Notes For C++ Language Part 4

12/17/2018 NOTES FOR C++ LANGUAGE PART 4.
docx - Google Docs
NOTES FOR C++ LANGUAGE PART 4
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How to use constructor to ini alize data member.
let us see an example without constructor then using constructor.
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
class demo
private:
int d;
public:
void setdata(int n)
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12/17/2018 NOTES FOR C++ LANGUAGE PART 4.docx - Google Docs
d=n;
void showdata()
cout<<”\n data=”<<d;
};
void main()
demo obj;
obj.setdata(10);
obj.showdata();
getch();
explana on : to have an in al value to data member d of object ‘obj’ we have
to explicitly call the member func on ‘setdata ‘ which will assign value 10 to
‘d’. member func on showdata will print value of data member ‘d’ as 10.
#include <conio.h>
class demo
private:
int d;
public:
demo(int n) // constructor defini on, note name is same as class name and no
return //specifica on
d=n;
void showdata()
};
void main()
demo obj(10),rbj(30); // here constructor is automa cally called
// note that demo qbj; will generate compiler error because compiler has stopped
crea ng
// default constructor (constructor with no argument) and we don’t have our own
// default constructor
obj.showdata();
rbh.showdata();
getch();
output will be:
data=10
data=30
explana on : to have an in al value to data member d of object ‘obj’ we have
to explicitly call the member func on ‘setdata ‘ which will assign value 10 to
‘d’. member func on showdata will print value of data member ‘d’ as 10.
What do you mean by parameterized constructor? what happens if we have
parameterized constructor only and try to declare an object such as class-name
obj?
Constructor defini on having parameters in its’ defini on is known as
parameterized constructor.
a special type of constructor which does not contain any argument is created by
compiler itself known as default constructor un l we don’t have our user
defined constructor. default constructor supports declara on of object such as:
class-name obj-name;
so defining parameterized constructor only will prevent ourselves to write
statement
class-name obj-name.;
therefore we must defined parameterized as well as non-parameterized constructor
to support class-name obj-name as well as class-name obj(parameter).
if out programming requirement is to declare parameterized object we can omit
defini on of constructor with no argument(default constructor).
#include <conio.h>
class demo
private:
int d;
public:
demo() // no argument constructor or default constructor will support
//class-name obj-name;
d=0;
return
//specifica on this will support class-name obj-name(value)
d=n;
void showdata()
};
void main()
demo obj(10),rbj(30),cbj; // here constructor is automa cally called
// note that demo cbj; will not generate compiler error because we have defined
our
// own default constructor
obj.showdata();
rbh.showdata();
cbj.showdata();
getch();
output will be:
data=10
data=30
data=0
Write a program using constructor to automa cally start taking user input.
#include <conio.h>
class demo
private:
int d;
public:
demo() // no argument constructor or default constructor will support
//class-name obj-name;
cout<<”\n enter a value”:
cin>>d;
return
//specifica on this will support class-name obj-name(value)
d=n;
void showdata()
};
void main()
demo obj(10),rbj(30),cbj;
// constructor with one argument is called automa call by obj and rbj and their
data
//members are ini alized with 10 and 30. cbj generates automa cally call to
user defined
// default constructor which will ask the user to enter a data
obj.showdata();
rbj.showdata();
cbj.showdata(); // will print the value entered by user
getch();
output will be:
data=10
data=30
data=value entered by user
Write program to demonstrate use of constructor to allocate memory for dynamic
data member./ constructor with default argument value.
example:
#include<iosteream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class array
private:
int *a;
int size;
public:
array(int n=5)
a=new int [n];
size=n;
void getdata();
void putdata();
void array::getdata()
int m,n;
cout<<”\n enter “<<size <<” values;
for(m=0;m<size;m++)
cin>>a[m];
void array::putdata()
int m,n;
cout<<”\nvalues are “;
for(m=0;m<size;m++)
cout<<a[m];
void main()
array c1(4),c2;
c1.getdata();
c2.getdata();
c1.putdata();
c2.putdata();
getch();
Class and double dimension dynamic array using constructor for memory alloca on.
example:
#include<iosteream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class array
private:
int **a;
int rsize,csize;
public:
array(int m=3,int n=3);
void getdata();
void putdata();
array::array(int m,int n)
int p,q;
a=new int *[m]; // allocate memory for first element of rows
for(p=0;p<m;p++)// allocate memory for all elements of each row
a[p]=new int [n];
rsize=m;
csize=n;
void array::getdata()
int m,n;
cout<<”\n enter “<<size <<” values;
for(m=0;m<rsize;m++)
for(n=0;n<csize;n++)
cin>>a[m][n];
void array::putdata()
int m,n;
cout<<”\nvalues are\n “;
for(m=0;m<rsize;m++)
for(n=0;n<csize;n++)
cout<<a[m][n];
void main()
array c1(2,2),c2;
c1.getdata();
c2.getdata();
c1.putdata();
c2.putdata();
getch();
What is destructor?
destructor is a member func on defined in public area with same name as class
name but preceded by ~( lde). destructor is called automa cally when memory
allocated for an object is released.
Write characteris cs of constructor and destructor.
characteris cs of constructor:
*. constructor is the first member func on, which is automa cally called at
the me of crea on of each every object of that class.

Notes For C++ Language Part 4

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12/17/2018 NOTES FOR C++ LANGUAGE PART 4.

docx - Google Docs

NOTES FOR C++ LANGUAGE PART 4

Back to notes sec on :

How to use constructor to ini alize data member.

let us see an example without constructor then using constructor.

explana on : to have an in al value to data member d of object ‘obj’ we have

demo obj(10),rbj(30); // here constructor is automa cally called

output will be:

explana on : to have an in al value to data member d of object ‘obj’ we have

What do you mean by parameterized constructor? what happens if we have

parameterized constructor only and try to declare an object such as class-name

Constructor deﬁni on having parameters in its’ deﬁni on is known as

compiler itself known as default constructor un l we don’t have our user

deﬁned constructor. default constructor supports declara on of object such as:

so deﬁning parameterized constructor only will prevent ourselves to write

therefore we must deﬁned parameterized as well as non-parameterized constructor

to support class-name obj-name as well as class-name obj(parameter).

if out programming requirement is to declare parameterized object we can omit

deﬁni on of constructor with no argument(default constructor).

demo() // no argument constructor or default constructor will support

//speciﬁca on this will support class-name obj-name(value)

demo obj(10),rbj(30),cbj; // here constructor is automa cally called

// own default constructor

output will be:

demo() // no argument constructor or default constructor will support

cout<<”\n enter a value”:

//speciﬁca on this will support class-name obj-name(value)

// default constructor which will ask the user to enter a data

cbj.showdata(); // will print the value entered by user

output will be:

data=value entered by user

Write program to demonstrate use of constructor to allocate memory for dynamic

data member./ constructor with default argument value.

a=new int [n];

cout<<”\n enter “<<size <<” values;

array(int m=3,int n=3);

a=new int *[m]; // allocate memory for ﬁrst element of rows

for(p=0;p<m;p++)// allocate memory for all elements of each row

a[p]=new int [n];

cout<<”\n enter “<<size <<” values;

allocated for an object is released.

Write characteris cs of constructor and destructor.

the me of crea on of each every object of that class.

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