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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. Background of the Study

As an individual becomes an adolescent, he/she is now

interested in forming or establishing a romantic or intimate

relationship with his/her opposite sex. Every individual has the

nature to crave for love, affection, comfort and such from others, for

it is ingrained in our system since birth that is why when an

individual encounters the adolescence phase he/she starts to be

interested and curious about in experiencing and being in a

relationship. Pertinent to the generation nowadays, many are

involved now into being in a relationship which is prevalent among

the teenagers. The millennials are now in favor or craving to be in a

relationship to the extent that they are not aware that it may affect

their well-being. As a result of this, the millennials should be

accountable towards their behavior and actions in their involvement

with relationships.
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The purpose of the researchers’ study is to know and prove a

point that being in a relationship may affect the academic

performance of the students. The students who are in generally the

ones that are involved into being in a romantic relationship, could

greatly affect and cause them some adverse effects regarding about

their academic performance at school. Even though it makes them

happy and proud to be in a relationship, it also has negative impacts

on their academic performance and success at school. The modern

society, especially the couples, may not contain their joy while being

in a relationship but they may not also contain their sadness and

anxiety when it affects their studies. Instead of learning and

processing new information, their mind is focused or preoccupied by

some thoughts about their relationship of his/her partner. It could

be a hindrance for the students to achieve an outstanding

performance at school and can also cause them to not excel in their

studies. It is a challenge for students who are in a relationship to

balance and consume their time in studying and maintaining the

status of their relationship. It may be also difficult for them to focus

at their main priority which is indeed to study well first without any

distractions that merely affects a student’s academic stand at school.

With their puerile remarks, diverting their attention to their

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relationship instead of studying can cause a problem for them to not

be able to understand, process and cope up with the lessons that

they may miss. These factors of being involved in a relationship while

studying can cause a defect to the academic performance of a

student at school.

Statement of the Problem

This study determined the significant effects of being in a

relationship to the academic performance of the Grade 11 GHT 01A-

04A students of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan. Specifically, this

study aims to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Gender

b. General Weighted Average in the 1st semester of S.Y.

2018-2019

2.) What is the status of time management of the

respondents on how they spend/consume their time in

terms of:

a. Studying

b. With their partner

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3.) What is the level of attention of the respondents in terms

of:

a. Studying

b. With their partner

4.) Is there a significant relationship between the academic

performance of students and time management?

5.) Is there a significant relationship between the academic

performance of students and level of attention?

Significance of the Study

The proliferation of the students who are into being in a

relationship can be a factor for them to divert their attention from

studying and absorbing their incoming and current lessons. In the

long run, their state of being in a relationship may inflict a

deterioration on their academic performance and success at school.

This study aims to know the significant effects of being in a

relationship to the academic performance of the Grade 11 GHT 01A-

04A students of PHINMA-University of Pangasinan. Through this

study, it will benefit those ones who are affected and involved in this

situation. This study aims to benefit the following:

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Students - This study will serve as a guide for the students in

knowing and learning the possible effects that being in a relationship

may cause whenever they will involve theirselves in a relationship

with someone. It can help them manage their time and attention

between their relationship and studying. Also, this study will raise

the awareness of students on the effects of being in a relationship

to their academic performance.

Parents - This study will help the parents to manage and supervise

the behavior of their child towards his/her romantic relationship and

academic performance at school. Thus, this will contribute to the

welfare of the parents as they will learn and know what would be the

significant effects of being in a relationship are, to the academic

performance of their child so that they would be able to motivate

them to study eager and set the limitations of their child in terms of

being in a relationship with their partner.

Teachers - This study will be helpful to teachers for it provides

information on how a students’ academic performance at school is

affected if he/she is involved in a relationship with someone.

Through this study, they will know the significant effects of being in
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a relationship to the academic performance of their students and

also to view the insights of students regarding this matter.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study be conducted at the PHINMA-University of

Pangasinan during the second semester, from November-March

2019, academic year 2018-2019. The study was focused on

determining the effects of being in a relationship to the academic

performance of the Grade 11 GHT 01A-04A students of the

University of Pangasinan. This study was limited up to the extent

that it will only tackle about determining the significant effects of

being in a relationship to the academic performance of the said

students.

Definition of Terms

 Academic Performance- the stand of a student in his/her

academics at school.

 Academics- connected with studying and learning and mainly

involves the different subject areas and courses.

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 Adolescence- the phase wherein an individual turns into

young adulthood.

 Attention- the act of diverting your thoughts regarding about

something or someone that is important nor interesting.

 General Weighted Average- the result of a student’s

accumulated grades in all of his/her subjects.

 Love- a strong and ingrained feeling of affection towards

someone.

 Millennials- groups of people in the modern society.

 Relationship- a romantic or passionate attachment between

two people.

 Time Management- it is to use time efficiently and

productively.
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section discusses the summaries of related literature and

studies gathered by the researchers through researching and

gathering information which are relevant to the study.

Related Literature

Foreign/Local

Social Relationships and Academic Achievement

According to (Galbo, 1992, pp. 59-81), Contemporary

instructional theory has not sufficiently explained the success of

teachers who are generally regarded as being excellent, yet as a

group demonstrate a great variety of teaching styles. In addition,

there is little understanding of the reasons why some students are

able to learn from teachers who are considered marginal at best.

What may be a critical factor for understanding the learning which

occurs is the quality of the relationship between teachers and

students. Even though theories supporting the importance of social

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relationships in cognitive development have been in existence for

some time, formal attempts to study the educational significance of

social relationships as they relate to the academic achievement of

children have been scarce.

Teen Relationships

According to Arnet (as cited in Fincham& Cui, 2011) "late

adolescents" is the stage where teenagers experienced how to be

totally and socially independent. This is the time for curiosity &

explorations in choosing and having a partner, and explores this kind

of curiosity that somehow leads to romantic relationship. However,

this kind of relationship may not lead to a pleasant and intense love

affair. This is just a result of their inquisitive mind and a sort of

finding on how to fit into the world. “What is life all about?”.

Questions such as these assume special significance during teenage

years, as adolescents seek to find their place in broader and social

world. This quest takes adolescents along several routes.

On the other hand, Luqman (2009) said that an adolescent

relationship plays an important role to adolescents as it develops the

ability for committed relationships. Moreover, researchers theorized

that romantic relationship is essential to the development of

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adolescents in different aspects such as “transformation of family

relationships, close relationships with peers, sexuality, and career

planning”. As cited from (Luqman, 2009), identity and self-esteem of

101 students attending B. Z. University and 100 students studying 10th grade

Educator High School at Department of Psychology Bahauddin Zakriya

University Multan reveals that there is not relationship between the grade

point average and dating status of adolescents. The variables considered were

dating status, level of involvement, grade point average, identity status and

self-esteem. However, in his methodology, he only considered the students’

grade in the latest exam. This would make the data less accurate because

initial level academic performance of the respondents was not recorded. The

purpose of having an initial level of academic performance is to have a

comparison of before and after situations which will predict whether the

academic performance of the respondent has increased or decreased during

the course of romantic relationship. He also suggested that initial levels of

academic achievement of students should be considered in the future

research about romantic relationship and its effects to academic performance

to get more accurate results.

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Academic Performance

When Aronson (2003) first published The Social Animal in

1972, he confirmed scientifically what people knew experientially:

Human beings are social in their very nature. In fact, Dunbar (1998)

hypothesized that the large human brain evolved primarily to adapt

to an increasingly complex social environment. As stated by

Goleman (2006) puts it ―We are wired to connect. The domain of

social intelligence and development is a critical component of

descriptions of human ability and behavior. Social skills are

important for preparing young people to mature and succeed in their

adult roles within the family, workplace, and community (Ten Dam

& Volman, 2007). On the other hand, Elias et al. (1997) suggested

those involved in guiding children and youth should pay special

attention to this domain: social skills allow people to succeed not

only in their social lives, but also in their academic, personal, and

future professional activities.

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Related Studies

Foreign/Local

Love and Other Grades: A Study of the Effects of Romantic

Relationship Status on the Academic Performance of

University Students

Of the few studies that have examined the effects of romantic

relationships on academic performance, most have been concerned

with adolescent students. This study analyzes a data set of more

than 300 students at a midsized, private University in the northeast

United States to determine if participating in a romantic relationship

predicts grade point average or course attendance. The results of

multivariate analyses indicate that being in a romantic relationship

while in college is significantly associated with class absences, but

not with grade point average. Specifically, logistic regression models

show that participation in a romantic relationship more than doubles

the odds of failing to attend three or more class meetings per course

in a semester. Practical implications of these findings include the

consideration of romantic relationships among the undergraduate

student body by university administrators and faculty when

attempting to address course attendance concerns. Additionally, this

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study suggests that future researchers examine the characteristics

of romantic relationships and romantic partners in order to more

fully understand how such relationships might affect the academic

performance of university students. CITATION Sch17 \p 81-97 \l

1033 (Schmidt & Lockwood, 2017, pp. 81-97)

Effects of Romantic Relationship on the Academic

Performance

This study was conducted to discover whether or not there is

an association between academic performance and involvement in a

romantic relationship amongst undergraduate college students. The

variables looked at were dating status (single or involved), level of

involvement in the relationship, and grade point average. Variables

were calculated on a survey measuring relationship and school

satisfaction. Seventy-five undergraduate students attending Loyola

University New Orleans were surveyed. Approximately fifty-one

percent of those surveyed were involved in a relationship. The

relationship assumed between grade point average and dating status

was not supported by the data. However, students involved in a

relationship experienced more stress when facing deadlines for

school. The data has not revealed any clear correlation in the study
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between dating status and academic performance, though hopefully

further research in this idea will prove beneficial. (Kopfler, 2003)

The Effects of Romantic Relationships on the Academic

Performance of University of the Philippines – Cebu College

Students

This study aimed to determine the effects of romantic relationship on

the academic performance of BS Computer Science 2 students of academic

year 2011-2012. This found out how the UP BS Computer Science 2 students

manage their time in which study and romantic side is involved. Additionally,

it determines the levels of motivation and anxiety of the respondents. This

study highlights the effect of time management, motivation and anxiety level

of students who are involved in romantic relationship on their academic

performance. The result of this study would alarm the student and raise their

awareness on the effects of romantic relationship on the academic

performance of a student especially on its negative effects. These concluded

data would also make the students who are involved in romantic relationship

assess their time management between romantic and academic aspects.

(Bernales and Colonia, 2011)

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CHAPTER 3

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the discussion on the research

methodology of the study, the subjects, sampling technique,

research instruments, procedure of data gathering, and statistical

treatment that are needed for the collection, analysis and

interpretation of data.

A. Research Methodology

The research designs which will be used in showing the study's

overall validity, accuracy and reliability of data are descriptive and

correlational research designs. Descriptive research design will be

used so that the researchers could obtain information through the

use of questionnaires and interviews. Using descriptive research

design will allow the researchers to obtain data through describing

and assessing the current status of the phenomena in the study

which is the involvement of students in a relationship for its causal

impact to their academic performance. In assessing the relationships

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between and among the variables involved in the study, correlational

research design will be used to know if there is a significant

relationship among the academic performance of students, their

level of attention and also their time management in terms of

studying and being with their partner. A separate conduction of the

two research designs will be administered by the researchers to

obtain data descriptively and correlationally. Descriptive research

design will be administered to some of the respondents while

correlational research design will be administered to the remaining

respondents.

B. Subjects/Respondents of the Study

In order to gather data or information on the study, “The

Effects of Being in a Relationship to the Academic Performance of

the Grade 11 GHT 01A-04A students of PHINMA-University of

Pangasinan”, the researchers will collect and gather data from the

subjects of their study wherein it is mentioned above that the Grade

11 GHT students of the PHINMA-University of Pangasinan will be the

ones who will be investigated in the study. Specifically, the

researchers will obtain data from the Grade 11 GHT 01A-04A

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students with a target of 10 respondents who will meet the criteria

of being in a relationship as the respondents and providers of the

needed data through answering the prepared questionnaires for

them to comply with.

C. Sampling Technique

To obtain data and information relevant to the study, the

researchers used a non-random type of sampling method in

choosing and selecting the respondents. Purposive sampling was

used since the study is focused on a particular group which are the

ones who are involved in a relationship. This type of sampling

method enables the researchers to gather data accurately, reliably

and validly so that they would gather data from the information-rich

respondents who are involved to the phenomenon of interest which

is being in a relationship.
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D. Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to interpret gathered data effectively, the researchers

utilized the following statistical treatments that are believed by

them that these will draw appropriate conclusions for the desired

results of the data: Frequency and Percentage Distribution, Mean,

T-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Product.

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

This employed to determine the percentage of relative

frequencies of survey responses and personal-related

variables of the respondents.

Formula: Where: % = Percent

𝑓
% = 𝑁 × 100 𝑓 = Frequency

𝑁 = Number of cases

2. Mean

This was used to determine the average of the large

amount of data provided by the respondents in relation to

their personal profiles and summarize those into a single

value.
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Formula: Where: 𝑋 = Mean

Σ𝑥
𝑋= Σ = Add up
𝑁

𝑥 = All of the x-values

𝑁 = Number of cases

3. T-test

This enabled the researchers to determine if there is a

significant difference between the means of two (2) groups

which may be related in certain features.

Formula:

𝑋̅1− 𝑋̅2
𝑡=
𝑆 2𝑆 2
√ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2

Where: 𝑋̅1 = Mean of sample 1

𝑋̅2 = Mean of sample 2

𝑛1 = Number of subjects in sample 1

𝑛2 = Number of subjects in sample 2

𝑆12 = Variance of sample 1

𝑆22 = Variance of sample 2

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4. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

It is used to test whether there are any statistically

significant differences between two or more variables in the

study.

Formula:

𝑀𝑆𝑇
𝐹= 𝑀𝑆𝐸

Where: 𝐹 = Anova Coefficient

𝑀𝑆𝑇 = Mean sum of squares due to treatment

𝑀𝑆𝐸 = Mean sum of squares due to error

Formula for MST is given below:

𝑆𝑆𝑇
𝑀𝑆𝑇 = 𝑝−1

𝑆𝑆𝑇 = Σ𝑛(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2

Where: 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = Sum of squares due to treatment

𝑝 = Total number of populations

𝑛 = Total number of samples in a population

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Formula for MSE is given below:

𝑆𝑆𝐸
𝑀𝑆𝐸 = 𝑁−𝑝

𝑆𝑆𝐸 = Σ(𝑛 − 1)𝑆 2

Where: 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = Sum of squares due to error

𝑆 = Standard Deviation of the samples

𝑁 = Total number of observations

5. Pearson Product
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Bibliography

(Bernales and Colonia, 2011) Retrieved from

www.academia.edu/7736954/

Psychology Today (2019) Retrieved from

www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/time-management

(2019) Retrieved from www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescence

(Kopfler, 2003) https://studyhippo.com/effects-of-romantic-

relationship-on-the-academic-performance-on-college-students-

1141/

Wikipedia (2018) Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention

(Schmidt & Lockwood, 2017, pp. 81-97)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284205790_Love_and_

Other_Grades_A_Study_of_the_Effects_of_Romantic_Relationship_

Status_on_the_Academic_Performance_of_University_Students
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