3D - Construction - System
General Description
1 Introduction
3D CROSS SECTION
COVER MESH
SHOTCRETE
(OR GYPSUM FOR
DIAGONAL NON-BEARING
WALLS)
EPS CORE
2 Application
The EVG 3D Construction System is used for one- or multi-storey residential buildings as
well as for schools, offices and industrial buildings.
Photo 1
Residential building;
duplex house with 2 stories
(Kaposvar, Hungary)
3 Foundations
Walls of a 3D building start from the upper edge of the foundation, preferably a load bearing
slab, or foundation strips as well. Starter bars with a diameter of 10 mm set at a distance of
approx. 50 cm are necessary on one side of the wall (for outside walls mostly inside) in order
to put up the wall. On account of the exactness it is recommended to drill the holes for the
starter bars later. Then fill up the holes with cement slurry. These starter bars mainly serve
for an easy erection of the panel. For special structural needs only (e. g. wind loads on
cantilever walls) these rebars have to be inserted on both sides at smaller distances
according to the structural requirements. Then it is recommended to fill up the drilling holes
with chemical binding agents epoxy resin). It is only in case of considerable loads (e.g. earth
quake loads) that this connecting reinforcement has to be placed with the foundation slab
already.
Foundations without connecting reinforcement are practicable as well. This may be, for
instance, U-channels of the width of the EPS core that are fixed on the foundation slab. In
this case, the use of small pieces of splice mesh (e.g. 30 × 30 cm) in the wall corners is
recommended. This splice mesh is L-shaped and is clamped below the U-channel. Then the
wall panels can be tied to them.
50 - 100 cm
U-Channel
Starter bars
ø 10 mm, min. 50 cm
approx. 20 mm U-Channel
50cm
reinforcement
EPS thickness
foundation slab screw
30mm
10-15cm
splice mesh in the corner
Figure 2 Connection to the foundation
EPS-50 OR EPS-100
ø10/50
WALL PANEL
40 STARTERBARS
DRILLED IN PLACE
3 or 5.5 10-15
Figure 3 Connection between foundation and outside wall with starter bars (strip foundation)
The axis of the starter bars is at a distance of 3 cm (EPS-50) or 5.5 cm (EPS-100) from
the wall’s axis. The drilling depth is 10 - 15 cm. The outer edge of the finished wall is flush
with the outer edge of the foundation.
EPS-50 OR EPS-100
ø10/50
WALL PANEL
40
STARTERBARS
DRILLED IN PLACE
3 or 5.5 10-15
Figure 4 Connection between foundation slab and inside wall with starter bars
The axis of the starter bars is at a distance of 3 cm (EPS-50) or 5.5 cm (EPS-100) from
the wall’s axis. The drilling depth is 10 - 15 cm.
U-CHANNEL
PANEL PANEL
EPS-thickness
4 Walls
In general, walls made of EVG-3D panels and concrete (shotcrete) can be considered as
load-bearing walls. EVG-3D components are thin-walled reinforced concrete sandwich
elements which can mainly transfer compression- and shear forces in the plane of wall. The
flexural resistance perpendicular to the plane of wall is limited. Therefore buildings erected as
3D constructions are composed in a “box-like” way where 3D elements are connected with
each other. Thereby the joints between slab and wall or wall and wall in general do not
transfer any or only minor bending moments.
Forces acting horizontally on 3D buildings such as wind- or earth quake forces are absorbed
most effectively by the 3D shear walls. The respective “box-like” infilling with 3D panel walls
in X- and Y direction of 3D buildings has to be provided. For dimensioning, 3D slabs and 3D
walls can be considered independently from each other. A frame-like design of 3D buildings
is possible to a limited extent only and is not recommended.
LATERAL LOADS
cross wall
(shear wall)
anchored in the foundation
possibly boundary elements compression force
All connections between walls and walls, and walls and slabs take into consideration this
box-like behaviour.
SPLICE MESH
30
15
15
CORNER MESH
30
15
OUTSIDE
15
INSIDE 15
For wall panels of 50 mm EPS each, splice mesh with a width of 10 + 20 = 30 cm can be
used at the outer side of outside corners.
Wall Opening
ADD. REINFORCEMENT
50 50
(ACC. TO CALCULATION)
30 30
30
30
50 OPENING
50
SPLICE MESH
15
14 U-MESH
16
PANEL 5 PANEL
FOAM
The splice mesh has to be fixed in all corners of the opening and has to have a length of
at least 50 cm. The opening can be made with or without concrete reveal.
5 Slabs
3D slabs are always designed as simply supported or continuous one way slabs. A slab
acting in two ways cannot be recommended to be made with 3D panels.
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Therefore, slabs made from 3D elements require always continuous supports. In an area
where continuous supports are interrupted flush beam strips have to form a support, e.g.
above doors having the same height as the room.
Another field of application are inclined roof slabs. The two roof halves often are constructed
in such a way that they support each other like in a three-hinged arch. The occurring
horizontal forces are transferred via the cross walls (y-direction in figure 12) to the
foundation. The roof acts also as a diaphragm and possibly has to be provided with
additional reinforcement in transverse direction.
The reaction force in the support of the roof slab generated by the diaphragm action is
transferred to the cross walls (gable walls and internal walls) via the panel joint.
ø 8 MM/20 CM
50
CONNECTING
14 REINFORCEMENT
ø 10 MM
50
2 ø 8 MM
6
10 45
100
5 SPLICE MESH
5 10 5
The area of steel in the ring beam has to be at least 1.0 cm² (= 2 ø 8 mm). The distance of
the stirrups at the support can be extended at the cross edge to up to 40 cm. The EPS of
the slab panel has to be flush with the surface of the wall.
CONNECTING
REINFORCEMENT
EPS FLUSH WITH THE ø 10 MM
SURFACE OF THE WALL
4 ø 8 MM
6
10
100
5
REINFORCEMENT ACCORD.
ø 10 MM/25 CM TO STRUCT. CALCULATION
5 5 5
As an alternative the connecting bar at the support can be replaced by two U-shaped
stirrups (see figure 13). The EPS of the slab has to be flush with the surface of the wall. A
reinforced ring beam is not absolutely necessary.
Ridge Detail
ø 8 MM/20 CM 2 ø 8 MM
60 60
REMOVE EPS
ø 8 MM/20 CM
30
70
In the area of the connection reinforcement, the EPS has to be removed to ensure the
concrete cover.
Eaves Detail
U-MESH
20
25 REMOVE EPS
In the area of the support, the EPS has to be removed or the length of wall panels
has to be chosen correspondingly shorter.
ROOF
15 15
CORNER MESH 15
U MESH 14
16
CORNER MESH ACC. TO
REMOVE EPS OR
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT
CUT THE PANEL
WALL
Figure 17 Roof overhang at cross edge
The thickness of the bottom concrete layer must be kept the same also in the area of the
wall panels.