (di samping itu), dan however (namun demikian).
Jawaban: E

5. “Did he say something to the police”

“Well, … he admitted breaking into the car, he denied stealing the tape.” (SPMB/2002/
R-I)
A. eventhough
B. because
C. meanwhile
D. when
E. as soon as
Pembahasan :
Kalimat tersebut menyatakan suatu pertentangan karena bermakna dia terbukti merusak
bagian dalam mobil, dia menyangkal dirinya mencuri radio. Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat
untuk mengisi bagian rumpang tersebut, yaitu pilihan A eventhough (meskipun demikian) .
Jawaban: A

6. The hotel provides good facilities, yet … (SPMB/2002/R-II)

A. The occupancy rate is very low.
B. Foreign tourists like to stay there.
C. It is located on the beautiful beach.

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 D. On-the-job-training is provided for the employees.
E. It is advertised on the yellow pages.
Pembahasan :
Kalimat tersebut merupakan kalimat yang saling bertentangan dengan adanya kata hubung
yet (namun atau tetapi). Kata yet ini membuat bagian yang rumpang harus dilengkapi dengan
kalimat yang bermakna bertentangan dengan kalimat sebelumnya (hotel itu menyediakan
fasilitas yang baik, namun...). Oleh karena itu, pilihan A menjadi jawaban yang paling tepat.
Jawaban: A

7. Our dental clinic should be provided with more modern equipments, otherwise …
(SPMB/2003/R-III)
A. Patients would be eager to come.
B. It would make patients comfortable.
C. Patients would not be cured.
D. It would become more popular.
E. No patients would come.
Pembahasan :
Kalimat tersebut diikuti kata penghubung yang menyatakan syarat, yaitu otherwise (jika tidak).
Oleh karena itu, kalimat selanjutnya harus dilengkapi dengan kalimat yang menyatakan akibat
untuk melengkapi kalimat sebelumnya yang bermakna sebab (klinik gigi kita seharusnya
dilengkapi dengan peralatan modern). Jadi, pilihan E menjadi jawaban yang paling tepat.
Jawaban: E

8. This project is a huge construction project which needs the use of high technology; it is
therefore most likely that the government will have an established foreign company to do
the job.
From the above sentence we may conclude that … (SPMB/2004/R-III)
A. The government seems to be incapable of doing the job.
B. The construction project should be completed within a short time.
C. There are not enough technicians to be involved in the project.
D. The government may not have the necessary financial resources.
E. The project is performed based on a 40-60 share.
Pembahasan :
Secara implicit (tersirat), dapat diambil kemungkinan terbesar bahwa akhirnya,
pemerintah memutuskan untuk menunjuk perusahaan asing untuk mengerjakan
proyek tersebut disebabkan pemerintah dirasa tidak mampu mengerjakan proyek yang
menggunakan teknologi tinggi. Jadi, jawaban yang paling memungkinkan, yaitu pilihan A.
Jawaban: A

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 9. People like to live in the peaceful world, nevertheless … (UMPTN/1998/R-C)
A. Every conflict and disagreement should be avoided.
B. They try very hard to live in harmony.
C. Coordination and cooperation are being conducted.
D. They come together to solve global problems.
E. There are still wars among nations.
Pembahasan :
Kata penghubung yang terdapat pada kalimat tersebut, yakni nevertheless (namun).
Kata penghubung ini menunjukkan suatu pertentangan dari kalimat sebelumnya yang
bermakna positif (Masyarakat senang hidup damai di dunia, namun ...). Oleh karena itu,
kalimat selanjutnya harus bermakna negatif. Jawaban yang paling tepat, yaitu pilihan E.
Jawaban: E