Reader
Erickson G. Ollodo
Page 1 of 106
Table of Contents
I. Book Reviews
II. Cases
CEMEX
Jun Lozada
Page 2 of 106
Integrative Questions
Jaipur Foot
Obama
ICICI Bank
ITC e-Choupal
Voxiva
III. Quizzes
IV. Project
Code of Ethics
Page 3 of 106
Book Reviews
Page 4 of 106
Book Review 1
In this world that we have right now, a lot of ethical dilemmas or ethical
issues overwhelm every human beings in every corners of the world with
different races, personalities, organization, and social status. Such things that we
do something right or legal with the blessing of the law have some unexpected
consequences that lead to threats in our lives. I realize that ethics does not only
perceive the good side but both the good and the bad sides. It depends on how
our hearts are set to what it desires and prefer. If our hearts are set on improper
things and maladjusted desires, we make ethical mistakes; likewise if we fail to
think clearly about our choices and decisions, we can blunder or commit
mistakes.
When thinking about ethics, there are at least three legitimate approaches
that come to our mind; behavioral science, virtues, and ethical theory. Behavioral
science studies the moral development of a human behavior. Then base on the
studies, it focuses on the individual’s character traits (This is the language of
virtues). And lastly focus to the results and rules (This is the ethical theory).
These are the three ways to talk about ethics. You do what is right (Behavioral
Science), be right (Virtues), and know what is right (Ethical theory). I think these
languages of ethics would probably be helpful in solving ethical issues of different
individuals, groups, and or organizations like in business and politics. It will help
you avoid commit ethical mistake and develop your personality.
“Decisions should achieve the greatest good for the greatest number”. I
want to give emphasis also to this. It means that in every decision that we make
even to ourselves or to others must take in to consideration the good side or
what is better. Deciding the right things returns good results or good outcomes.
Like in a business if you decide right, expect the good return in your business.
However yes you decide the right thing but there are possibilities that you might
Page 5 of 106
affect someone else lives. Example in the garments industry, if you are aware
right now, the garments industry is experiencing crisis in terms of their sales. Few
people are buying quality apparels in well known malls and store but do patronize
the cheap quality products of china and Thailand which are available on the Flea
Markets where you can haggle for prices. Some garments companies decide to
implement cost cutting which deducts the number of operating hours of there
business to somehow survive to the crisis happening like in the case of our
garments business. Some companies offer 50% off sales just to zero out their
inventory. And some who really can’t stand this crisis decided to shutdown their
business. As you can see, yes we decide the right thing which is right but no all
right decisions gives an acceptable outcome like the total shutdown of the
business. There’s this feeling of regret that arises or in tagalong “saying or
panghihinayang”.
Book Review 2
Page 6 of 106
living in groups. Business people are guided by moral philosophies when they
formulate business strategies and when they resolve a specific ethical issue.
Quotes:
Actually upon reading these chapters I don’t find any quotes or sentences
to be quoted. But in exchange the need of that requirement in this book review, I
will share to you an ethical issue happens to me before when buying clothes or
shopping clothes. Do you remember before that clothes are labeled into different
sizes? Size 4, size 5, size 8, size 14 and etc. I remember my mom and I use to
buy Size 8 for me when buying clothes. It does exactly fit to me and no problem
at all. One day I was not with my mom when she goes shopping in Mega Mall.
But before she lives the house I tell her to buy me some clothes for the upcoming
Christmas party in school. When she arrives home, she shows me a beautiful tee
shirt with nice prints. It’s a size 8 T-shirt that must be exactly fit to me. But sad to
say that it doesn’t fit to me and it is very loosely. As you can see, Garment
Manufactures have no standard size for this specific size. How much more to
other countries like America were Americans are consider big people. I’m not
sure if this ethical issue that many people encounter before is the reason why
they make the labels of clothing from numbers to letters, Small (S), Medium (M),
Large (L), Extra Large (XL), and so on.
I think that it is best that those companies who have same line of products
have the same standards in sizes because if one experience what I’ve
experience in clothes sizes destroys trust to a certain brand of a clothing store.
Book Review 3
”Many people believe that embracing ethics would limit their options, their
opportunities, and their very ability to succeed in business”
Page 7 of 106
Chapter 2: Why this rule is golden?
“Ethics is about how we meet the challenge of doing right thing when that will
cost more than we want to pay”
Sometimes what the right things we do may cause a threat in our lives.
Like in a situation of a man who witnesses a certain crime for example murder. If
he tries to speak for the truth, possible consequences may occur to you or to
your love ones. The murderer may kill you or your love ones. This is the reason
why many people who were put in this kind of situation decided to remain calm
and silent for the sake of their lives and the lives of their love ones. It is the right
thing to do what is right or to speak for the truth but try to think of the possible
consequences of doing the right thing.
Trust is one of the ingredients of love. Love is nothing without trust. The
development and lasting of love depends on the trust of both partners. It is nice
to live in a lovely way if there’s trust in the middle of the relationship. It protects
the relationship from any destruction. If trust is ruined, love is gone and
destroyed. It is important to build first trust before entering a serious relationship
with your partner. How to do it? Mostly people start from friendship. And in
friendship, trust is developing. It is a good foundation of love because you know
each other very well and you have trust in yourselves which will lead to a happy
and strong relationship.
Book Review 4
“Having power is like drinking salt water. The more you drink, the thirstier you
get”
The abuse of power comes from the hunger for it. People who are given
such power and became successful easily by the help of it do anything just to
remain powerful. But people who abuse power were living in borrowed time.
Page 8 of 106
Anytime they can say goodbye to the life they have when they are still powerful. I
pity those people who abuse their power whether in politics, business or anything
that exercises their power for service because they may lose a lot of good trusted
friends and living without friends is like death.
“You can’t capitalize on an opportunity you receive on the outside until you’ve
done the groundwork on the inside”
It is like you can’t be good on your next job if you don’t have any
experience in preparation for your next job. Same thing in finding a good job, if
you finish college and holding a degree then you’ll be easy to capitalize
opportunities outside. A golden opportunity comes rarely in every person’s life
and whoever is blessed by this opportunity is like a gift that you will treasure
forever. Learn to be the best in any opportunity you have so that if any
opportunity that will be given by chance to you, it would be easy for you to
capitalize or adapt to it.
“Doing my best at this present moment puts me in the best place for the next
moment”
Oprah Winfrey said that people who do the bare minimum never achieve
much in life, for themselves or for others. I agree to that and it is true not only in
work but also in relationships. What you do in this present dictates what kind of
future you have. You train yourself in this present time the best thing you can do
and you will always be use to it being best through the future.
If you always do more than is expected, not only will you rise up above the
crowd, you will help others to rise up with you. If you have this kind of attitude,
you care more than others think is wise, you risk more than others think is safe,
you dream more than others think is practical, you expect more than others think
is possible, and you work more than others think is necessary. You are doing
more than what is expected but it is not always to be like this because sometimes
what is expected should only be the expected. It happens in the corporate world.
What you said in the document must be the only things to follow nothing more
nothing less.
Book Review 5
Page 9 of 106
“There’s No Such Thing as BUSINESS ETHICS”
By John C. Maxwell
“There are really only three kinds of people. Those who don’t succeed, those
who achieve success temporarily, and those who became and remain
successful.”
No matter how talented or rich or attractive people are, they will not able to
out run their character. Character is more than talk. Action is the true measure of
character. However, anyone who watched his actions closely could have seen
that his talk and walk didn’t line up.
Those people who remain successful in life are those who have faith and
discipline to themselves. These people desire their life to have meaning and not
just live in echo and live a shadow of a life.
People who remain successful make only few key decisions in life and
then manage those decisions one at a time. They rethink those decisions to
come up with a careful decision. In such decisions that a person successfully
decide gives him experience that will further help him when there’s a big decision
to be made which requires more courage.
“The disciplined person is the person who can do what needs to be done when it
needs to be done.”
Success in life is the product of a discipline self. One of the best ways to
develop discipline is to delay gratification. Temptation in bad things and able to
say no to that, means you have a good discipline to yourself. Being a disciplined
person, deciding on right decisions is easy for you.
It is also said that, “A discipline person is always punctual, does his work
without being told, and follow rules and regulations without being watch”.
A person who is discipline is a good type of person to work on. You can
give him task that you are sure will return good outputs. Also focus is their in
work and you won’t have a hard time in giving task. The only thing you need to
do is guide that person to the right path.
Page 10 of 106
Chapter 7: How to Develop the “Midas Touch”
“We make commitments with care, and then live up to them. In all things we do
what we say we are going to do.”
We keep our promise even when it hurts because it will be twice painful to
the person you have promised if you cannot fulfill the promise.
Book Review 6
2. Chapter 2: Check Your Moral Compass “We know darn well what is
right and wrong.”
“We are not always required to do what is right and proper. Decency and
generosity, for instance, carry no legal mandate. Pure ethics are optional”
Page 11 of 106
- Laws define courses to which we must legally adhere or avoid.
Ethics are standards of conduct that we ought to follow. There is
some overlap of the two, but virtuous behavior usually is left to
individual discretion. All the professional training in the world does
not guarantee moral leadership. Unlike laws, virtue cannot be
politically mandated, let alone enforced by bureaucrats, but that
doesn’t stop them from trying.
“It’s okay to negotiate tough business deals, but do it with both hands on
the table and sleeves rolled up.”
Book Review 7
Leadership is not just for people at the top. Everyone can learn to lead by
discovering the power that lies within each one of us to make a difference and
being prepared when the call to lead comes.
Albert Einstein once said, "We should take care not to make the intellect our god;
it has, of course, powerful muscles but no personality. It cannot lead; it can only
serve." Leaders know and science has discovered emotionality's deeper
Page 12 of 106
purpose: the timeworn mechanisms of emotion allow two human beings to
receive the contents of each other's minds.
Emotion is the messenger of love; it is the vehicle that carries every signal from
one brimming heart to another.
Leadership is applicable to all facets of life: a competency that you can learn to
expand your perspective, set the context of a goal, understands the dynamics of
human behavior and takes the initiative to get to where you want to be.
Chapter 5: Keep Your Word: It’s high time to corral the corporate lawyers.
“Human beings are innately honest, but if you pack legal heat, the other side will
do likewise”
Lawyers lie and therefore other lawyers lie to keep up. It’s not that lawyers are
inherently unethical or evil, certainly no more so than members of any other
profession. It’s a matter of lawyers overriding personal ethics with professional
standards. Lawyers are taught to represent the best interest of their clients even
if that mandate means inflicting unnecessary harm to the other side.
I think this statement careers all over the road - first, I'm not sure most people are
innately honest, but let's say they are. Next, we have to decode what "legal heat"
means - does it mean a thorough knowledge of the applicable law, or does it
mean someone who will warp, intimidate, and fabricate whatever it takes to
prevail legally? Even if we assume the worst, say, the latter, then what kind of
legal heat is meant by the other side doing likewise?
I think a genuinely honest person will respond to "legal heat" in the worst sense
with honesty, and as thorough knowledge of the law as possible. It would make
an honest person vomit to "win" by cheating, even against a cheater.
Lawyers who say, “yeah but this is the real world here, no place for ideals” - are
wrong.
Page 13 of 106
The purpose of packing legal heat is to do what ever it takes to get the outcome
you desire. Of course if you sue some one they will get an attorney and that
attorney will do what ever it takes, such as lie through omission, leave out
important details or even happen to have you conveniently forget what happened.
In other terms when you turn to the law for your solution, you will leave honesty
and the rest of your character behind and the other side will sink to your level.
When one does well, the others are lifted. When one stumbles, others also are
impacted.
Book Review 8
“Each of us has a stake in the accomplishments and failures of those around us;
each of us holds an interest in the deeds of others.”
Your stake in the accomplishments and failures of others is that you learn from
others before you make the same mistakes. And our interest in the deeds of
others is so that we can surmise what we are becoming, be it good or bad, and
make changes.
Page 14 of 106
“It makes no difference where one lives. Everyone wants to feel noticed,
respected, and valued.”
Not everybody wants to be noticed, respected and valued though. Some people
are actually stuck in the exact opposite and are considered sadomasochists,
freaks, or codependent.
These also apply to young children who want always to be the center of attention.
They cry if they feel not valued, noticed, and respected. They act like spoiled brat
when things don’t go right to what they expected to be. It’s an inbuilt human
thingy that compels us to have a self-centered egocentrism. An egocentric
person has no theory of mind, cannot "put himself in other people's shoes," and
believes everyone sees what he sees (or that what he sees in some way
exceeds what others see.)
It appears that this is shown mostly in younger children. They are unable to
separate their own beliefs, thoughts and ideas from others. For example, if a
child sees that there is candy in a box, he assumes that someone else walking
into the room also knows that there is candy in that box. He reasons that "since I
know it, you should too". As stated previously this may be rooted in the limitations
in the child's theory of mind skills. However, it does not mean that children are
unable to put their selves in someone else's shoes. As far as feelings are
concerned, it is shown that children exhibit empathy early on and are able to
cooperate with others and be aware of their needs and wants.
(According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egocentrism)
“True giving is doing something for somebody who can never repay you”
Similar to the quote “Helping Hands is better Than Praying Lips.”, even though
when you do something for people, and they can’t do something back for you, it’s
a good thing it feels good or when you do something for people its okay that they
can’t repay you because it’s a good thing. It is also means that giving someone
something or doing something for someone who can't give or do something in
return, is 'true' giving. You're doing it for the right reasons, not because you know
you'll get something in return! Very true!
I can also say, "I love to do random acts of kindness" and you do get repaid by
the feeling you get by doing this.
Page 15 of 106
It means also that it is noble of the person who helps others that cannot repay
because that person did it for the true meaning of helping and not for the chance
of being repaid. I would rather it be like that because, while some recipients may
not appreciate it, some would be inclined to do the same for somebody else.
Book Review 9
Every individual can decide what ever he wants at his own free will but it
was restricted by the law to give balance to human activities and actions. Every
individual’s choices and decisions have negative and positive consequences this
is why every individual is held responsible for the exercise of his freedom or
freedom of actions. We have freedom, yes, but our freedom must consider the
laws to be free from wrong actions.
“When one overcomes the obstacle in life and begins to exist freely, he is
required to be responsible for his freedom”
In a case of a criminal imprisoned for several years and was freed for
some reasons, now he’s free to begin a new life again. He is required to be
responsible for his freedom in order to not commit a sin again punishable by the
law of the country. Learn from the trials you’ve gone trough to lead you in the
right way. This is like you were given another chance for a change, a change to
be good or to be totally bad.
Page 16 of 106
Chapter 3: Development of Ethical Standards in business
“Every individual has biases, but the management of organizations does not
understand it very well”
Book Review 10
“While people develop their own values, some of them avoid ethical questions or
remain neutral”
People who spend years in work and get use to it. They must have to
learn to adapt if some transitions or changes happens. Like if their companies
working on embrace the good benefits that technology gives.
Page 17 of 106
Chapter 6: Wages and Working Conditions
“People do not work merely for their own satisfaction but need outside
recognition”
Book Review 11
“No great human achievement has ever been accomplished without trust. Nor
has been able to achieve greatness without trust”
Page 18 of 106
The dilemma of business is become acute. If business must go out and
get support from the government in solving its problems, it should be expected
that government, in the end, will control business. On this matter, James
Schlesinger pointed out: “Power, of course, is equivocal. It can be misused as it
can be well used.” (As said in the book)
“Although doubtless not all actions are moral actions, all actions may under
circumstances assume moral significance.”
Book Review 12
Page 19 of 106
Chapter 11: Bribery and Extortion in Business
Graft, the partner of corruption is the common yet one of the most severe
problems in the Philippines. There is graft because there are many people who
were under paid and forced to steal. The biggest grafters are the rich people or
the powerful people. Usually these are well-paid superiors with better
opportunities to steal. The more wealth they steal, the more encouraged they are
to steal more.
Graft gets worse and worse because the laws in the Philippines were not
properly implemented and use.
Book Review 13
Page 20 of 106
Chapter 13: Government Supervision and Control of Business
We can’t blame of what they become because they do not want that to
happen in their lives. Though the government has to do its job to eliminate the
anomalies in the society to preserve and promote peace and order
If they get the trust of the public they will make benefits to it. In business
more sales were expected to come while in the government side, people will lend
their support in every decisions and project of the government.
Peoples’ trust is very important for the future of the nation. This is why first
world countries remain and continuously progressing.
In every business there are job opportunities for the people. It serves also
the needs of the people. Business contributes to society’s needs and wants.
Business also helps the economy to be stable and good. People’s interests are
best served if it has a contribution to the societal development.
Page 21 of 106
Business organizations are agencies of society. They are organized for
the purpose of enabling society to realize some public ends, while maintaining its
private interests. They are instruments to secure efficient management of the
economic resources of society.
Book Review 14
Yes it is true that justice is like fairness but justice can be manipulated and
can be unfair or unjust.
In the Philippines only the rich and powerful receive justice and can
manipulate justice. Justice in the Philippines is not free. Justice here is bought
and not given for free.
Page 22 of 106
Good corporate governance is a top management with a mix of skills,
experience, expertise, independence and the integrity for ethical decision making.
The vital components of organizations’ corporate governance are the people
involved in governing the body, and the culture and values of the organization.
Page 23 of 106
Case Study
Company Pirates
Page 24 of 106
Planted booby trapped versions of (page 1) Ethan starts poking
songs and films to frustrate around on the company’s servers
downloader (MediaDefender). He found folder
after folder labeled with the names
(Commandment number 2): Thou shall of some of the largest media
not interfere with other people’s companies on the planet: News
computer work in forms of sending Corp, Time Warner, Universal.
thoughtless stuffs on the internet
It violates the third commandment:
Thou shall not snoop around in other
peoples’ work.
The record industry shut down (page 2) Ethan says, he figured out
Napster how to read MediaDefenders’ email.
Trace people who upload files so (page 2) listen to its phone calls.
they can sue them
It violates the tenth commandment:
(Commandment number 3): Thou shall Thou shall use computer in ways that
not snoop around people’s work— ensure consideration and respect for
uploads are still private and tracking it your fellow humans.
will be a form of snooping around files
Page 25 of 106
(California Bill) Crack down on pre- (page 2) Access just about any of
texting—a practice if using false the company’s computers he
pretenses to get personal wanted to browse.
information about someone
It violates the third commandment:
(Myth number 6): Information is not Thou shall not snoop around in other
neutral and amoral—information is a peoples’ work.
double edged sword that is why they
should use it with care and acquire it in
a proper manner.
The biggest spear in the neck for the (page 2) He uncovered the salaries
pirates: being vigilant, prosecuting, of the top engineers as well as
and making fun of them. names and contact information
kept by C.E.O. and co-founder
(Commandment number 10) Thou shall Randy Saaf (with notations of who
always use a computer in ways that in the videogame industry is
ensure consideration and respect for an ”asshole” and which venture
your fellow humans—making fun of capitalists didn’t come through
other people though for a good cause, with financing).
still is not a good act.
It violates the second commandment:
thou shall not interfere with other
people’s computer work.
Holly wood tried lobbying Sweden to (page 2) He also figured out how
do something about the Pirate Bay. the firm’s pirate-fighting software
works.
(Commandment number 4) Thou shall
not use a computer to steal— It violates the third commandment:
information cost a lot nowadays, that is Thou shall not snoop around in other
why stealing it means stealing money peoples’ work.
Police confiscated 186 pieces of (page 6) Sunde then reads the reply
computer equipment and hauled in he is about to post: “For fuck’s
Svartholm and Neji for questioning sake,” it begins, “get your facts
Page 26 of 106
straight, and become more
(Myth number 9): Business Ethics is insulting from there.
not a matter of good guys pressured by
bad guys—it should be not bias to any It violates the second commandment:
of the side unless it harmed a person’s Thou shall not interfere other peoples
well-being. computer works.
Executives sent flurries of emails (page 3) “These guys are not right;
about how to stage-manage product I’m going to destroy them.” Says
demonstrations Ethan
Page 27 of 106
Corruption, one of the major problems in the Philippines that exist several
decades ago and until now it does prosper. In the recent issue of the automated
voting during the elections, we all know that it was not approve to be use even
though many people say that it will really help the voters protect their vote and
have accurate results in the number of vote. How come that this system that was
implement in a more corrupt country of India, Andra Pradesh? I was shock that it
does help the country a lot and many people adapt to the changes that was
happened.
We have lots of brilliant people. But this people rather consider working to
other countries because of the kind of government we have and the kind of life
that we have that the government failed to do something to make it good.
Philippines is left behind, the only thing I can say that we can be proud of is our
beautiful sceneries.
I hope that our government starts embracing what is now develop in the
modern world we have because if they does go with the flow of changes, expect
the skyrocket of the good productivity of the country.
Casas Bahia is a retail store chain which primary products are furnitures
and home appliances. It was founded in 1957 by Polish immigrant Samuel Klein,
who began his career by selling blankets, bed linens, and bath towels door to
door in Sao Caetano del Sul.
As you can see both the organization and the consumer benefits in this
type of business. We know that majority of the people living in Brazil are
Page 28 of 106
considered as people at the bottom of the pyramid or in short poor, they won’t be
able to afford buying products other than their basic needs. Since this kind of
business offers products that targets consumer needs in a considerable price for
their status in life, Casa Bahia would probably get a lot of sales and earn profit.
3. I think the concept about whistle blowing comes in with this one. Since it
would be dangerous and many people could be harmed on this project.
Even though it will affect my career, thinking for the sake of good and
mankind are still important. If they will layoff me to some future projects
and signs of not liking me which is a signal of retiring, there are still good
companies with outstanding goals to work with and has promising career
for a great future. Although the concept of whistle blowing is not that good,
whistle blowing comes in not just a personal issue but also as a command
or requirement.
4. I need to whistle blow again here. What if many people ride on the new
transport system and die. It will not make me sleep and my conscience will
make me crazy because in the first place I know that the project is not
possible and there are many errors on the design. Whistle blowing will
help the people to be in danger.
Page 29 of 106
5. If it is only for personal gain or for personal satisfaction or for others. I
think in this case whistle blowing is essential. There are exceptions that
whistle blowing will be passed for this issue only.
“CEMEX”
Patrimonio Hoy is the system behind the social capital. Social capital is
all about helping the lower classes and the CEMEX Company should
maitain their word, honor and reputation. Patrimonio Hoy means
“saving property today”.
The Patrimonio Hoy system will become effective when the families
have money left to save they can join it in the pool once a week or
Page 30 of 106
intervals. The pool is used for unanticipated family emergencies,
education and housing.
Page 31 of 106
• Promoters of of Patrimonio Hoy are the ones who are responsible
for recruiting potential customers and they are the one who educate
those who are not yet part of the Patrimonio Hoy system.
• The socios and the partners are the one can be considered as the
much loyal customers or members of the Patrimonio Hoy system. They
are also helping incase of emergency.
• CEMEX is the largest cement provider in Mexico, they have the
bargaining power with their suppliers and their distributors. They
negotiate with their suppliers in their three key factors. First is by
generating a steady demand for materials. Second is they create
consistent revenue stream and third is they are ensuring zero-risk
collection of money.
• For the distributors, they negotiated with the percentage that the
distributor will get but they still compromised that even the percent will
drop by 3%, it will ensure them continuous business because of the
steady demand for orders.
12. How can Patrimonio Hoy offer a slightly higher price than its
competitors and maintain a competitive edge?
Page 32 of 106
The money that the socios or the people saving will still be enough
when they decide to use it since the price would not change and will be
constant. They would just have to contribute at a given period.
14. Intuitively, doing with business with a low income group would be
riskier than traditional lending models but it is profitable for
Patrimonio Hoy. Why?
They say that the risks are not much high and they even implemented
some things, which made their socios pay in the right time. They
established three important factors. First is the group commitment.
Second is the social capital and third is the penalty fee structure.
It helps the people learn how to save money for their future needs.
They gave them hope and chance that even though they have only low
incomes they still have the rights to have a house to have a better life
in living.
When people are finished building a part of their homes they will stop
the construction. For them it is enough for a while. It is not always a
100% chance that they will still continue constructing or expanding
their homes. It is a challenge for CEMEX to keep their clients
motivated in building their homes and continuing with the program.
It allows the Mexicans living in the United States to send their money
directly to cement distributors in Mexico. Distributors are the one
transacting between the company and its consumers. The main
purpose of Construmex is not for profit but for general awareness and
for the education of the people and also for the marketing of the
company.
Page 33 of 106
19. CEMEX Philippines is exploring the possibility of replicating the
Patrimonio Hoy system in the Philippines. What are the parallels
between the Mexican and the Philippine market?
Philippines and Mexican market are quite the same especially if they
will target the people belonging in the low income society. Many low
income communities especially the poor in the Philippines wants to
have a better place to live. Building such home for them is not that
easy and even not possible because of the low income they have. If
they will be offering the Patrimonio Hoy system here in the Philippines,
they will open new doors for the low-income Filipinos to have their own
homes.
Testifying for truth in exchange for the peaceful life you have is a very
tough decision. Such decision that Jun Lozada did does affect not only his life but
also the lives of his family. Jun Lozada earns my respect to him for speaking the
truth. The kind of decision he did is not ordinary, it requires such courage and
deep thinking. It is goof that he testify for the truth for us Filipinos to be aware of
how severe the corruption existing in our country. Philippines is left behind by
other countries because of this issues and problems never resolved and continue
to develop and increase. Jun Lozada’s testimony is the first step of changes in
our country. I hope that there are many people like him, brave enough to testify
for the truth.
Page 34 of 106
Another thing is that, I wish to those loyal officials in the government who
have great respect and love for our country to do corrective actions on such
problems like corruption. How will our country develop and improve if such
problems block its success and goals?
“Integrative Questions”
COPYRIGHT LAW
1. Lesson 1: Introduction
“What is Copyright”?
Page 35 of 106
- and you've made a COPY of it (which we'll talk about more below),
- then you've violated the copyright law. (As said in the text)
Page 36 of 106
“When is copying fair”?
- If you copy a little bit, use it for commentary, news reporting and parody.
- If you use someone’s work for commercial purposes and you earn
money and definitely without the consent of the owner then it is an unfair
copying and does violate the copyright law.
“What does illegal copying probably do to the one who does not want to
copy his work”?
- It depends on how you use his work. If you introduce it in the public
probably the life of the person you copy might be affected because that
person might not want publicity.
PRIVACY LAW
“What is privacy?”
- It is the power that protects and controls the information about you that
may be vulnerable to be known by other people.
Page 37 of 106
everything he purchase is charged to you. This is where information
privacy comes in and this is one of the hundred reasons why it is important.
- I think there are very few because there are many people who are very
good in hacking information no matter how powerful your firewall is.
16. Lesson 16: Privacy 4: Privacy and the Fourth Amendment, Part 1
- It is simply invading someone else right of privacy against any of his act
inside his property without physical harm.
17. Lesson 17: Privacy 5: Privacy and the Fourth Amendment, Part 2
- For me I don’t believe because in this modern world we have right now, a
lot of new technologies are invented and one of these technologies can be use
for such invasion of privacy.
18. Lesson 18: Privacy 6: Privacy and the Fourth Amendment, Part 3
- If it has go signal by the court and if the one being invaded is suspected
to involve in a crime.
- If in some cases it is for the sake of the truth. Like the early controversy
in the Philippines, the ZTE deal, star witness Jun Lozada is wire tapped by
someone on his calls. The one who done this kind of invasion just want to
know the truth because it does affect the entire people of the country, there lives,
future lives, food, shelter, job and etc.
Page 38 of 106
First there are exceptions to protect the service provider (AOL,
Compuserve, etc.). These allow the service provider to protect itself
against the harm that a user might cause, or against illegality that the user
might be engaged in. To this end, it is not a violation of ECPA for the service
provider to:
(1) keep a log of the messages sent and received, for example, to protect
against fraud or abuse; (2) assist an authorized law enforcement official to
intercept a message; (3) intercept messages when necessary to assure the
continuation of service or to protect the rights of the service provider.
21. Lesson 21: Privacy 9: ECPA: Material You Might Have Stored on Your
Computer
- Hackers are computer experts that tend to access information which they
were not allowed to or authorized to do so.
“What is Encryption?”
Page 39 of 106
“What is Anonymity”?
- It simply protects your identity. People will not know who post the
message.
- It is a boundary that between you and the one you are invading privacy.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
- EFF is the leading civil liberties group defending your rights in the digital
world.
Page 40 of 106
uses of your work — a “some rights reserved” copyright.”
(http://creativecommons.org/)
- Right now I think privacy and securities were seen not to be protected.
There are technologies available in the market that can pass through the
walls of privacy and securities.
“What can you say about the theft protection issue of Ohio University?”
- They should provide certain actions in order to secure their files. These
file are confidential and delicate and must have a necessary protection
against unauthorized individual who want to access it.
“What is PGP?”
Page 41 of 106
- Pretty Good Privacy is a computer program that provides cryptographic
privacy and authentication. PGP is often used for signing, encrypting and
decrypting e- mails to increase reliability for e-mail communications. It was
originally created by Philip Zimmermann in 1991.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy)
- Philip R. "Phil" Zimmermann Jr. (born February 12, 1954) is the creator
of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), the most widely used email encryption
software in the world [citation needed]. He is also known for his work in
VoIP encryption protocols, notably ZRTP and Zfone.
He was born in Camden, New Jersey. His father was a concrete mixer
truck driver. He received a B.S. degree in computer science from Florida
Atlantic University in Boca Raton in 1978.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Zimmermann)
Page 42 of 106
4. According to Yuri Jain of HLL, what is the connection between diarrheal
disease prevention and HLL products?
6. What was the impact of the Central American Hand washing Initiative to
its beneficiaries?
7. What was the reason for Dr. Vedana Shiva's opposition to the PPP? Is it
justified?
- Well I would rather decide to believe to the side who will give me a
convincing study they have about health and hygiene.
9. How did Lifebuoy re-brand itself? Do you agree with HLL Chairman
Marvinder Sing Banga's decision? Why/
- Before Lifebuoy target market are the men engage in sports, the athletes.
Now they target the entire family and this reassure the existing consumer that
Lifebuoy is health soap.
Page 43 of 106
10. What is Chairman Banga's approach to costing Lifebuoy? Do you agree
with this approach?
- This approach will surely work in the Philippines because many Filipino
people are unaware of the danger that diarrhea might cause and they also do not
value cleanliness, especially in the rural areas. So it is good that in their early
ages, they have the knowledge about this situation and so they can prevent it.
- Yes I think these tactics will work and I also think that this is enough for
the Filipino people who belongs in the bottom of the pyramid level. These tactics
will help these people to be educated about good health.
16. How did you think the Swasthya Chetna program impact HLL? Was it a
success?
Page 44 of 106
- HLL, through its innovative campaigns, has developed a link to use soap
to promote a healthy means of behavioral change and this increased the sales of
its low-cost mass-market soap. Educating about health benefits can also benefit
the company because they can create a higher perceived value for money and
thus increasing the customer’s demands. I think it was a success because of
increasing sales while decreasing cost of their company. (As said in the case)
17. How can wealthier Indian populations benefit from the health and
hygiene messages?
- They can benefit from these health hygiene and messages because
some wealthier Indians were busy on their work which gives them the lack of
information about health and the good benefits of hand washing.
18. Is the PPP scalable? What about the Swasthya Chetna program?
19. Yuri Jain claims that PPP has scale. Do you agree with him?
- Yes, because PPP engage in partnership with the government and other
big companies that can help sustain the needs of the program.
20. Why do you think PPP was slowed down while the Swathsya Chetna
program pushed through?
Page 45 of 106
- Security prevents unauthorized access to access to information. Privacy
is the right of individual to cover or hide his information from the public. Both
privacy and security is important in the information age because it helps protect
our important information against the public and unauthorized access by other
individuals.
- The importance of anonymity is that you can hide your identity and
protect yourself from individuals that do unnecessary things to your information,
but for just a minimum amount of time because there are technologies today that
can still access to your information even you are in anonymous state.
The recent Ultra stampede made ABS-CBN learn a lot. There’s a concert
conducted by ABS-CBN again in Ultra. They make sure that the securities were
tight and highly alert. The people who want to watch the concert were all tired
because of the long line in the ticket boot because of the security. This is an
example of security issues.
Page 46 of 106
- No personal privacy is not dead because the law gives every individual
the right for their privacy and protected by it. Though the right of privacy is
invaded if a person is suspected for a crime.
- As how technology rapidly growing same with identity theft. There are
technologies that can prevent identity theft but there are also technology that can
be use to steal someone’s identity.
- Aside from the advance technologies today, people have also poor
knowledge on how to protect their privacy.
Apply and understand these protection policies to help you protect your
information:
Page 47 of 106
- Legal – Be knowledgeable about the laws that protect the individual’s
privacy to help protect your information.
- In the internet, people will not know your identity so you can do what
ever unethical activities you want. This is how anonymity works.
13. Are the steps given in Section 5.4.5 enough to prevent identity theft?
Can you add more?
- I think I will add another step which is self governance. Self governance
helps decrease curiosity of the people who try to access someone’s information.
15. Modern day information mining is as good as gold! Why or why not?
Page 48 of 106
- The Act aims to limit financial institutions such as banks and brokerages
from sharing customers’ personal information with third parties. The Act also tries
in some way to protect the customer through three requirements that the
institutions must disclose to us:
- Privacy Policy - through which the institution is bound to tell us the types
of information the institution collects and has about us and how it uses that
information.
- It is costly and there are many requirements needed to comply and the
risk of piracy when sold in public.
- Yes because this separates the difference of the original software from
fake because of the label.
Page 49 of 106
- Common issue is piracy. A customer buys software and the customer
makes copies of it.
- I forgot the title of that movie I’ve watch, but there’s this quote said their,
that I still keep in mind “Human knowledge belongs to the world”. Similar to
software inventions, they believe that it is for the public and will help
communities or people to make their lives easier.
7. Why is the copyright law, in its present form, considered to be
unenforceable?
- People violate this law for their personal interest. Some of them are
unaware of the copyright law. Others also were not aware that they are
violating the copyright law. And some also were unable to tract by authorities.
- People have different views about the copyright law. It is better that
these views are well gathered, planned, and modify to come up with a
universal law that everyone agrees.
- It will affect the survival of the companies offering good software. Many
companies would probably experience low sales of their software products. It
will also affect the consumers in choosing effective software products.
11. Because of income disparities between north and south, and have
and have-nots, fair pricing of computer products is impossible.
Discuss.
Page 50 of 106
- Yes I do agree because each country in the globe has different economic
status. Software companies should consider the situation and provides
strategic ways on how they will capitalize their products.
- Yes true because they first value their basic needs and they want a
cheaper products so they tend to embrace piracy. I can say that companies
producing original products get low sales in the poor countries because their
products were being pirated.
- Yes because people want to buy cheap products in order to save money
for more important uses.
14. What do you think is the cause of the rising cost of software?
Reference:
Kizza, Joseph Migga(2007). Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age.
Third Edition. Springer-Verlag London Limited. 2007.
Page 51 of 106
1. What is the innovation of Jaipur Foot?
Jaipur foot is design base on the active lifestyle of the poor. This product gives
hope for the poor amputee people who can’t afford prosthetic products. The price
is not like the usual price of other prosthetic products. Jaipur foot is more
affordable and can be afford by the poor people.
Jaipur foot sells prosthetic products that are affordable by the poor amputees.
They target the poor amputee people for them to continue their normal lives.
Jaipur Foot’s main beneficiaries are those amputees that are poor.
We are all aware of the war in Afghanistan. There are so many bombs and
landmines in the country. In fact there are so many victims of landmines which
cause to have more amputees in Afghanistan. Jaipur foot target this country
because there are many poor people here who can’t afford expensive prosthetic
products.
5. How does Jaipur Foot's product pricing compare with the West?
Jaipuf Foot’s products are cheap yet high quality than the western prosthetic
products.
Gait cycle is an activity that happen when the heel strike of a limb and the
succeeding heel strike of the same limb. It is also as the rhythmic alternating
movements of the two lower extremities.
The first Jaipur Foot artificial limb is not flexible enough and doesn’t allow normal
range of motion. It is limited to few movements. Then the developers came up
the idea of making an artificial limb that is flexible and motions like a normal foot.
He applies rubber in the artificial limb in order for the user to walk easily.
Page 52 of 106
Jaipur Foot’s process products must be capable of squatting, sitting cross-legged,
walking on uneven ground and can use to walk barefooted.
10. How can you compare the raw materials for Jaipur Foot vs. other
products?
Jaipur Foot’s raw materials are locally available and it does not require special
procurement agreements.
11. Explain a typical fitting day for a Jaipur Foot? How does it compare
with the West?
Jaipur foot designs each of their patients with prosthetic leg and fit it in one day.
They serve their patients with free meals and accommodation of the patient’s
family members. In the west, customers tend to have many schedule in
examinations of their needed prosthetics and because of that, it increases the
cost by the customers. It also makes the customers to experience exhaustion of
waiting.
12. What is the BMVSS? How does Jaipur Foot conduct community
outreach?
BMVSS is an organization with an operating system which could have the Jaipur
Foot available to as many amputees as possible. BMVSS emphasizes an
approach to address the problems of the amputees including medical, financial
and social problems.
13. Compare Jaipur Foot with Ossur - which one is more competitive?
Why?
The Jaipur foot has a greater cost in creating its products and Ossur have a
greater cost in the administrative and operation cost. I think that Jaipur Foot is
more competitive because even though the price is design for the amputees of
the poor, it does have good quality and Jaipur foot focus their products of their on
quality and not in promotion like other products do.
Page 53 of 106
Jaipur Foot model is scalable because they have successful operations in other
countries.
It reduces the cost of manufacturing a Jaipur Foot product. It also decreases the
weight of the product and it will become more durable and comfortable to use.
Obama
"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union ..." — 221 years ago, in a
hall that still stands across the street, a group of men gathered and, with these
simple words, launched America's improbable experiment in democracy.
Farmers and scholars, statesmen and patriots who had traveled across an ocean
to escape tyranny and persecution finally made real their declaration of
independence at a Philadelphia convention that lasted through the spring of 1787.
The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished. It
was stained by this nation's original sin of slavery, a question that divided the
colonies and brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to
allow the slave trade to continue for at least 20 more years, and to leave any final
resolution to future generations.
Page 54 of 106
Of course, the answer to the slavery question was already embedded within our
Constitution — a Constitution that had at is very core the ideal of equal
citizenship under the law; a Constitution that promised its people liberty and
justice and a union that could be and should be perfected over time.
And yet words on a parchment would not be enough to deliver slaves from
bondage, or provide men and women of every color and creed their full rights
and obligations as citizens of the United States. What would be needed were
Americans in successive generations who were willing to do their part — through
protests and struggles, on the streets and in the courts, through a civil war and
civil disobedience, and always at great risk — to narrow that gap between the
promise of our ideals and the reality of their time.
This was one of the tasks we set forth at the beginning of this presidential
campaign — to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march
for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous
America. I chose to run for president at this moment in history because I believe
deeply that we cannot solve the challenges of our time unless we solve them
together, unless we perfect our union by understanding that we may have
different stories, but we hold common hopes; that we may not look the same and
we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the
same direction — toward a better future for our children and our grandchildren.
This belief comes from my unyielding faith in the decency and generosity of the
American people. But it also comes from my own story.
I am the son of a black man from Kenya and a white woman from Kansas. I was
raised with the help of a white grandfather who survived a Depression to serve in
Patton's Army during World War II and a white grandmother who worked on a
bomber assembly line at Fort Leavenworth while he was overseas. I've gone to
some of the best schools in America and lived in one of the world's poorest
nations. I am married to a black American who carries within her the blood of
slaves and slaveowners — an inheritance we pass on to our two precious
daughters. I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins of
every race and every hue, scattered across three continents, and for as long as I
live, I will never forget that in no other country on Earth is my story even possible.
It's a story that hasn't made me the most conventional of candidates. But it is a
story that has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more
than the sum of its parts — that out of many, we are truly one.
Throughout the first year of this campaign, against all predictions to the contrary,
we saw how hungry the American people were for this message of unity. Despite
the temptation to view my candidacy through a purely racial lens, we won
commanding victories in states with some of the whitest populations in the
Page 55 of 106
country. In South Carolina, where the Confederate flag still flies, we built a
powerful coalition of African-Americans and white Americans.
This is not to say that race has not been an issue in this campaign. At various
stages in the campaign, some commentators have deemed me either "too black"
or "not black enough." We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface during the
week before the South Carolina primary. The press has scoured every single exit
poll for the latest evidence of racial polarization, not just in terms of white and
black, but black and brown as well.
And yet, it has only been in the last couple of weeks that the discussion of race in
this campaign has taken a particularly divisive turn.
On one end of the spectrum, we've heard the implication that my candidacy is
somehow an exercise in affirmative action; that it's based solely on the desire of
wide-eyed liberals to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap. On the other
end, we've heard my former pastor, Jeremiah Wright, use incendiary language to
express views that have the potential not only to widen the racial divide, but
views that denigrate both the greatness and the goodness of our nation, and that
rightly offend white and black alike.
But the remarks that have caused this recent firestorm weren't simply
controversial. They weren't simply a religious leader's efforts to speak out against
perceived injustice. Instead, they expressed a profoundly distorted view of this
country — a view that sees white racism as endemic, and that elevates what is
wrong with America above all that we know is right with America; a view that
sees the conflicts in the Middle East as rooted primarily in the actions of stalwart
allies like Israel, instead of emanating from the perverse and hateful ideologies of
radical Islam.
As such, Reverend Wright's comments were not only wrong but divisive, divisive
at a time when we need unity; racially charged at a time when we need to come
together to solve a set of monumental problems — two wars, a terrorist threat, a
falling economy, a chronic health care crisis and potentially devastating climate
change — problems that are neither black or white or Latino or Asian, but rather
problems that confront us all.
Page 56 of 106
Given my background, my politics, and my professed values and ideals, there will
no doubt be those for whom my statements of condemnation are not enough.
Why associate myself with Reverend Wright in the first place, they may ask?
Why not join another church? And I confess that if all that I knew of Reverend
Wright were the snippets of those sermons that have run in an endless loop on
the television sets and YouTube, or if Trinity United Church of Christ conformed
to the caricatures being peddled by some commentators, there is no doubt that I
would react in much the same way.
But the truth is, that isn't all that I know of the man. The man I met more than 20
years ago is a man who helped introduce me to my Christian faith, a man who
spoke to me about our obligations to love one another, to care for the sick and lift
up the poor. He is a man who served his country as a United States Marine; who
has studied and lectured at some of the finest universities and seminaries in the
country, and who for over 30 years has led a church that serves the community
by doing God's work here on Earth — by housing the homeless, ministering to
the needy, providing day care services and scholarships and prison ministries,
and reaching out to those suffering from HIV/AIDS.
"People began to shout, to rise from their seats and clap and cry out, a forceful
wind carrying the reverend's voice up into the rafters. And in that single note —
hope! — I heard something else: At the foot of that cross, inside the thousands of
churches across the city, I imagined the stories of ordinary black people merging
with the stories of David and Goliath, Moses and Pharaoh, the Christians in the
lion's den, Ezekiel's field of dry bones. Those stories — of survival and freedom
and hope — became our stories, my story. The blood that spilled was our blood,
the tears our tears, until this black church, on this bright day, seemed once more
a vessel carrying the story of a people into future generations and into a larger
world. Our trials and triumphs became at once unique and universal, black and
more than black. In chronicling our journey, the stories and songs gave us a
meaning to reclaim memories that we didn't need to feel shame about —
memories that all people might study and cherish, and with which we could start
to rebuild."
That has been my experience at Trinity. Like other predominantly black churches
across the country, Trinity embodies the black community in its entirety — the
doctor and the welfare mom, the model student and the former gang-banger.
Like other black churches, Trinity's services are full of raucous laughter and
sometimes bawdy humor. They are full of dancing and clapping and screaming
and shouting that may seem jarring to the untrained ear. The church contains in
full the kindness and cruelty, the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance,
the struggles and successes, the love and, yes, the bitterness and biases that
make up the black experience in America.
Page 57 of 106
And this helps explain, perhaps, my relationship with Reverend Wright. As
imperfect as he may be, he has been like family to me. He strengthened my faith,
officiated my wedding, and baptized my children. Not once in my conversations
with him have I heard him talk about any ethnic group in derogatory terms, or
treat whites with whom he interacted with anything but courtesy and respect. He
contains within him the contradictions — the good and the bad — of the
community that he has served diligently for so many years.
I can no more disown him than I can disown the black community. I can no more
disown him than I can disown my white grandmother — a woman who helped
raise me, a woman who sacrificed again and again for me, a woman who loves
me as much as she loves anything in this world, but a woman who once
confessed her fear of black men who passed her by on the street, and who on
more than one occasion has uttered racial or ethnic stereotypes that made me
cringe.
These people are a part of me. And they are part of America, this country that I
love.
Some will see this as an attempt to justify or excuse comments that are simply
inexcusable. I can assure you it is not. I suppose the politically safe thing to do
would be to move on from this episode and just hope that it fades into the
woodwork. We can dismiss Reverend Wright as a crank or a demagogue, just as
some have dismissed Geraldine Ferraro, in the aftermath of her recent
statements, as harboring some deep-seated bias.
But race is an issue that I believe this nation cannot afford to ignore right now.
We would be making the same mistake that Reverend Wright made in his
offending sermons about America — to simplify and stereotype and amplify the
negative to the point that it distorts reality.
The fact is that the comments that have been made and the issues that have
surfaced over the last few weeks reflect the complexities of race in this country
that we've never really worked through — a part of our union that we have not yet
made perfect. And if we walk away now, if we simply retreat into our respective
corners, we will never be able to come together and solve challenges like health
care or education or the need to find good jobs for every American.
Page 58 of 106
Segregated schools were and are inferior schools; we still haven't fixed them, 50
years after Brown v. Board of Education. And the inferior education they provided,
then and now, helps explain the pervasive achievement gap between today's
black and white students.
A lack of economic opportunity among black men, and the shame and frustration
that came from not being able to provide for one's family contributed to the
erosion of black families — a problem that welfare policies for many years may
have worsened. And the lack of basic services in so many urban black
neighborhoods — parks for kids to play in, police walking the beat, regular
garbage pickup, building code enforcement — all helped create a cycle of
violence, blight and neglect that continues to haunt us.
This is the reality in which Reverend Wright and other African-Americans of his
generation grew up. They came of age in the late '50s and early '60s, a time
when segregation was still the law of the land and opportunity was systematically
constricted. What's remarkable is not how many failed in the face of
discrimination, but how many men and women overcame the odds; how many
were able to make a way out of no way, for those like me who would come after
them.
For all those who scratched and clawed their way to get a piece of the American
Dream, there were many who didn't make it — those who were ultimately
defeated, in one way or another, by discrimination. That legacy of defeat was
passed on to future generations — those young men and, increasingly, young
women who we see standing on street corners or languishing in our prisons,
without hope or prospects for the future. Even for those blacks who did make it,
questions of race and racism continue to define their worldview in fundamental
ways. For the men and women of Reverend Wright's generation, the memories of
humiliation and doubt and fear have not gone away; nor has the anger and the
bitterness of those years. That anger may not get expressed in public, in front of
white co-workers or white friends. But it does find voice in the barbershop or the
beauty shop or around the kitchen table. At times, that anger is exploited by
politicians, to gin up votes along racial lines, or to make up for a politician's own
failings.
Page 59 of 106
And occasionally it finds voice in the church on Sunday morning, in the pulpit and
in the pews. The fact that so many people are surprised to hear that anger in
some of Reverend Wright's sermons simply reminds us of the old truism that the
most segregated hour of American life occurs on Sunday morning. That anger is
not always productive; indeed, all too often it distracts attention from solving real
problems; it keeps us from squarely facing our own complicity within the African-
American community in our condition, and prevents the African-American
community from forging the alliances it needs to bring about real change. But the
anger is real; it is powerful. And to simply wish it away, to condemn it without
understanding its roots, only serves to widen the chasm of misunderstanding that
exists between the races.
In fact, a similar anger exists within segments of the white community. Most
working- and middle-class white Americans don't feel that they have been
particularly privileged by their race. Their experience is the immigrant experience
— as far as they're concerned, no one handed them anything. They built it from
scratch. They've worked hard all their lives, many times only to see their jobs
shipped overseas or their pensions dumped after a lifetime of labor. They are
anxious about their futures, and they feel their dreams slipping away. And in an
era of stagnant wages and global competition, opportunity comes to be seen as a
zero sum game, in which your dreams come at my expense. So when they are
told to bus their children to a school across town; when they hear an African-
American is getting an advantage in landing a good job or a spot in a good
college because of an injustice that they themselves never committed; when
they're told that their fears about crime in urban neighborhoods are somehow
prejudiced, resentment builds over time.
Like the anger within the black community, these resentments aren't always
expressed in polite company. But they have helped shape the political landscape
for at least a generation. Anger over welfare and affirmative action helped forge
the Reagan Coalition. Politicians routinely exploited fears of crime for their own
electoral ends. Talk show hosts and conservative commentators built entire
careers unmasking bogus claims of racism while dismissing legitimate
discussions of racial injustice and inequality as mere political correctness or
reverse racism.
Page 60 of 106
This is where we are right now. It's a racial stalemate we've been stuck in for
years. Contrary to the claims of some of my critics, black and white, I have never
been so naïve as to believe that we can get beyond our racial divisions in a
single election cycle, or with a single candidacy — particularly a candidacy as
imperfect as my own.
For the African-American community, that path means embracing the burdens of
our past without becoming victims of our past. It means continuing to insist on a
full measure of justice in every aspect of American life. But it also means binding
our particular grievances — for better health care and better schools and better
jobs — to the larger aspirations of all Americans: the white woman struggling to
break the glass ceiling, the white man who has been laid off, the immigrant trying
to feed his family. And it means taking full responsibility for our own lives — by
demanding more from our fathers, and spending more time with our children, and
reading to them, and teaching them that while they may face challenges and
discrimination in their own lives, they must never succumb to despair or cynicism;
they must always believe that they can write their own destiny.
The profound mistake of Reverend Wright's sermons is not that he spoke about
racism in our society. It's that he spoke as if our society was static; as if no
progress had been made; as if this country — a country that has made it possible
for one of his own members to run for the highest office in the land and build a
coalition of white and black, Latino and Asian, rich and poor, young and old — is
still irrevocably bound to a tragic past. But what we know — what we have seen
— is that America can change. That is the true genius of this nation. What we
have already achieved gives us hope — the audacity to hope — for what we can
and must achieve tomorrow.
In the white community, the path to a more perfect union means acknowledging
that what ails the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of
black people; that the legacy of discrimination — and current incidents of
discrimination, while less overt than in the past — are real and must be
addressed, not just with words, but with deeds, by investing in our schools and
our communities; by enforcing our civil rights laws and ensuring fairness in our
criminal justice system; by providing this generation with ladders of opportunity
that were unavailable for previous generations. It requires all Americans to
Page 61 of 106
realize that your dreams do not have to come at the expense of my dreams; that
investing in the health, welfare and education of black and brown and white
children will ultimately help all of America prosper.
In the end, then, what is called for is nothing more and nothing less than what all
the world's great religions demand — that we do unto others as we would have
them do unto us. Let us be our brother's keeper, scripture tells us. Let us be our
sister's keeper. Let us find that common stake we all have in one another, and let
our politics reflect that spirit as well.
For we have a choice in this country. We can accept a politics that breeds
division and conflict and cynicism. We can tackle race only as spectacle — as we
did in the O.J. trial — or in the wake of tragedy — as we did in the aftermath of
Katrina — or as fodder for the nightly news. We can play Reverend Wright's
sermons on every channel, every day and talk about them from now until the
election, and make the only question in this campaign whether or not the
American people think that I somehow believe or sympathize with his most
offensive words. We can pounce on some gaffe by a Hillary supporter as
evidence that she's playing the race card, or we can speculate on whether white
men will all flock to John McCain in the general election regardless of his policies.
We can do that.
But if we do, I can tell you that in the next election, we'll be talking about some
other distraction. And then another one. And then another one. And nothing will
change.
That is one option. Or, at this moment, in this election, we can come together and
say, "Not this time." This time, we want to talk about the crumbling schools that
are stealing the future of black children and white children and Asian children and
Hispanic children and Native American children. This time, we want to reject the
cynicism that tells us that these kids can't learn; that those kids who don't look
like us are somebody else's problem. The children of America are not those kids,
they are our kids, and we will not let them fall behind in a 21st century economy.
Not this time.
This time we want to talk about how the lines in the emergency room are filled
with whites and blacks and Hispanics who do not have health care, who don't
have the power on their own to overcome the special interests in Washington,
but who can take them on if we do it together.
This time, we want to talk about the shuttered mills that once provided a decent
life for men and women of every race, and the homes for sale that once belonged
to Americans from every religion, every region, every walk of life. This time, we
want to talk about the fact that the real problem is not that someone who doesn't
Page 62 of 106
look like you might take your job; it's that the corporation you work for will ship it
overseas for nothing more than a profit.
This time, we want to talk about the men and women of every color and creed
who serve together and fight together and bleed together under the same proud
flag. We want to talk about how to bring them home from a war that should have
never been authorized and should have never been waged. And we want to talk
about how we'll show our patriotism by caring for them and their families, and
giving them the benefits that they have earned.
I would not be running for President if I didn't believe with all my heart that this is
what the vast majority of Americans want for this country. This union may never
be perfect, but generation after generation has shown that it can always be
perfected. And today, whenever I find myself feeling doubtful or cynical about this
possibility, what gives me the most hope is the next generation — the young
people whose attitudes and beliefs and openness to change have already made
history in this election.
There is one story in particularly that I'd like to leave you with today — a story I
told when I had the great honor of speaking on Dr. King's birthday at his home
church, Ebenezer Baptist, in Atlanta.
There is a young, 23-year-old white woman named Ashley Baia who organized
for our campaign in Florence, S.C. She had been working to organize a mostly
African-American community since the beginning of this campaign, and one day
she was at a roundtable discussion where everyone went around telling their
story and why they were there.
And Ashley said that when she was 9 years old, her mother got cancer. And
because she had to miss days of work, she was let go and lost her health care.
They had to file for bankruptcy, and that's when Ashley decided that she had to
do something to help her mom.
She knew that food was one of their most expensive costs, and so Ashley
convinced her mother that what she really liked and really wanted to eat more
than anything else was mustard and relish sandwiches — because that was the
cheapest way to eat. That's the mind of a 9-year-old.
She did this for a year until her mom got better. So she told everyone at the
roundtable that the reason she joined our campaign was so that she could help
the millions of other children in the country who want and need to help their
parents, too.
Now, Ashley might have made a different choice. Perhaps somebody told her
along the way that the source of her mother's problems were blacks who were on
Page 63 of 106
welfare and too lazy to work, or Hispanics who were coming into the country
illegally. But she didn't. She sought out allies in her fight against injustice.
Anyway, Ashley finishes her story and then goes around the room and asks
everyone else why they're supporting the campaign. They all have different
stories and different reasons. Many bring up a specific issue. And finally they
come to this elderly black man who's been sitting there quietly the entire time.
And Ashley asks him why he's there. And he does not bring up a specific issue.
He does not say health care or the economy. He does not say education or the
war. He does not say that he was there because of Barack Obama. He simply
says to everyone in the room, "I am here because of Ashley."
But it is where we start. It is where our union grows stronger. And as so many
generations have come to realize over the course of the 221 years since a band
of patriots signed that document right here in Philadelphia, which is where the
perfection begins.
Reference: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88478467
I do not agree with the Malaysians because they can solve the issue
without doing this separation from Singapore. Now I can see that Malaysia made
a mistake on their decision in separating Singapore. As you can see Singapore’s
development is very astonishing and this small country became successful
compare to large countries.
Page 64 of 106
1. What is ICICI Bank's innovation?
The pilot project purveys micro credit to the rural poor by linking
self-help groups (SHGs) with banks. The pilot project was initiated because
in the 1981 RBI survey found out that 36% of the rural poor still utilized informal
sources of credit.
They focus on access to credit. They have small loans which the
key to sustainability becomes scale. Achieving such scale is very labor-intensive
and takes many years.
Page 65 of 106
6. What is the connection between Grameen Bank and Bank of
Madura?
It will give the poor people a chance to uplift their life. Micro lending
helps the poor people to have a chance to achieve future initiatives in life and to
their family.
Page 66 of 106
11. Discuss the possible implementation of a smart-card based payment
system? Would it work? Why?
12. Discuss the quote: "Banking with the pooer has undergone a
paradigm shift. It is no longer viewed as a mere social obligation. It is
financially viable as well". Do you think this quote can be applied in
the Philippines? Discuss.
Page 67 of 106
5. Why is the mandi not an optimal procurement channel?
When ITC entered the industry, produce was brought and crushed
by small crushers who were also traders. ITC began with buying and
exporting DOC in product dynamics. ITC then began renting processing
plant time and buying soya from mandis. ITC’s procurement has grown
rapidly since, and its initiative has seen the introduction of professional
practices, transparency, and formal contractual relationships between
agents and buyers. (As said in the case)
ITC gets all the good things about the failed system and dispose
those that made it wrong.
9. Was it wise for ITC to install an IT-driven solution where most people
would not?
10. Why does the ITC insist that the sanchalaks NOT give up farming?
11. Why did the samyojaks introduce the ITC to the sanchalaks?
It will give them positive feedback and good image. Also by helping
the sanchalaks they will earn money.
Page 68 of 106
12. Describe the new ITC value chain. How different is it from the former
value chain?
The first wave tells about acquiring the right crops. The 2 nd wave
tells about the preservation of identity through the chain. The third wave
tells about traceability into the supply chain. The fourth tells about creating
institutions. The fifth tells about marketing strategy and distribution
strategy. And the sixth and last tells about the other services. It is
feasible because it is taken one at a time and in step by step procedure
from the identification of crops to the additional services it can offer.
Page 69 of 106
3. According to Meyer, what are his findings regarding ICT projects?
5. What was the problem that Voxiva was originally designed to solve?
Page 70 of 106
Avoid stovepipes. Information systems should be integrated across
program.
Software is not a system. Deploying PCs and clinic-level software
does not produce an integrated national system.
Technology alone will fail. Change management and capacity
building are keys.
(As said in the case)
Ensures that its capacity to win new business does not outpace its
ability to deliver quality service
Focus on key opportunities and avoiding distraction
Deal with the challenges and long sales cycles of selling services to
governments and international development agencies.
Develop recurring revenue of business models that generate
revenue from local economies.
Foster continuing innovation
(As said in the case)
Page 71 of 106
Quizzes
Page 72 of 106
Chapter 2: Ethical Concepts and Ethical Theories: Establishing and
Justifying a Moral System
Review Questions:
- Personal morality has to do with narrating values that would best help
each of us make sense of our lives, to be good persons, realize a valuable
selfhood and/or live a good life. The values at stake in personal morality
need not be strictly moral. The goodness of our lives could be measured
in terms of our being happy, worthwhile or successful as well as the
traditional, moral, sense of the word. Defining what it is to be a good
Page 73 of 106
person, and to live a good life, is one of the questions that personal
morality must address. The function of personal morality is to help each of
us realize the meaning of our life in the world through being a person and
living the personal life of a self in the world. All persons can do and must
input values just in the process of being persons. Meaning is an output
value 'pointed at' by input values. So persons realize a meaning from
those values. That is why there are values in this and any other world
containing persons. And that is why what persons do in a world just is the
whole and only meaning of that world. Because we do and must live by
values, our lives do and must have meaning. And, because our personal
morality just is the sum of our input values, the meaning of our lives just is
a function of our personal morality in our personal circumstances.
- Gert points out that moral system has no formal authoritive judges
presiding over it. Moral system is similar to a game because everyone
must know the rules to follow.
The ideals of impartiality, morality is also rational, you will want to ensure
against the prospect of ending up in a group that is treated unfairly. Gert
invokes the “blindfold of justice” principle. It is like when you are put in a
situation where you need to decide which rules must be done but you
don’t have any idea because you can’t see the rules. The key here is you
will create your own rule where everyone will be treated fairly of that rule.
6. What are values, and what are some of the key differences between
moral values and nonmoral values?
Page 74 of 106
-Values can be either moral or non-moral.
- When used to further only our own self-interests, these values are not
necessarily moral values.
- Our core moral values are, in turn derived from certain core non-moral
values.
Page 75 of 106
9. How does a philosophical study differ from a descriptive study? Why
are sociological and anthropological studies of morality usually
descriptive rather than normative in nature?
Page 76 of 106
Also, we are sometimes required to make judgments about others.
4. Isn't morality simply a matter that different cultures and groups should
determine for themselves?
11. Why are these discussion stoppers problematic for the advancement
of dialogue and debate about ethical issues?
Stopper #1
Stopper #2
Page 77 of 106
Stopper #3
Stopper #4
- Cultural relativism is the principle that one's beliefs and activities should
be interpreted in terms of one's own culture.
Page 78 of 106
14. What are the distinguishing features of consequence-based ethical
theories?
15. Describe some of the key differences between act utilitarianism and
rule utilitarianism.
17. Describe some of the main differences between act deontology and
rule deontology.
Page 79 of 106
- Rule Deontology act always on that maxim or principle (or rule) which
ensures that all individuals will be treated as ends-in-themselves and
never merely as a means to an end.
- Act Deontology:
Ross argues that when two or more moral duties clash, we have to
look at individual situations to seewhich duty is overriding.
- Virtue ethics (also sometimes called "character ethics") ignores the roles
that consequences, duties, and social contracts play in moral systems in
determining the appropriate standard for evaluating moral behavior.
- Virtue ethics focuses on criteria having to do with the character
development of individuals and their acquisition of good character traits
from the kinds of habits they develop.
Page 80 of 106
b. Supports individual rights, the fulfilling of duties, etc.
2. Select the best policy from the set of just policies arrived at the
deliberation stage by ranking ethical policies in terms of benefits and
justifiable (harms). In doing this, be sure to:
Page 81 of 106
Project
Page 82 of 106
CODE OF ETHICS
CLASS 00A
Professor Paul Pajo Jr. II
Page 83 of 106
PREAMBLE
The Code applies to all IM PIONEERS. That this code is to promote the growth
of ethically responsible students and future professionals in the IT industry and
other fields through devotion to the premier standards of academic integrity and
overall ethical conduct, this will also develop a sense of individual responsibility
and also to become familiar with the policies and practices related to academic
dishonesty and to strengthen the boundary of this group.
INCORPORATED
MODEST
PROFESSIONAL
INNOVATIVE
OPTIMISTIC
NIFTY
ENTHUSIASTIC
ENTREPRENEURS
RESPECTING / RESPONSIBLE
SENSITIVE / SOCIAL
1. Incorporated
1.1. United. All for one and one for all. Consider your team as your family. A
broom cannot function without each and every parts working together.
1.2. A problem of one is should not be neglected unless given the consent of the
person. If you have the chance to help, then do it.
2. Modest
2.1. Do not be overconfident.
2.2. If you ever had fault, admit and apologize.
2.3. Clients are always right. They provide the information and specifications of
the job to be done, if you feel adding something, be polite enough and suggest.
3. Professional
3.1. Separate personal problems from work related task. If ever it is necessary
for experience, use it as reference only
3.2. Focus and keep your mind on your work.
3.3. Be serious. When working, be serious but not uptight.
4. Innovative
4.1. Aim to create new things, find ways to make work a lot easier
4.2. Traditional is not that bad. Use it as the basis for creating something better
than the traditional
4.3. Use what exist and create new things from the combined existing
Page 84 of 106
5. Optimistic
5.1. There is always a reason for everything, be positive.
5.2. Never-ends truth: At everything, every point, every way, there will always be
only one truth, the truth of reality.
6. Nifty
6.1. Aim for zero defects and variance, aim for perfection. Do not be contented
on what exist and do something to make it better.
Perfection may not be possible but at least it will lessen the defects and variance
and as time goes, it will lessen until it reaches zero.
6.2. Always have back-up for every work done. If ever something happens, then
you still have a back-up
6.3. Think before you act, there are many consequences and be ready to face it
as to what you have decided
6.4. Mistakes are inevitable, minimizing it is a goal. Chances are given for every
mistake; use it as the basis for improvement. Make sure to test each of your
works before release.
6.5 Risk is an aspect of life, a challenge: Life exists because of challenges,
challenges exist because of risk.
7. Enthusiastic
7.1. Application of what is learned is required. Exercise it everyday.
7.2. Do not rely much on what is there, experience is the best teacher
7.3. Do not be shy on giving your suggestions or sharing your ideas. There is no
wrong idea, only innovative ones.
87
7.4. Hope for the best and expect the worst. Don’t expect anything!
8. Entrepreneurs
8.1. Think of having profit in every product you have and its impact on the society
8.2. Always let your clients see the whole picture based on how you define it
8.3. Products are useless if there are no clients using it, be friendly enough to let
them know about what you have provided for them
9. Respecting/Responsible
9.1. Each one is unique, respect of each diversity and learns from them
9.2. Be responsible for your own actions. Think first before deciding and prepare
for the consequences that lie ahead.
9.3. Respect is given, not asked. Give respect to others, for them to return it to
you
9.4. Pick your words wisely
9.5. Respect privacy of other people.
9.6. Respect other’s beliefs and other’s words.
9.7. Respect all people in authority.
Page 85 of 106
10. Sensitive/Social
10.1. Be sensitive to other’s needs. Use it to build what is necessary
10.2. Be friendly and reach out to others. Don’t be afraid to socialize
10.3. Do not use this project for social purposes. Let it be a tool to ease man’s
work
10.4. If in case you see something wrong that would affect majority of the people,
ask your direct supervisor for that matter before taking further
Page 86 of 106
Philtop Industries, Incorporated
Corporate Social Responsibility
Page 87 of 106
Philtop Industries, Incorporated
Corporate Social Responsibility
Company Overview
Phil-Top Industrial Incorporated was established on 1988 with its initial location at
Malabon City. It first started in small business with 3 installed machines operating
to produce hanger, water dipper and clothes grip – the primary products of the
company. Winning customer’s attention and trust were two of their difficulties.
The Innovation…
It took the owner a lot of guts, hard work, patience, and determination to be able
to reach the company’s present standing. He himself went to Divisoria to promote
their products and attract more customers. With its uniquely innovated products,
the company was led to an unexpected success. Gradually, the company
expanded and was resettled to a larger space to accommodate more machines,
machine shop, recycling and mixer area, packaging area, and parking space for
loading. As years pass, customers and products continued to multiply so the
need for expansion had once again arise. That’s the time they bought two more
lots near the vicinity as warehouses. Presently, their products consists of kitchen
and house wares. The company offers different kinds of products that has many
stylish designs that cover various types such as house ware, kitchenware, even
school and office organizers; all to indulge the varied needs of each customer. All
through their operation, they offer goods to a very different market, which
includes wholesale and retail shops, department stores, supermarkets, and
promotional enterprises all over the country. The company’s service also
manufactures made-to-order molds for clients with particular needs.
Vision
Phil-Top and its quality products will be recognized and respected as the best
and most sought after plastic houseware products not just in the Philippines but
also internationally.
Mission
In order to realize our Vision, our Mission must be to exceed the expectations of
our clients. We will accomplish this by providing product quality management and
quality assurance in design, development, production, and even in transactions.
In this way we will ensure that our profit, quality, and ethical goals are met.
Page 88 of 106
Brief History
Phil-Top Industrial Incorporated was established on 1988 with its initial location at
Malabon City. It first started in small business with 3 installed machines operating
to produce hanger, water dipper and clothes grip – the primary products of the
company. Winning customer’s attention and trust were two of their difficulties. It
took the owner a lot of guts, hard work, patience, and determination to be able to
reach the company’s present standing. He himself went to Divisoria to promote
their products and attract more customers. With its uniquely innovated products,
the company was led to an unexpected success. Gradually, the company
expanded and was resettled to a larger space to accommodate more machines,
machine shop, recycling and mixer area, packaging area, and parking space for
loading. As years pass, customers and products continued to multiply so the
need for expansion had once again arise. That’s the time they bought two more
lots near the vicinity as warehouses. Presently, our products consists of kitchen
and house wares.
Page 89 of 106
Page 90 of 106
Page 91 of 106
Page 92 of 106
Page 93 of 106
Major Client’s Profile
2. SM Supermarket has become the most dominant player in the retail industry.
Having a national chain and housing over 3,000 employees, we maintain a
constant hiring, training and development process to meet the highest level of
competency and customer expectations.
Page 94 of 106
Page 95 of 106
Competitive Profile Matrix Explanation:
The Competitive Profile Matrix shows three aggressive companies, including the
PhilTop Industrial Inc. The group also included top two companies who produce
plastic products which are the Orocan and the Tupperware Company. The table
shows different critical success factors for the three companies. It has Product
Marketing, Resource Management, Product Quality, Machine Productivity and
Advertisement. Orocan has the highest total score which has 3.25, the
Tupperware placed second and the last, which is PhilTop that has 2.60. This
shows that PhilTop has poor advertising skills compared to other companies.
Strengths
Customization
Financial Stability
Cost Leadership
Employee Motivation
Weaknesses
Production Management
Page 96 of 106
Manual Inventory
Time Management
- PhilTop merges deliveries from two batches into one and it results
late delivery to other customers
Advertising
Page 97 of 106
Page 98 of 106
Internal Factor Evaluation
The company strives to be competitive and flexible in making their products
through their innovative designs and customizable product. Having a good
financial stability gives the company an advantage to buy and adapt new
technologies, and can fund employee motivation. Despite of the strength of the
company, the company has poor production management resolving poor quality
of product. The company is having a hard time monitoring their inventory and
there is always an excess in production because they don’t have an inventory
system to support their processes. The company also has a poor quality in
product, because they use recycled raw materials to produce the product again
to lessen the cost.
Competitors Profile
Orocan
Produced by the Ashlar Industrial Corporation in the 1990s, the name 'Orocan'
actually stands for their entire line of plastic products; which includes not just
their trademark plastic drum, but also laundry basins, coolers, jugs, pitchers,
utility storage, etc.
Alatone
Alatone Plastics Inc. was founded year 1969; emerge as one of the first
companies in the Philippine industry of manufacturing plastic products. Its
humble beginnings started by manufacturing only two items, pails and basins.
Today, Alatone Plastics is engage in producing various types of items such as
utility cans in different sizes, baskets, chairs, and drawer and multi-purpose
heavy-duty crates. The company is known for quality and durable plastic
products
Sanko
Page 99 of 106
Trading Corporation engaged in providing warewashing, handling and transport
solutions to the restaurant, catering and hospital industry.
Panaware
Opportunities
The company considers this as an opportunity because once the taxes for
imported products are high; china products have a lower chance for getting into
the Philippine market.
Some consumers really prefer using plastic products for easy soring and easy to
use.
The company would be known all over the country once they have advertised
their different products in other advertising mediums.
Threats
China Imports
Clone products being produced by china and because of their low price it would
greatly affect the company.
Fuel Inflation
The company will shoulder the gasoline of the delivery trucks for product delivery
and so, if there is an increase in petroleum, it will affect the company by having
an increase in the cost.
It is a threat for the company because the pricing of raw materials may or may
not increase.
If the Philippine currency is low, it is a threat for the company because it will
affect their sales.
The company just has one factory in the country, since they just distribute
products through delivery and walk in.
This table shows us that the company has a great opportunity in developing new
technology since that’s one of their advantages towards other companies out
there. With this, the company can invest more to it since they can see opportunity
in that certain part; and when they have invested to it is also important for them
to maximize the given opportunity. Despite the opportunity of the company;
PhilTop Industries Inc., is worried on the threat that could affect their sales and
the company itself. And one threat is the entrance of China imports here in our
country. Another threat would be the Peso Fluctuation; the company uses the
peso as the mode of payment. Once there is a decrease in peso value, the
company is greatly affected on that.