A project report on

SOLAR AUTOMATED STREET LIGHT SYSTEM

USING INTERNET OF THINGS
University Project – II Report submitted to the Presidency University, Bengaluru in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
by

Mr. Ajmal Roshan C N ID No.: 2015CSE011

Mr. Mohammed Mirza K P ID No.: 2015CSE080

Mr.Ramkumar ID No.: 2015CSE110

Mr.Srihari ID No.: 2015CSE155

Under the Supervision of

Mr. Mrutyunjaya M S
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY
(Private University established in Karnataka State by Act No. 41 of 2013)
Itgalpur, Rajankunte, Yelahanka, Bengaluru – 560064
Website: www.presidencyuniversity.in

I
 PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY

Bangalore

Department of Computer Science Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that the University Project – II work entitled “SOLAR AUTOMATED STREET
LIGHT SYSTEM, USING INTERNET OF THING” was carried out by Mr. Ajmal Roshan C N (ID
No. 2015CSE011), Mr. Mohammed Mirza K P (ID No. 2015CSE080), and Mr. Ramkumar (ID No.
2015CSE110), Mr. Sreehari (ID No. 2015CSE155) who are bonafide students of VII Semester
B.Tech. Computer Science & Engineering in Presidency University. This is in partial fulfillment of
the course work in place of Professional Practice – II of Bachelor of Engineering in Presidency
University, Bengaluru, during the year 2018-2019.

Mr. Mrutyunjaya M S
Supervisor & Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CS&Engineering.

Dr. K.G Mohan, Dr. Prabhakar Reddy,

Professor & Head of Department, Professor,
Department of Computer Science Dean School of Engineering.
and Engineering.

II
 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “Solar Automatic Street Light System” is a
record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mr. MRUTYUNJAYA M S, Asst
Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Presidency University,
Bengaluru. This report is submitted by me in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering to Presidency
University, Bengaluru in the month of June, 2019. The results embodied in this report have not
been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Mr. AJMAL ROSHAN C N

ID No.: 2015CSE011

Mr.MOHAMMED MIRZA K P
ID No.: 2015CSE080

Mr. RAMKUMAR
ID No.: 2015CSE110

Mr. SRIHARI
ID No.: 2015CSE155

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to the supervisor, Mr. Mrutyunjaya M S, Asst
Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering for her morale boosting, meticulous
guidance, co-operation and supervision throughout this project work.

I would like to owe my heartiest gratitude to Dr. K G Mohan, Head of the Department of
ComputerScience & Engineering for his encouragement during the progress of this project
work.

I would also like to pay my sincere thanks to Dr. C. Prabhakar Reddy, Dean, School of
Engineering for sharing his valuable experience in completing project work.

I would like to thank both teaching and non-teaching staff members of the Department of
Computer Science & Engineering for their kind cooperation and all sorts of help to complete
this project work successfully.

I would also like to thank all of my juniors, classmates and friends for their valuable
suggestions to complete my project work in time.

Last but not the least I would like to thank my parents for always staying beside me and
encouraging all the time.

Date: 10-06-2019
Place: Presidency University, Bengaluru

Mr. Ajmal Roshan C N ID No.: 2015CSE011

Mr. Mohammed Mirza K P ID No.: 2015CSE080

Mr.Ramkumar ID No.: 2015CSE110

Mr.Srihari ID No.: 2015CSE155

IV
 ABSTRACT
Smart Street light is an automated system which automates the street. The main aim of Smart Street
light is to reduce the power consumption when there are no vehicle movements and also pedestrian
movement on the road. With advancement of technology, things are becoming simpler and easier for
everyone in the world today. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to
reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization, whereas mechanization provided human
operators with machinery to assist the users with the muscular requirements of work, automation
greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an
increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automatic systems are
being preferred over manual system. The research work shows automatic control of streetlights as a
result of which power is saved to an extent. The Smart street light provides a solution for energy
saving which is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle using the IR sensors and then switching
ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle with high intensity. As the vehicle passes by, the
trailing lights turns ON automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy.

V
 CONTENTS

Title Page No.

CERTIFICATE II
DECLARATION III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
ABSTRACT V
CONTENTS VI-VII
LIST OF FIGURES IX
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 10-13
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 Objective 12
1.3 Problem Statement 12
1.4 Literature survey 12-13
1.5 Proposed Technique 13
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 14-16

2.1 Software Requirements 15

2.1.1 Arduino Software 15
2.1.2 Arduino Programming Language 15
2.2 Hardware Requirements 16
CHAPTER 3 SMART STREET LIGHTING 17-28
3.1 Smart Street Lighting 18
3.2 Solar Panels 18

3.3 Arduino Nano 18

3.3.1 Key Features 19-20
3.4 IR Sensors 21
3.4.1 IR Emitter LED 22
3.4.2 IR Photo Diode 22
3.4.3 Distance Adjust 22
3.4.4 Specification 22
3.5 Relays 23
3.5.1 Features 23

VI
 3.5.2 Relay module Input 24
3.5.3 Relay module Output 24
3.6 Transitors 24
3.7 Resistors 25
3.8 Diodes 25
3.9 LDR 26
3.9.1 Specification 26
3.10 Light Emmiting Diode 27
3.11 Voltage Regulator 28
3.12 Rechargeable Battery 28
CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION 29-31
4.1 Implementation 29
4.2 Pseudo Code 31-32
CHAPTER 5 SNAPSHOTS 33
5.1 Prototype Images 34-37
5.2 Advantages 38
Conclusion &Future Work. 39
References 40

VII
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Caption Page No.

Fig. 1.1 Proposed flowchart 13

Fig. 2.1 Arduino example 15

Fig. 3.1 Solar Panel 18

Fig. 3.2 Arduino nano 20

.
Fig. 3.3 IR Sensors 21

Fig. 3.4 Relays 23

Fig. 3.5 Relay Module Input 24

Fig. 3.6 Relay Module Output 24

Fig. 3.7 Transistor 25

Fig. 3.8 Resistor 25

Fig. 3.9 Diode 25
Fig. 3.10 Graphical Representation of LDR 26
Fig. 3.11 LDR 27
Fig. 3.12 LED 27
Fig. 4.1 Circuit Diagram automated Street Light 30
Fig. 5.1 Picture of Automated Street Light 1 34
Fig. 5.2 Picture of Automated Street Light 2 35
Fig. 5.3 Picture of Automated Street Light 3 36
Fig. 5.4 Picture of Automated Street Light 4 37

IX
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

10
1.1 Introduction:
Automation plays an increasingly very important role in the world economy and in daily life.
Automatic systems are being preferred over any kind of manual system. We can also call it an
“SOLAR AUTOMATED STREET LIGHT SYSTEM”. Intelligent light sensing refers to public street
lighting that adapts to movement by pedestrians, cyclists and cars. Intelligent street lighting, also
referred to as adaptive street lighting methods, This type of lighting is different from traditional,
stationary and illumination.
The research work shows automatic control of streetlights as a result of which power is saved to some
extent. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas
mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist the users with muscular
requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental
requirements as well. Basically,street lighting is one of the important parts. Therefore, the street lamps
are relatively simple but with the development of urbanization, the number of streets increases rapidly
with high traffic density. There are several factors need to be considered in order to design a good
street lighting system such as night-time safety for community members and road users, provide public
lighting at cost effective, the reduction of crime and minimizing it is effect on the environment. At the
beginning, street lamps were controlled by manual control where a control switch is set in each of the
street lamps which is called the first generation of the original street light. After that, another method
that has been used was optical control method done using high pressure sodium lamp in their system.
Nowadays, it is seen that the method is widely used in the country. The method operates by set up an
optical control circuit, change the resistance by using of light sensitive device to control street lamps
light up automatically at 9 dusk and turn off automatically after dawn in the morning. Due to the
technological development nowadays, road lighting can be categorized according to the installation
area and performance, for an example, lighting for traffic routes, lighting for subsidiary roads and
lighting for urban center and public amenity areas. The WSN helps in improving the network sensing
for street lighting. Meanwhile, street light system can be classified according to the type of lamps used
such as incandescent light, mercury vapor light, metal halide light, high pressure sodium light, low
pressure sodium light, fluorescent light, compact fluorescent light, induction light and LED light.
Different type of light technology used in lighting design with their luminous efficiency, lamp service
life and their considerations. The LED is considered a promising solution to modern street lighting
system due to its behavior and advantages. Apart from that, the advantages of LED are likely to
replace the traditional street lamps such as the incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp and high-pressure
Sodium Lamp in future but LED technology is an extremely difficult process that requires a

11
combination of advanced production lines, top quality materials and high-precision manufacturing
process. Therefore, the research work highlights the energy efficient system of the street lights system
using LED lamps with IR sensor interface for controlling and managing.
1.2 Objective:
 To avoid unnecessary wastage of light
 Provide efficient, automatic and smart lightning system
 Based on renewable energy sources
 Longer life expentency
 Energy saving
1.3 Problem statement:
Present civilization is on a starve of energy for fulfilling their demand. So there are much use of
conventional energy occurs, which in turn creates the environment pollution at a large scale and
their quick extinction from the earth crust as much fossil fuel sare used. So by paying heed into
this alarming effect and to reduce its impact, Renewable Energy Sources are need to be used. So
our objective is to implement & design the solar PV cell in street lighting system To overcome the
power cuts and to minimize energy consumption of Street lighting system by ‘Solar Powered
Smart Street Lighting System with IOT’.
1.4 Literature Survey:
Maheshkumar Narsayya Bhairi et.al In their paper proposes energy efficient of smart street lighting
system using low cost Arduino nano. The main objective is to design energy efficient smart streetlight
for energy conservation in existing streetlights of rural area, urban area and exclusively for smart
cities. The system consists of LED luminaire, LED driver, PV panel, charge controller light sensor,
motion sensor, Arduino. The smart streetlight is controlled on the basis of traffic on road and day/night
time [8]. The system is programmed to automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only
operate during the night and heavy raining or bad weather. Many times we see that street lights are
remain switched ON even during day time, this is total of wastes of electricity while India is facing
lack of electricity. Another problem is the traditional street lamp e.g. Sodium vapour, Metal halide,
Incandescent, Fluorescent lamps consumes more power as compared to new advanced Led Lights.
Streetlights can be operated free of cost by using automatic controlled, self-powered, efficient solar
LED street light.

 This paper proposes energy efficient of smart street lighting system using low cost based on
Arduino.

12
 Published in: 2017 International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI)
 Date of Conference: 11-12 May 2017
 Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 22 February 2018
 INSPEC Accession Number: 17598922
 DOI: 10.1109/ICOEI.2017.8300980
 Publisher: IEEE
 Conference Location: Tirunelveli, India
1.5 Proposed Technique & flow chart:
 The present system employs power delivery via a single phase line to the streetlight.
 The proposed system involves more components to regulate the power delivery
 An Infra-Red Proximity Sensor at the base of the street light detects presence in a small area
around the street light.
 The data from the sensor is sent to the Arduino which forms brain of the circuit. The Arduino then
commands to switch between dim and bright modes depending upon the requirement and thus
controls the brightness of the street light.

Fig 1.1 proposed flowchart

13
 CHAPTER 2
System Requirements

14
2.1 Software requirement:
 Arduino Software
 Language: Arduino Programming Language
2.1.1 Arduino Software:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino
boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn
it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell
your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so
you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE),
based on Processing.Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from
everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students,
hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform,
their contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great
help to novices and experts alike.
2.1.2 Arduino Programming Language:
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good
reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of
hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable.
Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally,
Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more
accessible package.

Fig 2.1 Arduino example

15
2.2 Hardware Requirements:
 Solar Panel
 Arduino nano
 IR Sensors
 relays
 A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
 Power Light Emitting Diode (LED)
 Voltage Regulator
 Rechargeable Battery
 Resistors

16
 CHAPTER 3
Smart Street Lighting

17
3.1 Smart Street Lighting:
Street lights are doing more than ever in today’s smart cities. With digital networks and embedded sensors, they
collect and transmit information that help cities monitor and respond to any circumstance, from traffic and air
quality to crowds and noise. They can detect traffic congestion and track available parking spaces. Those very
same networks can remotely control LED lights to turn on and off, flash,and more, offering cities a chance to
maximize low-energy lighting benefits while also improving pedestrian and bicyclist safety. With street lights
creating a network canopy, those networks of data can be used by more than just lighting departments,
empowering even schools and businesses via a lighting infrastructure that brightens the future of the digital city.
Smart lighting helps cities save energy, lower costs, reduce maintenance—all while better serving citizens and
reducing energy use and CO2 emissions. Automation and networked control can further increase your
energy savings and reduce maintenance spending. Networked street lighting built on a scalable platform
can reduce crime up to 10% and make roadways safer through improved visibility. Leveraging intelligent
control systems can rapidly increase lighting efficiencies and traffic management.
3.2 Solar panels:
A solar panel is a collection of solar cells. The solar panel converts the solar energy into electrical energy.
Thermal energy collected through the day to perform different operations.
Performance of the solar panel depends on a number of factors like climate, conditions of the sky, orientation
of the panel, intensity and duration of sunlight and its wiring connections.

Fig 3.1 solar panel

3.3 ARDUINO NANO:

Arduino Nano is a microcontroller board designed by Arduino.cc. The microcontroller used in the
Arduino Nano is Atmega328, the same one as used in Arduino UNO. It has a wide range of
applications and is a major microcontroller board because of its small size and flexibilityInternet, host
18
a web server with real web pages, let your smartphone connect to it, etc ... The possibilities are
endless! It's no wonder that this chip has become the most popular IOT device available.
3.3.1 Key features of Arduino Nano:
 It comes with an operating voltage of 5V, however, the input voltage can vary from 7 to 12V.
 Arduino Nano Pinout contains 14 digital pins, 8 analog Pins, 2 Reset Pins & 6 Power Pins.
 Each of these Digital & Analog Pins are assigned with multiple functions but their main function is
to be configured as input or output.
 Functions like pinMode() and digitalWrite() are used to control the operations of digital pins
while analogRead() is used to control analog pins.
 The analog pins come with a total resolution of 10bits which measure the value from zero to 5V.
 There is one limitation using Arduino Nano i.e. it doesn’t come with DC power jack, means you
can not supply external power source through a battery.
 This board doesn’t use standard USB for connection with a computer, instead, it comes with Mini
USB support.
 Flash memory is 16KB or 32KB that all depends on the Atmega board i.e Atmega168 comes with
16KB of flash memory while Atmega328 comes with a flash memory of 32KB. Flash memory is
used for storing code.
 The SRAM can vary from 1KB or 2KB and EEPROM is 512 bytes or 1KB for Atmega168
and Atmega328 respectively.
 This board is quite similar to other Arduino boards available in the market, but the small size
makes this board stand out from others.
 Following figure shows the specifications of Arduino Nano Board.

19
FIG 3.2 Arduino Nano

20
3.4 IR SENSORS:
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion as well as
the presence of an object due to intervention or interruption. These type of sensors measure only
infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared
spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations.These types of radiations are invisible
to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light
Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same
wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and
these output voltages, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received. An IR sensor is a
device which detects IR radiation falling on it. There are numerous types of IR sensors that are built
and can be built depending on the application. Proximity sensors (Used in Touch Screen phones and
Edge Avoiding Robots), contrast sensors (Used in Line Following Robots) and obstruction
counters/sensors (Used for counting goods and in Burglar Alarms) are some examples, which use IR
sensors.

Fig 3.3 IR Sensor

21
3.4.1 IR Emitter LED:
An Infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) is a special purpose LED emitting infrared rays ranging
from 700 nm to 1 mm wavelength. Different IR LEDs may produce infrared light of differing
wavelengths, just like different LEDs produce light of different colors.
IR LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. In complement with IR
receivers, these are commonly used as sensors.
3.4.2 IR Photo Diode:
The IR phototdiode is sensitive to the IR light emitted by an IR LED. Infrared receivers are also called
as infrared sensors. IR receivers come in the form of photodiodes and phototransistors. Infrared
Photodiodes are different from normal photo diodes as they detect only infrared radiation.
3.4.3 Distance Adjust:
This infrared sensor can be powered with 5V and detection distance can be adjust from 3cm to 80cm.
It can be used at automation machine, mobile robot for obstacle detecting and to measure the distance
of the object in solar automated street lights. it is a non contact detection.The implementations of
modulated IR signal immune the sensor to the interference caused by the normal light of a light bulb
or the sun light.

3.4.4 Specifications:

 Diffuse reflective type

 Light source: Infrared

 Sensing range: 3cm to 80cm (depends on obstacle surface)

 Input voltage: 5VDC

 Current consumption: 100mA

 Dimension: 1.7cm (D) x 4.3cm (L)

 Cable length: 4.5cm

22
3.5 Relays:
This is a 9V 4-channel relay interface board, and each channel needs a 15-20mA driver current. It can
be used to control various appliances and equipment with large current. It is equiped with high-current
relays that work under AC250V 10A or DC30V 10A. It has a standard interface that can be controlled
directly by microcontroller.

Fig 3.4 relay

3.5.1 Features:
 Size: 75mm (Length) * 55mm (Width) * 19.3mm (Height)
 Weight: 61g
 PCB Color: green
 There are four fixed screw holes at each corner of the board, easy for install and fix. The diameter
of the hole is 3.1mm
 High quality Songle relay is used with single pole double throw, a common terminal, a normally
open terminal, and a normally closed terminal
 Optical coupling isolation, good anti-interference.
 Closed at low level with indicator on, released at high level with indicator off
 VCC is system power source, and JD_VCC is relay power source. Ship 5V relay by default. Plug
jumper cap to use
 The maximum output of the relay: DC 30V/10A, AC 250V/10A

23
3.5.2 Relay module input:
The module is supplied with power via the pin labeled VCC and ground via the pin labeled GND.The
relays are energized with low inputs to the IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4 inputs

Fig 3.5 relay module input

3.5.3 Relay module output:

There are four relays that each provide dry contact outputs. That is to say that each relay provides a
common (COM) , normally open (NO) and a normally closed (NC) terminal.

fig 3.6 relay module output

3.6 Transistors:
One of the most fundamental applications of a transistor is using it to control the flow of power to
another part of the circuit -- using it as an electric switch. Driving it in either cutoff or saturation mode,
the transistor can create the binary on/off effect of a switch.

24
 Fig 3.7 transistor

3.7 Resistors:
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a
circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages.A resistor is more durable than a diode and can suppress voltage spikes similar to a
diode, but the resistor will allow current to flow through it whenever the relay is on.

Fig 3.8 resistor

3.8 Diodes:
It is used to prevent the huge voltage spikes that happen when the power supply is disconnected.

Fig 3.9 diode

25
3.9 Light Dependent Resistor:
 The LDR is the sensor which detect day and night depending upon the intensity of light captured
by them.
 Light dependent resistor is used to detect change in light intensity or as a light sensor. LDR is
basically a variable resistor.
 LDR resistance changes with the change in intensity of light. If intensity of light falling on LDR is
high, LDR will have low resistance.
 The most common type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an increase in the light intensity
falling upon the device (as shown in the image above). The resistance of an LDR may typically
have the following resistances:

 Daylight = 5000Ω
 Dark = 20000000Ω
 You can therefore see that there is a large variation between these figures. If you plotted this
variation on a graph you would get something similar to that shown by the graph shown above.

Fig 3.10 graphical representation of LDR

3.9.1 Specification:
 Diameter : 5mm
 No. of Pins : 2
 Type of Mounting : PCB Through Hole
 Maximum Operating Temperature : +800C (Approx.)
 Dark resistance:1-20M ohm
26
 FIG 3.11 LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

3.10 Light Emmiting Diode:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is p-n junction diode that emits light
when activated. The long terminal is positive and the short terminal is negative. When a suitable current is
applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in
the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small

(less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern. LEDs
are versatile semiconductor with a number of attributes which make them perfect for most applications. Their
features include:
 Long Life: LEDs can last over 100,000 hours (10+ years) if used at rated current
 No annoying flicker as we experience with fluorescent lamps.
 LEDs are impervious to heat, cold, shock and vibration.
 LEDs do not contain breakable glass.
 Solid-State, high shock and vibration resistant
 Extremely fast turn on/off times 

FIG 3.12 LED

27
3.11 Voltage Regulator:
A voltage divider is a simple circuit which turns a large voltage into a smaller one.
Using just two series resistors and an input voltage, we can create an output voltage that is a fraction
of the input.Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics equation of
circuit.
3.12 Rechargeable Battery:
A rechargeable battery, storage, secondary battery or accumulator is a type of electrical battery which
can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, while a non-rechargeable or
primary battery is supplied fully charged, and discarded once discharged.
Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid,
nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), lithium ion (Li-ion), and lithium ion polymer
(Li-ion polymer).

28
 CHAPTER 4
Implementation

29
4.1 Methodology:
 Photovoltaic panels are used for charging batteries by converting the sunlight into electricity.
 A charge controller circuit is used to control the charging. Intensity of street lights is required to be
kept high during night.
 The solar cell converts solar energy to the electrical energy which is stored in battery. The solar
lamp draws the current from this battery and it requires no other wiring. The solar street lights use
solar energy, a form of renewable energy.
 Output of the LDR pin is connected to A0 (analog) port of Arduino nano board.
 Connect all output of the IR sensors to port numbers A1, A2, A3, A4 respectively (analog) which
is the input signal to the Arduino nano board.
 Connect the ground of all the IR sensors to GND port.
 The output signals from LED are connected to port number 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 respectively.
 Again connect all the negative terminals of LED’s to GND port.
 Power is passed to the Arduino nano (7-12V)

Fig 4.1 circuit diagram solar automated street light

30
4.2 Pseudo Code:
int sensor1=13;
int sensor2=12;
int sensor3=11;
int sensor4=10;
int sLight1=8;
int sLight2=7;
int sLight3=6;
int sLight4=5;

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(sensor1,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(sensor2,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(sensor3,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(sensor4,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(sLight1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(sLight2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(sLight3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(sLight4,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
perform();
}

void perform(){
if(digitalRead(sensor1)==HIGH){
digitalWrite(sLight1,HIGH);

31
 }else{
digitalWrite(sLight1,LOW);
}

if(digitalRead(sensor2)==HIGH){
digitalWrite(sLight2,HIGH);

}
else{
digitalWrite(sLight2,LOW);
}

if(digitalRead(sensor3)==HIGH){
digitalWrite(sLight3,HIGH);

}else{
digitalWrite(sLight3,LOW);
}

if(digitalRead(sensor4)==HIGH){
digitalWrite(sLight4,HIGH);
}else{
digitalWrite(sLight4,LOW);

}
}

32
CHAPTER 5
SNAPSHOTS

33
5.1 Prototype Image:

Fig 5.1 picture of automated street light 1

34
Fig 5.2 picture of automated street light 2

35
Fig 5.3 picture of automated street light 3
36
Fig 5.4 picture of automated street light 4

37
5.2 Advantages:
 Solar street light are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the operation costs are minimized.
 Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to conventional street lights.
 Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized.
 This is a non-polluting source of electricity.
 Separate parts of solar system can be easily carried to the remote areas

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 Conclusion
By using Smart Street light, one can save surplus amount of energy which is done by replacing sodium
vapor lamps by LED and adding an additional feature for security purposes. It prevents unnecessary
wastage of electricity, caused due to manual switching of streetlights when it’s not required. It
provides an efficient and smart automatic streetlight control system with the help of IR sensors. It can
reduce the energy consumption and maintains the cost. The system is versatile, extendable and totally
adjustable to user needs.The system is now used only for One way traffic in highways.Continuous uses
of LDR and IR sensors even in day time.The Smart light system can be further extended to make the
current system in two- way traffic, making the system more flexible in case of rainy days and
introduction of ways to control the lights through GSM based service.

Future Work:
 This system can be used for only two way traffic. A highway might be covered by this system on dual
system installation on both side.
 The system does not have any automatic fault detector.
 Pole damage detection with the addition of suitable sensor can be implemented.
 An online app using blink as to be implemented to control each street light.

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 References:
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2. Website:www.ijircce.com Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2017
3. Smart Street Light Using Arduino Uno Microcontroller
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movement using sensor
5. K.Santha Sheela,S.Padmadevi, Survey on Street Lighting System Based On Vehicle Movements
6. Srikanth M, Sudhakar K N,ZigBee Based Remote Control Automatic Street Light System
7. M.Abhishek, Syed ajram shah, K.Chetan, K,Arun Kumar, Design and implementation of traffic
flow based street light control system with effective utilization of solar energy, International
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LED modules", Optoelectronics IET, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 40-46, February 2009.
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