PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES

WO2010 A

NAME:

DATE:
 Well Control International
Principles and Procedures 2011 A

1) From Top to bottom a 12000 ft TVD hole is filled with:

From 0 to 6500 ft TVD with a mud of 9.5 ppg
From 6500 to 8000 ft TVD a mud with a gradient of 0.530 psi/ft.
From 8000 to bottom TVD a mud weight og 11.0 ppg.
Calculate the Hydrostatic pressure o bottom.

___________ psi.

________________________________________________________________

2) Calculate the equivalent mud weigth at the cassing shoe depth of 3120 ft
(MD) and 3005 ft (TVD), when the Well is shutted in, with the next data:
Present mud weight: 8.8 ppg
SIDPP : 275 psi
SICP: 375 psi
Hole MD: 5600 ft.
Hole TVD : 5445 ft.

____________ ppg

__________________________________________________________________________
3) The pressure /pump speed relationship is best described in the following
way:
A. Pressures increases when speed drops.
B. Pressure increases or decreases by the change in pump speed, squared.
C. Pressure drops when speed changes.
D. None of the above.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) Swab and surge pressure cannot be avoided but can be minimized by:

A. Speeding up movement of pipe.

B. Adding pressure to the annulus.
C. Slowing the speed of movement of string
D. Adjusting mud weight.

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5) Why is bottom hole pressure greater when we are circulating than when we
are tripping?

A. Bottom hole pressure does not change just because we are tripping.

B. Because we pump a slug before tripping.

C. Because when we stop pumping there is no annular friction pressure

exerted on the well.

D. Because we are we are constantly slacking off the workstring.

E. Because the forces applied by BHA weight and power swivel add to
bottom hole pressure.

__________________________________________________________________________
6) Which statement below best defines equivalent circulating density (ECD)?

A. The casing pressure plus pressure loss;

B. Drillpipe pressure plus pressure loss minus casing pressure;
C. Casing pressure plus pressure loss minus pump pressure;
D. Annular friction loss expressed as a mud weight plus the density of the
fluid in the well.
____________________________________________________________________

7) With regard to well control, select the best definition of bottom hole
pressure.

A. The total of friction pressure and casing pressure.

B. The total of friction pressure and shut in tubing pressure.

C. The total of all the pressures exerted on the bottom of a well.

D. Pore pressure.

E. The total of hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure.

__________________________________________________________________________

8) The pressure gradient is a measure of the rate of change in fluid density for
a given distance.

A. True
B. False.

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9) Bottomhole pressure drops when the pump is shut off.Why?

A. Frictional forcé drops to nothing.

B. Crculation slows slightly
C. Frictional pressure increases.
D. None of the above.
_____________________________________________________________________________

10) How will each of the following affect the pumping pressure?
Use the letter “I” for increase, letter “D”for decrease and letters “NE” for no
effect .

A. Faster strokes per minute. ______

B. Slower strokes per minute. ______
C. Larger nozzles. ______
D. Higher mud weight. ______
E. Lower mud weight. ______
__________________________________________________________________________
11) Calculate the missing information below on rows A, B and C.

_____________________________________________________________________________

12) Formation pressure is 8,700 psi at 14,000 ft.

How many psi overbalance will you be if the hole was full of 12.2 ppg
mud?

__________ psi

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 13) At morning report time on Monday a well’s TVD was 12000 ft. The mud
weight was 12.2 ppg. By Wednesday morning the depth had been
extended to 12200 ft TVD. No weight material was added to the mud
system over this period so the mud weight reported on Wednesday was
12.0 ppg. What was the difference in hydrostatic pressure between
Monday and Wednesday?

A. 127 psi
B. 125 psi
C. 2.08 psi
D. 12.7 psi
E. The hydrostatic pressure was the same on both days.
__________________________________________________________________________

14) Which of the following slow circulating rates looks incorrect, if at 20 spm you
have 250 psi?

A. At 30 spm pressure is approximately 560 psi.

B. At 40 spm pressure is approximately 750 psi.
C. At 50 spm pressure is approximately 1550 psi.
__________________________________________________________________________
15) Bottom hole pressure is the sum, or total of all the forces exerted downward;
toward the bottom of a well. Calculate the bottom hole pressure in the well
described below.

Depth: 3780 ft TVD, 14960 ft MD

Mud weight: 16.7 ppg
Pit gain: 16 bbls

SIDPP: 320 psi

SICP: 740 psi

A. 11967 psi
B. 12287 psi
C. 12707 psi
D. 12991 psi
E. 13731 psi
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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16) When there is la lost circulation problem in a well , a kick will always
happen?

A. No, depends on the mud hydrostatic pressure left in the annular and
the formation pressure .
B. No, depends of the drill string weight reduction.
C. Yes, there always a kick will happen.
D. No, a kick will never happen.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

17) Which of the following is “not” a warning sign that the well may be kicking?

A. Increase in flow rate

B. Gain in the pits;
C. Increase in pump pressure;
D. Hole not taking proper amount of fill on trip out.
_______________________________________________________________________
18) Which of the following is usually the first indicator that the well may be trying
to kick during a trip out of the hole?

A. The hole takes less fluid than it did on previous trips after pulling out the
same amount of pipe, and/or the hole takes less fluid than the calculated
volume;
B. The hole takes more than the calculated volume to fill;
C. There is a gain of fluid in the pits;
D. The hole takes fluid equal to pipe displacement.
______________________________________________________________________

19) A drilling break occurs, you check for flow and it is negative. One hour
later the mud returning is gas cut. You check for flow and it is negative.

What has happened?

A. Well is kicking.

B. Less porous formation.

C. High pressure high volume formation.

D. Gas is liberated from the drilled formation.

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20) You have pulled and stood back two stands of 8 inch drill collars out of the
hole. A stand of drill collars is 93 feet. The displacement is 0.0549 bbls/ft.
According to you assistant Driller 5.1 bbls should be pumped into the well. It
only takes 5.0 bbls to fill the hole.

Answer YES or NO to each of the following statements.

A. Are the calculations correct? _______

B. Have you taken a 5.0 bbls influx? _______

C. All ok, keep going. _______

____________________________________________________________________

21) Flowing sensors give an instant indication of any change in flow rate.

A. True

B. False

Use the next data for questions 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,27,28,29,30

10.6 ppg mud weight in use at time of kick.

à Leak-off pressure was 820 psi with 10.0 ppg mud.

Pump Output: 5.0 gal/stroke

Slow Circulating Rate: 35 spm
Slow Circulating Pressure: 330 psi

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22) What is the fracture gradient at the casing shoe?

_________ psi/ft

_____________________________________________________________________________

23) What is the MAASP with current mud weight?

____________ psi
____________________________________________________________________________

24) What kill weight mud is required to balance the formation pressure?

____________ ppg

_____________________________________________________________________________

25) How many strokes will it take to displace the drill string?

__________ stks
_____________________________________________________________________________

26) What is the open hole annular volume?

_____________ bbls

_____________________________________________________________________________

27) How many strokes will it take to circulate from the bit to the surface?

____________ stks

_____________________________________________________________________________

28) How many hours and minutes will it take to circulate total hole volume?

_______ hr ________ min

_____________________________________________________________________________

29) What is the initial circulating pressure?

________________ psi

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30) What is the equivalent mud weight at the casing shoe at stabilized shut in
pressures

__________ ppg

_____________________________________________________________________________

31) Which of the following is true regarding liquid kicks?

A. They migrate just like gas kicks.

B. They do not mix with well fluids.
C. They may contain “ solution” gas.
D. All of the above.
__________________________________________________________________________

32) If formation gas enters a well during drilling operations the standpipe
pressure may decrease for no apparent reason. Why is this so?

A. Because formation fluids are usually more dense than the drilling fluid.

B. Because the formation fluids are usually less dense than the drilling fluid.

C. The kicking fluid should not affect the pump pressure.

D. Because the jet nozzles are much smaller than the annulus.

____________________________________________________________________________

33) You have taken a kick and shut the well in. The active surface volume
while drilling was 200 bbls and the mud return line to the pits contains 20
bbls. The active surface volume is now 240 bbls.

How many barrels of mud have been displaced from the well?

A. 260 bbls
B. 20 bbls
C. 40 bbls
D. 240 bbls

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34) Drill pipe capacity: 0.0178 bbls/ft

Drill pipe metal displacement: 0.007 bbls/ft

Average stand length is 94 ft.

A. Calculate the mud required to fill the hole per stand when pulling dry.

________ bbls

B. Calculate the mud required to fill the hole per stand when pulling wet.

________ bbls
_______________________________________________________________________

35) Complete the following sentence. The larger the gas kick volume…

A. The higher the drillpipe pressure

B. The higher the chloride content of the mud
C. The easier it is to control
D. The higher the casing pressure
E. The higher the drillpipe and casing pressures.

_____________________________________________________________________________

36) A 25 barrel influx was taken at 6,500 ft TVD with 11.2 ppg mud. The
stabilized surface pressures are 230 psi SIDPP and 430 psi SICP. There is
500 ft of 9 1/2 inch drill collars in a 12 1/4 inch open hole.

A. What is the influx gradient?

_______________ psi/ft

B. What type of influx is it?

1) Gas 2) Oil 3) Water 4)Mixture (Gas+Oil + Water)

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37) How much would the hydrostatic pressure be reduced if 90 ft of 6-1/4 in. drill
collars (1-3/4 in. ID) were pulled “ dry” from 8-5/8 in. casing without filling
the annulus? Casing capacity is 0.07263 bbls/ft. Collar capacity is 0.0030
bbl/ft and displacement is 0.0349 bbls/ft. Mud weight is 14.2 ppg.

A. 50 – 52 psi
B. 60 - 62 psi
C. 70 - 72 psi
D. 80 - 82 psi
___________________________________________________________________________

38) How much will a migrating gas bubble expand if it is controlled by correctly
bleeding off fluid using an adjustable choke?

A. The volume of the gas will double halfway up the well and continue to
double at each subsequent halfway point .

B. The volume of the gas will not change.

C. The volume of the gas will be reduced by half halfway up the well and
continue to be reduced by half at each subsequent halfway point.

D. The volume of gas will increase just enough to keep bottomhole pressure
constant .

_____________________________________________________________________

39) While pulling out of the hole it is noticed that mud required to fill the hole is
less than calculated.

What action must be taken?

A. Shut the well in and circulate hole clean.

B. Flow check, if negative continue to pull out of the hole, everything is ok.

C. Flow check, if negative run back to bottom and monitor returns.

D. Flow check, if negative displace a heavy slug into annulus and continue
to pull out of hole.
_____________________________________________________________________________

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40) What is the primary means of preventing kicks?

A. The use of blowout preventers to close in a well that is flowing.

B. The slow circulating rate pressure used in the kill process.
C. The use of mud hydrostatic to balance fluid pressures in the formation.
D. The use of pit volume and flow rate measuring devices to recognize a
kick.
____________________________________________________________________________________

Use the next well data to answer questions : 41 a 50

Measured Depth (MD) 7846 ft.

True Vertical Depth (TVD) 6600 ft.
CASING 13 3/8”
Shoe Depth (MD) 5180 ft.
Shoe Depth (TVD) 4800 ft.
LEAK OFF TEST (LOT)
AT THE CASING SHOE
Test Mud Weight 10.6 ppg
Pressure Test 1000 PSI
Hole Size 12 ¼”
Drill Pipe OD: 5” , 19.5 Lb/ft, Capacity: 0.0177 bbl/ft

DRILL COLLARS OD: 8”,ID:3”,Lenght :530 ft, Capacity : 0.0087 bbl/ft

Annular Capacity : Drill Pipe - Casing 0.1353 bbl/ft

Annular Capacity : Drill Pipe- Open Hole 0.1215 bbl/ft.

Annular Capacity Drill Pipe - Drill Collars - Open Hole: 0.0836 bbl/ft

Shut In data:
- Present Mud Weight : 11.4 ppg (lpg)
- SIDPP = 340 psi
- SICP = 410 psi
Pumps -. National 12P-160 , Output =0.119 bbl/stk

Slow Pump Pressure 440 psi at 30 SPM

Pit Gaing: 12 bbl

The Driler’s Well control method is going to be used.

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41) What is the Kill Mud Weight?

A. 12.2 ppg
B. 11.6 ppg
C. 12.4 ppg
D. 12.6 ppg

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
42) How many strokes are required to pump the Kill Mud Weight from surface to
the bit?

A. 982 stks
B. 1127stks
C. 1167 stks
D. 942 stks
____________________________________________________________________________

43). How many strokes are required to pump from the bit to the casing shoe?

A. 2553 stks.
B. 2210 stks.
C. 3428 stks.
D. 1291 stks.
___________________________________________________________________________

44) What is the total annular volume?

A. 1150 bbl
B. 953 bbl
C. 891 bbl
D. 1005 bbl
_____________________________________________________________________

45) What is the MAASP at the time the well is shut in .

A. 1000 psi
B. 1100 psi
C. 865 psi
D. 800 psi
_____________________________________________________________________

46)What is the new MAASP once the kill mud has been circulated around the
well?

A. 326 psi
B. 550 psi
C. 865 psi
D. 757 psi

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47) What is the initial circulating pressure ?

A. 850 psi
B. 780 psi
C. 1000 psi
D. 480 psi.
____________________________________________________________________________

48) What is the final circulating pressure, once the kill mud has reached the bit?

A. 480 psi
B. 780 psi
C. 405 psi
D. 850 psi
___________________________________________________________________________

49) What is the pressure gradient of the influx?

A. 0.293 psi/ft
B. 0.489 psi /ft
C. 0.105 psi/ ft
D. 0.605 psi/ ft
____________________________________________________________________________

50) Approximately how many minutes will it take to circulate kill mud around the
well (surface to surface) at 30 spm?

A. 4 hours and 45 minutes

B. 5 hours and 20 minutes
C. 4 hours and 30 minutes
D. 6 hours and 30 minutes
___________________________________________________________________________

51) 1. When closed in on a gas kick, why is the casing pressure (SICP) higher
than the pipe pressure (SIDPP)?

A. Because the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus is less than the

hydrostatic pressure in the pipe.

B. Because there is a difference between the formation pressure and the

bottomhole pressure.

C. Because there is a difference between the formation pressure and the

hydrostatic pressure at the casing seat.

D. Because there is a difference between the pit level before and after the
kick was taken.

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 52. Which of the methods below could be used to determine the SIDPP if a kick
is taken while drilling with a backpressure valve (float) in the drillstring?
A. The SIDPP is not needed, use the casing pressure as a guide.
B. Bring the pump to 30 spm while holding the casing pressure constant with
the choke. When the pump rate and the casing pressure are stable, the
circulating pressure will be the SIDPP.
C. Pump carefully into the closed well in stages, observing the increase in
drillpipe pressure. When the check valve opens the drillpipe pressure will
“break back” when pump is stopped and then remain stable at the SIDPP.
D. Begin pumping slowly, holding drillpipe pressure constant with the choke.
When the pump is at the selected rate and the drillpipe pressure is at the
shut-in value, the circulating pressure will be the ICP.
___________________________________________________________________________

53. A gas bubble is migrating up a closed-in well. Which statement is most

nearly true?

A. The casing pressure will rise because the pressure in the bubble is
increasing;
B. The bubble is not expanding therefore bottom hole pressure is
remaining constant;
C. The pressures throughout the well are decreasing, allowing more gas
to enter the well;
D. The pressures throughout the well are increasing.

_____________________________________________________________________________

54. Calculate the kick density and determine the kind of kick with the
following data:

WELL DEPTH : TVD: 12345 FT, MD : 12345 FT

MUD WEIGHT :15.7 PPG
DRILL PIPE: OD= 5 in , ID = 4.276 in.
DRILL COLLARS : OD = 6 ¾ in , ID = 2 ½ in
DRILL COLLARS LENGTH = 790 FT
CASING : 9 5/8 “, Casing Shoe at 3145 ft (MD and TVD)
Hole Size: 8 ¾ “
SIDPP = 375 psi
SICP = 789 psi
Pit Gain = 45 bbl

Kick Density _______________ ppg Type of Kick ____________________________

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55. Both well A and well B have taken a 16 barrel kick at the same depth. The
SICTP on well A is 250 psi and the SIWP is 300 psi. Well B has a SICTP of 250 psi
also, but the SIWP is 450 psi. What could we assume from this information?

A. The formation pressure in well B is greater than in well A.

B. There is not enough information give to make any determinations.
C. Well B will require a higher mud weight to kill the well.
D. Well A probably has a liquid kick.
E. Well B trapped pump pressure when in was shut in.
__________________________________________________________________________

56. A 14 bbl gas kick entered a well at bottom. The open hole is 12-1/4 in. the
drillpipe is 5 in. OD and the BHA consists of 720 ft of 8 in. collars. What is the
approximate height of the kick?

A. 155 – 160 ft
B. 165 – 170 ft
C. 170 –175 ft
D. 175 – 180 ft
E. 180 –185 ft
____________________________________________________________________________
57. Which of the following is not true:

A. If the sides of a container are bulging, it will have a higher hydrostatic

pressure than a cylinder of the same height
B. Liquids seek a common level.
C. Hydrostatic pressure of a fluid depends only on depth and density.
D. Liquid will travel to seek a common level.
_________________________________________________________________________

58. A 25 barrel gas kick was shut in at 10,400 ft TVD. The shut in drill pipe
pressure is 540 psi and the mud weight is 11.6 ppg. The kick length is 808 ft
and has a pressure gradient of 0.107 psi/ft. The drill string is 5 inch drill pipe
and 720 ft of 6 1/2 inch drill collars in a 8 1/2 inch open hole.

What is the approximate shut in casing pressure?

____________ psi

____________________________________________________________________________

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59. The drilling fluid used in a well has a density of 18.6 ppg. How many “dry”
stands (93 ft. per stand) may be pulled before the hydrostatic pressure is
reduced by 75 psi? Casing capacity is 0.05349 bbls/ft and drillpipe
displacement is 0.007593 bbls/ft.

A. 3 stands;
B. 4 stands;
C. 5 stands;
D. 6 stands.

___________________________________________________________________________
60 .Before a trip out of the hole the pits held 590 barrels of 11.8 ppg mud. What
should the pit volume be after tripping out “dry”?

Data:

• 8-1/2 inch open hole

• 9-5/8 inch x 8.835 inch casing
• 640 feet of 6 inch drill collars; capacity 0.0087 bbls/ft; displacement 0.0262
bbls/ft;
• 10230 feet of 4-1/2 inch drillpipe; capacity 0.014219 bbls/ft; displacement
0.00639 bbls/ft
• One stand of drillpipe is 93 feet long.

A. 350 - 360 bbl

B. 430 - 440 bbl
C. 500 - 510 bbl
D. 820– 830 bbl

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