HAND-OUTS IN MAPEH 10 - 1ST QUARTER 1. Verklarte Nacht
Gurreleider
MUSIC
TH
MUSIC OF THE 20 CENTURY NEW STYLES
1. Impressionism 4. Avant Garde music
2. Expressionism 5. Modern Nationalism
3. Neo-classicism
IMPRESSIONISM - made use of the whole-tone scale. It also applied suggested, rather than depicted,
reality. It created a mood rather than a definite picture. It had a translucent and hazy texture; lacking a
dominant-tonic relationship. It made use of overlapping chords, with 4th, 5th, octaves, and 9th intervals,
resulting in a non-traditional harmonic order and resolution.
A. CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862–1918) - August 22, 1862 in France
Gain reputation as an erratic pianist and rebel in theory and harmony. Dissolve traditional rules
and convention into new language of possibilities in harmony, form, rhythm, texture and color.
Debussy’s mature creative period was represented by the following works:
1. Ariettes Oubliees 2. Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun 3.String Quartet
4. Pelleaset Melisande (1895)—his famous operatic work that drew mixed extreme reactions for its
innovative harmonies and textural treatments.
5. La Mer (1905)—a highly imaginative and atmospheric symphonic work for orchestra about the sea,
6. Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes—his most popular piano compositions; a set of lightly
textured pieces containing his signature work Claire de Lune (Moonlight)
 His musical compositions total more or less 227 which include orchestral music, chamber music,
piano music, opera, ballets, songs, and other vocal music.
 “Father of the Modern School of Composition”
B. MAURICE RAVEL (1875–1937) -The compositional style is characterized by its unique innovative but not
atonal of harmonic treatment. The compositional style is characterized by its unique innovative but not
atonal of harmonic treatment. He demands technical vertousity from the performer because of intricate
melodic and chordal components.
Ravel’s works include the following:
These were followed by a number of his other significant works, including
1. Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)
2. Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917), a commemoration of the musical advocacies of the early 18th
century French composer Francois Couperin,
3. Rhapsodie Espagnole
4. Bolero
EXPRESSIONISM - revealed the composer’s mind, instead of presenting an impression of the environment.
It used atonality and the twelve-tone scale, lacking stable and conventional harmonies. It served as a
medium for expressing strong emotions, such as anxiety, rage, and alienation.
A. ARNOLD SCHOENBERG - (1874–1951) (Austria) - tonal preferences tuned to the dissonant and atonal,
explored the chromatic harmonies. Establishment of the 12 tone system.
Schoenberg works include the following:
2. Pierrot Lunaire 3.
4. VerklarteNacht (Transfigured Night, 1899) - one of his earliest successful pieces, blends the lyricism,
instrumentation, and melodic beauty of Brahms with the chromaticism and construction of Wagner.
B. IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882–1971) (Germany) - Rhythmic inventiveness shifting rhythm and polytonality
and new level of dissonance.
IGOR STRAVINSKY works include the following:
1. The Firebird Suite (1910) 3. Petrouchka (1911) (Ballet)
2. The Rite of Spring (1913) 4. The Rake’s Progress (1951)
NEO-CLASSICISM - was a partial return to a classical form of writing music with carefully modulated
dissonances. It made use of a freer seven-note diatonic scale.
OTHER MUSICAL STYLES
PRIMITIVISM – is tonal through the asserting of one note as more important than the others. New sounds
are synthesized from old ones by juxtaposing two simple events to create a more complex new event.
Primitivism has links to Exoticism through the use of materials from the other cultures, Nationalism through
the use of materials indigenous to specific countries, and Ethnicism through the use of materials from
European ethnic group. It eventually involved into Neo-classicism.
A. BELA BARTOK (1881–1945) (Hungary) - Neo-classicist, modern nationalist, and a primitivist composer.
He adopted Hungarian folk themes to introduce rhythms with changing meters and heavy syncopation.
Bela Bartok works include the following:
1. Most famous for his Six String Quartets (1908–1938) 4. Mikrokosmos (1926–1939)
2. The Concerto for Orchestra (1943) 5. SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891–1953)
3. Allegro Barbaro (1911)
 His musical compositions total more or less 695 which include concerti, orchestral music, piano
music, instrumental music, dramatic music, choral music, and songs.
B. SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953) Combinations of neo-classicist, nationalist, and avant garde composers.
His style is uniquely recognizable for its progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic directness,
and a resolving dissonance.
SERGEI PROKOFIEFF works include the following:
1. Romeo and Juliet (Ballet) 2. War and Peace (Opera) 3. Peter and the Wolf
 He also composed violin sonatas, some of which are also performed on the flute, two highly
regarded violin concerti, and two string quartets inspired by Beethoven. His musical compositions
include concerti, chamber music, film scores, operas, ballets, and official pieces for state occasions.
C. FRANCIS POULENC (1899-1963) – One of the relatively few composers born into a wealth and a
privileged social position, the neo-classicist Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc was a member of the group of
young French composers known as “Les Six”. He rejected the heavy romanticism of Wagner and the so-
called imprecision of Debussy and Ravel. His composition had a coolly elegant modernity, tempered by a
classical sense of proportion. His opera works include;
1. Les Mamelles de Tiresias(1944) – which revealed his light-hearted character
2. Dialogues des Carmelites (1956) – which highlighted his conservative writing styles
3. La Voix Humane (1958) – which reflected his own turbulent emotional life.
  His musical compositions total around 185 which include solo piano works, as well as vocal solos, fastest mode or in reverse. In musique concrete, the composer is able to experiment with different sounds
known as melodies, which highlighted many aspects of his temperament in his avant garde style. that cannot be produced by regular musical instruments such as the piano or the violin.
AVANT GARDE - This style was associated with electronic music and dealt with the parameters or EDGARD VARESE (1883–1965) - pioneered and created new sounds that bordered between music and
noise. His music is characterized on emphasis on timbre and rhythm.
dimensions of sound in space. It made use of variations of self-contained note groups to change musical
Invented the term organized sound which means that certain timbres and rhythms can be grouped together
continuity, and improvisation, with an absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm. to capture a whole new definition of sound. “Father of Electronic Music”
A. GEORGE GERSHWIN (1898–1937) (USA) - incorporated jazz rhythm with classical forms. EDGARD VARESE works include the following:
“Crossover Artist”, his serious compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, as his stage Hyperprism for wind and percussion, Octandre for seven wind instruments and double bass,
and film songs continue to be jazz and vocal standards. Considered as the “Father of American Jazz”. Intégrales for wind and percussion, Ionisation for 13 percussion players
GEORGE GERSHWIN works include the following: KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN (1928– )(Germany) - heavily atonal content with practically no clear melodic
Rhapsody in Blue An American in Paris or rhythmic sense. He experiment with musique concrete and he developed the style of total serialism.
Someone to Watch Over Me Porgy and Bess KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN works include the following:
B. LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918–1990) (USA) - Musical characterized basically rooted to tonality. Tuneful, Etude Kontakte
off beat, and highly atonal approach to music. Electronic STUDIES I and II Momente
LEONARD BERNSTEIN works include the following: Gesang der Junglinge Hymnen
Tonight from West Side Story Clarinet Sonata Candide (1956) JOHN CAGE (1912–1992) (USA) - introduce the concept of manipulating of music instrument in order to
C. PHILIP GLASS (1937- ) – one of the most commercially successful minimalist who is also avant garde achieve new sounds. Experimented with what came to be known as “Chance Music”
composer. He explored the territories of ballets, opera, theater, film, and even television jingles. His CHANCE MUSIC
music often criticized as uneventful and shallow, yet startlingly effective for its hypnotic charm. His Chance music refers to a style wherein the piece always sounds different at every performance
musical compositions total around 170. because of the random techniques of production, including the use of ring modulators or natural elements
Philip Glass works include the following: that become a part of the music. Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings, both natural and
a. Music in Similar Motion (1969) d. Satyagraha (1980) man-made, such as honking cars, rustling leaves, blowing wind, dripping water, or a ringing phone. As such,
b. Music of Changing Parts (1970) e. Akhnaten (1984) the combination of external sounds cannot be duplicated as each happens by chance.
c. Einstein on the Beach (1976) f. Music in Fifths . An example is John Cage’s Four Minutes and Thirty-Three Seconds (4’33") where the pianist merely
MODERN NATIONALISM - This is a looser form of 20th century music development focused on nationalist opens the piano lid and keeps silent for the duration of the piece. The audience hears a variety of noises
composers and musical innovators who sought to combine modern techniques with folk materials. inside and outside the concert hall amidst the seeming silence.
20TH CENTURY MUSICAL STYLES: ELECTRONIC and CHANCE MUSIC JOHN CAGE works include the following:
The musical styles that evolved in the modern era were varied. Some of these were short-lived, 4’33“ Metamorphosis, for piano
being experimental and too radical in nature, while others found an active blend between the old and the Five Songs, for contralto soloist and piano Music for Wind Instruments, for wind quintet
new. CONCERT FOR PIANO AND ORCHESTRA, 1958
New inventions and discoveries of science and technology lead to continuing developments in the
field of music. Technology has produced electronic music devices such as cassette tape recorders, compact ARTS
discs and their variants, the video compact disc (VCD) and the digital video disc (DVD), MP3, MP4, ipod, MODERN ART (IMPRESSIONISM)
iphone, karaoke players, mobile phones and synthesizers. These devices are used for creating and recording  The name impressionism was coined from the title of a work by French painter Claude Monet,
music to add to or to replace acoustical sounds. Impression, soleillevant (in English, Impression, Sun rise).
NEW MUSICAL STYLES: Electronic Music The Influence of Delacroix Specifically for his use of:
The capacity of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers, tape recorders, and loudspeakers to CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPRESSIONISM
create different sounds was given importance by 20th century composers like Edgar Varese, Karlheinz 1. Color and Light - They used short “broken” strokes that were intentionally made visible to the viewer.
Stockhausen, and Mario Davidovsky. Music that uses the tape recorder is called musique concrete, or 2. “Everyday” subjects 4. Open Composition
concrete music. The composer records different sounds that are heard in the environment such as the 3. Painting Outdoors 5. The Influence of Photography
bustle of traffic, the sound of the wind, the barking of dogs, the strumming of a guitar, or the cry of an WORKS OF THE FRENCH PAINTERS
infant. These sounds are arranged by the composer in different ways like by playing the tape recorder in its
EDOUARD MANET (1832-1883) was one of the first 19th century artists to depict modern-life subjects. He
was a key figure in the transition from realism to impressionism, with a number of his works considered as
marking the birth of modern art.
1. CLAUDE MONET – (1840-1926) was one of the founders of the impressionist movement along with his
friends. Monet is the best known for his landscape paintings particularly those depicting his beloved
flower gardens and water lily ponds.
2. AUGUSTE RENOIR – (1841-1919) his early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and
light. Renoir broke away from the impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal
technique to portraits of actual people and figure paintings.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
The European artists continued using the basic qualities of the impressionists:
1. the vivid colors 2. heavy brush strokes, and 3. true-to-life subjects.
However, they expanded and experimented with these in bold new ways, like
1. using a geometric approach 3. distorting people’s faces and body parts, and
2. fragmenting objects 4. applying colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural.
Two of the foremost post-impressionists were:
1. PAUL CÉZANNE (1839–1906) was a French artist and post-impressionist painter. His work
exemplified the transition from late 19th-century impressionism to a new and radically different
world of art in the 20th century—paving the way for the next revolutionary art movement known
as expressionism.
2. VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-1890) was a post-impressionist painter from Netherlands. His works
were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush strokes, intense emotions, and colors that appeared
to almost pulsate with energy.
EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionist artists created works with more emotional force, rather than with realistic or natural images.
Among the various styles that arose within the expressionist art movements were:
1. NEOPRIMITIVISM- was an art style that incorporated elements from the native arts of the South Sea
Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes which suddenly became popular at that time.
Revival of unsophisticated styles in art or fashion.
2. FAUVISM – was a style that used bold, vibrant and visual distortions. Its name was derived from les
fauves (wild beasts) referring to the group of French painters who painted in this style.
3. DADAISM - was a style characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and
surprises.
 TRISTAN TZARA – founder of the movement (dadaism) from Zurich, Switzerland.
4. SURREALISM - was a style that depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world beyond the logical,
conscious, physical one. Its name came from the term “super realism,” with its artworks clearly
expressing a departure from reality—as though the artists were dreaming, seeing illusions, or
experiencing an altered mental state.
 Andre Breton – founder of the movement, advocated the exploration of the twilight zones of the
mind through artistic means.
5. SOCIAL REALISM - expressed the artist’s role in social reform. Artists used their works to protest
against the injustices, inequalities, immorality, and ugliness of the human condition.
6. THE ABSTRACTIONIST - movement arose from the intellectual points of view in the 20th century.
It involved analyzing, detaching, selecting, and simplifying.
Grouped Under Abstractionism Are The Following Art Styles:
CUBISM – The cubist style derived its name from the cube, a three dimensional geometric figure composed
of strictly measured lines, planes, and angles.
1. Futurism - the futurists created art for a fast-paced, machine-propelled age. They admired the
motion, force, speed, and strength of mechanical forms.
2. MECHANICAL STYLE - As a result of the futurist movement, what became known as the mechanical
style emerged. In this style, basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit
together precisely and neatly in their appointed places.
3. NON-OBJECTIVISM - The logical geometrical conclusion of abstractionism came in the style known
as non-objectivism. Lines, shapes, and colors were used in a cool, impersonal approach that aimed
for balance, unity, and stability. Colors were mainly black, white, and the primaries (red, yellow,
and blue).
New York, in particular, became a haven for the newly-arrived artists and their American counterparts.
The daring young artists in this movement succeeded in creating their own synthesis of Europe’s cubist and
surrealist styles. Their style came to be known as abstract expressionism.
The movements they brought about have come to be called:
1. NEO-DADAISM- made use of commonplace, trivial, even nonsensical objects. But unlike the angry,
serious tone of the original dadaists, the neo-dadaists seemed to enjoy nonsense for its own sake
and simply wanted to laugh at the world.
2. POP ART - Their works ranged from paintings, to posters, to collages, to three-dimensional
“assemblages” and installations.
 Their inspirations were: the celebrities, advertisements, billboards and comic strips that were
becoming commonplace at that time.
3. CONCEPTUAL ART - was that which arose in the mind of the artist, took concrete form for a time,
and then disappeared (unless it was captured in photo or film documentation).
4. OPTICAL ART OR OP ART - Art experiment in visual experience - a form of “action painting,” with
the action taking place in the viewer’s eye. In op art, lines, spaces, and colors were precisely
planned and positioned to give the illusion of movement.
CONTEMPORARY ARTS FORMS:
1. INSTALLATION ART - makes use of space and materials in truly innovative ways. Installation art is
a contemporary art form that uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way the
viewer experiences a particular space.
2. PERFORMANCE ART - makes use of the human body, facial expressions, gestures, and sounds.
Both speak powerfully about contemporary issues, challenging their viewers to respond.
 It can be any situation that involves four basic elements:
a. time space b. the performer’s body c. a relationship between performer and audience
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
ACTIVE RECREATION (SPORTS)
ACTIVE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES – activities that require large body movements such as running,
throwing, or jumping or those that are sports-specific.
LIFESTYLE – is the way in which an individual lives; includes the typical patterns of an individual’s behavior
like everyday routine at home, in school, or at work; eating, sleeping, and exercise habits, and many others;
are related to elevated or reduced health risk.
Risk factors to our health include the things that we do in our everyday lives and the physiological
characteristics that we inherit from our parents. It is the variables in your lifestyle and genetics that may
lead to certain diseases; include age, gender, nutrition, body weight, physical activity, and health habits, etc c. Muscular strength
(i.e. stress, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the effects to the harmful use d. Flexibility
of alcohol) e. Body composition
An unhealthy lifestyle brings with it certain diseases that can shorten your lifespan. These disease, SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), disease that are not passes from person to person; also - components that contribute to the development of skills such as;
known as chronic diseases; includes cardiovascular diseases (enlargement of the heart and hypertension), a. Agility – the ability to start (or accelerate), stop (or decelerate and stabilize), and change direction
cancer, chronic respiratory disease (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma) and quickly, while maintaining posture
diabetes. b. Balance
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT c. Coordination – the ability to perform complex motor skills with smooth flow of motion.
Weight is the result of metabolic responses of your body to your food intake, energy expenditure, d. Power
and physiological processes. A simple formula is shown here. e. Reaction time
WEIGHT GAIN = energy consumed is greater than energy expended f. Speed
= more food intake but less physical exertion PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
WEIGHT LOSS = energy consumed is less than energy expended FITT formula – stands for frequency, intensity, time and type
= more physical exertion but less food intake Frequency (how often) – refers to the number of training sessions that are performed during the given
WEIGHT MAINTENANCE = energy consumed equals energy expanded period (usually 1 week)
= physical exertion is the same with the food intake Intensity (how hard) – refers to an individual’s level of effort compared with their maximal effort which is
BMI – Body Mass Index – a rough measure of body composition that is useful for classifying the health risks usually expressed as a percentage.
of body weight; also based on the concept that a person’s weight should be proportional to height; Time (how long) – refers to the timeframe of a workout (including warm-up and cool-down) or the length
calculated by dividing your body weight (expressed in kilograms) by the square of your height (expressed in of time spent in training
meters) Type – refers to mode of physical activity
FORMULA: BMI = wt in kg = 59 kg = 23 kg/m2 RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (RPE) – an assessment of the intensity of exercise based on how the
ht in m2 participant feels; basically a subjective assessment of effort which ranges from 36 (very, very light) to 20
Classification BMI (very, very hard) with 1 point increments in between.
Underweight <18.5 FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS
Normal 18.5-24.90 a. age d. nutrition
Overweight 25.0-29.9 b. gender e. activity
Obesity (I) 30.0-34.9 c. heredity f. disability
Obesity (II) 35.0-39.9 BENEFITS OF ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Extreme Obesity >40.0 Health Physical Mental and Emotional Social
(III)  road map to good  improvement of skills  release of stress from  bonding with family
health and longevity specific to a particular demands of everyday and friends
RECREATION ACTIVITIES are activities done during one’s leisure time both for relaxation and enjoyment; activity living
may require large body movements such as running, throwing, or jumping or a small body movements such  improved quality of  relaxation, rest, and  greater personal  opportunity to make
as playing board games, doing arts and crafts, and many others. Active recreational activities are highly life revitalization confidence and self- new friends and
recommended for health promotion. These activities require more amounts of energy to be expended than esteem acquaintances
the usual energy expenditure.  Lower blood pressure,  Sense of achievement  Strengthen social
REGULAR MODERATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY – being active for 30 minute to 1 hour, doing physical activities reduced arthritis pain, networks and
that elevate your heart rate more than you are used to; being active in most, if not all, days of the week, weight loss and community identity
about 3-4 times per week or more. lowered risk of
HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS diabetes, certain
Those components that contribute to the development of health and functional capacity of the body such cancers, osteoporosis
as; and cardiovascular
a. Cardiovascular strength disease
b. Cardiovascular endurance – the ability of an individual to perform prolonged work continuously,  Reducing risks of
where to work involves large muscle groups depression, anxiety,
 psychological distress
and emotional
disturbance
 More restraint in
avoiding risky
behavior
HEALTH
CONSUMER HEALTH
Decision-making is an important skill that you must learn in order to live a healthy and normal life.
Consumer health aims to develop a person’s ability to evaluate and utilize health information, products,
and services wisely and effectively.
Components of Consumer Health
1. HEALTH INFORMATION is any idea that we hear from hear from people around us, read from books
and other printed materials, or from the media that influence our health.
2. HEALTH PRODUCTS are items that we consume to improve our well-being, like medicine, food, clothes,
furniture, electronics, etc.
3. HEALTH SERVICES are programs we avail from various providers such as physicians, nurses, therapists,
health workers, hospitals, clinics, and the gov’t. Some examples of these health services are insurance,
treatment and cure, complementary and alternative medicine.
TYPES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
a. HEALTH PROFESSIONALS – individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health
programs, such as; physician, cardiologist, dermatologist, gastroenterologist, geriatrician, gynecologist,
neurologist, orthophedist, opthalmologist, pediatrician, pulmonologist and urologist.
b. HEALTHCARE FACILITIES – are places or institutions that offer healthcare services.
1. Hospitals – it is an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care and treatment.
2. Walk-In Surgery Center – It is the facility that offers surgery without the patient being admitted in
the hospital.
3. Health Center – cater to a specific population with various health needs.
4. Extended Healthcare Facility – a facility that provides treatment, nursing care, and residential
services to patients, often the elderly.
c. HEALTH INSURANCE – is a financial agreement between an insurance company and an individual or
group for the payment of healthcare costs. This also pertains to a “protection that provides benefits for
sickness and injury”.
TYPES OF COVERAGE:
1. medical insurance – pays for the fees of the health professionals, laboratory tests and prescription
drugs.
2. major medical insurance – offers payment for long-term or chronic diseases such as AIDS and
cancer.
3. hospitalization insurance – pays for the stay of the patient inside the hospital.
4. surgical insurance – pays for the surgery fees.
5. disability insurance – provides financing for members who meet accidents or suffer from illnesses.
PhilHealth is an example of public companies that give health insurance.
HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (HMO) is a healthcare provider that offers medical services that
are availed through a prepaid amount of money.
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE - is availed and integrated together with the traditional medicine.
 ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE – is offered in place of traditional medicine.
4 MAJOR DOMAINS OF COMPLEMENTARY-ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE:
a. Biology-based practices – are taking herbal medicine and availing of special diets and vitamins.
b. Energy medicine – uses magnetic fields or bio fields in belief that energy fields may enter various
points in the body.
c. Manipulative and body based practices – are bodily-kinesthetic in nature and are concerned with
movement therapy.
d. Mind-body medicine – uses mental exercises in belief that the brain is the central to the health of an
individual.
R.A. no. 8423 or the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 provision the creation of the
Philippine Institute of Traditional and alternative Healthcare (PITACH), which works closely with the DOH.
PITAHC is also the law-making body with regards to the effective use of traditional and alternative
medicine.
EXAMPLES:
1. NATUROPATHY – naturophatic medicine views diseases as a manifestation of an alteration in the
processed by which the body naturally heals itself.
a. Herbal medicine
1. Acapulko – for ringworm and other skin infections
2. Ampalaya – for non-insulin dependent diabetic patients
3. Bawang – for blood pressure control
4. Bayabas – for use of antiseptic to disinfect wounds. For mouthwash or tooth decay and
gum infection.
5. Lagundi – for cough and asthma.
6. Niyog-niyogan – for intestinal worms, particularly ascaris and trichina.
7. Sambong – for urinary stones.
8. Tsaanggubat – for mouthwash.
9. Pansit-pansitan - for arthritis and gout.
10. Yerba-buena – for relief from body aches and pain.
b. Acupuncture – it is a form of energy medicine where long thin needles are inserted to specific
parts of the body to affect the energy flow.
c. Ventosa cupping massage therapy – this procedure is done by placing inverted glasses that
have flames from burning cotton, on specific points in the body.
d. Reflexology– focuses on treating specific disorders through massaging of the soles of the feet.
e. Acupressure – uses hands to apply pressure on certain points of the body.
f. Nutrition therapy – approaches treatment of a medical condition by providing a tailored diet
for the patient.
QUACKERY – a form of health fraud, is any advertisement, promotion or sale of products and services that
have not been scientifically proven safe and effective. It is being operated by a quack. A quack is an
individual that has little or no professional qualifications to practice medicine. He / She also pretentiously
used meaningless medical jargon and rely on scare tactics, paranoid accusations, and quick fixes.
THREE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH QUACKERY
1. It is a big business
2. It multiplies and spreads fast
3. It thrives on individuals who are diagnosed with illnesses that are known to have no cure.

THREE FORMS OF QUACKERY:

1. Medical quackery – includes cure, treatments and remedies of various health conditions that are
drugless or bloodless in nature.
2. Nutrition quackery – involves promotion of food fads and other nutritional practices that claim to
be all-natural.
3. Device quackery – makes use of miraculous gadgets that are believed to cure certain health
conditions.

The Consumer Act of the Philippines – is a law that protects the interest of the consumer, promotes
general welfare and establishes standards of conduct for business and industry.

8 BASIC RIGHTS OF A CONSUMER:

1. The right to BASIC NEEDS – this right guarantees survival, adequate food, clothing, shelter,
healthcare, education and sanitation.
2. The right to SAFETY – this is the right to be protected against the marketing of goods or the
provision of services that are hazardous to health and life.
3. The right to INFORMATION – this is the right to be protected against dishonest or misleading
advertising or labeling and the right to be given the facts and information needed to make an
informed choice.
4. The right to CHOOSE – this is the right to choose products at competitive prices with an assurance
of satisfactory quality.
5. The right to REPRESENTATION - the right to express consumer interests in the making & execution
of government policies.
6. The right to REDRESS – this is the right to be compensated for misrepresentation, shoddy goods or
unsatisfactory services.
7. The right to CONSUMER EDUCATION – right to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to be
an informed customer.
8. The right to HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT –this is the right to live and work in an environment that is
neither threatening nor dangerous and which permits a life of dignity and well-being.

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