PIONEER INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL

STUDIES
Synopsis
Of
Major Research Project
on
“A STUDY ON ABSENTEESIM OF WORKERS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
CADBURY INDIA LTD”

SUBMITED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

PROF. VASUNDHRA LAAD NANDA TANDON
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

“Absenteeism” is a practice or a habit of being an “absence” and an

“absentee” is one who habitually stays away.
- WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY

According to PICOARS AND MAYERS: Unexpected absence disturbs

the efficiency of the group as the jobs are inter connected, if one single
man remains absent without prior notice the whole operation process is
distributed. This Absenteeism results in production losses because, due to
Absenteeism, workers cost increases and thus efficiency of operations is
affected.

Causes of Absenteeism
The following are the general causes of the Absenteeism

1. Maladjustment with the working conditions:

If the working conditions of the company are poor, the workers cannot
adjust themselves with the company’s working conditions. Then they prefer to
stay away from the company.
2. Social and religious ceremonies:
Social & religious functions divert the workers attention from the
work.
3. Unhealthy working conditions
The poor and intolerable working conditions in the factories irritate
the working excess heat, noise, either too much or too low lighting, poor
ventilation, dust, smoke cause poor health of the workers. This factory
causes the workers to be absent.

4. Poor welfare facilities

Though a no of legislation concerning welfare facilities are enacted,
many organizations fail to provide welfare facilities. This is either due to
the poor financial position of the companies (or) due to the exploitative
attitude of the employs. The welfare facilities includes poor sanitation,
washing, bathing first aid appliances, ambulance, restrooms drinking
water, canteen, shelter, crèches etc.. The dissatisfied worker with these
facilities prefers to be away from the workplace.
5. Alcoholism
Workers mostly prefer to spend money on the consumption of liquor and
enjoyment after getting the wages. Therefore, the rate of absenteeism is
more during the first week every month
6. Low wages
The low level wages and unplanned expenditure of the workers force then
to borrow heavily. The research studies indicate that workers borrow
more than 10 times of their net pay. Consequently workers fail to repay
the money. Then they try to escape the place in order to avoid the money
lenders. This leads to absenteeism.
7. Maladjustment with job demands
The fast enhancing technology demand higher level skills from the workers
fail to meet these demands due to their lower level education and/or
absenteeism of training.
8. Unsound personnel policies
The improper and unrealistic personnel policies result in employee
dissatisfaction. The dissatisfied employee in tune prefers to be away
from the work.
9. Inadequate leave facilities
The inadequate leave facilities provided by the employer forces him to
depend on ESI leave which allows the workers to be away from the work
for 56 days in a year on half pay.
CADBURY INDIA LTD.
COMPANY OVERVIEW

Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidy of Kraft Foods Inc. The combination of
Kraft Foods and Cadbury creates a global powerhouse in snacks ,confectionery,
and quick meals .
With annual revenues of approximately $50 billion, the combined company is
the world’s second largest food company , making delicious products for
billions of consumers in more than 160 countries .They employ approx 140,000
people and have operations in more than 70 countries.

Cadbury’s main purpose is “ make today delicious” captures the spirit of what
they are trying to achieve as a business. They make delicious foods we can feel
good about.

Currently , Cadbury India operates in four categories viz. Chocolate

confectionery , milk food drinks, candy and gum category. In the Chocolate
Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over
the years. Some of the key brands in India are 5 Star, dairy milk , celebrations
etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Theoretical background of the Topic:

Absenteeism has been variously defined by the Authorities from time to time.
Thus the term Absenteeism refers to the workers absence from his regular task,
when he is scheduled to work. Any employees stay away from work if he has
taken leave to which he is entitled or on the grounds of sickness or some
accident without any previous sanction of leave.
Nevertheless usually, involuntary lay off, lack of work, authorized leave or
vacation period of work stoppage are not counted as absence. Strikes, lock outs
and late attendance are treated as absence.

Muhammed Muqtada :
The present study seeks to break the silence and understand the impact of sexual
harassment on women employed in industrial wage work. Given the lacuna in
existing literature, the study is exploratory in nature. The aim is to open up
questions for further research, as well as build on the existing information base.
As such, a major objective is to go beyond statistics and fill gaps in knowledge
by tapping into the everyday experiences of women workers.

Nicky Stanley

The findings made by nicky stenley confirm the literature on the stresses
of social work and provide an account of the ways in which the social
workers sought to reconcile their mental health needs with their
mental health needs with social work agencies to support social workers who
are experiencing depression. Athealth problems to remain in or return to work,
the experiences of those social.
S. COLLINS
During his research he came to know that employee absenteeism as a form of
withdrawal behavior apart from turnover. Studies examining the psychometric
properties of absence measures are reviewed, along with the relationship
between absenteeism and personal, attitudinal, and organizational variables.
Studies exploring the relationship between absenteeism and turnover are
examined according to the unit of analysis studied in the research.
Programmatic efforts to reduce employee absenteeism are also reviewed.
Throughout the paper emphasis is placed on the indices used by investigators to
measure absenteeism, and the problems that have arisen in the literature through
the use of multiple indicators of absenteeism. The review concludes with
suggestions for research that are of both theoretical and practical concern.
Rationale of the study
Study of Absenteeism among Industrial Worker is not only from view point of
but it is important from the view point of moral of employees. Even though the
effect of the good morale of employees, may not be calculated in terms of costs,
but it should be said that, it is important than cost.

There is a clear relationship between high absenteeism and employees

moral, because it can easily traced that these department having high rate of
absenteeism have low moral.

There is a clear relationship between employee’s attitude & absenteeism.

They are related to each other. So employee’s attitude & morale are the
important factors. Labors is Human Factor, therefore consideration shall also be
taken into account in the discussion of problem connected in the absenteeism
has been continuous to be one of the major labors problem in Indian Industries.

As “No work No pay” is usually the general rule, the loss to workers
absenteeism is quite obvious when the workers fail to attend to the regular
work, there income is reduced and the workers become still poorer. Hence,
Health and efficiency of the worker is affected by the irregularity of the workers
attendance.

The loss of employees and industry is due to absenteeism is still greater

and both efficiency and discipline suffer the maintenance of additional workers
leads to serious implications.

Thus the above discussions show how the problem of absenteeism is very
important to the organization. So, I have selected this problem of study.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The Study aims at assessing the absenteeism in workers.

 To find out the rate of Absenteeism in Cadbury

 To find out causes of Absenteeism & suggest remedies to reduce it.

 To identify the factor’s to control the rate of Absenteeism

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

This is the technique followed in social research on any subject.

The research has selected the subject: “A Study of Absenteeism of workers in
Nutrine Confectionary Company Ltd.”

Research Design:
The process starts after selection of the topic Research Design denotes the
planning of the research study by which the researcher followed the below
mentioned methods and techniques.

Data Collection:
Data Collected from primary and secondary data/sources.
Primary Data: Asking questions with employees and workers personally.
Secondary Data: Collecting the data from reference books and past records.

Sampling Methods:
Sampling method used for this study is non- probability convenience sampling.
According to my convenience the total samples interviewed

Tools for Data Collection

Questionnaire
A questionnaire is simply a paper sheet (or) a few paper sheets containing
a no of questions printed (or) cyclostyled. These questions usually are very
carefully drafted keeping in view the main object, nature and scope of problem
under investigation.
 Expected outcome

From the study it has expected that there are many factors influencing the
workers absenteeism, some of them are as follows.

1. The habit of Alcoholism among workers is significant cause of

Absenteeism,
2. Some may be absent because of ill health family member’s health and
unexpected work etc.
3. Most of the employees may face personal problem it can also be a reason
for absenteeism.
4. Some of them can be absent because of Boredom in doing assigned job.
5. While in workers above 55 years old, the absenteeism is least because they
are going to retire in a few months (or) days.

References
Bibliography

Personal Mgt - C.B.Mamoria & Gankar.

Research Methodology - C.R.Kothari.
Industrial Relation &
Personal Mgt - P.Tirupathi.
Dynamics of Industrial
Relations - C.B.Mamoria & Gankar.

Webliography

1. www.cadburyindialtd.com
2. www.prenhall.com
3. www.indiamart.com
4. www.tradeindia.com