Mapping of information and identification of construction waste at project life cycle

Mochamad Agung Wibowo, Naniek Utami Handayani, Asri Nurdiana, Moh Nur Sholeh, and Gita Silvia
Pamungkas

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020049 (2018); doi: 10.1063/1.5028107

View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5028107
View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1941/1
Published by the American Institute of Physics

Articles you may be interested in

The concept of value stream mapping to reduce of work-time waste as applied the smart construction
management
AIP Conference Proceedings 1903, 070010 (2017); 10.1063/1.5011579

Hardness and microstructure analysis of damaged gear caused by adhesive wear

AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020014 (2018); 10.1063/1.5028072

The influence of chemical methods (acid modification) on elephant foot yam flour to improve physical and
chemical quality on processed food
AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020020 (2018); 10.1063/1.5028078

Numerical analysis for temperature profile of the closed house using computational fluid dynamics
AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020032 (2018); 10.1063/1.5028090

Comparative performance analysis of shunt and series passive filter for LED lamp
AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020029 (2018); 10.1063/1.5028087

The use of additive ceramic hollow spheres on cement slurry to prevent lost circulation in formation ‘X’ having
low pressure fracture
AIP Conference Proceedings 1941, 020028 (2018); 10.1063/1.5028086
 0DSSLQJRI,QIRUPDWLRQDQG,GHQWLILFDWLRQRI
&RQVWUXFWLRQ:DVWHDW3URMHFW/LIH&\FOH
0RFKDPDG$JXQJ:LERZRD1DQLHN8WDPL+DQGD\DQLE$VUL1XUGLDQDF
0RK1XU6KROHKGDQG*LWD6LOYLD3DPXQJNDVH
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
D
DJXQJZLERZR#JPDLOFRP
E
QDQLHNK#JPDLOFRP
F
DVULLQXUGLDQD#JPDLOFRP
G
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUPRKQXUVKROHK#OLYHXQGLSDFLG
H
JLWDYLD#JPDLOFRP

$EVWUDFW 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFW WRZDUGV JUHHQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ LV QHHGHG LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH
HIILFLHQF\ RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFWV 2QH WKDW QHHGV WR EH PLQLPL]HG LV FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZDVWH &RQVWUXFWLRQ ZDVWH LV ZDVWH
JHQHUDWHGIURPFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWDFWLYLWLHVERWKVROLGZDVWHDQGQRQVROLGZDVWH0RUHVSHFLILFDOO\WKHZDVWHKDSSHQV 
DW HYHU\ SKDVH RI WKH SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH 3URMHFW OLIH F\FOH DUH WKH VWDJH RI LGHD GHVLJQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG
RSHUDWLRQPDLQWHQDQFH(DFKSKDVHLVPDQDJHGE\GLIIHUHQWVWDNHKROGHUV7KHUHIRUHLWUHTXLUHVVSHFLDOKDQGOLQJIURPWKH
LQYROYHGVWDNHKROGHUV7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKHVWXG\LVWRPDSWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGLGHQWLI\WKH ZDVWHDWHDFK SKDVHRIWKH
SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH 7KH SXUSRVH RI PDSSLQJ LV WR ILJXUH RXW WKH SURFHVV RI LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG SURGXFW IORZ DQG ZLWK LWV
WLPHOLQH 7KLV PDSSLQJ XVHG 9DOXH 6WUHDP 0DSSLQJ 960 ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ RI ZDVWH ZDV GRQH E\ GLVWULEXWLQJ
TXHVWLRQQDLUH WR UHVSRQGHQWV WR NQRZ WKH ZDVWH DFFRUGLQJ WR RZQHU FRQVXOWDQW SODQQHU FRQWUDFWRU DQG VXSHUYLVRU\
FRQVXOWDQW 7KH UHVXOW RI WKH VWXG\ LV WKH PDSSLQJ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ IORZ DQG SURGXFW IORZ DW WKH SKDVHV RI LGHD GHVLJQ
FRQVWUXFWLRQDQGRSHUDWLRQPDLQWHQDQFH

,1752'8&7,21
,QIUDVWUXFWXUHV LQ FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ FDOOHG DV FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFWV KDYH PDMRU LQIOXHQFH RQ WKH DWWDLQPHQW RI
VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW WKXV WKH SURMHFW VXVWDLQDELOLW\ QHHGV WR EH FRQVLGHUHG 7KLV EHFRPHV D QDWLRQDO LVVXH
SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ WKRVH GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV VXFK DV ,QGRQHVLD ZKHUH D KXJH DPRXQW RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ DUH FXUUHQWO\
SHUIRUPHG DQG UHPDLQHG WR KDSSHQ LQ WKH IXWXUH,Q ,QGRQHVLD SURMHFWV DUH PDQDJHG E\ WKH JRYHUQPHQWWKHQ WKH
FRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\VKRXOGEHDEOHWRSURYLGHWKHVDWLVIDFWLRQWRWKHFRPPXQLW\DVDFXVWRPHU
$VZHNQRZWKDWWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\LVJHQHUDOO\FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\ORZSURGXFWLYLW\FRVWDQGWLPHRYHUUXQV
KLJKIUDJPHQWDWLRQDQGFRQIOLFWFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWULHV7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOVXFFHVVIXODVSHFWVRI
FRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWVXFKDVTXDOLW\DFFXUDF\ORZFRVWULJKWWLPHDQGVXSSO\FKDLQPDQDJHPHQW(QYLURQPHQWDO
SUREOHPV KDYH EHHQ FRQVLGHUHG DV D VHULRXV LVVXH LQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFW 6R ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW LV SUHVVLQJ
KDUGHU ZLWK WKH DODUPLQJ VLJQDO ZDUQLQJ DW WKH SURMHFW FRQVWUXFWLRQ 5HXVH 5HF\FOH DQG 5HGXFH 5 WKH ZDVWHV
FRQVLGHUDVWKHRQO\PHWKRGVWRUHFRYHUWKRVHZDVWH)RUH[DPSOHLQ0DOD\VLDWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\JHQHUDWHV
ORWVRIFRQVWUXFWLRQZDVWHZKLFKFDXVHGLPSDFWVRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGVRFLHW\%HVLGHVLWDURXVHJURZLQJSXEOLF
FRQFHUQ LQ WKH ORFDO FRPPXQLW\ ,Q RWKHU UHVHDUFK ZDVWH FDXVHV YDULDEOHV DQG OHDGV WKH VWDNHKROGHUV VXFK XV
FRQWUDFWRUVDQGFRQVXOWDQVWRIRFXVWKHLUDWWHQWLRQVRQWKHVH LVVXHV LQRUGHUWRUHGXFHWKH LQFLGHQFHRI QRQ YDOXH
DGGLQJDFWLYLWLHVGXULQJWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQSURFHVV

Engineering International Conference (EIC2017)

AIP Conf. Proc. 1941, 020049-1–020049-7; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5028107
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1633-8/$30.00

020049-1
 ,I ZH REVHUYHG LQ WKH FRQVWUXWLRQ DFWLYLWHV FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFW LV JHQHUDOO\ EDVHG RQ WKH 3URMHFW /LIH &\FOH
3/& FRQVLVWLQJ WKH VWHSV RI LGHDV SODQQLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG RSHUDWLRQDOPDLQWHQDQFH ZLWK WKH YDULRXV
VWDNHKROGHUV LQYROYHPHQW (DFK SKDVH RI WKH SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH LV PDQDJHG E\ GLIIHUHQW VWDNHKROGHUV 7KLV FDXVHV
VHSDUDWLRQ RI WKH SURMHFW UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV DQG LI LW LV QRW PDQDJHG SURSHUO\ LW ZLOO FDXVH ZDVWH 0DSSLQJ RI
LQIRUPDWLRQDWHDFKSKDVHRIWKHSURMHFWOLIHF\FOHLVFHUWDLQO\ QHFHVVDU\WRJLYHJHQHUDOLQIRUPDWLRQDQGPLQLPL]H
PLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJV/HDQPDQDJHPHQWPHWKRGLVXVHGIRUDQDO\]LQJWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHDQGGHVLJQLQJDIXWXUHVWDWHIRU
WKHVHULHVRIHYHQWVWKDWWDNHDSURGXFWRUVHUYLFHIURPLWVEHJLQQLQJWKURXJKWRWKHFXVWRPHU2QHWRROIRUPDSSLQJ
WKHLQIRUPDWLRQLV9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJ960 960LVOHDQPDQDJHPHQWPHWKRGIRUDQDO\]LQJWKHFXUUHQWVWDWH
DQGGHVLJQLQJDIXWXUHVWDWHIRUWKHVHULHVRIHYHQWVWKDWWDNHVDSURGXFWRUVHUYLFHIURPLWVEHJLQQLQJWKURXJKWRWKH
FXVWRPHU
,QDGGLWLRQWRPDSSLQJLQIRUPDWLRQWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIZDVWHDWHDFKSKDVHLVDOVRLPSRUWDQW:DVWHPDSSLQJLV
PDGHWRGHWHUPLQHWKHVXFFHVVLQGLFDWRURIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIJUHHQFRQFHSWVLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\7KLVVWXG\
LVDSUHOLPLQDU\UHVHDUFKRIJUHHQ VXSSO\FKDLQ PDQDJHPHQWLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQ LQGXVWU\ WKDW LVVWLOORQJRLQJ7KH
SXUSRVHRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRPDSWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGLGHQWLI\WKHW\SHRIZDVWHJHQHUDWHGDWHDFKSKDVHRIWKHSURMHFW
OLIHF\FOHZLWKYDOXHVWUHDPPDSSLQJPHWKRGWKHQPDSSLQJWKHUHODWLRQVKLSVFKHPHDWHDFKVWDJHRIWKHSURMHFW

/,7(5$785(5(9,(:

3URMHFW/LIH&\FOH
3URMHFWV RQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQGXVWU\ DUH WHPSRUDU\ DQG IROORZLQJ D FHUWDLQ F\FOH FDOOHG WKH SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH
7KLV F\FOH RFFXUV IURP SUH SURMHFW WR SRVW SURMHFW 7KLV F\FOH FRQVLVWV RI VWDJHV RI LGHD WKH SODQQLQJ SKDVH WKH
FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVH DQG WKH RSHUDWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH SKDVH 3URMHFW OLIH F\FOH JHQHUDOO\ GHVFULEHV WKH WHFKQLFDO
ZRUNWRGRLQHDFKSKDVHDQGZKRVKRXOGEHLQYROYHGLQHDFKSKDVH 7KHUHZDVDUHVHDUFKWKDWFRQGXFWHGVHYHUDO
VWXGLHVUHODWHGWRFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWOLIHF\FOHDVIROORZDWWHPSWHGWRGHILQHWKHNQRZOHGJHPDQDJHPHQWPDWXULW\
RQFRQVWUXFWLRQFRPSDQLHV; +RZWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIULVNPDQDJHPHQWLQSURMHFWSHUIRUPDQFHEDVHGFRQWUDFWVRQWKH
WHUPVRIWKHSURMHFWOLIHF\FOHKDGEHHQDQDO\]HG2WKHUVWXGLHVDERXWSURMHFWOLIHF\FOHLQFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWVKDG
DOVREHHQFDUULHGRXWLQEXLOGRSHUDWHWUDQVIHU
$W WKH 3URMHFW /LIH &\FOH 3/& WKHUH ZDV UDUHO\ VWXG\ DERXW FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZDVWH DW WKH HDFK SKDVH
,GHQWLILFDWLRQ ZDVWH ERWK VROLG ZDVWH DQG QRQVROLG ZDVWH RU DGGHG YDOXH DQG QRQ DGGHG YDOXH DUH QHFHVVDU\ LQ
FRQVWUXFWLRQDFWLYLWLHV

&RQVWUXFWLRQ:DVWH
:DVWHLVXQZDQWHGRUXQXVDEOH PDWHULDOV:DVWHLVDQ\VXEVWDQFHZKLFK LVGLVFDUGHGDIWHUSULPDU\ XVHRULWLV
XQXVHG ZRUWKOHVV DQG GHIHFWLYH :KLOH FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZDVWH FRQVLVWV RI XQZDQWHG PDWHULDO SURGXFHG GLUHFWO\ RU
LQFLGHQWDOO\ E\ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ :DVWH LV GLYLGHG WR VROLG ZDVWH DQG QRQVROLG ZDVWH 6ROLG ZDVWH LV JDUEDJH
UHIXVH VOXGJH IURP D ZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQW SODQW ZDWHU VXSSO\ WUHDWPHQW SODQWRU DLU SROOXWLRQ IURP FRQVWUXFWLRQ
UHVLGXH 1RQ VROLG ZDVWH LV ZDVWH LQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG PDQXIDFWXULQJ FDQ EH D GHOD\ RI WLPH ODFN RI VHFXULW\
UHZRUN H[FHVVLYH FRVWV XQQHFHVVDU\ WUDYHO RU WUDQVIHU ORQJ GLVWDQFHV LPSUHFLVLRQ LQ WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI RSHUDWLRQ
PHWKRGVRUPDQDJHPHQWWRROVDQGFDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJWKDWDUHEDG

9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJ
9DOXH 6WUHDP 0DSSLQJ 960 LV NQRZQ DV LQGXVWULDO WRRO 960 LV WKH SURFHVV RI PDSSLQJ WKH PDWHULDO DQG
LQIRUPDWLRQ IORZVRIDOO FRPSRQHQWVDQGVXEDVVHPEOLHV LQD YDOXH VWUHDPWKDW LQFOXGHV VXSSOLHUV PDQXIDFWXULQJ
DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ WR WKH FXVWRPHU 960 LV RQH RI WKH EHVW WRROV WR PDS D SURFHVV DQG WR LGHQWLI\ LWV PDLQ
FULWLFDOLWLHV960KHOSVDFRPSDQ\WRLGHQWLI\DQGHOLPLQDWHZDVWHWKHUHE\ VWUHDPOLQLQJZRUNSURFHVVHVFXWWLQJ
OHDGWLPHVLQFUHDVLQJTXDOLW\DQGUHGXFLQJFRVWV

020049-2
 0(7+2'2/2*<
0DSSLQJ DQG LGHQWLI\LQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZDVWH DWWKH SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH DUH H[SHFWHG WR JDLQ RXWSXWRI WKH FOHDU
ZDVWH GLVWULEXWLRQ EHWZHHQ VWDNHKROGHUV DQG ZDVWH W\SHV WKDW JHQHUDWHG DW HDFK VWDJH RI WKH SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH
7KHUHIRUHWKHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGRORJ\LQWKLVVWXG\ZDVDVIROORZV


,17(59,(:6 48(67,211$,5(
 
x 'LVWULEXWLRQRIZDVWHWR x :DVWHDWWKHLGHDSKDVH
VWDNHKROGHUV x :DVWHDWGHVLJQSKDVH
0HWKRG x :DVWHDWHDFKSKDVHRI x :DVWHDWFRQVWUXFWLRQSKDVH
SURMHFWOLIHF\FOH x :DVWHDWRSHUDWLRQPDLQWHQDQFH
SKDVH

'DWD )DFHWRIDFH )RUPLQWHUYLHZZDVWH

&ROOHFWLRQ )RUPYDOLGDWLRQZDVWH
'DWDUHVXOW
FRPSDUH
'DWD 4XDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VLV 4XDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VLVIRUP
$QDO\VLV EDVHGRQ960FRQFHSW 'RWKHTXHVWLRQQDLUH TXHVWLRQQDLUH
UHVXOWVPDWFKZLWK
WKHLQWHUYLHZV"

),*85(5HVHDUFK0HWKRG

)LJXUHDERYHH[SODLQVWKDWWKHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGXVHGLQWHUYLHZDQGTXHVWLRQQDLUH,QWHUYLHZZRXOGH[SORUHWR
WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQH[SHUWVDERXWWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIZDVWHWRVWDNHKROGHUVDQGDQ\ZDVWHVWKDWH[LVWDWHDFKVWDJHRIWKH
SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH WR VWDNHKROGHUV DQG DQ\ ZDVWHV WKDW H[LVW DW HDFK VWDJH RI WKH SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH :KLOH WKH
TXHVWLRQQDLUH ZRXOG EH XVHIXO WR DVN WKH GHWDLOV DERXW ZDVWH DW WKH VWDJH RI LGHDV GHVLJQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG
RSHUDWLRQPDLQWHQDQFH WR WKH UHVSRQGHQWV 5HVSRQGHQWV DUH WKH RZQHU FRQWUDFWRU FRQVXOWDQW RI SODQQLQJ DQG
VXSHUYLVRU\FRQVXOWDQWLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFW3URMHFWVDPSOHVWDNHQRQJRYHUQPHQWSURMHFWVFRQWDLQHGLQ-DYD
,QGRQHVLD %RWK WKH UHVXOWV RI WKLV GDWD FROOHFWLRQ ZDV DQDO\]HG E\ 9DOXH 6WUHDP 0DSSLQJ 960 DQG FRPSDUHG
ZKHWKHURUQRWWKHUHVXOWVRITXHVWLRQHUPDWFKZLWKWKHLQWHUYLHZ

5(68/7 ',6&866,21

,GHQWLILFDWLRQRI&RQVWUXFWLRQ:DVWHDW3URMHFW/LIH&\FOH
7KH JUHHQ FRQFHSW LQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFW PXVW EH LQLWLDWHG IURP WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH SURMHFW 7KH
HQYLURQPHQWIULHQGO\FRQFHSWVKRXOG EHDSSOLHG IURPWKH EHJLQQLQJWRWKHHQGSKDVHRUIURPWKH XSVWUHDPWRWKH
GRZQVWUHDP
7KHFRQFHSWRIJUHHQFDQEHLQWHUSUHWHGDVDFRQFHSWWKDWPLQLPL]HVZDVWH:DVWHLQDFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWPXVW
EHLGHQWLILHGLQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHKDQGOLQJVWHSV,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIZDVWHDWHDFKVWDJHRISURMHFWOLIHF\FOHEDVHG
RQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIRZQHUSODQQHUFRQVXOWDQWFRQWUDFWRUVXSHUYLVRUFRQVXOWDQW7KHZDVWH LGHQWLILFDWLRQUHVXOWV
IURPSUHYLRXVUHVHDUFKDUHDVIROORZV

 

020049-3
 7$%/(:DVWHDW&RQVWUXFWLRQ3URMHFW/LIH&\FOH
7KH,PSDFWRI
3KDVHV 3HUVSHFWLYH :DVWH
4XDOLW\ 7LPH &RVW
,GHD 2ZQHU 7KHOHQJWKRIWKHGRLQJWLPHIRUPDQ\ ¥  ¥
VWDNHKROGHUVLQYROYHGDQGDORWRILQWHUHVW
'HVLJQ 2ZQHU :DLWLQJWLPHIURPWKHGHVLJQSODQQHU ¥  ¥
8QVNLOOHGSODQQHU ¥ ¥ 
3ODQQHU 8QVNLOOHGSODQQHU ¥ ¥ ¥
FRQVXOWDQW 3ULPDU\GDWDDQGVHFRQGDU\GDWDDUHQRW ¥ ¥ ¥
PDWFK
7KHZDLWLQJWLPHIRUDORQJVXUYH\SURFHVV ¥  
6FRSHRIZRUNLVXQFOHDU ¥ ¥ ¥
&RQVWUXFWLRQ 2ZQHU 7KHZRUNLVQRWZLWKLQVSHFLILFDWLRQV ¥ ¥ ¥
,QHIILFLHQWPHHWLQJ ¥  ¥
'HOD\WKHSURJUHVVRIZRUN ¥  ¥
/DERUFRPSHWHQFLHVSURPLVHGQRWPHW ¥ ¥ 
2QHRIWKHSDUWLHVKDVEDGSHUIRUPDQFH ¥  
)UHTXHQWGHVLJQFKDQJHV ¥  ¥
&RQWUDFWRU ([FHVVLYHSURGXFWLRQ ¥  ¥
8QQHFHVVDU\SURFHVVHV ¥  ¥
7KHZDLWLQJWLPHRIDUULYDORIPDWHULDOVDQG ¥  ¥
WRROV
7KHZDLWLQJWLPHIURPSUHYLRXVZRUN ¥  ¥
8QQHFHVVDU\PRYHPHQW ¥  ¥
,PSURSHUGHVLJQ ¥  ¥
7KHZDLWLQJWLPHEHFDXVHWKHGHVLJQKDV
¥  ¥
QRWEHHQFRPSOHWHG
'HVLJQFKDQJHV ¥  ¥
2QHRIWKHSDUWLHVKDVEDGSHUIRUPDQFH ¥  ¥
6XSHUYLVRU 7KHZDLWLQJWLPHMREVIURPFRQWUDFWRUV ¥  
FRQVXOWDQW 8QQHFHVVDU\PRYHPHQW ¥ ¥ 
2QHRIWKHSDUWLHVKDVEDGSHUIRUPDQFH ¥ ¥ 
2SHUDWLRQ 2ZQHU 7KHEXLOGLQJ
VSHUIRUPDQFHLVQRWVXLWDEOH ¥ ¥ ¥
0DLQWHQDQFH ZLWKWKHSODQQLQJ
4XDOLW\EXLOGLQJLVQRWPDWFKZLWK  ¥ 
VSHFLILFDWLRQV

:DVWHDWHDFKVWDJHRIWKHSURMHFWOLIHF\FOHLVDVLQ7DEOHDERYH(DFKZDVWHKDVDQLPSDFWRQFRVWWLPHDQG
TXDOLW\7KHZDVWHDWWKHLGHDVWDJHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHRZQHULVWKHOHQJWKRIWLPHRIH[HFXWLRQIRUPDQ\VWDNHKROGHUV
LQYROYHG DQG PXFK LQ GHPDQG 7KH ZDVWH DW WKH GHVLJQ VWDJH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH RZQHU LV WKH ZDLWLQJ WLPH RI WKH
GHVLJQSODQQHUDQGWKHXQVNLOOHGNLOOHGSODQQHU0HDQZKLOHDFFRUGLQJWRSODQQHUFRQVXOWDQW7KH\DUHDQXQVNLOOHG
H[SHUWSODQQHUSULPDU\GDWDDQGVHFRQGDU\GDWDDUHQRWDSSURSULDWHZDLWLQJWLPHIRUDORQJVXUYH\SURFHVVDQGWKH
VFRSHRIZRUNLVQRWFOHDU
:DVWH DW WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ VWDJH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH RZQHU LV WKH ZRUN LV QRW ZLWKLQ VSHFLILFDWLRQV LQHIILFLHQW
PHHWLQJGHOD\WKHSURJUHVVRIZRUNODERUFRPSHWHQFLHVSURPLVHGQRWPHWRQHRIWKHSDUWLHVLVEDGSHUIRUPDQFH
DQG IUHTXHQWGHVLJQFKDQJHV :KHUHDVDFFRUGLQJ WRWKHFRQWUDFWRUWKHZDVWHLVH[FHVVLYHSURGXFWLRQXQQHFHVVDU\
SURFHVVHVWKHZDLWLQJWLPHRIFDXVHG E\WKHSUHYLRXVZRUNXQQHFHVVDU\ PRYHPHQWLPSURSHUGHVLJQWKHZDLWLQJ
WLPH EHFDXVH WKH GHVLJQ KDV QRW EHHQ FRPSOHWHG GHVLJQ FKDQJHV RQH RI WKH SDUWLHV KDV EDG SHUIRUPDQFH
0HDQZKLOH DFFRUGLQJ WR VXSHUYLVRU FRQVXOWDQW WKH ZDVWH LV WKH ZDLWLQJ WLPH MREV IURP FRQWUDFWRUV XQQHFHVVDU\
PRYHPHQWRQHRIWKHSDUWLHVKDVEDGSHUIRUPDQFH
:DVWH DW WKH VWDJH RI RSHUDWLRQ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH RZQHU LV WKH EXLOGLQJ
V SHUIRUPDQFH LV QRW
VXLWDEOHZLWKWKHSODQQLQJDQGTXDOLW\EXLOGLQJLVQRWLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKVSHFLILFDWLRQV
7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQZDVWHPDSSLQJEDVHGRQWKHSDUWLHVLQYROYHGDWHDFKVWDJHZLWKWKHZDVWHWKDWRFFXUVLV
WKDWHDFKVWDNHKROGHUNQRZVZKDWZDVWHRFFXUVDWWKDWVWDJHVRWKH\FDQSUHSDUHHDUO\WRDQWLFLSDWHZDVWH2ZQHU

020049-4
ZLOOEHSUHSDUHGWRDQWLFLSDWHZDVWHDWDOOVWDJHVIURPLGHDWRRSHUDWLRQDQGPDLQWHQDQFH3ODQQLQJFRQVXOWDQWVZLOO
EH SUHSDUHG WR DQWLFLSDWH ZDVWH DW WKH GHVLJQ VWDJH 7KH &RQWUDFWRU ZLOO SUHSDUH WR DQWLFLSDWH ZDVWH DW WKH
FRQVWUXFWLRQVWDJH:KLOHWKHVXSHUYLVRU\FRQVXOWDQWZLOOEHSUHSDUHGWRDQWLFLSDWHZDVWHDWWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQVWDJH

0DSSLQJ&RQVWUXFWLRQ:DVWHDW3URMHFW/LIH&\FOH
960 LVWKHSURFHVVRI PDSSLQJWKH PDWHULDODQG LQIRUPDWLRQ IORZVRI DOOFRPSRQHQWVDQGVXEDVVHPEOLHV LQD
YDOXHVWUHDP$IWHUWKHZDVWHZDVLGHQWLILHGWKHQUHVHDUFKHUVFRQGXFWHGDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHZDVWHIORZDWHDFKVWDJH
RI3/&VRLWFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGWKHKDQGOLQJVWHSVWRUHGXFHZDVWH
7KH UHVXOWV RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZDVWH PDSSLQJ DW HDFK VWDJH RI SURMHFW OLIH F\FOH XVLQJ 9DOXH 6WUHDP 0DSSLQJ
960PHWKRGDUHDVIROORZ


),*85(9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJDW,GHD3KDVH

)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQIORZDQGSURMHFWIORZDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHZRUNWLPHOLQH,QIRUPDWLRQIORZDW
WKHLGHDVWDJHVWDUWVIURPWKHLQVWLWXWLRQWRWKHWHFKQLFDOWHDPWRWKHRZQHU:KLOHWKHSURMHFWIORZVWDUWVZKHQWKH
RZQHUSHUIRUPVDQDQDO\VLVRISODQRILQVWLWXWLRQWKHQWKHGLVFXVVLRQZLWKWHFKQLFDOWHDPDQGGHWHUPLQHWKHSURMHFW


),*85(9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJDW'HVLJQ3KDVH

020049-5
 )LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQIORZDQGSURMHFWIORZDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHZRUNWLPHOLQH,QIRUPDWLRQ IORZDW
WKHGHVLJQVWDJHVWDUWVIURPWKHRZQHUWRWKHWHFKQLFDOWHDPWKHQWRWKHSODQQLQJFRQVXOWDQW:KLOHWKHSURMHFWIORZ
VWDUWVZKHQWKHFRQVXOWDQWRISODQQLQJSHUIRUPVWKHSULPDU\DQGVHFRQGDU\VXUYH\$IWHUWKDWWKHWHFKQLFDOWHDPZLOO
GRGHVLJQDQGFRQVXOWDWLRQRUUHYLVLRQ6RWKHSODQQLQJGRFXPHQWVFDQEHVXEPLWWHGWRWKHRZQHU

 
),*85(9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJDW&RQVWUXFWLRQ3KDVH

)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQIORZDQGSURMHFWIORZDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHZRUNWLPHOLQH,QIRUPDWLRQIORZDW
WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQVWDJHVWDUWVIURPWKHRZQHUWRWKHVXSHUYLVRU\FRQVXOWDQWWKHQWRWKHFRQWUDFWRU7KHQWKHFRQWUDFWRU
FRQGXFWVZRUNRISUHSDUDWLRQZRUNRIIRXQGDWLRQVWUXFWXUDOZRUNWKHQIROORZHGE\ILQLVKLQJVWDJHLQSURMHFWIORZ
$OODFWLYLWLHVDUHVXSHUYLVHGE\VXSHUYLVRU\FRQVXOWDQWV

),*85(9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJDW2SHUDWLRQ 0DLQWHQDQFH3KDVH

)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHLQIRUPDWLRQIORZDQGSURMHFWIORZDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHZRUNWLPHOLQH,QIRUPDWLRQIORZDW
RSHUDWLRQDQGPDLQWHQDQFHVWDJHVWDUWVIURPRZQHUWRVXSHUYLVRU\FRQVXOWDQWWKHQWRFRQWUDFWRU,QWKHSURMHFWIORZ
WKHFRQWUDFWRUZLOOFKHFNWKHEXLOGLQJDQGPDLQWHQDQFHDVVLVWHGE\VXSHUYLVRU\FRQVXOWDQW
)URPWKHIRXUVWDJHVRIWKHOLIHF\FOHSURMHFWPDSSHGZLWK9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJH[SODLQVWKDWHDFKVWDJHKDV
GLIIHUHQW IORZ LQIRUPDWLRQ SURMHFW IORZ DQG WLPHOLQH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH UHVSRQGHQWV WKLV GLIIHUHQFH UDLVHV WKH
SRWHQWLDOZDVWHLILWLVQRWPDQDJHGSURSHUO\:DVWHWKDWRFFXUVFDQDULVHIURPHDFKVWDNHKROGHU

020049-6
 &21&/86,216
:DVWH UHSUHVHQWV DQ LQHYLWDEOH LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZRUN +RZHYHU ZDVWH FDQ EH LGHQWLILHG DQG PLQLPL]HG :DVWH
LGHQWLILFDWLRQUHVXOWVVKRZWKDWZDVWHRFFXUVDWDOO VWDJHVRIWKH OLIHF\FOHSURMHFW:DVWHWKDWRFFXUVEDVHGRQWKH
YLHZVRIVWDNHKROGHUVDUHRZQHUFRQVXOWDQWSODQQHUFRQWUDFWRUDQGFRQVXOWDQWSODQQHU7KLVZDVWHZLOOWKHQEHXVHG
DVDUHIHUHQFHLQPLQLPL]LQJWKHIXWLOLW\LQFRQVWUXFWLRQZRUN
2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHPDSSLQJRISURMHFWOLIHF\FOHXVLQJ9DOXH6WUHDP0DSSLQJPHWKRGVKRZVWKDWHDFKVWDJH
KDV GLIIHUHQW IORDWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ SURMHFW IORZ DQG WLPHOLQH 7KLV GLIIHUHQFH LV FDXVHG E\ GLIIHUHQW DFWLYLWLHV DQG
GLIIHUHQW VWDNHKROGHUV ,W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW PDSSLQJ E\ 960 ZLOO EH DEOH WR KHOS DOO VWDNHKROGHUV WR ILJXUH RXWWKH
SURMHFWOLIHF\FOHSLFWXUHLQJHQHUDO7KHYDOXHVWUHDPPDSFRQQHFWHGZDVWHDWHYHU\SKDVHZRXOGKHOSVWDNHKROGHUV
WRVHHZDVWHRYHUDOO
7KLV VWXG\ LV RQ JRLQJ UHVHDUFK DQG DOVR VWLOO QHHG PRUH GDWD DQG UHVSRQGHQWV 7KH IXWXUH VWXG\ PD\EH FDQ
H[SORUHDJDLQWKHVPRRWKFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHHQSURMHFWOLIHF\FOHLQYDOXHVWUHDPPDSSLQJDQGZDVWHWKDWRFFXUHGWR
PLQLPL]HGWKHVHZDVWH$QHZPRGHOFDQEHGHYHORSHG

5()(5(1&(6
 /<6KHQ9:<7DP/7DPDQG<%-L-&OHDQ3URG
 -%<DQJDQG6&3HQJ%XLOG(QYLURQ
 ;;XH<:DQJ46KHQDQG;<XInt. J. Proj. Manag.
 0$:LERZRDQG016KROHK3URFHGLD(QJ
 9:7DPDQG&07DPResour Conserv Recycl. 
 5$%HJXP&6LZDU--3HUHLUDDQG$+-DDIDUResour Conserv Recycl.
 6$OZL.'+DPSVRQDQG6$0RKDPHG1RQYDOXHDGGLQJDFWLYLWLHV$FRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RI,QGRQHVLDQ
DQG $XVWUDOLDQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFWV ,Q10th of the International Group of Lean Construction Conference
*UDPDGR%UD]LO
 0$:LERZR18+DQGD\DQL$1XUGLDQDDQG016KROHKAdv. Sci. Lett.
 .0DUWLQDQG02VWHUOLQJ9DOXHVWUHDPPDSSLQJ(VWDGRV8QLGRVGH$PpULFD6KLQJR,QVWLWXWH
 0 5RWKHU DQG - 6KRRN
/HDUQLQJ WR VHH YDOXH VWUHDP PDSSLQJ WR DGG YDOXH DQG HOLPLQDWH PXGD /HDQ
(QWHUSULVH,QVWLWXWH
 0$:LERZRDQG5:DOX\R3URFHGLD(QJ
 +37VHUQJ6</<LQ5-']HQJ% :RX0'7VDL DQG :<&KHQAutomat. Constr. 

 <;HQLGLVDQG'$QJHOLGHVConstr. Manage. Eco. 
 -)UHLUHDQG/)$ODUFyQJ. Constr. Eng. Manage. 
 -*XVWDYVVRQ&&HGHUEHUJDQG86RQHVVRQ*OREDOIRRGORVVHVDQGIRRGZDVWH)$25RPH
 + ' 6KDUPD DQG 6 3 /HZLV Waste containment systems, waste stabilization, and landfills: design and
evaluation-RKQ:LOH\ 6RQV
 '6HWKDQG9*XSWDProd. Plan. Control
 0%UDJOLD*&DUPLJQDQLDQG)=DPPRUL,QW-3URG5HV
 &+RWHODQG6$ODP9DOXHVWUHDPPDSSLQJ
 0*KREDNKORR6+7DQJ1=XONLIOL0.$$ULIILQ0DQDJH7HFK





020049-7