Substation Preventive Maintenance

PROVINCIAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY 1

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 Presentation Contents

1) A kind of substation
2) Electrical equipment details of AIS substation
3) Electrical equipment details of GIS substation
4) Preliminary operation before preventive maintenance
5) Preventive maintenance operation details of AIS substation
and GIS substation

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 A kind of substation

1) AIS Outdoor substation

2) GIS Indoor substation

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 Electrical Equipment Details of AIS substation

1) 115 kV Switchyard 5) 22 kV Switchgear

1) Gas Circuit Breaker 1) Vacuum Circuit Breaker
2) Disconnecting & Earthing Switch 2) Load Break Switch
3) Current Transformer 3) Current Transformer
4) Voltage Transformer 4) Voltage Transformer
5) Lightning Arrester 5) Protection Relay
6) Protection Relay 6) Digital Multimeter
7) Digital Multimeter 7) Bus Bar
2) 115/22 kV Power Transformer 8) Power Cable
3) Station Service Transformer 6) Battery & Battery Charger
4) Distribution Board 7) Grounding
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 Electrical Equipment Details of GIS substation

1) 115 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear 9) 22 kV Switchgear

2) 115/22 kV Power Transformer 1) Vacuum Circuit Breaker
2) Load Break Switch
3) Protection & Control Board
3) Current Transformer
4) Lightening Arrester/Surge Counter
4) Voltage Transformer
5) Station Service Transformer 5) Protection Relay
6) Distribution Board 6) Digital Multimeter
7) Battery & Battery Charger 7) Bus Bar
8) Power Cable
8) Grounding

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 Preliminary operation before Preventive Maintenance

1) Visual inspection of electrical equipment inside substation

2) Thermo-scan an electrical equipment inside substation before and
after preventive maintenance

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

Preliminary operation before Preventive Maintenance

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

Preliminary operation before Preventive Maintenance

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 Thermoscan (Before – After)
Classification : Minor. - > Normal
Description : Probably poor connection
Recommendation : Should be checked and cleaned the indicated connection point.
Criteria of temperature
- Temperature normal : less than 40 ºC
- Temperature dangerous : more than 40 ºC

Before Visible Image After

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 Thermoscan (Before – After)

Before Visible Image After

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Preventive Maintenance operations details of
AIS substation and GIS substation

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Disconnecting & Earthing Switch

Electrical Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
Insulation resistance test of each pole
to ground by energize voltage 2500 Vdc for 1 min
with switch open, shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ
- Contact Resistance Test
It will be made across the main contact
with switch close by energize 100 Adc, and value
compare by factory test should be very less.
- Operating Interlocking Check
When ground bar is closed, It should
not operate to close with mechanic interlocking.

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 96 kV , 108 kV Lightning Arrester
Visual Inspection
- Support Structure
- Seal and Body
- Grounding System
- Cleaning
Electrical Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
Energize 5,000 Vdc for 1 min on each arrester,
phase to ground. The value shall be exceed more than
100,000 MΩ
- Counter Operation Test
Verify correct operation of surge counter by
input about 100 Vdc (by capacitor 300mF) at top and bottom
of surge counter and counter should count up
- (Optional) DC Hi-Pot Test
Power frequency voltage test on the main circuit
for 1 min at lease 62% of maximum test voltage, should have
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a few difference leakage current of each phases

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Voltage Transformer & Current Transformer

Electrical Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
Insulation resistance test of primary
winding and secondary winding with respect to
ground at voltage 2,500 Vdc for 1 min. The value shall
be exceed more than 1,000 MΩ
- Turn Ratio Test
Verification check by voltage method,
measure a turn ratio of each phase and each tap by
energize current following nameplate (such as 1000 A
for CT, 150 A for VT) between HV and LV in every core
Then, read the ratio value from a test instrument in A.
analyze the value of turn ratio in the every core, the
different value should be very less comparing by
nameplate shall not deviate more than 0.5%
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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Voltage Transformer & Current Transformer

Electrical Test
- Winding Resistance Test
Measure a secondary winding resistance of
each phase by energize DC current ( 1 A or 5 A follows its
nameplate) between HV and ground in every core at full
tap. Receive the value of V and calculate to R from a test
instrument in Ω and analyze the value, the different value
should be very less and/or comparing by factory test

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Gas Circuit Breaker (SF6)

Electrical Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
Insulation resistance test at 5000 Vdc
between top and middle, and between middle and
case for 1 min, shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ
- Contact Resistance Test
It will be made between the upper
fixed contact through the GCB to the lower contact
points (top to middle) with GCB close at 100 Adc,
the different value should be very less comparing by
factory test
- Operating Timing Test
Energize 125 Vdc at coil for operate
GCB to change position to close and open and catch
that time in use for compare with factory test.
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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (115kV GIS)
Visual Inspection
- Support Structure
- Seal and Body
- Motor Charging
- Cleaning
Electrical Test
- SF6 Pressure System Test
to measure pressure of each compartments by
instrument (IR zero waste SF6 analyzer), compare with its
nameplate and gauge (green zone)
- SF6 Moisture (Dew-Point) and leakage
to measure dew point by analyzer and refer to
moisture inside compartments, shall be less than -30ºC
Standard H2O SO2 SF6 HF
IEC60480-1 750 ppm 12.0 ppm 97 % 25 ppm
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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (115 kV GIS)

Electrical Test
- Contact Resistance Test
It will be made between the upper fixed contact
through the CB at 100 Adc (at the terminal box), the different
value in µΩ should be very less comparing by factory test
- Operating Timing Test
Energize 125 Vdc at coil (in the terminal box) for
operate CB to change position to close and open and catch
that time in use for compare with factory test.
- Insulation Resistance Test
It test between current transformer secondary and
ground usually checked by use of megger test at 1000 Vdc (500
Vdc if required) for 1 min shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ
- Winding Resistance Test
Test with multi-meter, measure in Ω.
- Alarm Circuit Check 18

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115/22 kV Power Transformer
Visual Inspection
- Bushing, Tank and associated device
- Load Tap-changer
- Oil Level Check
- Replace Silica Gel
- Cleaning
Electrical Test
- Polarization Index Test
Perform polarization index on each winding
(primary and secondary shorting 3 phases) to ground.
Energize voltage at 2,500 Vdc (about 0.5 ampare) for 1 min
and 10 mins. PI should be more than 2.0

MΩ at 10 mins
PI=
MΩ at 1 min

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115/22 kV Power Transformer
Electrical Test
- Winding Resistance Test
Measure a winding resistance of each phase by
energize current 10 Adc between each phase in every primary
taps and secondary tap in V and calculate to Ω. Analyze the value
with each phases in the same tap, the different value should be
very less comparing by factory test
- Turn Ratio Test
Measure a turn ratio of each phase and each tap by
energize voltage 10 Vac (or auto mode) between HV and LV in
every tap in V. Analyze the value of turn ratio in the every tap, the
different value should be very less comparing by nameplate
(including phase angle difference in degree)

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115/22 kV Power Transformer
Electrical Test
- Oil Transformer Test
By IEC 60156 (ASTM if any) including
Dielectric Breakdown Test at both main tank and OLTC.
Standard Type Gap No. of Test Acceptable
IEC 60156 Spherical 2.5 mm 6 > 60 kV
ASTM D877 Plate 2.5 mm 5 > 30 kV
ASTM D1816 Spherical 2.0 mm 5 > 50 kV
- Water Content Test
By ASTM D1533, to sampling transformer
oil to test in the laboratory, shall be less than 25 ppm
on main tank and less than 40 ppm on OLTC.

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 115/22 kV Power Transformer
Electrical Test
- Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)
By ASTM D3612, to analyze key gas in transformer
oil such as O2 N2 H2 CH4 CO CO2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H2 C3H6 C3H8 of
main tank and OLTC.
O2 N2 H2 CH4 CO
N/A N/A <100 <120 <350
CO2/CO CO2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H2
>3 <2500 <50 <65 <1

- Oil/Winding Temp.
See a winding temperature at a gauge, shall be in
the length of setting
* Normally Setting Fan : 70 C | Alarm : 95 C | Trip : 105 C
- Tr. Fan (Motor/Fan)
See fan working by simulate all functions refer by
temperature (on/off/work at high temp.), shall work by its setting 22

DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 115 kV Protection & Control Board
115 kV Protection Relay

Visual Inspection
- Seal and Body
- Setting Relay Recording
- Cleaning
- Relay Feature (Operation) Check
- Digital Multi-meter Check

Relay in testing
27/59 – Under/Over Voltage Relay
50/51G – Instantaneous/Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay
21 – Distance Relay
87 – Differential Relay

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 22 kV Switchgear & Bus Bar
Item
- Vacuum Circuit Breaker
- Current Transformer
- Voltage Transformer
- Protection Relay
- Metering
- Power Cable

Visual Inspection
- Support Structure
- Seal and Body
- Bus Bar Connection
- Cleaning
- Motor Charging (VCB)
- Terminator (Power Cable)
- Record Setting Relay (Relay)
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 22 kV Switchgear & Bus Bar

Electrical Test (VCB)

- Contact Resistance Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
- Operation Timing Test
- Operation Test

Electrical Test (CT&PT)

- Winding Resistance Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
- Turn Ratio
- Contact Resistance Test

Electrical Test (Power Cable)

- Insulation Resistance Test

Electrical Test (Protection Relay)

- Secondary Injection Test 25

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 Station Service Transformer

Visual Inspection
- Bushing, Tank and associated device
- Oil Level Check
- Cleaning
Electrical Test
- Winding Insulation Resistance Test
Perform insulation resistance and/or
polarization index on each winding to ground.
Recommended minimum DC test voltage at 2500 Vdc
for primary and 500 Vdc for secondary.
- Oil Transformer Test
By IEC 60156 (ASTM if any) including
Dielectric Breakdown Test.

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 Computerized Substation Control System (CSCS)

- Visual Inspection
- Cleaning
- Communication System Test

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 AC/DC Distribution Board

- Visual Inspection
- Cleaning
- Insulation Resistance Test (Panel)
Test for 1 min on each bus, phase to
ground and phase to phase with input/output off.

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 Battery & Battery Charger
Visual Inspection
- Seal and Body
- Cleaning
Electrical Test
- Insulation Resistance Test
- Charger Operating
- System Function Check
- Voltage Battery Cell Check
Measure cell voltage compare by its
nameplate and analyze its defect.
- Impedance Test
Measure cell resistance (impedance)
between pole + and pole - in Ω compare by
nearby cell and analyze its defect.

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 Grounding Systems
Visual Inspection
- Grounding System Connection Check
- Torque at joint
Electrical Test
- Grounding Resistance Test
Performed the test by fall of
potential method. The resistance of grounding
point should less than 5 ohm.
- Grounding Continuity Test
Performed the test by two points
method. The resistance of ground and another
ground should be very less

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 Insulation Resistance and Polarity Index Test
1. Prepare a test instrument (such as Megger/MIT515)
2. Measure an insulation resistance of each core by
energize 5,000 Vdc between core and ground for
1 min and 10 mins with switch open
3. Read the value from a test instrument in MΩ
4. Measure in every phases and cores, then analyze
the value compare by each phase in the same
core, the different value should be very less but
shall be exceed than 100,000 MΩ
5. PI (Polarization Index) is the value of Insulation
Resistance at 10 mins divided by at 1 min, shall
be above 2.00

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA

 Contact Resistance Test
1. Prepare a test instrument (such as Megger/MOM200A)
2. Measure a contact resistance of each coil (status close
and open) by energize current 100 Adc in every phases
3. Read the value from a test instrument in µΩ
4. analyze the value with each phases, the different
value should be very less comparing by factory test

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DR.URAIRAT FUANGSOONGNERN : PEA